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Allowance for Loan Losses
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2011
Allowance for Loan Losses [Abstract] 
Allowance for Loan Losses
Note 4. Allowance for Loan Losses

The Company provides for loan losses through the establishment of an allowance for loan losses which represents an estimated reserve for existing losses in the loan portfolio. A systematic methodology is used for determining the allowance that includes a quarterly review process, risk rating changes, and adjustments to the allowance. The loan portfolio is classified in eight segments and credit risk is evaluated separately in each segment. The appropriate level of the allowance is evaluated continually based on a review of significant loans, with a particular emphasis on nonaccruing, past due, and other loans that may require special attention. Other factors include general conditions in local and national economies; loan portfolio composition and asset quality indicators; and internal factors such as changes in underwriting policies, credit administration practices, experience, ability and depth of lending management, among others. The allowance consists of four elements: (1) specific reserves for loans evaluated individually for impairment; (2) general reserves for each portfolio segment based on historical loan loss experience, (3) qualitative reserves judgmentally adjusted for local and national economic conditions, concentrations, portfolio composition, volume and severity of delinquencies and nonaccrual loans, trends of criticized and classified loans, changes in credit policies, and underwriting standards, credit administration practices, and other factors as applicable for each portfolio segment; and (4) unallocated reserves. All outstanding loans are considered in evaluating the appropriateness of the allowance. A breakdown of the allowance for loan losses as of September 30, 2011, and December 31, 2010, by loan segment and allowance element, is presented in the following tables:

 As of September 30, 2011
 
Specific Reserves on Loans Evaluated Individually for Impairment
  
General Reserves Based on Historical Loss Experience
  
Reserves for Qualitative Factors
  
Unallocated
Reserves
  
Total Reserves
 
Commercial
               
   Real estate
 $636,000  $2,547,000  $4,273,000  $-  $7,456,000 
   Construction
  -   300,000   504,000   -   804,000 
   Other
  352,000   952,000   1,597,000   -   2,901,000 
Municipal
  -   -   19,000   -   19,000 
Residential
                    
   Term
  398,000   553,000   493,000   -   1,444,000 
   Construction
  82,000   20,000   18,000   -   120,000 
Home Equity Line of Credit
  95,000   130,000   349,000   -   574,000 
Consumer
  64,000   313,000   238,000   -   615,000 
Unallocated
  -   -   -   1,386,000   1,386,000 
   $1,627,000  $4,815,000  $7,491,000  $1,386,000  $15,319,000 


 As of December 31, 2010
 
Specific Reserves on Loans Evaluated Individually for Impairment
  
General Reserves Based on Historical Loss Experience
  
Reserves for Qualitative Factors
  
Unallocated Reserves
  
Total Reserves
 
Commercial
               
   Real estate
 $192,000  $2,183,000  $2,885,000  $-  $5,260,000 
   Construction
  152,000   370,000   490,000   -   1,012,000 
   Other
  291,000   899,000   1,187,000   -   2,377,000 
Municipal
  -   -   19,000   -   19,000 
Residential
                    
   Term
  432,000   401,000   575,000   -   1,408,000 
   Construction
  -   18,000   26,000   -   44,000 
Home Equity Line of Credit
  122,000   72,000   476,000   -   670,000 
Consumer
  67,000   324,000   255,000   -   646,000 
Unallocated
  -   -   -   1,880,000   1,880,000 
   $1,256,000  $4,267,000  $5,913,000  $1,880,000  $13,316,000 




