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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-35465

TURTLE BEACH CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Nevada | 27-2767540
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
44 South Broadway, 4th Floor White Plains, New York | 10601
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

(888) 496-8001

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbols | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.001 | HEAR | The Nasdaq Global Market
Preferred Stock Purchase Rights | N/A | The Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer | ☒
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding on October 31, 2024 was 20,079,323

INDEX

|  | Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 2
Item 1. | Financial Statements (unaudited) | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 | 6
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 21
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 28
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 29
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION | 30
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 30
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 30
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 30
Item 5. | Other Information | 30
Item 6. | Exhibits | 31
SIGNATURES | 32

1

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

Turtle Beach Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (in thousands, except per-share data) |
Net revenue |  | $ | 94,363 |  |  | $ | 59,158 |  |  | $ | 226,689 |  |  | $ | 158,584 |
Cost of revenue |  |  | 60,232 |  |  |  | 41,469 |  |  |  | 151,696 |  |  |  | 114,884 |
Gross profit |  |  | 34,131 |  |  |  | 17,689 |  |  |  | 74,993 |  |  |  | 43,700 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling and marketing |  |  | 13,535 |  |  |  | 10,583 |  |  |  | 36,289 |  |  |  | 30,457 |
Research and development |  |  | 4,311 |  |  |  | 4,380 |  |  |  | 12,802 |  |  |  | 12,670 |
General and administrative |  |  | 6,352 |  |  |  | 5,243 |  |  |  | 19,489 |  |  |  | 25,375 |
Acquisition-related cost |  |  | 3,510 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,814 |  |  |  | — |
Total operating expenses |  |  | 27,708 |  |  |  | 20,206 |  |  |  | 78,394 |  |  |  | 68,502 |
Operating income (loss) |  |  | 6,423 |  |  |  | (2,517 | ) |  |  | (3,401 | ) |  |  | (24,802 | )
Interest expense |  |  | 2,712 |  |  |  | 107 |  |  |  | 5,082 |  |  |  | 253 |
Other non-operating expense, net |  |  | 252 |  |  |  | 481 |  |  |  | 974 |  |  |  | 799 |
Income (loss) before income tax |  |  | 3,459 |  |  |  | (3,105 | ) |  |  | (9,457 | ) |  |  | (25,854 | )
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 501 |  |  |  | (5,501 | ) |  |  | 377 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 3,413 |  |  | $ | (3,606 | ) |  | $ | (3,956 | ) |  | $ | (26,231 | )
Net income (loss) per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | (0.21 | ) |  | $ | (0.20 | ) |  | $ | (1.54 | )
Diluted |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | (0.21 | ) |  | $ | (0.20 | ) |  | $ | (1.54 | )
Weighted average number of shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 20,553 |  |  |  | 17,345 |  |  |  | 20,050 |  |  |  | 17,029 |
Diluted |  |  | 21,501 |  |  |  | 17,345 |  |  |  | 20,050 |  |  |  | 17,029 |

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

2

Turtle Beach Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2023 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2023 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 3,413 |  |  | $ | (3,606 | ) |  | $ | (3,956 | ) |  | $ | (26,231 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | 1,718 |  |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | 1,536 |  |  |  | 394 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 1,718 |  |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | 1,536 |  |  |  | 394 |
Comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | 5,131 |  |  | $ | (3,622 | ) |  | $ | (2,420 | ) |  | $ | (25,837 | )

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

3

Turtle Beach Corporation

Condensed Consolida ted Balance Sheets

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |
ASSETS |  | (in thousands, except par value and share amounts) |
Current Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 13,803 |  |  | $ | 18,726 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 70,703 |  |  |  | 54,390 |
Inventories |  |  | 102,263 |  |  |  | 44,019 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 9,686 |  |  |  | 7,720 |
Total Current Assets |  |  | 196,455 |  |  |  | 124,855 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 5,753 |  |  |  | 4,824 |
Goodwill |  |  | 56,700 |  |  |  | 10,686 |
Intangible assets, net |  |  | 44,544 |  |  |  | 1,734 |
Other assets |  |  | 9,749 |  |  |  | 7,868 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 313,201 |  |  | $ | 149,967 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Revolving credit facility |  | $ | 58,626 |  |  | $ | — |
Accounts payable |  |  | 66,394 |  |  |  | 26,908 |
Other current liabilities |  |  | 30,689 |  |  |  | 29,424 |
Total Current Liabilities |  |  | 155,709 |  |  |  | 56,332 |
Debt, non-current |  |  | 45,696 |  |  |  | — |
Income tax payable |  |  | 1,489 |  |  |  | 1,546 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 8,488 |  |  |  | 7,012 |
Total Liabilities |  |  | 211,382 |  |  |  | 64,890 |
Commitments and Contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, $0.001 par value - 25,000,000 shares authorized; 20,079,323 and 17,531,702 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 18 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 239,345 |  |  |  | 220,185 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (138,233 | ) |  |  | (134,277 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 687 |  |  |  | (849 | )
Total Stockholders’ Equity |  |  | 101,819 |  |  |  | 85,077 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  | $ | 313,201 |  |  | $ | 149,967 |

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

4

Turtle Beach Corporation

Condensed Consolidated S tatements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

|  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2023 |
|  | (in thousands) |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (3,956 | ) |  | $ | (26,231 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 3,261 |  |  |  | 2,912 |
Costs recognized on sale of acquired inventory |  |  | 2,085 |  |  |  | — |
Amortization of intangible assets |  |  | 4,843 |  |  |  | 761 |
Amortization of debt financing costs |  |  | 625 |  |  |  | 108 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 3,447 |  |  |  | 8,554 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (6,739 | ) |  |  | (178 | )
Change in sales returns reserve |  |  | 1,369 |  |  |  | (2,473 | )
Provision for obsolete inventory |  |  | 4,690 |  |  |  | 200 |
Loss on impairment of assets |  |  | 753 |  |  |  | — |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 4,344 |  |  |  | 12,563 |
Inventories |  |  | (43,597 | ) |  |  | (4,986 | )
Accounts payable |  |  | 30,050 |  |  |  | 19,072 |
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  |  | 127 |  |  |  | 385 |
Income taxes payable |  |  | 485 |  |  |  | 126 |
Other liabilities |  |  | (10,340 | ) |  |  | (2,869 | )
Net cash provided (used for) by operating activities |  |  | (8,553 | ) |  |  | 7,944 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment |  |  | (3,392 | ) |  |  | (1,924 | )
Acquisition of a business, net of cash acquired |  |  | (77,294 | ) |  |  | — |
Net cash used for investing activities |  |  | (80,686 | ) |  |  | (1,924 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings on revolving credit facilities |  |  | 242,609 |  |  |  | 149,995 |
Repayment of revolving credit facilities |  |  | (183,983 | ) |  |  | (155,787 | )
Proceeds of term loan |  |  | 50,000 |  |  |  | — |
Repayment of term loan |  |  | (729 | ) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and warrants |  |  | 3,004 |  |  |  | 1,718 |
Repurchase of common stock |  |  | (25,339 | ) |  |  | (974 | )
Debt issuance costs |  |  | (2,897 | ) |  |  | (80 | )
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities |  |  | 82,665 |  |  |  | (5,128 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 1,651 |  |  |  | 52 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (4,923 | ) |  |  | 944 |
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period |  |  | 18,726 |  |  |  | 11,396 |
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period |  | $ | 13,803 |  |  | $ | 12,340 |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 4,521 |  |  | $ | 283 |
Cash paid (received) for income taxes |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 175 |

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

5

Turtle Beach Corporation

Condensed Consolidated Statement o f Stockholders’ Equity

(unaudited)

|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-In |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Deficit |  |  | Income (Loss) |  |  | Total |
|  | (in thousands) |
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  |  | 17,532 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 220,185 |  |  | $ | (134,277 | ) |  | $ | (849 | ) |  | $ | 85,077 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 155 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 155 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (418 | ) |  |  | (418 | )
Issuance of acquisition-related stock |  |  | 3,450 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 38,047 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 38,050 |
Issuance of restricted stock |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock options exercised |  |  | 171 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,257 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,257 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,105 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,105 |
Balance at March 31, 2024 |  |  | 21,165 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 260,594 |  |  | $ | (134,122 | ) |  | $ | (1,267 | ) |  | $ | 125,226 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,524 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,524 | )
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 236 |  |  |  | 236 |
Issuance of restricted stock |  |  | 365 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock options exercised |  |  | 176 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1,683 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,684 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 846 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 846 |
Repurchase of common stock |  |  | (952 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (15,206 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15,207 | )
Balance at June 30, 2024 |  |  | 20,754 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 247,917 |  |  | $ | (141,646 | ) |  | $ | (1,031 | ) |  | $ | 105,261 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,413 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,413 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,718 |  |  |  | 1,718 |
Issuance of restricted stock |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock options exercised |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 63 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 63 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,496 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,496 |
Repurchase of common stock |  |  | (689 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (10,131 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (10,132 | )
Balance at September 30, 2024 |  |  | 20,079 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 239,345 |  |  | $ | (138,233 | ) |  | $ | 687 |  |  | $ | 101,819 |

|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-In |  |  | Accumulated |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  |  |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Deficit |  |  | Income (Loss) |  |  | Total |
|  | (in thousands) |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  |  | 16,569 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 206,916 |  |  | $ | (116,598 | ) |  | $ | (1,394 | ) |  | $ | 88,941 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,705 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,705 | )
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 445 |  |  |  | 445 |
Issuance of restricted stock |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock options exercised |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 124 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 124 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,959 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,959 |
Balance at March 31, 2023 |  |  | 16,604 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 208,999 |  |  | $ | (123,303 | ) |  | $ | (949 | ) |  | $ | 84,764 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15,920 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15,920 | )
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (35 | ) |  |  | (35 | )
Issuance of restricted stock |  |  | 469 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock options exercised |  |  | 322 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,234 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,234 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,986 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,986 |
Repurchase of common stock |  |  | (86 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (974 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (974 | )
Balance at June 30, 2023 |  |  | 17,309 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 214,245 |  |  | $ | (139,223 | ) |  | $ | (984 | ) |  | $ | 74,055 |
Net loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,606 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,606 | )
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | (16 | )
Issuance of restricted stock |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock options exercised |  |  | 76 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 360 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 360 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,609 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,609 |
Balance at September 30, 2023 |  |  | 17,409 |  |  | $ | 17 |  |  | $ | 216,214 |  |  | $ | (142,829 | ) |  | $ | (1,000 | ) |  | $ | 72,402 |

