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Allowance for Loan Losses
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2012
Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses, Provision for Loss, Net [Abstract]  
Allowance for Loan Losses

Note 4. Allowance for Loan Losses

The Company provides for loan losses through the establishment of an allowance for loan losses which represents an estimated reserve for existing losses in the loan portfolio. A systematic methodology is used for determining the allowance that includes a quarterly review process, risk rating changes, and adjustments to the allowance. The loan portfolio is classified in eight segments and credit risk is evaluated separately in each segment. The appropriate level of the allowance is evaluated continually based on a review of significant loans, with a particular emphasis on nonaccruing, past due, and other loans that may require special attention. Other factors include general conditions in local and national economies; loan portfolio composition and asset quality indicators; and internal factors such as changes in underwriting policies, credit administration practices, experience, ability and depth of lending management, among others. The allowance consists of four elements: (1) specific reserves for loans evaluated individually for impairment; (2) general reserves for each portfolio segment based on historical loan loss experience, (3) qualitative reserves judgmentally adjusted for local and national economic conditions, concentrations, portfolio composition, volume and severity of delinquencies and nonaccrual loans, trends of criticized and classified loans, changes in credit policies, and underwriting standards, credit administration practices, and other factors as applicable for each portfolio segment; and (4) unallocated reserves. All outstanding loans are considered in evaluating the appropriateness of the allowance. A breakdown of the allowance for loan losses as of March 31, 2012, December 31, 2011, and March 31, 2011, by class of financing receivable and allowance element, is presented in the following tables:

 As of March 31, 2012
 
Specific Reserves on Loans Evaluated Individually for Impairment
  
General Reserves Based on Historical Loss Experience
  
Reserves for Qualitative Factors
  
Unallocated
Reserves
  
Total Reserves
 
Commercial
               
   Real estate
 $944,000  $2,648,000  $2,270,000  $-  $5,862,000 
   Construction
  117,000   316,000   271,000   -   704,000 
   Other
  480,000   886,000   759,000   -   2,125,000 
Municipal
  -   -   19,000   -   19,000 
Residential
                    
   Term
  592,000   185,000   459,000   -   1,236,000 
   Construction
  49,000   2,000   8,000   -   59,000 
Home equity line of credit
  156,000   176,000   350,000   -   682,000 
Consumer
  10,000   319,000   239,000   -   568,000 
Unallocated
  -   -   -   1,699,000   1,699,000 
   $2,348,000  $4,532,000  $4,375,000  $1,699,000  $12,954,000 

 As of December 31, 2011
 
Specific Reserves on Loans Evaluated Individually for Impairment
  
General Reserves Based on Historical Loss Experience
  
Reserves for Qualitative Factors
  
Unallocated Reserves
  
Total Reserves
 
Commercial
               
   Real estate
 $808,000  $2,578,000  $2,273,000  $-  $5,659,000 
   Construction
  33,000   332,000   293,000   -   658,000 
   Other
  402,000   883,000   778,000   -   2,063,000 
Municipal
  -   -   19,000   -   19,000 
Residential
                    
   Term
  478,000   222,000   459,000   -   1,159,000 
   Construction
  235,000   6,000   14,000   -   255,000 
Home equity line of credit
  91,000   149,000   355,000   -   595,000 
Consumer
  11,000   331,000   242,000   -   584,000 
Unallocated
  -   -   -   2,008,000   2,008,000 
   $2,058,000  $4,501,000  $4,433,000  $2,008,000  $13,000,000 





 As of March 31, 2011
 
Specific Reserves Evaluated Individually for Impairment
  
General Reserves Based on Historical Loss Experience
  
Reserves for Qualitative Factors
  
Unallocated
Reserves
  
Total Reserves
 
Commercial
               
   Real estate
 $593,000  $2,536,000  $3,181,000  $-  $6,310,000 
   Construction
  -   284,000   355,000   -   639,000 
   Other
  326,000   980,000   1,229,000   -   2,535,000 
Municipal
  -   -   19,000   -   19,000 
Residential
                    
   Term
  381,000   457,000   567,000   -   1,405,000 
   Construction
  106,000   18,000   22,000   -   146,000 
Home equity line of credit
  139,000   67,000   472,000   -   678,000 
Consumer
  76,000   380,000   257,000   -   713,000 
Unallocated
  -   -   -   1,555,000   1,555,000 
   $1,621,000  $4,722,000  $6,102,000  $1,555,000  $14,000,000 