Commercial loans are comprised of three major categories, commercial real estate loans, commercial construction loans and other commercial loans. Commercial real estate is primarily comprised of loans to small businesses collateralized by owner-occupied real estate, while other commercial is primarily comprised of loans to small businesses collateralized by plant and equipment, commercial fishing vessels and gear, and limited inventory-based
lending. Commercial real estate loans typically have a maximum loan-to-value of 75% based upon current appraisal information at the time the loan is made. Construction loans comprise a very small portion of the portfolio, and at 35.0% of capital are well under the regulatory guidance of 100.0% of capital. Construction and non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loans are at 99.0% of total capital, well under regulatory guidance of 300.0% of capital. Municipal loans are comprised of loans to municipalities in Maine for capitalized expenditures, construction projects or tax-anticipation notes. All municipal loans are considered general obligations of the municipality and as such are collateralized by the taxing ability of the municipality for repayment of debt.
The process of establishing the allowance with respect to our commercial loan portfolio begins when a loan officer initially assigns each loan a risk rating, using established credit criteria. Approximately 50% of our outstanding loans and commitments are subject to review and validation annually by an independent consulting firm, as well as periodically by our internal credit review function. The methodology employs Management’s judgment as to the level of losses on existing loans based on our internal review of the loan portfolio, including an analysis of a borrower’s current financial position, and the consideration of current and anticipated economic conditions and their potential effects on specific borrowers and or lines of business. In determining our ability to collect certain loans, we also consider the fair value of underlying collateral. The risk rating system has eight levels, defined as follows:

1      Strong
Credits rated “1” are characterized by borrowers fully responsible for the credit with excellent capacity to pay principal and interest. Loans rated “1” may be secured with acceptable forms of liquid collateral.
2      Above Average
Credits rated “2” are characterized by borrowers that have better than average liquidity, capitalization, earnings and/or cash flow with a consistent record of solid financial performance.
3      Satisfactory
Credits rated “3” are characterized by borrowers with favorable liquidity, profitability and financial condition with adequate cash flow to pay debt service.
4      Average
Credits rated “4” are characterized by borrowers that present risk more than 1, 2 and 3 rated loans and merit an ordinary level of ongoing monitoring. Financial condition is on par or somewhat below industry averages while cash flow is generally adequate to meet debt service requirements.
5      Watch
Credits rated “5” are characterized by borrowers that warrant greater monitoring due to financial condition or unresolved and identified risk factors.
6      Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM)
Loans in this category are currently protected but are potentially weak and constitute an undue and unwarranted credit risk, but not to the point of justifying a classification of substandard. OAEM have potential weaknesses which may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Bank’s credit position at some future date.
7      Substandard
Loans in this category are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Substandard loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank may sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
8      Doubtful
Loans classified “Doubtful” have the same weaknesses as those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined.



The following table summarizes the risk ratings for the Company’s commercial construction, commercial real estate, commercial other, and municipal loans as of September 30, 2011:

   
Commercial
Construction
  
Commercial
Real Estate
  
Commercial
Other
  
Municipal
Loans
  
All Risk-
Rated Loans
 
1 Strong
 $-  $28,000  $351,000  $2,214,000  $2,593,000 
2 Above Average
  10,000   20,546,000   3,444,000   10,930,000   34,930,000 
3 Satisfactory
  1,665,000   36,693,000   14,408,000   3,896,000   56,662,000 
4 Average
  14,564,000   113,350,000   35,808,000   2,813,000   166,535,000 
5 Watch
  5,222,000   40,518,000   15,235,000   -   60,975,000 
6 OAEM
  4,007,000   14,964,000   4,522,000   -   23,493,000 
7 Substandard
  4,877,000   31,811,000   22,271,000   -   58,959,000 
8 Doubtful
  -   -   6,000   -   6,000 
Total
 $30,345,000  $257,910,000  $96,045,000  $19,853,000  $404,153,000 

The following table summarizes the risk ratings for the Company’s commercial construction, commercial real estate, commercial other, and municipal loans as of December 31, 2010:

   
Commercial
Construction
  
Commercial
Real Estate
  
Commercial
Other
  
Municipal
Loans
  
All Risk-
Rated Loans
 
1 Strong
 $-  $48,000  $395,000  $2,481,000  $2,924,000 
2 Above Average
  10,000   20,365,000   4,483,000   11,453,000   36,311,000 
3 Satisfactory
  4,694,000   42,600,000   16,052,000   4,900,000   68,246,000 
4 Average
  22,177,000   107,167,000   41,972,000   2,999,000   174,315,000 
5 Watch
  6,347,000   27,898,000   12,203,000   -   46,448,000 
6 OAEM
  3,715,000   19,496,000   6,463,000   -   29,674,000 
7 Substandard
  4,926,000   27,966,000   19,894,000   -   52,786,000 
8 Doubtful
  -   -   -   -   - 
 Total
 $41,869,000  $245,540,000  $101,462,000  $21,833,000  $410,704,000 