6

See accompanying Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

7

Turtle Beach Corporation

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 1. Background and Basis of Presentation

Organization

Turtle Beach Corporation (“Turtle Beach” or the “Company”), headquartered in White Plains, New York and incorporated in the state of Nevada in 2010, is a premier audio and gaming technology company with expertise and experience in developing, commercializing, and marketing innovative products across a range of large addressable markets under the Turtle Beach®, PDP® and ROCCAT® brands. Turtle Beach is a worldwide leader of feature-rich headset solutions for use across multiple platforms, including video game and entertainment consoles, handheld consoles, personal computers (“PC”), tablets and mobile devices. ROCCAT is a gaming keyboards, mice and other accessories brand focused on the PC peripherals market. Acquired in March 2024, Performance Designed Products, LLC (“PDP”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Turtle Beach Corporation incorporated in the state of California in 1997, is a gaming accessories leader that designs and distributes video game accessories, including controllers, headsets, power supplies, cases, and other accessories.

VTB Holdings, Inc. (“VTBH”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Turtle Beach Corporation and the owner of Voyetra Turtle Beach, Inc. (“VTB”), was incorporated in the state of Delaware in 2010. VTB, the owner of Turtle Beach Europe Limited (“TB Europe”), was incorporated in the state of Delaware in 1975 with operations principally located in White Plains, New York.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments (which include normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the periods presented. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain information and footnote disclosures, normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. The Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for the entire fiscal year.

The December 31, 2023 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet has been derived from the Company’s audited financial statements included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 13, 2024 (“Annual Report”).

These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the annual financial statements and the notes thereto included in the Annual Report that contains information useful to understanding the Company’s businesses and financial statement presentations.

Use of estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to use estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The significant estimates and assumptions used by management affect: sales return reserve, allowances for cash discounts, warranty reserve, valuation of inventory, valuation of long-lived assets, goodwill and other intangible assets, depreciation and amortization of long-lived assets, valuation of deferred tax assets, probability of performance shares vesting and forfeiture rates utilized in issuing stock-based compensation awards. The Company evaluates estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors and adjusts those estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ from these estimates, and those differences could be material to the consolidated financial statements.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

The preparation of consolidated annual and quarterly financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Company’s consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. The Company can give no assurance that actual results will not differ from those estimates.

8

There have been no material changes to the significant accounting policies and estimates from the information provided in Note 1 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report.

Note 3. Acquisitions

On March 13, 2024, the Company acquired all the issued and outstanding equity of Performance Designed Products, LLC (“PDP”) for consideration that included cash and common stock. PDP was a privately held gaming accessories leader that designs and distributes video game accessories, including controllers, headsets, power supplies, cases, and other accessories. As a result of the acquisition, the Company will strengthen its leadership position in hardware gaming accessories and expand its product portfolio.

Consideration for the Transaction consisted of the issuance of 3.45 million shares of Company common stock and approximately $78.9 million in cash, subject to customary post-closing adjustments for working capital, closing cash, closing debt and closing third party expenses. On a fully-diluted basis, issued stock represented approximately 16.4% of the total issued and outstanding shares of the Company as of the closing date. The fair value of the 3.45 million common shares issued as part of the consideration was determined on the basis of the closing market price of the Company’s common shares on the acquisition date, or $11.03 per share. As a result, the total preliminary purchase consideration was $116.9 million, partially funded by borrowing on the new term loan facility (see Note 8). Additionally, the Company recognized $9.8 million of acquisition-related costs that were expensed during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The following table summarizes preliminary allocation of the consideration transferred to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date:

(In thousands) |  | Amount |
Cash |  |  | 1,562 |
Accounts Receivable |  |  | 22,026 |
Inventory |  |  | 21,423 |
Prepaid and Other Current Assets |  |  | 2,168 |
Property, Plant & Equipment |  |  | 1,161 |
Other Assets |  |  | 3,478 |
Intangible Assets |  |  | 47,769 |
Accounts Payable |  |  | (12,716 | )
Accrued Liabilities |  |  | (6,352 | )
Lease Payable |  |  | (2,726 | )
Deferred Tax Liability |  |  | (6,898 | )
Total identifiable net assets |  |  | 70,895 |
Goodwill |  |  | 46,014 |
Total consideration paid |  | $ | 116,909 |

The fair values assigned to PDP’s assets and liabilities are provisional and were determined based on preliminary estimates and assumptions that management believes are reasonable. The preliminary purchase price allocation is subject to further refinement and may require significant adjustments to arrive at the final purchase price allocation. The final determination of the fair value of certain assets and liabilities will be completed as soon as the necessary information is available, but no later than one year from the acquisition date.

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized measurement period adjustments primarily to establish preliminary values for the opening balance sheet of the net assets acquired including intangibles assets, which also resulted in a reduction in goodwill from the previously reported preliminary amount.

The goodwill from the acquisition, which is fully deductible for tax purposes, consists largely of synergies and economies of scale expected from adding the operations of PDP's and the Company’s existing business and supply channels.

The preliminary fair value of PDP’s identifiable intangible assets was determined primarily using the “income approach,” which requires a forecast of all expected future cash flows either through the use of the multi-period excess earnings method or the relief-from-royalty method. Such forecasts are based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement, and as such, are classified as

9

Level 3 inputs (see Note 4). Some of the more significant assumptions inherent in the development of intangible asset values include: the amount and timing of projected future cash flows, the discount rate selected to measure the risks inherent in the future cash flows, the assessment of the intangible asset’s life cycle, as well as other factors. The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of purchase consideration to identifiable intangible assets:

(In thousands) |  | Life |  | Amount |
Tradenames |  | 7 Years |  | $ | 15,607 |
Customer relationships |  | 6 Years |  |  | 4,456 |
Developed technology |  | 6 Years |  |  | 27,706 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 47,769 |

PDP's net revenue included in the Company’s consolidated results was $26.7 million and $54.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. PDP’s net income included in the Company’s consolidated resu lts for the same period was not material.

Pro Forma Financial Information (Unaudited)

The following table reflects the unaudited pro forma operating results of the Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, which give effect to the acquisition of PDP as if it had occurred on January 1, 2023.

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Net revenue |  | $ | 94,363 |  |  | $ | 81,410 |  |  | $ | 246,707 |  |  | $ | 219,724 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 3,153 |  |  | $ | (12,052 | ) |  | $ | (3,912 | ) |  | $ | (44,817 | )

The pro forma results are based on assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances. The pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of the operating results that would have occurred had the acquisition been effective January 1, 2023, nor are they intended to be indicative of results that may occur in the future.

Note 4. Fair Value Measurement

The Company follows a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of inputs used to measure fair value are as follows:

•
Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
•
Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
•
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.

Financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, debt instruments and certain warrants. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had not elected the fair value option for any financial assets and liabilities for which such an election would have been permitted. The following is a summary of the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our financial instruments as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:

|  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
|  | Reported |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Reported |  |  | Fair Value |
|  | (in thousands) |
Financial Assets and Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 13,803 |  |  | $ | 13,803 |  |  | $ | 18,726 |  |  | $ | 18,726 |
Term Loan |  | $ | 49,271 |  |  | $ | 49,271 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Revolving credit facility |  | $ | 58,626 |  |  | $ | 58,626 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

10

Cash equivalents are stated at amortized cost, which approximates fair value as of the consolidated balance sheet dates, due to the short period of time to maturity; and accounts receivable and accounts payable are stated at their carrying value, which approximates fair value due to the short time to the expected receipt or payment. The carrying value of the Credit Facility and Term Loan due 2027 equals fair value as the stated interest rate approximates market rates currently available to the Company. The carrying value of the Credit Facility approximates fair value, due to the variable rate nature of the debt, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Note 5. Allowance for Sales Returns

The following table provides the changes in our sales return reserve, which is classified as a reduction of accounts receivable:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 5,240 |  |  | $ | 5,398 |  |  | $ | 8,449 |  |  | $ | 7,817 |
Reserve accrual |  |  | 4,392 |  |  |  | 3,566 |  |  |  | 9,825 |  |  |  | 9,817 |
Recoveries and deductions, net |  |  | (2,552 | ) |  |  | (3,620 | ) |  |  | (11,194 | ) |  |  | (12,290 | )
Balance, end of period |  | $ | 7,080 |  |  | $ | 5,344 |  |  | $ | 7,080 |  |  | $ | 5,344 |

Note 6. Composition of Certain Financial Statement Items

Inventories

Inventories consist of the following:

|  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Finished goods |  | $ | 95,016 |  |  | $ | 43,579 |
Raw materials |  |  | 7,247 |  |  |  | 440 |
Total inventories |  | $ | 102,263 |  |  | $ | 44,019 |