Commercial loans are comprised of three major classes, commercial real estate loans, commercial construction loans and other commercial loans. Commercial real estate is primarily comprised of loans to small businesses collateralized by owner-occupied real estate, while other commercial is primarily comprised of loans to small businesses collateralized by plant and equipment, commercial fishing vessels and gear, and limited inventory-based
lending. Commercial real estate loans typically have a maximum loan-to-value of 75% based upon current appraisal information at the time the loan is made. Municipal loans are comprised of loans to municipalities in Maine for capitalized expenditures, construction projects or tax-anticipation notes. All municipal loans are considered general obligations of the municipality and as such are collateralized by the taxing ability of the municipality for repayment of debt.
Construction loans, both commercial and residential, comprise a very small portion of the portfolio, and at 35.0% of capital are well under the regulatory guidance of 100.0% of capital. Construction loans and non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loans are at 99.0% of total capital, well under regulatory guidance of 300.0% of capital.
The process of establishing the allowance with respect to our commercial loan portfolio begins when a loan officer initially assigns each loan a risk rating, using established credit criteria. Approximately 50% of our outstanding loans and commitments are subject to review and validation annually by an independent consulting firm, as well as periodically by our internal credit review function. The methodology employs Management's judgment as to the level of losses on existing loans based on our internal review of the loan portfolio, including an analysis of a borrower's current financial position, and the consideration of current and anticipated economic conditions and their potential effects on specific borrowers and or lines of business. In determining our ability to collect certain loans, we also consider the fair value of underlying collateral.



The risk rating system has eight levels, defined as follows:
1      Strong
Credits rated "1" are characterized by borrowers fully responsible for the credit with excellent capacity to pay principal and interest. Loans rated "1" may be secured with acceptable forms of liquid collateral.
2      Above Average
Credits rated "2" are characterized by borrowers that have better than average liquidity, capitalization, earnings and/or cash flow with a consistent record of solid financial performance.
3      Satisfactory
Credits rated "3" are characterized by borrowers with favorable liquidity, profitability and financial condition with adequate cash flow to pay debt service.
4      Average
Credits rated "4" are characterized by borrowers that present risk more than 1, 2 and 3 rated loans and merit an ordinary level of ongoing monitoring. Financial condition is on par or somewhat below industry averages while cash flow is generally adequate to meet debt service requirements.
5      Watch
Credits rated "5" are characterized by borrowers that warrant greater monitoring due to financial condition or unresolved and identified risk factors.
6      Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM)
Loans in this category are currently protected but are potentially weak and constitute an undue and unwarranted credit risk, but not to the point of justifying a classification of substandard. OAEM have potential weaknesses which may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Bank's credit position at some future date.
7      Substandard
Loans in this category are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Substandard loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank may sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
8      Doubtful
Loans classified "Doubtful" have the same weaknesses as those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined.
The following table summarizes the risk ratings for the Company's commercial real estate, commercial construction, commercial other, and municipal loans as of March 31, 2012:

   
Commercial
Real Estate
  
Commercial
Construction
  
Commercial
Other
  
Municipal
Loans
  
All Risk-
Rated Loans
 
1 Strong
 $23,000  $-  $486,000  $1,911,000  $2,420,000 
2 Above Average
  19,788,000   -   4,418,000   7,602,000   31,808,000 
3 Satisfactory
  32,903,000   1,396,000   12,183,000   3,819,000   50,301,000 
4 Average
  105,446,000   19,130,000   31,412,000   2,629,000   158,617,000 
5 Watch
  42,680,000   3,530,000   19,473,000   -   65,683,000 
6 OAEM
  18,302,000   538,000   4,644,000   -   23,484,000 
7 Substandard
  34,887,000   6,234,000   12,158,000   -   53,279,000 
8 Doubtful
  679,000   -   693,000   -   1,372,000 
Total
 $254,708,000  $30,828,000  $85,467,000  $15,961,000  $386,964,000 




The following table summarizes the risk ratings for the Company's commercial real estate, commercial construction, commercial other, and municipal loans as of December 31, 2011:

   
Commercial
Real Estate
  
Commercial
Construction
  
Commercial
Other
  
Municipal
Loans
  
All Risk-
Rated Loans
 
1 Strong
 $23,000  $-  $465,000  $2,158,000  $2,646,000 
2 Above Average
  21,334,000   -   4,229,000   7,509,000   33,072,000 
3 Satisfactory
  33,119,000   1,365,000   10,981,000   3,861,000   49,326,000 
4 Average
  106,171,000   17,125,000   31,600,000   2,693,000   157,589,000 
5 Watch
  44,215,000   3,287,000   17,893,000   -   65,395,000 
6 OAEM
  18,309,000   2,320,000   5,303,000   -   25,932,000 
7 Substandard
  31,575,000   7,323,000   16,362,000   -   55,260,000 
8 Doubtful
  678,000   1,154,000   149,000   -   1,981,000 
 Total
 $255,424,000  $32,574,000  $86,982,000  $16,221,000  $391,201,000 

The following table summarizes the risk ratings for the Company's commercial real estate, commercial construction, commercial other, and municipal loans as of March 31, 2011:

   
Commercial
Real Estate
  
Commercial
Construction
  
Commercial
Other
  
Municipal
Loans
  
All Risk-
Rated Loans
 
1 Strong
 $30,000  $-  $462,000  $2,448,000  $2,940,000 
2 Above Average
  21,270,000   10,000   4,399,000   11,417,000   37,096,000 
3 Satisfactory
  45,331,000   10,000   17,258,000   4,023,000   66,622,000 
4 Average
  120,462,000   14,650,000   40,071,000   2,946,000   178,129,000 
5 Watch
  26,660,000   5,896,000   12,425,000   -   44,981,000 
6 OAEM
  18,797,000   3,948,000   6,700,000   -   29,445,000 
7 Substandard
  31,250,000   4,802,000   20,447,000   -   56,499,000 
8 Doubtful
  -   -   -   -   - 
 Total
 $263,800,000  $29,316,000  $101,762,000  $20,834,000  $415,712,000 

Commercial loans are generally charged off when all or a portion of the principal amount is determined to be uncollectable. This determination is based on circumstances specific to a borrower including repayment ability, analysis of collateral and other factors as applicable.
Residential loans are comprised of two classes: term loans, which include traditional amortizing home mortgages, and construction loans, which include loans for owner-occupied residential construction. Residential loans typically have a 75% to 80% loan to value based upon current appraisal information at the time the loan is made. Home equity loans and lines of credit are typically written to the same underwriting standards. Consumer loans are primarily amortizing loans to individuals collateralized by automobiles, pleasure craft and recreation vehicles, typically with a maximum loan to value of 80%-90% of the purchase price of the collateral. Consumer loans also include a small amount of unsecured short-term time notes to individuals.
Residential loans, consumer loans and home equity lines of credit are segregated into homogeneous pools with similar risk characteristics. Trends and current conditions are analyzed and historical loss experience is adjusted accordingly. Quantitative and qualitative adjustment factors for these segments are consistent with those for the commercial and municipal classes. Certain loans in the residential, home equity lines of credit and consumer classes identified as having the potential for further deterioration are analyzed individually to confirm impairment status, and to determine the need for a specific reserve, however there is no formal rating system used for these classes. Consumer loans greater than 120 days past due are generally charged off. Residential loans 90 days or more past due are placed on non-accrual status unless the loans are both well secured and in the process of collection.
There were no changes to the Company's accounting policies or methodology used to estimate the allowance for loan losses during the three months ended March 31, 2012. Allowance for loan losses transactions for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 and for the year ended December 31, 2011 were as follows:



 For the three months ended
 
Commercial
  
Municipal
  
Residential
  
Home Equity
  
Consumer
  
Unallocated
  
Total
 
March 31, 2012
 
Real Estate
  
Construction
  
Other
     
Term
  
Construction
  
Line of Credit
          
Allowance for loan losses:
                              