Commercial loans are generally charged off when all or a portion of the principal amount is determined to be uncollectable. This determination is based on circumstances specific to a borrower including repayment ability, analysis of collateral and other factors as applicable.
Residential loans are comprised of two categories: term loans, which include traditional amortizing home mortgages, and construction loans, which include loans for owner-occupied residential construction. Residential loans typically have a 75% to 80% loan to value based upon current appraisal information at the time the loan is made. Home equity loans and lines of credit are typically written to the same underwriting standards. Consumer loans are primarily amortizing loans to individuals collateralized by automobiles, pleasure craft and recreation vehicles, typically with a maximum loan to value of 80%-90% of the purchase price of the collateral. Consumer loans also include a small amount of unsecured short-term time notes to individuals.
Residential loans, consumer loans and home equity lines of credit are segregated into homogeneous pools with similar risk characteristics. Trends and current conditions are analyzed and historical loss experience is adjusted accordingly. Quantitative and qualitative adjustment factors for these segments are consistent with those for the commercial and municipal segments. Certain loans in the residential, home equity lines of credit and consumer segments identified as having the potential for further deterioration are analyzed individually to confirm impairment status, and to determine the need for a specific reserve, however there is no formal rating system used for these segments. Consumer loans greater than 120 days past due are generally charged off. Residential loans 90 days or more past due are placed on non-accrual status unless the loans are both well secured and in the process of collection.
There were no changes to the Company’s accounting policies or methodology used to estimate the allowance for loan losses during the nine months ended September 30, 2011. Allowance for loan losses transactions for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2011 and for the year ended December 31, 2010 were as follows:


 For the nine months ended
 
Commercial
  
Municipal
  
Residential
  
Home Equity
  
Consumer
  
Unallocated
  
Total
 
September 30, 2011
 
Real Estate
  
Construction
  
Other
     
Term
  
Construction
  
Line of Credit
          
Allowance for loan losses:
                              
Beginning balance
 $5,260,000  $1,012,000  $2,377,000  $19,000  $1,408,000  $44,000  $670,000  $646,000  $1,880,000  $13,316,000 
Charge offs
  835,000   -   942,000   13,000   1,013,000   505,000   240,000   298,000   -   3,846,000 
Recoveries
  8,000   -   33,000   14,000   5,000   -   1,000   188,000   -   249,000 
Provision
  3,023,000   (208,000)  1,433,000   (1,000)  1,044,000   581,000   143,000   79,000   (494,000)  5,600,000 
Ending balance
 $7,456,000  $804,000  $2,901,000  $19,000  $1,444,000  $120,000  $574,000  $615,000  $1,386,000  $15,319,000 
Ending balance specifically evaluated for impairment
 $636,000  $-  $352,000  $-  $398,000  $82,000  $95,000  $64,000  $-  $1,627,000 
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment
 $6,820,000  $804,000  $2,549,000  $19,000  $1,046,000  $38,000  $479,000  $551,000  $1,386,000  $13,692,000 
Related loan balances:
                                        
Ending balance
 $257,910,000  $30,345,000  $96,045,000  $19,853,000  $329,730,000  $12,061,000  $105,891,000  $16,738,000  $-  $868,573,000 
Ending balance specifically evaluated for impairment
 $7,739,000  $792,000  $1,940,000  $-  $16,067,000  $396,000  $1,234,000  $102,000  $-  $28,270,000 
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment
 $250,171,000  $29,553,000  $94,105,000  $19,853,000  $313,663,000  $11,665,000  $104,657,000  $16,636,000  $-  $840,303,000 