Property and Equipment, net

Property and equipment, net, consists of the following:

|  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Machinery and equipment |  | $ | 2,808 |  |  | $ | 2,597 |
Software and software development |  |  | 2,861 |  |  |  | 2,438 |
Furniture and fixtures |  |  | 1,709 |  |  |  | 1,700 |
Tooling |  |  | 14,056 |  |  |  | 11,250 |
Leasehold improvements |  |  | 2,372 |  |  |  | 1,988 |
Demonstration units and convention booths |  |  | 16,617 |  |  |  | 15,767 |
Total property and equipment, gross |  |  | 40,423 |  |  |  | 35,740 |
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization |  |  | (34,670 | ) |  |  | (30,916 | )
Total property and equipment, net |  | $ | 5,753 |  |  | $ | 4,824 |

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Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consist of the following:

|  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Accrued employee expenses |  | $ | 3,432 |  |  | $ | 3,944 |
Accrued royalty |  |  | 6,059 |  |  |  | 5,275 |
Accrued tax-related payables |  |  | 4,815 |  |  |  | 5,206 |
Accrued freight |  |  | 2,705 |  |  |  | 2,917 |
Accrued marketing |  |  | 1,992 |  |  |  | 3,335 |
Accrued expenses |  |  | 11,686 |  |  |  | 8,747 |
Total other current liabilities |  | $ | 30,689 |  |  | $ | 29,424 |

Note 7. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Acquired Intangible Assets

Acquired identifiable intangible assets, and related accumulated amortization, as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of:

|  | September 30, 2024 |
|  | Gross Carrying Value |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net Book Value |
|  | (in thousands) |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 12,541 |  |  | $ | 8,053 |  |  | $ | 4,488 |
Tradenames |  |  | 18,673 |  |  |  | 4,178 |  |  |  | 14,495 |
Developed technology |  |  | 29,590 |  |  |  | 4,066 |  |  |  | 25,524 |
Foreign currency |  |  | (932 | ) |  |  | (969 | ) |  |  | 37 |
Total Intangible Assets (1) |  | $ | 59,872 |  |  | $ | 15,328 |  |  | $ | 44,544 |

|  | December 31, 2023 |
|  | Gross Carrying Value |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net Book Value |
|  | (in thousands) |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 8,085 |  |  | $ | 7,214 |  |  | $ | 871 |
Tradenames |  |  | 3,066 |  |  |  | 2,607 |  |  |  | 459 |
Developed technology |  |  | 1,884 |  |  |  | 1,613 |  |  |  | 271 |
Foreign currency |  |  | (1,159 | ) |  |  | (1,292 | ) |  |  | 133 |
Total Intangible Assets (1) |  | $ | 11,876 |  |  | $ | 10,142 |  |  | $ | 1,734 |

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(1) The accumulated amortization includes $1.9 million of accumulated impairment charges as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

In May 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of the business and assets of ROCCAT. The acquired intangible assets relating to developed technology, customer relationships, and trade name are subject to amortization. In January 2021, the Company completed its acquisition of the business and assets relating to the Neat Microphones business. The acquired intangible assets relating to developed technology, customer relationships, and trade name are subject to amortization.

In March 2024, the Company completed its acquisition of the business and assets of PDP. The acquired intangible assets relating to developed technology, customer relationships, and trade name are subject to amortization. Refer to Note 3, “Acquisitions” for additional information related to PDP’s identifiable intangible assets.

Amortization expense related to definite lived intangible assets of $2.1 million and $4.8 million was recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $0.2 million and $0.8 million was recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

As of September 30, 2024, estimated annual amortization expense related to definite lived intangible assets in future periods was as follows:

|  | (in thousands) |
2024 |  | $ | 2,146 |
2025 |  |  | 8,016 |
2026 |  |  | 7,761 |
2027 |  |  | 7,591 |
Thereafter |  |  | 18,993 |
Total |  | $ | 44,507 |

Changes in the carrying values of goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 from the balance as of December 31, 2023.

|  | (in thousands) |
Balance as of January 1, 2024 |  | $ | 10,686 |
PDP acquisition |  |  | 46,014 |
Balance as of September 30, 2024 |  | $ | 56,700 |

Note 8. Revolving Credit Facility and Long-Term Debt

|  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Revolving credit facility, maturing March 2027 |  | $ | 58,626 |  |  | $ | — |
Term loan Due 2027 |  | $ | 49,271 |  |  | $ | — |

Total interest expense, inclusive of amortization of deferred financing costs, on long-term debt obligations was $2.7 million and $5.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $0.1 million and $0.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Amortization of deferred financing costs was $0.3 million and $0.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $33 thousand and $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Revolving Credit Facility

On March 5, 2018, Turtle Beach and certain of its subsidiaries entered into an amended and restated loan, guaranty and security agreement (the “Credit Facility”) with Bank of America, N.A. (“Bank of America”), as administrative agent, collateral agent and security trustee for Lenders (as defined therein), which replaced the then existing asset-based revolving loan agreement. The Credit Facility was amended on each of December 17, 2018, May 31, 2019, and March 10, 2023. The Credit Facility, as amended, expires on March 13, 2027 and provides for a line of credit of up to $50 million inclusive of a sub-facility limit of $10 million for TB Europe, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Turtle Beach.

On March 13, 2024, the Company entered into a Fourth Amendment, dated as of March 13, 2024 (the “Fourth Amendment”), by and among the Company, VTB, TBC Holding Company LLC, TB Europe, VTBH, the financial institutions party thereto from time to time and Bank of America, as administrative agent, collateral agent and security trustee for the lenders.

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The Fourth Amendment provided for, among other things: (i) the acquisition of PDP; (ii) revised the calculation of the U.S. Borrowing Base to include certain acquired assets of PDP equal to the lesser of (a) the sum of the accounts formula amount and the inventory formula amount (each as defined in the Fourth Amendment), (b) $15,000,000, and (c) 30% of the aggregate Revolver Commitments; (iii) extending the maturity date of the Credit Facility from April 1, 2025 to March 13, 2027; and (iv) updated the interest rate and margin terms such that the loans will bear interest at a rate equal to (1) SOFR, (2) the U.S. Base Rate, (3) the Sterling Overnight Index Average Reference Rate (“SONIA”) for loans denominated in Sterling, and (4) the Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EUIBOR”) for loans denominated in Euros, plus in each case, an applicable margin, which is between 0.50% and 2.50% for Base Rate Loans and 1.75% and 3.50% for Term SOFR Loans, SONIA Rate Loans and EUIBOR Loans.

The maximum credit availability for loans and letters of credit under the Credit Facility is governed by a borrowing base determined by the application of specified percentages to certain eligible assets, primarily eligible trade accounts receivable and inventories, and is subject to discretionary reserves and revaluation adjustments. The Credit Facility may be used for working capital, the issuance of bank guarantees, letters of credit and other corporate purposes.

Amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to (i) a rate published by Bank of America or the U.S. Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index (“BSBY”) rate for loans denominated in U.S. Dollars, (ii) the Sterling Overnight Index Average Reference Rate (“SONIA”) for loans denominated in Sterling, (iii) and the Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EUIBOR”) for loans denominated in Euros, plus in each case, an applicable margin, which is between 0.50% to 2.50% for base rate loans and UK base rate loans, and 1.75% to 3.50% for U.S. BSBY rate loans, U.S. BSBY daily floating rate loans and UK alternative currency loans. In addition, Turtle Beach is required to pay a commitment fee on the unused revolving loan commitment at a rate ranging from 0.375% to 0.50% and letter of credit fees and agent fees. As of September 30, 2024, interest rates for outstanding borrowings were 8.60% for base rate loans and 6.70% for Term SOFR loans.

The Company is subject to quarterly financial covenant testing if certain availability thresholds are not met or certain other events occur (as set forth in the Credit Facility). At such times, the Credit Facility requires the Company and its restricted subsidiaries to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.00 to 1.00 as of the last day of each fiscal quarter.

The Credit Facility also contains affirmative and negative covenants that, subject to certain exceptions, limit our ability to take certain actions, including the Company’s ability to incur debt, pay dividends and repurchase stock, make certain investments and other payments, enter into certain mergers and consolidations, engage in sale leaseback transactions and transactions with affiliates, and encumber and dispose of assets. Obligations under the Credit Facility are secured by a security interest and lien upon substantially all of the Company’s assets.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants under the Credit Facility, as amended, and excess borrowing availability was approximately $21.1 million.

Term Loan

On March 13, 2024, Turtle Beach and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a new financing agreement with Blue Torch Finance, LLC, (“Blue Torch”), pursuant to which Blue Torch for an aggregate amount of $50 million (the “Term Loan Facility”), the proceeds of which were used to (i) fund a portion of the PDP acquisition purchase price; (ii) repay certain existing indebtedness of the acquired business; (iii) to pay fees and expenses related to such transactions and (iv) for general corporate purposes. The Term Loan Facility will amortize in a monthly amount equal to 0.208333% during the first two years and 0.416667% during the third year and may be prepaid at any time subject to a prepayment premium during the first year of the interest payments payable during the first year plus 3.00%. The Term Loan Facility is secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries which are party to the Term Loan Facility.

The Term Loan Facility (a) matures on March 13, 2027; (b) bears interest at a rate equal to (i) a base rate plus 7.25% per annum for Reference Rate Loans and Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus 8.25% per annum for SOFR Loans if the total net leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 2.25 x and (ii) a base rate plus 6.75% per annum for Reference Rate Loans and SOFR plus 7.75% per annum for SOFR Loans if the total net leverage ratio is less than 2.25 x; and (c) is subject to certain affirmative, negative and financial covenants, including a minimum liquidity covenant and a quarterly total net leverage ratio covenant. As of September 30, 2024, interest rates for outstanding borrowings was 13.11%.

On August 7, 2024, the Company and Blue Torch amended the Term Loan Facility to, among other things, permit the Company to repurchase Company common stock in an aggregate amount not to exceed $30 million prior to March 31, 2025, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. The other material terms of the Term Loan Facility were unchanged.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants under the Term Loan Facility.