Beginning balance
 $5,659,000  $658,000  $2,063,000  $19,000  $1,159,000  $255,000  $595,000  $584,000  $2,008,000  $13,000,000 
Charge offs
  -   -   2,002,000   -   239,000   -   49,000   180,000   -   2,470,000 
Recoveries
  -   246,000   2,000   -   1,000   -   -   75,000   -   324,000 
Provision
  203,000   (200,000)  2,062,000   -   315,000   (196,000)  136,000   89,000   (309,000)  2,100,000 
Ending balance
 $5,862,000  $704,000  $2,125,000  $19,000  $1,236,000  $59,000  $682,000  $568,000  $1,699,000  $12,954,000 
Ending balance specifically evaluated for impairment
 $944,000  $117,000  $480,000  $-  $592,000  $49,000  $156,000  $10,000  $-  $2,348,000 
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment
 $4,918,000  $587,000  $1,645,000  $19,000  $644,000  $10,000  $526,000  $558,000  $1,699,000  $10,606,000 
Related loan balances:
                                        
Ending balance
 $254,708,000  $30,828,000  $85,467,000  $15,961,000  $358,394,000  $6,451,000  $103,372,000  $15,711,000  $-  $870,892,000 
Ending balance specifically evaluated for impairment
 $14,295,000  $2,093,000  $3,886,000  $-  $18,054,000  $1,454,000  $1,336,000  $15,000  $-  $41,133,000 
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment
 $240,413,000  $28,735,000  $81,581,000  $15,961,000  $340,340,000  $4,997,000  $102,036,000  $15,696,000  $-  $829,759,000 


 For the year ended
 
Commercial
  
Municipal
  
Residential
  
Home Equity
  
Consumer
  
Unallocated
  
Total
 
December 31, 2011
 
Real Estate
  
Construction
  
Other
     
Term
  
Construction
  
Line of Credit
          
Allowance for loan losses:
                              
Beginning balance
 $5,260,000  $1,012,000  $2,377,000  $19,000  $1,408,000  $44,000  $670,000  $646,000  $1,880,000  $13,316,000 
Charge offs
  1,619,000   346,000   6,492,000   -   1,421,000   505,000   415,000   381,000   -   11,179,000 
Recoveries
  23,000   -   60,000   -   7,000   -   1,000   222,000   -   313,000 
Provision
  1,995,000   (8,000)  6,118,000   -   1,165,000   716,000   339,000   97,000   128,000   10,550,000 
Ending balance
 $5,659,000  $658,000  $2,063,000  $19,000  $1,159,000  $255,000  $595,000  $584,000  $2,008,000  $13,000,000 
Ending balance specifically evaluated for impairment
 $808,000  $33,000  $402,000  $-  $478,000  $235,000  $91,000  $11,000  $-  $2,058,000 
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment
 $4,851,000  $625,000  $1,661,000  $19,000  $681,000  $20,000  $504,000  $573,000  $2,008,000  $10,942,000 
Related loan balances:
                                        
Ending balance
 $255,424,000  $32,574,000  $86,982,000  $16,221,000  $341,286,000  $10,469,000  $105,244,000  $16,788,000  $-  $864,988,000 
Ending balance specifically evaluated for impairment
 $10,141,000  $5,702,000  $7,042,000  $-  $16,821,000  $1,198,000  $1,163,000  $53,000  $-  $42,120,000 
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment
 $245,283,000  $26,872,000  $79,940,000  $16,221,000  $324,465,000  $9,271,000  $104,081,000  $16,735,000  $-  $822,868,000 





 For the three months ended
 
Commercial
  
Municipal
  
Residential
  
Home Equity
  
Consumer
  
Unallocated
  
Total
 
March 31, 2011
 
Real Estate
  
Construction
  
Other
     
Term
  
Construction
  
Line of Credit
          
Allowance for loan losses:
                              
Beginning balance
 $5,260,000  $1,012,000  $2,377,000  $19,000  $1,408,000  $44,000  $670,000  $646,000  $1,880,000  $13,316,000 
Charge offs
  289,000   -   161,000   -   457,000   505,000   1,000   100,000   -   1,513,000 
Recoveries
  5,000   -   17,000   -   3,000   -   -   72,000   -   97,000 
Provision
  1,334,000   (373,000)  302,000   -   451,000   607,000   9,000   95,000   (325,000)  2,100,000 
Ending balance
 $6,310,000  $639,000  $2,535,000  $19,000  $1,405,000  $146,000  $678,000  $713,000  $1,555,000  $14,000,000 
Ending balance specifically evaluated for impairment
 $593,000  $-  $326,000  $-  $381,000  $106,000  $139,000  $76,000  $-  $1,621,000 
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment
 $5,717,000  $639,000  $2,209,000  $19,000  $1,024,000  $40,000  $539,000  $637,000  $1,555,000  $12,379,000 
Related loan balances:
                                        