 For the quarter ended
 
Commercial
  
Municipal
  
Residential
  
Home Equity
  
Consumer
  
Unallocated
  
Total
 
September 30, 2011
 
Real Estate
  
Construction
  
Other
     
Term
  
Construction
  
Line of Credit
          
Allowance for loan losses:
                              
Beginning balance
 $6,927,000  $702,000  $3,323,000  $19,000  $1,356,000  $35,000  $652,000  $664,000  $1,356,000  $15,034,000 
Charge offs
  -   -   623,000   -   316,000   -   195,000   142,000   -   1,276,000 
Recoveries
  3,000   -   12,000   2,000   1,000   -   -   43,000   -   61,000 
Provision
  526,000   102,000   189,000   (2,000)  403,000   85,000   117,000   50,000   30,000   1,500,000 
Ending balance
 $7,456,000  $804,000  $2,901,000  $19,000  $1,444,000  $120,000  $574,000  $615,000  $1,386,000  $15,319,000 
Ending balance specifically evaluated for impairment
 $636,000  $-  $352,000  $-  $398,000  $82,000  $95,000  $64,000  $-  $1,627,000 
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment
 $6,820,000  $804,000  $2,549,000  $19,000  $1,046,000  $38,000  $479,000  $551,000  $1,386,000  $13,692,000 
Related loan balances:
                                        
Ending balance
 $257,910,000  $30,345,000  $96,045,000  $19,853,000  $329,730,000  $12,061,000  $105,891,000  $16,738,000  $-  $868,573,000 
Ending balance specifically evaluated for impairment
 $7,739,000  $792,000  $1,940,000  $-  $16,067,000  $396,000  $1,234,000  $102,000  $-  $28,270,000 
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment
 $250,171,000  $29,553,000  $94,105,000  $19,853,000  $313,663,000  $11,665,000  $104,657,000  $16,636,000  $-  $840,303,000 





 For the year ended
 
Commercial
  
Municipal
  
Residential
  
Home Equity
  
Consumer
  
Unallocated
  
Total
 
December 31, 2010
 
Real Estate
  
Construction
  
Other
     
Term
  
Construction
  
Line of Credit
          
Allowance for loan losses:
                              
Beginning balance
 $4,986,000  $807,000  $3,363,000  $23,000  $1,198,000  $174,000  $515,000  $717,000  $1,854,000  $13,637,000 
Charge offs
  4,005,000   175,000   1,125,000   -   392,000   2,361,000   8,000   951,000   -   9,017,000 
Recoveries
  4,000   -   69,000   -   4,000   -   -   219,000   -   296,000 
Provision
  4,275,000   380,000   70,000   (4,000)  598,000   2,231,000   163,000   661,000   26,000   8,400,000 
Ending balance
 $5,260,000  $1,012,000  $2,377,000  $19,000  $1,408,000  $44,000  $670,000  $646,000  $1,880,000  $13,316,000 
Ending balance specifically evaluated for impairment
 $192,000  $152,000  $291,000  $-  $432,000  $-  $122,000  $67,000  $-  $1,256,000 
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment
 $5,068,000  $860,000  $2,086,000  $19,000  $976,000  $44,000  $548,000  $579,000  $1,880,000  $12,060,000 
Related loan balances:
                                        
Ending balance
 $245,540,000  $41,869,000  $101,462,000  $21,833,000  $337,927,000  $15,512,000  $105,297,000  $18,156,000  $-  $887,596,000 
Ending balance specifically evaluated for impairment
 $5,946,000  $937,000  $1,753,000  $-  $12,455,000  $3,567,000  $519,000  $106,000  $-  $25,283,000 
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment
 $239,594,000  $40,932,000  $99,709,000  $21,833,000  $325,472,000  $11,945,000  $104,778,000  $18,050,000  $-  $862,313,000 

 

A troubled debt restructure (“TDR”) constitutes a restructuring of debt if the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. To determine whether or not a loan should be classified as a TDR, Management evaluates a loan based upon the following criteria:
·  
The borrower demonstrates financial difficulty; common indicators include past due status with bank obligations, substandard credit bureau reports, or an inability to refinance with another lender, and
·  
The Company has granted a concession; common concession types include maturity date extension, interest rate adjustments to below market pricing, and deferment of payments.