Note 9. Income Taxes

Generally, in order to determine the quarterly provision for income taxes, the Company uses an estimated annual effective tax rate, which is based on expected annual income and statutory tax rates in the various jurisdictions. However, to the extent that application of the estimated

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annual effective tax rate is not representative of the quarterly portion of actual tax expense expected to be recorded for the year in a jurisdiction, the Company determines the provision for income taxes based on actual year-to-date income (loss) which it has done for certain jurisdictions for the quarter ended September 30, 2024. Certain significant or unusual items are separately recognized as discrete items in the period during which they occur and can be a source of variability in the effective tax rates from quarter to quarter.

The following table presents the Company’s income tax expense and effective income tax rate:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 501 |  |  | $ | (5,501 | ) |  | $ | 377 |
Effective income tax rate |  |  | 1.3 | % |  |  | (16.1 | %) |  |  | 58.2 | % |  |  | (1.5 | %)

The effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily impacted by the change in U.S. valuation allowance related to the acquisition of PDP, foreign taxes, Federal and state current tax and interest on uncertain tax positions.

The Company recognizes only those tax positions that meet the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold and establishes tax reserves for uncertain tax positions that do not meet this threshold. Interest and penalties associated with income tax matters are included in the provision for income taxes in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had uncertain tax positions of $2.9 million, inclusive of $0.8 million of interest and penalties.

As required by the authoritative guidance on accounting for income taxes, the Company evaluates the realizability of deferred tax assets on a jurisdictional basis at each reporting date. Accounting for income taxes requires that a valuation allowance be established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred taxes will not be realized. The Company considers all positive and negative evidence in determining if, based on the weight of such evidence, a valuation allowance is required. In circumstances where there is sufficient negative evidence indicating that the deferred tax assets are not more likely than not realizable, the Company establishes a valuation allowance. Due to the significant 2022 pre-tax loss, coupled with cumulative book losses projected in early future years, the Company recorded a valuation allowance on its net U.S. deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2022. While the Company continues to maintain this valuation allowance for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, it did release $6.9 million of valuation allowance for PDP acquired net deferred tax liabilities.

The Company is subject to income taxes domestically and in various foreign jurisdictions. The Company files U.S., state and foreign income tax returns in jurisdictions with various statutes of limitations. The federal tax years open under the statute of limitations are 2020 through 2023, and the state tax years open under the statute of limitations are 2019 through 2023.

Note 10. Equity and Stock-Based Compensation

Stock Repurchase Activity

On April 9, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to acquire up to $15.0 million of its common stock. Any repurchases under the program will be made from time to time on the open market at prevailing market prices. On April 1, 2021, the Board of Directors approved an extension and expansion of this stock repurchase program up to $25.0 million of its common shares, expiring April 9, 2023. On March 3, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a two-year extension of this stock repurchase plan. On April 9, 2024, the Board of Directors approved an additional expansion of this stock repurchase program to up to $55 million of the Company’s

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common shares. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company has repurchased 0.7 million and 1.6 million shares, respectively, of its common stock for a total cost of $25.3 million.

Stock-Based Compensation

Total estimated stock-based compensation expense for employees and non-employees, related to all of the Company’s stock-based awards, was as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Cost of revenue |  | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 421 |  |  | $ | 467 |
Selling and marketing |  |  | 399 |  |  |  | 564 |  |  |  | 1,261 |  |  |  | 1,464 |
Research and development |  |  | 298 |  |  |  | 326 |  |  |  | 795 |  |  |  | 1,006 |
General and administrative |  |  | 668 |  |  |  | 605 |  |  |  | 970 |  |  |  | 5,617 |
Total stock-based compensation |  | $ | 1,496 |  |  | $ | 1,625 |  |  | $ | 3,447 |  |  | $ | 8,554 |

The following table presents the stock activity and the total number of shares available for grant as of September 30, 2024:

|  | (in thousands) |
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  |  | 1,059 |
Options Cancelled |  |  | 6 |
Restricted Stock Granted |  |  | (214 | )
Restricted Stock Forfeited |  |  | 32 |
Performance Shares Granted |  |  | (171 | )
Balance at September 30, 2024 |  |  | 712 |

Stock Option Activity

|  | Options Outstanding |
|  | Number of Shares Underlying Outstanding Options |  |  | Weighted- Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (in years) |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2023 |  |  | 1,041,452 |  |  | $ | 9.10 |  |  |  | 4.22 |  |  | $ | 3,137,285 |
Options Granted |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options Exercised |  |  | (355,344 | ) |  |  | 8.25 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options Forfeited |  |  | (5,846 | ) |  |  | 30.86 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at September 30, 2024 |  |  | 680,262 |  |  | $ | 9.36 |  |  |  | 4.64 |  |  | $ | 4,617,323 |
Vested and expected to vest at September 30, 2024 |  |  | 680,248 |  |  | $ | 9.43 |  |  |  | 4.64 |  |  | $ | 4,617,323 |
Exercisable at September 30, 2024 |  |  | 679,389 |  |  | $ | 9.42 |  |  |  | 4.64 |  |  | $ | 4,617,323 |

Stock options are time-based and the majority are exercisable within 10 years of the date of grant, but only to the extent they have vested. The options generally vest as specified in the option agreements subject to acceleration in certain circumstances. In the event participants in the plan cease to be employed or engaged by the Company, all vested options would be forfeited if they are not exercised within 90 days. Forfeitures on option grants are estimated at 10% for non-executives and 0% for executives based on evaluation of historical and expected future turnover. Stock-based compensation expense was recorded net of estimated forfeitures, such that expense was recorded only for those stock-based awards expected to vest. The Company reviews this assumption periodically and will adjust it if it is not representative of future forfeiture data and trends within employee types (executive vs. non-executive).

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Aggregate intrinsic value represents the difference between the estimated fair value of the underlying common stock and the exercise price of outstanding, in-the-money options. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of options granted as of the grant date. There were no new options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The total estimated fair value of employee options vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $1.2 million. As of September 30, 2024, total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options granted to employees was less than $0.1 million, which is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted average vesting period of 0.3 years.

Restricted Stock Activity

|  | Shares |  |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share |
Nonvested restricted stock at December 31, 2023 |  |  | 764,942 |  |  | $ | 14.76 |
Granted |  |  | 213,673 |  |  |  | 17.02 |
Vested |  |  | (323,571 | ) |  |  | 14.23 |
Shares forfeited |  |  | (31,961 | ) |  |  | 13.08 |
Nonvested restricted stock at September 30, 2024 |  |  | 623,083 |  |  | $ | 15.89 |

As of September 30, 2024, total unrecognized compensation costs related to the nonvested restricted stock awards was $7.8 million, which will be recognized over a remaining weighted average vesting period of 2.3 years.

Performance-Based Restricted Share Units

As of September 30, 2024, the Company had 253,395 performance-based restricted share units outstanding. On April 1, 2024, the Company granted 171,393 PSUs to certain executives, of which 50% vest based on achievement of defined Company stock price appreciation over the period of April 1, 2024 through May 9, 2025, and 50% vest based on defined Adjusted EBITDA targets for the period commencing on the second fiscal quarter in 2024 through the first fiscal quarter of 2025. The awards granted on April 1, 2024 are also subject to three year service-based vesting periods with the ability to earn and vest into such units ranging from 0% to 200% of the granted PSUs. The remaining 82,002 PSUs outstanding were granted to executives on April 1, 2023 and 2022, and will vest over a three-year period from the respective grant dates based on (i) the amount by which revenue growth exceeds a defined baseline market growth each year and (ii) the achievement of specified tiers of Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net revenue each year, with the ability to earn and vest into such units ranging from 0% to 200% of the granted PSUs. As of September 30, 2024, achievement of the performance conditions associated with the outstanding 2024, 2023 and 2022 performance shares was deemed not probable.

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Note 11. Net Income (Loss) Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock attributable to common stockholders:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (in thousands, except per-share data) |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 3,413 |  |  | $ | (3,606 | ) |  | $ | (3,956 | ) |  | $ | (26,231 | )
Weighted average common shares outstanding — Basic |  |  | 20,553 |  |  |  | 17,345 |  |  |  | 20,050 |  |  |  | 17,029 |
Plus incremental shares from assumed conversions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dilutive effect of restricted stock |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Dilutive effect of stock options |  |  | 287 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Dilutive effect of warrants |  |  | 550 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Weighted average common shares outstanding — Diluted |  |  | 21,501 |  |  |  | 17,345 |  |  |  | 20,050 |  |  |  | 17,029 |
Net income (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | (0.21 | ) |  | $ | (0.20 | ) |  | $ | (1.54 | )
Diluted |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | (0.21 | ) |  | $ | (0.20 | ) |  | $ | (1.54 | )

Incremental shares from stock options and restricted stock awards are computed using the treasury stock method. The weighted average shares listed below were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented or were otherwise excluded under the treasury stock method. The treasury stock method calculates dilution assuming the exercise of all in-the-money options and vesting of restricted stock, reduced by the repurchase of shares with the proceeds from the assumed exercises and unrecognized compensation expense for outstanding awards.

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Stock options |  |  | 66 |  |  |  | 1,195 |  |  |  | 818 |  |  |  | 1,374 |
Unvested restricted stock awards |  |  | 316 |  |  |  | 797 |  |  |  | 674 |  |  |  | 855 |
Warrants |  |  | — |  |  |  | 550 |  |  |  | 550 |  |  |  | 550 |
Total |  |  | 382 |  |  |  | 2,542 |  |  |  | 2,042 |  |  |  | 2,779 |

Note 12. Segment Information

The following table represents total net revenues based on where customers are physically located:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (in thousands) |
North America |  | $ | 73,404 |  |  | $ | 43,166 |  |  | $ | 177,556 |  |  | $ | 116,234 |
Europe and Middle East |  |  | 16,913 |  |  |  | 12,827 |  |  |  | 39,857 |  |  |  | 34,414 |
Asia Pacific |  |  | 4,046 |  |  |  | 3,165 |  |  |  | 9,276 |  |  |  | 7,936 |
Total net revenues |  | $ | 94,363 |  |  | $ | 59,158 |  |  | $ | 226,689 |  |  | $ | 158,584 |

Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Although the amount of any liability that could arise with respect to these actions cannot be determined with certainty, in the Company’s opinion, any such liability will not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, consolidated results of operations or liquidity.