Ending balance
 $263,800,000  $29,316,000  $101,762,000  $20,834,000  $340,841,000  $13,370,000  $106,172,000  $18,589,000  $-  $894,684,000 
Ending balance specifically evaluated for impairment
 $7,482,000  $813,000  $1,604,000  $-  $13,948,000  $2,248,000  $604,000  $115,000  $-  $26,814,000 
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment
 $256,318,000  $28,503,000  $100,158,000  $20,834,000  $326,893,000  $11,122,000  $105,568,000  $18,474,000  $-  $867,870,000 



A troubled debt restructure ("TDR") constitutes a restructuring of debt if the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower's financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. To determine whether or not a loan should be classified as a TDR, Management evaluates a loan based upon the following criteria:
�  
The borrower demonstrates financial difficulty; common indicators include past due status with bank obligations, substandard credit bureau reports, or an inability to refinance with another lender, and
�  
The Company has granted a concession; common concession types include maturity date extension, interest rate adjustments to below market pricing, and deferment of payments.
As of March 31, 2012, the Company had 71 loans with a value of $20,647,000 that have been classified as TDRs. This compares to 59 loans with a value of $22,858,000 and 36 loans with a value of $6,021,000 classified as TDRs as of December 31, 2011 and March 31, 2011, respectively. The impairment carried as a specific reserve in the allowance for loan losses is calculated by present valuing the cashflow modification on the loan, or, for collateral-dependent loans, using the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell. The following table shows TDRs by class and the specific reserve as of March 31, 2012:

   
Number of Loans
  
Balance
  
Specific Reserves
 
Commercial
         
   Real estate
  12  $7,610,000  $271,000 
   Construction
  1   1,148,000   - 
   Other
  12   1,919,000   85,000 
Municipal
  -   -   - 
Residential
            
   Term
  46   9,970,000   250,000 
   Construction
  -   -   - 
Home equity line of credit
  -   -   - 
Consumer
  -   -   - 
Unallocated
  -   -   - 
    71  $20,647,000  $606,000 

As of March 31, 2012, 11 of the loans classified as TDRs with a total balance of $2,258,000 were more than 30 days past due. Of these loans, 7 loans with an outstanding balance of $1,733,000 had been placed on TDR status in the previous 12 months. The following table shows these TDRs by class and the associated specific reserves included in the allowance for loan losses as of March 31, 2012:

   
Number of Loans
  
Balance
  
Specific Reserves
 
Commercial
         
   Real estate
  -  $-  $- 
   Construction
  -   -   - 
   Other
  4   667,000   44,000 
Municipal
  -   -   - 
Residential
            
   Term
  7   1,591,000   29,000 
   Construction
  -   -   - 
Home equity line of credit
  -   -   - 
Consumer
  -   -   - 
Unallocated
  -   -   - 
    11  $2,258,000  $73,000 

In the first three months of 2012, 14 loans were placed on TDR status with an outstanding balance of $3,007,000. These were considered to be TDRs because concessions had been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. Concessions include reductions in interest rates, principal and/or interest forbearance, payment extensions, or combinations thereof. The following table shows loans placed on TDR status by class of loan and the associated specific reserve included in the allowance for loan losses as of March 31, 2012:
   
Number of Loans
  
Pre-Modification
Outstanding
Recorded Investment
  
Post-Modification Outstanding
Recorded
Investment
  
Specific Reserves
 
Commercial
            
   Real estate
  7  $2,438,000  $2,404,000  $- 
   Construction
  -   -   -   - 
   Other
  3   12,000   12,000   - 
Municipal
  -   -   -   - 
Residential
                
   Term
  4   557,000   557,000   16,000 
   Construction
  -   -   -   - 
Home equity line of credit
  -   -   -   - 
Consumer
  -   -   -   - 
Unallocated
  -   -   -   - 
    14  $3,007,000  $2,973,000  $16,000 

As of March 31, 2012, Management is aware of 6 loans classified as TDRs that are involved in bankruptcy with an outstanding balance of $1,021,000. As of March 31, 2012, there were 19 loans with an outstanding balance of $3,160,000 that were classified as TDRs and on non-accrual status.