As of September 30, 2011 the Company had 45 loans with a value of $10.5 million that have been restructured. This compares to 32 loans with a value of $5.1 million classified as TDRs as of September 30, 2010. The impairment carried as a specific reserve in the allowance for loan losses is calculated by present valuing the cashflow modification on the loan, or, for collateral-dependent loans, using the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell. The following table shows TDRs by class and the specific reserve as of September 30, 2011:

   
Number of Loans
  
Balance
  
Specific Reserves
 
Commercial
         
   Real estate
  1  $1,800,000  $19,000 
   Construction
  -   -   - 
   Other
  4   686,000   61,000 
Municipal
  -   -   - 
Residential
            
   Term
  40   7,981,000   248,000 
   Construction
  -   -   - 
Home Equity Line of Credit
  -   -   - 
Consumer
  -   -   - 
Unallocated
  -   -   - 
    45  $10,467,000  $328,000 

In the third quarter of 2011, 11 loans were placed on TDR status with an outstanding balance of $4.1 million. The commercial loans were classified as TDRs due to payment deferrals. The residential loans were classified as TDRs due to payment deferrals and extensions of maturity. The following table shows loans placed on TDR status by type of loan and the associated specific reserve included in the allowance for loan losses as of September 30, 2011:

   
Number of Loans
  
Pre-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment
  
Post-Modification Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
  
Specific Reserves
 
Commercial
            
   Real estate
  1  $1,800,000  $1,800,000  $19,000 
   Construction
  -   -   -   - 
   Other
  4   686,000   686,000   61,000 
Municipal
  -   -   -   - 
Residential
                
   Term
  6   1,660,000   1,660,000   99,000 
   Construction
  -   -   -   - 
Home Equity Line of Credit
  -   -   -   - 
Consumer
  -   -   -   - 
Unallocated
  -   -   -   - 
    11  $4,146,000  $4,146,000  $179,000 




In the first nine months of 2011, 15 loans were placed on TDR status with an outstanding balance of $5.5 million. The commercial loans were classified as TDRs due to payment deferrals. The residential loans were classified as TDRs due to payment deferrals and extensions of maturity. The following table shows loans placed on TDR status by type of loan and the associated specific reserve included in the allowance for loan losses as of September 30, 2011:

   
Number of Loans
  
Pre-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment
  
Post-Modification Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
  
Specific Reserves
 
Commercial
            
   Real estate
  1  $1,800,000  $1,800,000  $19,000 
   Construction
  -   -   -   - 
   Other
  4   686,000   686,000   61,000 
Municipal
  -   -   -   - 
Residential
                
   Term
  10   2,969,000   2,969,000   132,000 
   Construction
  -   -   -   - 
Home Equity Line of Credit
  -   -   -   - 
Consumer
  -   -   -   - 
Unallocated
  -   -   -   - 
    15  $5,455,000  $5,455,000  $212,000 

During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, 13 of the loans classified as TDRs with a total balance of $1.9 million were more than 30 days past due. Of these loans, four loans with an outstanding balance of $524,000 had been placed on TDR status in the previous 12 months. The following table shows these TDRs by type of loan and the associated specific reserves included in the allowance for loan losses as of September 30, 2011:

   
Number of Loans
  
Balance
  
Specific Reserves
 
Commercial
         
   Real estate
  -  $-  $- 
   Construction
  -   -   - 
   Other
  2   73,000   48,000 
Municipal
  -   -   - 
Residential
            
   Term
  2   451,000   7,000 
   Construction
  -   -   - 
Home Equity Line of Credit
  -   -   - 
Consumer
  -   -   - 
Unallocated
  -   -   - 
    4  $524,000  $55,000 

As of September 30, 2011, Management is aware of five loans classified as TDRs that are involved in bankruptcy with an outstanding balance of $749,000. As of September 30, 2011, there were 18 loans with an outstanding balance of $3.2 million that were classified as TDRs and were on non-accrual status.