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Shareholders Class Action: On August 5, 2013, VTB Holdings, Inc. (“VTBH”) and the Company (f/k/a Parametric Sound Corporation) announced that they had entered into the Merger Agreement pursuant to which VTBH would acquire an approximately 80% ownership interest and existing shareholders would maintain an approximately 20% ownership interest in the combined company (the “Merger”). Following the announcement, several shareholders filed class action lawsuits in California and Nevada seeking to enjoin the Merger. The plaintiffs in each case alleged that members of the Company’s Board of Directors breached their fiduciary duties to the shareholders by agreeing to a merger that allegedly undervalued the Company. VTBH and the Company were named as defendants in these lawsuits under the theory that they had aided and abetted the Company’s Board of Directors in allegedly violating their fiduciary duties. The plaintiffs in both cases sought a preliminary injunction seeking to enjoin closing of the Merger, which, by agreement, was heard by the Nevada court with the California plaintiffs invited to participate. On December 26, 2013, the court in the Nevada case denied the plaintiffs’ motion for a preliminary injunction. Following the closing of the Merger, the Nevada plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint, which made essentially the same allegations and sought monetary damages as well as an order rescinding the Merger. The California plaintiffs dismissed their action without prejudice, and sought to intervene in the Nevada action, which was granted. Subsequent to the intervention, the plaintiffs filed a third amended complaint, which made essentially the same allegations as prior complaints and sought monetary damages. On June 20, 2014, VTBH and the Company moved to dismiss the action, but that motion was denied on August 28, 2014. On September 14, 2017, a unanimous en banc panel of the Nevada Supreme Court granted defendants’ petition for writ of mandamus and ordered the trial court to dismiss the complaint but provided a limited basis upon which plaintiffs could seek to amend their complaint. Plaintiffs amended their complaint on December 1, 2017 to assert the same claims in a derivative capacity on behalf of the Company, as well as in a direct capacity, against VTBH, Stripes Group, LLC, SG VTB Holdings, LLC, and the former members of the Company’s Board of Directors. All defendants moved to dismiss this amended complaint on January 2, 2018, and those motions were denied on March 13, 2018. Defendants petitioned the Nevada Supreme Court to reverse this ruling on April 18, 2018. On June 15, 2018, the Nevada Supreme Court denied defendants’ writ petition without prejudice. The district court subsequently entered a pretrial schedule and set trial for November 2019. On January 18, 2019, the district court certified a class of shareholders of the Company as of January 15, 2014. On October 11, 2019, the parties notified the district court that they had reached a settlement that would resolve the pending action if ultimately approved by the Court. On January 13, 2020, the district court preliminarily approved the settlement between the plaintiffs and all defendants. A final hearing was held on May 18, 2020, wherein the Court approved the settlement and entered final judgment.

On May 22, 2020, PAMTP LLC, which purports to hold the claims of eight shareholders who opted out of the class settlement described above, brought suit against the Company, the Company’s former Chief Executive Officer, Juergen Stark, Stripes Group, LLC, SG VTB Holdings, LLC, Kenneth Fox, and former members of the Company’s Board of Directors in Nevada state court. This opt-out action asserts the same direct claims that were asserted by the class of shareholders described above. The defendants filed two motions to dismiss this complaint, which were heard on August 10, 2020. The Court denied those motions by order of August 20, 2020. The case was tried in August 2021 and all remaining defendants, including the Company, prevailed on all counts with final judgment entered in their favor on September 3, 2021. Plaintiff appealed that judgment. On June 6, 2024, the Nevada Supreme Court affirmed the judgment in Defendants’ favor and subsequently denied Plaintiff’s petition for rehearing on July 22, 2024.

Employment Litigation: On April 20, 2017, a former employee filed an action in the Superior Court for the County of San Diego, State of California. The complaint alleges claims including wrongful termination, retaliation and various other provisions of the California Labor Code. The complaint seeks unspecified economic and non-economic losses, as well as allegedly unpaid wages, unreimbursed business expenses statutory penalties, interest, punitive damages and attorneys’ fees. The Company filed a cross-complaint against the former employee on May 25, 2017 for certain activities related to his employment with the Company. The matter was tried between September 24, 2021 and October 7, 2021. On October 8, 2021 a jury rendered a unanimous verdict in favor of the Company on the employment claims. The Court granted a directed verdict to the Company on its cross-complaint against the former employee. Judgment was entered in favor of the Company on October 27, 2021. On December 20, 2021, the former employee filed a notice of appeal of the judgment. On November 14, 2023, the court of appeal issued its opinion affirming the judgment in favor of the Company. On the Company’s cross-complaint, the court of appeal directed the Company to elect either punitive or statutory treble damages, but otherwise affirmed. On March 8, 2024, the Superior Court entered an amended judgment in favor of the Company and awarding the Company monetary damages, injunctive relief, attorneys’ fees and costs.

Insolvency Dispute in Germany: On February 15, 2024, TBC Holding Company LLC (“TBCH”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Turtle Beach Corporation, was served with a lawsuit that was brought to the German Higher Regional Court in Stade by the insolvency administrator of KJE Europe GmbH, a company registered and existing under the laws of Germany. In his complaint, the insolvency administrator claims that TBCH is liable to reimburse any payments received by the TBCH under a certain settlement agreement with KJE Europe GmbH dated June 30, 2020. TBCH filed its statement of defense to the complaint on April 30, 2024 and the insolvency administrator filed his response in a brief on June 11, 2024. A procedural hearing of the case has been scheduled for December 13, 2024. TBCH does not believe the claims have merit and intends to defend itself in this proceeding.

The Company will continue to vigorously defend itself in the foregoing unresolved matters. However, litigation and investigations are inherently uncertain. Accordingly, the Company cannot predict the outcome of these matters. The Company has not recorded any accrual at September 30, 2024 for contingent losses associated with these matters based on its belief that losses, while possible, are not probable. Further,

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any possible range of loss cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. The unfavorable resolution of these matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. The Company is engaged in other legal actions, not described above, arising in the ordinary course of its business and, while there can be no assurance, believes that the ultimate outcome of these other legal actions will not have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

Warranties

The Company warrants its products against certain manufacturing and other defects. These product warranties are provided for specific periods of time depending on the nature of the product. Warranties are generally fulfilled by replacing defective products with new products. The following table provides the changes in our product warranty reserve, which are included in accrued liabilities:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Warranty, beginning of period |  | $ | 735 |  |  | $ | 640 |  |  | $ | 670 |  |  | $ | 618 |
Warranty costs accrued |  |  | 244 |  |  |  | 191 |  |  |  | 727 |  |  |  | 566 |
Settlements of warranty claims |  |  | (206 | ) |  |  | (168 | ) |  |  | (624 | ) |  |  | (521 | )
Warranty, end of period |  | $ | 773 |  |  | $ | 663 |  |  | $ | 773 |  |  | $ | 663 |

Operating Leases - Right of Use Assets

The Company determines whether an arrangement is a lease at inception. The Company leases office and warehouse spaces that provide for future minimum rental lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases that have remaining lease terms of one year to nine years, and do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The components of the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities were as follows:

|  | Balance Sheet Classification |  | September 30, 2024 |
|  |  |  | (in thousands) |
Right-of-use assets |  | Other assets |  | $ | 8,576 |
Lease liability obligations, current |  | Other current liabilities |  | $ | 1,786 |
Lease liability obligations, noncurrent |  | Other liabilities |  |  | 7,667 |
Total lease liability obligations |  |  |  | $ | 9,453 |
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years) |  |  |  |  | 4.5 |
Weighted-average discount rate |  |  |  |  | 8.5 | %

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recognized approximately $1.2 million of lease costs in operating expenses and approximately $1.5 million of operating cash flows from operating leases. During the nine months ended September 30, 204, the Company recorded a right-of-use asset impairment charge of $0.8 million related to the exit of a leased warehouse facility. This charge was recorded within the Acquisition-related cost line within the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

Approximate future minimum lease payments for the Company’s right of use assets over the remaining lease periods as of September 30, 2024, are as follows:

|  | (in thousands) |
2024 |  | $ | 594 |
2025 |  |  | 2,377 |
2026 |  |  | 2,329 |
2027 |  |  | 2,300 |
2028 |  |  | 1,291 |
Thereafter |  |  | 2,036 |
Total minimum payments |  |  | 10,927 |
Less: Imputed interest |  |  | (1,474 | )
Total |  | $ | 9,453 |

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our operations should be read together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with our audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 13, 2024 (the “Annual Report.”)

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements in this report are indicated by words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “believes,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “projects,” “strategies” and similar expressions or negatives thereof. Caution should be taken not to place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements because they involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in, or reasonably inferred from, such statements. Forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, the Company's management and are made only as of the date hereof. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise the forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by the federal securities laws. In addition, forward-looking statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties, including those described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that could cause actual results to differ materially from the Company's historical experience and its present expectations or projections.

Business Overview

Turtle Beach Corporation (“Turtle Beach” or the “Company”), headquartered in White Plains, New York, and incorporated in the state of Nevada in 2010, is a premier audio and gaming technology company with expertise and experience in developing, commercializing, and marketing innovative products across a range of large addressable markets under the Turtle Beach®, PDP® and ROCCAT® brands. The Turtle Beach® brand is a market share leader in console gaming headsets with a vast portfolio of headsets designed to be compatible with the latest Xbox, PlayStation, and Nintendo consoles, as well as for personal computers (“PCs”) and mobile/tablet devices. Turtle Beach Corporation’s PC product portfolio includes headsets, gaming keyboards, mice and other gaming accessories focused on the PC gaming platform. Recently, Turtle Beach expanded its brand beyond gaming headsets and began making game controllers, gaming flight simulation and racing simulation accessories. Acquired in March 2024, PDP is a gaming accessories leader that designs and distributes video game accessories, including controllers, headsets, power supplies, cases, and other accessories.

Business Trends

Turtle Beach operates in an overall $200 billion global games and accessories market. The global gaming audience now exceeds global cinema and music markets with over three billion active gamers worldwide. Gaming peripherals, such as headsets, keyboards, mice, microphones, controllers, and simulation controls are estimated to be an $11.0 billion business globally.

The console and PC gaming accessory markets are driven by major game launches and long-running franchises that encourage players to continually buy equipment and accessories. On Xbox, PlayStation, Nintendo Switch and PC, flagship games like Call of Duty, Destiny, Star Wars: Battlefront, Battlefield, Grand Theft Auto, and battle royale games like Fortnite, Call of Duty Warzone, Apex Legends, and PlayerUnknown’s Battlegrounds, are examples of major franchises that prominently feature online multiplayer modes that encourage communication and drive increased demand for gaming headsets. Many of these established franchises launch new titles annually, leading into the holidays and as a result can cause an additional boost to the normally strong holiday sales for gaming accessories.

Many gamers play online where a gaming headset, which includes a microphone, is required because it allows players to communicate with each other in real-time, provides a more immersive experience, and delivers a competitive advantage.

Console Headset Market

Turtle Beach is the leading console gaming headset manufacturer in the U.S. and other major console markets. Turtle Beach has achieved these global market shares by delivering high-quality products that often include first-to-market innovations, robust features, superior sound, unmatched comfort, and top customer support – all key factors that consumers seek when shopping for a gaming headset.

The global market for console gaming headsets, in which Turtle Beach has been the market leader for the past 14 years, is estimated to be approximately $1.5 billion. PlayStation and Xbox consoles continue to be the dominant gaming platforms in North America and Europe for games that drive headset usage. Consistent with a historical pattern of major new console launches every 7-8 years, Microsoft and Sony launched their latest consoles, Xbox Series X|S and PlayStation 5, ahead of the 2020 holiday season.

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Nintendo has sold over 140 million units of its highly popular Nintendo Switch since the platform's release in early 2017. Nintendo continues adding and expanding its library of games, including an increased number of multiplayer chat-enabled games. Nintendo also sells the Nintendo Switch Lite, a follow-on product that offers gamers the hand-held only version of their popular gaming console.
PC Accessories Market

The market for PC gaming headsets, mice, and keyboards is estimated to be approximately $3.3 billion. PC gaming continues to be a main gaming platform in the U.S. and internationally, similarly driven by popular AAA game launches, by popular PC-specific esports leagues, teams, and players, content creators, and influencers, and with the introduction of cross-platform play – where PC gamers can play online against other gamers playing the same game on an Xbox, PlayStation, or Nintendo Switch. While most games are available on multiple platforms, gaming on PC offers advantages including improved graphics, increased speed and precision of mouse/keyboard controls, and the ability for deeper customization. Gaming mice and keyboards are engineered to provide gamers with high-end performance and a superior gaming experience through features such as fast key and button response times, improved materials and build quality, comfortable ergonomic designs, programmable keys and buttons, and software suites to customize and control devices and settings.

PC gaming mice come in a variety of different ergonomic shapes and sizes, are available in both wired and wireless models, offer different sensor options (optical or laser) and responsiveness, and often feature integrated RGB LED lighting and software to unify the lighting with other devices for a visually consistent PC gaming appearance. Similarly, PC gaming keyboards often deliver a competitive advantage by offering options for ultra-responsive mechanical and optical key switches that feel and sound different, as well as offer customizable lighting.

Gamepad/Controllers Market

The market for gamepad controllers is estimated to be approximately $0.7 billion, and shares the same retail footprint and consumer base that Turtle Beach gaming headsets compete in. Controllers now come in various ergonomic shapes, sizes, and colors. Gamers can even further customize their controllers with unique thumbsticks and better grips/textures, weights, and more. Game controllers also range in price from ~$40 to more than $300 for ultra premium options, with premium controllers featuring improved materials, cooling, swappable parts and more. Turtle Beach entered the controllers market in 2021 with the introduction of its wired Recon™ Controller for Xbox and PC. Turtle Beach then launched the lower-cost wired REACT-R™ Controller in 2022, as well as introduced the mobile focused Recon™ Cloud and Atom™ controllers. In 2023, Turtle Beach launched its first wireless controller for Xbox and PC, the premium Stealth™ Ultra controller. Turtle Beach’s controllers not only provide the same responsive, quality controls as first party controllers, but also offer Turtle Beach’s signature gaming audio experience when gamers connect a wired headset to the controller.

Gaming Simulation Accessories Market

The market for gaming simulation accessories is estimated to be approximately $1.2 billion. Flight and racing simulation gaming are more popular on higher-end PCs able to deliver the most realistic visuals. However, jumps in visual quality made possible in the latest consoles/games have made flight simulation gaming on Xbox more accessible. In 2020, Microsoft redefined the graphics flight sim gamers can expect while playing with the launch of the latest generation of its Flight Sim games and, in subsequent years, Microsoft expanded the game to Xbox Series X|S1, Xbox One, lower-end gaming PCs, and mobile via Xbox Cloud.

Long-running popular flight sim games like Flight Simulator 2024, X-Plane, and others allow pilots to learn to fly and pilot various aircraft through picture-perfect skies and scenery, with typical flight sim accessories including yokes and pedals, combat flightsticks, and HOTAS (Hands-On Throttle And Stick) controllers. The flight sim market is niche, but is supported by a dedicated, older fanbase willing to spend more on accessories to create the ultimate flight simulation setups, with a variety of expert pilots and creators showcasing their latest content on YouTube and other mediums. Turtle Beach launched the original VelocityOne Flight universal control system in 2021, followed by the VelocityOne™ Rudder and VelocityOne™ Stand in 2022, the VelocityOne™ Flightstick in 2023, and the VelocityOne™ Flightdeck HOTAS controller in 2024.

Racing simulation gaming follows a similar trajectory as flight simulation gaming. The audience of racing sim gamers is also niche, dedicated, slightly older and willing to spend more on creating high-end racing simulation setups predominantly on PC, but also on gaming consoles. There are also a variety of long-running, successful racing game franchises including Forza, Assetto Corsa, and more that allow drivers to get behind the wheel and experience the rush of racing. Typical racing simulation accessories include wheel and pedal setups, swappable steering wheels, shifters, handbrakes and more, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to thousands of dollars for the most involved simulators. Racing simulation fans also regularly create content and share with the community. Turtle Beach introduced its first VelocityOne™ Race racing simulation wheel and pedals setup in 2024, with additional racing sim accessory launches planned for the future.

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Supply Chain and Operations

We have a global network of suppliers that manufacture products to meet the quality standards sought by our customers and our cost objectives. We have worked closely with component, manufacturing, and global logistic partners to build a supply chain that we consider dependable, scalable, and efficient to provide high-quality, reliable products employing leading cost management practices. The use of outsourced manufacturing facilities is designed to take advantage of specific expertise and allow for flexibility and scalability to respond to both seasonality and changing demands for our products. While semiconductor availability and freight costs have significantly improved compared to 2022, we continue to closely monitor component availability and freight cost including global supply chain threats within the post-pandemic business environment.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth the Company’s statements of operations for the periods presented:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Net revenue |  | $ | 94,363 |  |  | $ | 59,158 |  |  | $ | 226,689 |  |  | $ | 158,584 |
Cost of revenue |  |  | 60,232 |  |  |  | 41,469 |  |  |  | 151,696 |  |  |  | 114,884 |
Gross profit |  |  | 34,131 |  |  |  | 17,689 |  |  |  | 74,993 |  |  |  | 43,700 |
Operating expenses |  |  | 27,708 |  |  |  | 20,206 |  |  |  | 78,394 |  |  |  | 68,502 |
Operating income (loss) |  |  | 6,423 |  |  |  | (2,517 | ) |  |  | (3,401 | ) |  |  | (24,802 | )
Interest expense |  |  | 2,712 |  |  |  | 107 |  |  |  | 5,082 |  |  |  | 253 |
Other non-operating expense, net |  |  | 252 |  |  |  | 481 |  |  |  | 974 |  |  |  | 799 |
Income (loss) before income tax |  |  | 3,459 |  |  |  | (3,105 | ) |  |  | (9,457 | ) |  |  | (25,854 | )
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 501 |  |  |  | (5,501 | ) |  |  | 377 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 3,413 |  |  | $ | (3,606 | ) |  | $ | (3,956 | ) |  | $ | (26,231 | )

Net Revenue and Gross Profit

The following table summarizes net revenue and gross profit for the periods presented:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Net Revenue |  | $ | 94,363 |  |  | $ | 59,158 |  |  | $ | 226,689 |  |  | $ | 158,584 |
Gross Profit |  | $ | 34,131 |  |  | $ | 17,689 |  |  | $ | 74,993 |  |  | $ | 43,700 |
Gross Margin |  |  | 36.2 | % |  |  | 29.9 | % |  |  | 33.1 | % |  |  | 27.6 | %

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023

Net revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2024 was $94.4 million, a $35.2 million increase from $59.2 million driven by incremental revenue from the PDP acquisition and growth in our product markets.

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, gross margin increased to 36.2%, inclusive of a $0.8 million purchase accounting driven charge to step-up the value of PDP inventory at the time of acquisition and a $1.2 million reserve for ROCCAT inventory on-hand as part of the PC product brand transition to Turtle Beach, from 29.9% in the comparable prior year period. Excluding these two charges, gross margins improved to 38.3% as a result of lower promotional spend and freight costs.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

Net revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $226.7 million, a $68.1 million increase from $158.6 million driven by incremental revenue from the PDP acquisition and growth in our product markets.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, gross margin increased to 33.1%, inclusive of a $2.1 million purchase accounting driven charge to step-up the value of PDP inventory at the time of acquisition and a $2.8 million reserve for ROCCAT inventory on-hand as part of

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the PC product brand transition to Turtle Beach, from 27.6% in the comparable prior year period. Excluding these two charges, gross margins improved to 35.2% as a result of lower promotional spend and freight costs

Operating Expenses

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Selling and marketing |  | $ | 13,535 |  |  | $ | 10,583 |  |  | $ | 36,289 |  |  | $ | 30,457 |
Research and development |  |  | 4,311 |  |  |  | 4,380 |  |  |  | 12,802 |  |  |  | 12,670 |
General and administrative |  |  | 6,352 |  |  |  | 5,243 |  |  |  | 19,489 |  |  |  | 25,375 |
Subtotal operating expenses |  |  | 24,198 |  |  |  | 20,206 |  |  |  | 68,580 |  |  |  | 68,502 |
Acquisition-related cost |  |  | 3,510 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,814 |  |  |  | — |
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 27,708 |  |  | $ | 20,206 |  |  | $ | 78,394 |  |  | $ | 68,502 |

Selling and Marketing

Selling and marketing expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $13.5 million and $36.3 million, respectively, compared to $10.6 million and $30.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, due to incremental intangible assets amortization and operating expenses related to the PDP acquisition, and integration related severance costs.

Research and Development

Research and development costs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $4.3 million and $12.8 million, respectively, compared to $4.4 million and $12.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, which reflects incremental expense related to the PDP acquisition and certain integration related severance partially offset by lower headcount and costs associated with our product portfolio rationalization initiatives.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $6.4 million compared to $5.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 reflective of incremental costs from PDP operations and certain professional service costs.

General and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $19.5 million compared to $25.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Excluding $2.5 million of activism related costs, but inclusive of incremental costs from PDP operations, expenses decreased $3.4 million primarily due to lower severance and non-cash stock-based compensation.

Acquisition-related cost

Acquisition-related costs included costs incurred in connection with acquisitions including professional fees such as legal and accounting along with other certain integration related costs of the acquisition.

Income Taxes

Income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was ($5.5) million at an effective tax rate of 58.2% compared to income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 of $0.4 million at an effective tax rate of (1.5%). The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily impacted the by the reversal of a portion of the Company’s deferred tax asset valuation allowance.

Key Performance Indicators and Non-GAAP Measures

Management routinely reviews key performance indicators, including revenue, operating income and margins, and earnings per share, among others. In addition, we believe certain other measures provide useful information to management and investors about us and our financial condition and results of operations for the following reasons: (i) they are measures used by our Board of Directors and management team to evaluate our operating performance; (ii) they are measures used by our management team to make day-to-day operating decisions; (iii) the adjustments made are often viewed as either non-recurring or not reflective of ongoing financial performance and/or have no cash impact on operations; and (iv) the measures are used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties as a common operating performance measure to compare results across companies in our industry by adjusting for potential differences caused by variations in capital structures

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(affecting relative interest expense), and the age and book value of facilities and equipment (affecting relative depreciation and amortization expense). These other metrics, however, are not measures of financial performance under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and given the limitations of these metrics as analytical tools, should not be considered a substitute for gross profit, gross margins, net income (loss) or other consolidated income statement data as determined in accordance with GAAP.

We believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA, defined as net income (loss) before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation (non-cash) and certain non-recurring special items that we believe are not representative of core operations, is appropriate to provide additional information to investors about our operating profitability adjusted for certain non-cash items, non-routine items that we do not expect to continue at the same level in the future, as well as other items that are not core to our operations. Further, we believe Adjusted EBITDA provides a meaningful measure of operating profitability because we use it for evaluating our business performance, making budgeting decisions, and comparing our performance against that of other peer companies using similar measures. However, Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure of financial performance under GAAP and, given the limitations of these metrics as analytical tools, should not be considered a substitute for gross profit, gross margins, net income (loss) or other consolidated income statement data as determined in accordance with GAAP.

Adjusted EBITDA (and a reconciliation to Net income (loss), the nearest GAAP financial measure) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023, are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 3,413 |  |  | $ | (3,606 | ) |  | $ | (3,956 | ) |  | $ | (26,231 | )
Interest expense (income) |  |  | 2,712 |  |  |  | 107 |  |  |  | 5,082 |  |  |  | 253 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 3,322 |  |  |  | 1,212 |  |  |  | 8,104 |  |  |  | 3,673 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 1,496 |  |  |  | 1,625 |  |  |  | 3,447 |  |  |  | 8,554 |
Income tax benefit (1) |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 501 |  |  |  | (5,501 | ) |  |  | 377 |
Restructuring expense (2) |  |  | 910 |  |  |  | 1,104 |  |  |  | 1,657 |  |  |  | 1,104 |
CEO transition related costs (3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,874 |
Acquisition-related cost (4) |  |  | 3,510 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,814 |  |  |  | — |
Incremental costs on acquired inventory (5) |  |  | 833 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,084 |  |  |  | — |
Proxy contest and other (6) |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | 94 |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 1,936 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 16,268 |  |  | $ | 1,037 |  |  | $ | 20,761 |  |  | $ | (7,460 | )

(1)
An income tax benefit of $6.9 million was recorded as a result of the reversal of a portion of the Company’s deferred tax asset valuation allowance.
(2)
Restructuring charges are expenses that are paid in connection with reorganization of our operations. These costs primarily include severance and related benefits.
(3)
CEO transition related expense includes one-time costs associated with the separation of its former CEO. Such costs included severance, bonus, medical benefits and the tax impact of accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation.
(4)
Business transaction expense includes one-time costs we incurred in connection with acquisitions including warehouse lease impairment, professional fees such as legal and accounting along with other certain integration related costs.
(5)
Costs relate to the step up of acquired finished goods inventory to fair market value as required under purchase accounting. This step up in value over original cost is recorded as a charge to cost of revenue as such inventory is sold.
(6)
Proxy contest and other primarily includes one-time legal and other professional fees associated with proxy challenges presented by certain shareholder activists in 2023.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of working capital are cash flow from operations and availability of capital under our revolving credit facility. We have funded operations and acquisitions in recent periods with operating cash flows and proceeds from debt and equity financings.

The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash:

|  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |
|  | (in thousands) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  | $ | 18,726 |  |  | $ | 11,396 |
Net cash provided (used for) by operating activities |  |  | (8,553 | ) |  |  | 7,944 |
Net cash used for investing activities |  |  | (80,686 | ) |  |  | (1,924 | )
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities |  |  | 82,665 |  |  |  | (5,128 | )
Effect of foreign exchange on cash |  |  | 1,651 |  |  |  | 52 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 13,803 |  |  | $ | 12,340 |

Operating activities

Cash used for operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $8.6 million, a decrease of $16.5 million as compared to $7.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease is primarily the result of certain acquisition-related business costs.

Investing activities

Cash used for investing activities was $80.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, which was primarily related to the acquisition of the Performance Designed Products business, compared to $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 related to certain capital investments.

Financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $82.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to net cash used for financing activities of $5.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 consisted primarily of $58.6 million net borrowings, the $50 million term loan and $3.0 million of stock option exercise proceeds, partially offset by $25.3 million of share repurchases, $2.9 million of debt issuance costs and $0.7 million of term loan repayments.

Management assessment of liquidity

Management believes that our current cash and cash equivalents, the amounts available under our revolving credit facility and cash flows derived from operations will be sufficient to meet anticipated short-term and long-term funding for working capital and capital expenditures including amounts to develop new products, fund future stock repurchases and to pursue strategic opportunities. Significant assumptions underlie this belief, including, among other things, that there will be no material adverse developments in our business, liquidity or capital requirements, or strategic opportunities that require additional capital.

In addition, the Company monitors the capital markets on an ongoing basis and may consider raising capital if favorable market conditions develop.

Foreign cash balances at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were $3.8 million and $8.0 million, respectively.

Revolving Credit Facility

On March 5, 2018, Turtle Beach and certain of its subsidiaries entered into an amended and restated loan, guaranty and security agreement (the “Credit Facility”) with Bank of America, N.A. (“Bank of America”), as administrative agent, collateral agent and security trustee for Lenders (as defined therein), which replaced the then existing asset-based revolving loan agreement. The Credit Facility was amended on each of December 17, 2018, May 31, 2019, and March 10, 2023. The Credit Facility, as amended, expires on March 13, 2027 and provides for a line of credit of up to $50 million inclusive of a sub-facility limit of $10 million for TB Europe, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Turtle Beach.

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On March 13, 2024, the Company entered into a Fourth Amendment, dated as of March 13, 2024 (the “Fourth Amendment”), by and among the Company, VTB, TBC Holding Company LLC, TB Europe, VTBH, the financial institutions party thereto from time to time and Bank of America, as administrative agent, collateral agent and security trustee for the lenders.

The Fourth Amendment provided for, among other things: (i) the acquisition of PDP; (ii) revised the calculation of the U.S. Borrowing Base to include certain acquired assets of PDP equal to the lesser of (a) the sum of the accounts formula amount and the inventory formula amount (each as defined in the Fourth Amendment), (b) $15,000,000, and (c) 30% of the aggregate Revolver Commitments; (iii) extending the maturity date of the Credit Facility from April 1, 2025 to March 13, 2027; and (iv) updated the interest rate and margin terms such that the loans will bear interest at a rate equal to (1) SOFR, (2) the U.S. Base Rate, (3) the Sterling Overnight Index Average Reference Rate (“SONIA”) for loans denominated in Sterling, and (4) the Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EUIBOR”) for loans denominated in Euros, plus in each case, an applicable margin, which is between 0.50% and 2.50% for Base Rate Loans and 1.75% and 3.50% for Term SOFR Loans, SONIA Rate Loans and EUIBOR Loans.

The maximum credit availability for loans and letters of credit under the Credit Facility is governed by a borrowing base determined by the application of specified percentages to certain eligible assets, primarily eligible trade accounts receivable and inventories, and is subject to discretionary reserves and revaluation adjustments. The Credit Facility may be used for working capital, the issuance of bank guarantees, letters of credit and other corporate purposes.

Amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to (i) a rate published by Bank of America or the U.S. Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index (“BSBY”) rate for loans denominated in U.S. Dollars, (ii) the Sterling Overnight Index Average Reference Rate (“SONIA”) for loans denominated in Sterling, (iii) and the Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EUIBOR”) for loans denominated in Euros, plus in each case, an applicable margin, which is between 0.50% to 2.50% for base rate loans and UK base rate loans, and 1.75% to 3.50% for U.S. BSBY rate loans, U.S. BSBY daily floating rate loans and UK alternative currency loans. In addition, Turtle Beach is required to pay a commitment fee on the unused revolving loan commitment at a rate ranging from 0.375% to 0.50% and letter of credit fees and agent fees. As of September 30, 2024, interest rates for outstanding borrowings were 8.60% for base rate loans and 6.70% for Term SOFR loans.

The Company is subject to quarterly financial covenant testing if certain availability thresholds are not met or certain other events occur (as set forth in the Credit Facility). At such times, the Credit Facility requires the Company and its restricted subsidiaries to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.00 to 1.00 as of the last day of each fiscal quarter.

The Credit Facility also contains affirmative and negative covenants that, subject to certain exceptions, limit our ability to take certain actions, including the Company’s ability to incur debt, pay dividends and repurchase stock, make certain investments and other payments, enter into certain mergers and consolidations, engage in sale leaseback transactions and transactions with affiliates, and encumber and dispose of assets. Obligations under the Credit Facility are secured by a security interest and lien upon substantially all of the Company’s assets.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants under the Credit Facility, as amended, and excess borrowing availability was approximately $21.1 million.

Term Loan

On March 13, 2024, Turtle Beach and certain of its subsidiaries entered into a new financing agreement with Blue Torch Finance, LLC, (“Blue Torch”), pursuant to which Blue Torch for an aggregate amount of $50 million (the “Term Loan Facility”), the proceeds of which were used to (i) fund a portion of the PDP acquisition purchase price; (ii) repay certain existing indebtedness of the acquired business; (iii) to pay fees and expenses related to such transactions and (iv) for general corporate purposes. The Term Loan Facility will amortize in a monthly amount equal to 0.208333% during the first two years and 0.416667% during the third year and may be prepaid at any time subject to a prepayment premium during the first year of the interest payments payable during the first year plus 3.00%. The Term Loan Facility is secured by substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries which are party to the Term Loan Facility.

The Term Loan Facility (a) matures on March 13, 2027; (b) bears interest at a rate equal to (i) a base rate plus 7.25% per annum for Reference Rate Loans and Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus 8.25% per annum for SOFR Loans if the total net leverage ratio is greater than or equal to 2.25x and (ii) a base rate plus 6.75% per annum for Reference Rate Loans and SOFR plus 7.75% per annum for SOFR Loans if the total net leverage ratio is less than 2.25x; and (c) is subject to certain affirmative, negative and financial covenants, including a minimum liquidity covenant and a quarterly total net leverage ratio covenant. As of September 30, 2024, interest rates for outstanding borrowings was 13.11%.

On August 7, 2024, the Company and Blue Torch amended the Term Loan Facility to, among other things, permit the Company to repurchase Company common stock in an aggregate amount not to exceed $30 million prior to March 31, 2025, subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. The other material terms of the Term Loan Facility were unchanged.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants under the Term Loan Facility.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our results of operations and capital resources are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Management bases its estimates, assumptions and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances.

Different assumptions and judgments would change the estimates used in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements, which, in turn, could change the results from those reported. Management evaluates its estimates, assumptions and judgments on an ongoing basis. For a discussion of the critical estimates that affect the condensed consolidated financial statements, see “Critical Accounting Estimates” included in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report.

See Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contained herein for a complete discussion of recent accounting pronouncements. We are currently evaluating the impact of certain recently issued guidance on our financial condition and results of operations in future periods.

Item 3 - Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. The Company’s market risk exposure is primarily a result of fluctuations in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and inflation.

The Company has used derivative financial instruments, specifically foreign currency forward and option contracts, to manage exposure to foreign currency risks, by hedging a portion of its forecasted expenses denominated in British Pounds expected to occur within a year. The effect of exchange rate changes on foreign currency forward and option contracts is expected to offset the effect of exchange rate changes on the underlying hedged item. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we did not have any derivative financial instruments.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

The Company has exchange rate exposure primarily with respect to the British Pound and Euro. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our monetary assets and liabilities that are subject to this exposure are immaterial, therefore the potential immediate loss to us that would result from a hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates would not be expected to have a material impact on our earnings or cash flows. This sensitivity analysis assumes an unfavorable 10% fluctuation in the exchange rates affecting the foreign currencies in which monetary assets and liabilities are denominated and does not take into account the offsetting effect of such a change on our foreign currency denominated revenues.

Inflation Risk

The Company is exposed to market risk due to inflationary pressures affecting our costs and demand for the products we sell. In recent years, our business has been affected by global supply chain constraints and unfavorable changes in economic or political conditions in the countries and markets where we operate. Such inflationary pressures have been and could continue to be exacerbated by higher oil prices, geopolitical turmoil, and economic policy actions and could lead to a recessionary environment. Inflationary pressures can also have a negative impact on demand for the products we sell. Reduced or delayed discretionary spending by consumers in response to inflationary pressures has reduced consumer demand for our products, resulting in reduced sales.

We continue to experience the on-going impacts of a higher interest rate environment, as compared to prior years, which resulted in higher cost of goods, selling expenses, and general and administrative expenses. Such increases have had and may continue to have a negative impact on the Company’s profit margins if selling prices of products do not increase with the increased costs.

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Item 4 - Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13(a)-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), are designed to ensure that (1) information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms; and (2) that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. At the conclusion of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision of our Principal Executive Officer (or PEO) and our Principal Financial Officer (or PFO), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, our PEO and PFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act, were effective as of September 30, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting, except that on March 13, 2024, the Company acquired PDP. United States Securities and Exchange Commission guidance allows companies to exclude acquisitions from their assessment of the internal control over financial reporting during the first year following an acquisition. The Company has integrated PDP’s operations into its overall system of internal control over financial reporting.

Our process for evaluating controls and procedures is continuous and encompasses constant improvement of the design and effectiveness of established controls and procedures and the remediation of any deficiencies, which may be identified during this process.

Because of the inherent limitations of internal control over financial reporting, including the possibility of collusion or improper management override of controls, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 - Lega l Proceedings

Please refer to Note 13, “Commitments and Contingencies” in the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated into this item by reference.

Item 1A - R isk Factors

There have been no material changes in the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Item 2 - Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On April 9, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to acquire up to $15.0 million of its common stock. Any repurchases under the program will be made from time to time on the open market at prevailing market prices. On April 1, 2021, the Board of Directors approved an extension and expansion of this stock repurchase program up to $25.0 million of its common shares, expiring April 9, 2023. On March 3, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a two-year extension of this stock repurchase plan. On April 9, 2024, the Board of Directors approved an additional expansion of this stock repurchase program to up to $55 million of the Company’s common shares.

|  | Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities |
|  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased As Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs |
Period |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
July 1-31, 2024 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
August 1-31, 2024 |  |  | 323,940 |  |  | $ | 14.84 |  |  |  | 4,808,876 |  |  |  | — |
September 1-30, 2024 |  |  | 364,449 |  |  | $ | 14.61 |  |  |  | 5,323,310 |  |  | $ | 21,276,667 |
Total |  |  | 688,389 |  |  | $ | 14.72 |  |  |  | 10,132,186 |  |  |  |

Item 5 - Othe r Information

None of our directors or executive officers adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan, or a "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" (as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K) during the three months ended September 30, 2024.

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Item 6. Exhibits

3.1 |  |  | Articles of Incorporation of Turtle Beach Corporation, as amended (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 6, 2018).
3.2 |  |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Turtle Beach Corporation, amended and restated as of April 22, 2024 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 23, 2024).
10.1 |  |  | Amendment No. 1 to Financing Agreement, dated August 7, 2024, by and among Turtle Beach Corporation, Voyetra Turtle Beach, Inc., VTB Holdings, Inc., each other loan party, the lenders from time to time party thereto, and Blue Torch Finance, LLC, as collateral agent and administrative agent (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 13, 2024).
10.2 |  |  | Extension Letter Agreement to the Amended and Restated Loan, Guaranty and Security Agreement, dated August 7, 2024, by and among Turtle Beach Corporation, Voyetra Turtle Beach, Inc., Turtle Beach Europe Limited, and Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, collateral agent and security trustee for the lenders (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 13, 2024).
31.1 ** |  | Certification of Cris Keirn, Principal Executive Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 ** |  | Certification of John T. Hanson, Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) of the Exchange Act, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 ** |  | Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, executed by Cris Keirn, Principal Executive Officer and John Hanson, Principal Financial Officer.
|  |  | Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) Exhibits
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

** Filed herewith.

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SIGNAT URES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  |  | TURTLE BEACH CORPORATION
Date: | November 7, 2024 |  | By: | /s/ JOHN T. HANSON
|  |  |  | John T. Hanson Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
|  |  |  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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