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Fair Value

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2019

Certain assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value to provide additional insight into the Company's quality of earnings. Some of these assets and liabilities are measured on a recurring basis while others are measured on a nonrecurring basis, with the determination based upon applicable existing accounting pronouncements. For example, securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Other assets, such as, other real estate owned and impaired loans, are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis using the lower of cost or market methodology to determine impairment of individual assets. The Company groups assets and liabilities which are recorded at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement (with level 1 considered highest and level 3 considered lowest). A brief description of each level follows:

Level 1 - Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 - Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.

Level 3 - Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation includes use of discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

The fair value methods and assumptions for the Company's financial instruments and other assets measured at fair value are set forth below.

Investment Securities

The fair values of investment securities are estimated by independent providers using a market approach with observable inputs, including matrix pricing and recent transactions. In obtaining such valuation information from third parties, the Company has evaluated their valuation methodologies used to develop the fair values in order to determine whether the valuations are representative of an exit price in the Company's principal markets. The Company's principal markets for its securities portfolios are the secondary institutional markets, with an exit price that is predominantly reflective of bid level pricing in those markets. Fair values are calculated based on the value of one unit without regard to any premium or discount that may result from concentrations of ownership of a financial instrument, possible tax ramifications, or estimated transaction costs. If these considerations had been incorporated into the fair value estimates, the aggregate fair value could have been changed. The carrying values of restricted equity securities approximate fair values. As such, the Company classifies investment securities as Level 2.

Loans

Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans based on exit pricing notion. The fair values of performing loans are calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect the credit and interest risk inherent in the loan. The estimates of maturity are based on the Company's historical experience with repayments for each loan classification, modified, as required, by an estimate of the effect of current economic and lending conditions, and the effects of estimated prepayments. Assumptions regarding credit risk, cash flows, and discount rates are judgmentally determined using available market information and specific borrower information. Management has made estimates of fair value using discount rates that it believes to be reasonable. However, because there is no market for many of these financial instruments, Management has no basis to determine whether the fair value presented above would be indicative of the value negotiated in an actual sale. As such, the Company classifies loans as Level 3, except for certain collateral-dependent impaired loans. Fair values of impaired loans are based on estimated cash flows and are discounted using a rate commensurate with the risk associated with the estimated cash flows, or if collateral dependent, discounted to the appraised value of the collateral as determined by reference to sale prices of similar properties, less costs to sell. As such, the Company classifies collateral dependent impaired loans for which a specific reserve results in a fair value measure as Level 2. All other impaired loans are classified as Level 3.

Other Real Estate Owned

Real estate acquired through foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value. The fair value of other real estate owned is based on property appraisals and an analysis of similar properties currently available. As such, the Company records other real estate owned as nonrecurring Level 2.

Mortgage Servicing Rights

Mortgage servicing rights represent the value associated with servicing residential mortgage loans. Servicing assets and servicing liabilities are reported using the amortization method and compared to fair value for impairment. In evaluating the fair values of mortgage servicing rights, the Company obtains third party valuations based on loan level data including note rate, type and term of the underlying loans. As such, the Company classifies mortgage servicing rights as Level 2.

Time Deposits

The fair value of maturity deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows using a replacement cost of funds approach. The discount rate is estimated using the cost of funds borrowing rate in the market. As such, the Company classifies deposits as Level 2.

Borrowed Funds

The fair value of borrowed funds is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is estimated using the rates currently available for borrowings of similar remaining maturities. As such, the Company classifies borrowed funds as Level 2.

Derivatives

The fair value of interest rate swaps is determined using inputs that are observable in the market place obtained from third parties including yield curves, publicly available volatilities, and floating indexes and, accordingly, are classified as Level 2 inputs. The credit value adjustments associated with derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by the Company and its counterparties. As of September 30, 2019 and 2018, and December 31, 2018, the Company has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives due to collateral postings.

Customer Loan Derivatives

The valuation of the Company’s customer loan derivatives is obtained from a third-party pricing service and is determined using a discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. The pricing analysis is based on observable inputs for the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity and interest rate curves. The Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of master netting arrangements and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings.

Limitations

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These values do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company's entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company's financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on Management's judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates. Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance-sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Other significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments include the deferred tax asset, premises and equipment, and other real estate owned. In addition, tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in any of the estimates.

Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018.



	At September 30, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Securities available for sale
Mortgage-backed securities	$	—	$	322,190,000	$	—	$	322,190,000
State and political subdivisions	—		4,608,000		—		4,608,000
Total securities available for sale	—		326,798,000		—		326,798,000
Interest rate swap agreements	—		510,000		—		510,000
Customer loan interest swap agreements	—		1,643,000		—		1,643,000
Total interest rate swap agreements	$	—	$	2,153,000	$	—	$	2,153,000
Total assets	$	—	$	328,951,000	$	—	$	328,951,000



	At September 30, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Interest rate swap agreements	$	—	$	845,000	$	—	$	845,000
Customer loan interest swap agreements	—		1,643,000		—		1,643,000
Total liabilities	$	—	$	2,488,000	$	—	$	2,488,000



	At December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Securities available for sale
U.S. Government-sponsored agencies	$	—	$	5,007,000	$	—	$	5,007,000
Mortgage-backed securities	—		307,693,000		—		307,693,000
State and political subdivisions	—		4,716,000		—		4,716,000
Total securities available for sale	—		317,416,000		—		317,416,000
Interest rate swap agreements	—		1,889,000		—		1,889,000
Total assets	$	—	$	319,305,000	$	—	$	319,305,000



	At December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Interest rate swap agreements	$	—	$	69,000	$	—	$	69,000
Total liabilities	$	—	$	69,000	$	—	$	69,000



	At September 30, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Securities available for sale
U.S. Treasury and agency	$	—	$	4,979,000	$	—	$	4,979,000
Mortgage-backed securities	$	—	$	292,570,000	$	—	$	292,570,000
State and political subdivisions	—		4,638,000		—		4,638,000
Total securities available for sale	—		302,187,000		—		302,187,000
Interest rate swap agreements	—		2,888,000		—		2,888,000
Total assets	$	—	$	305,075,000	$	—	$	305,075,000

Assets Recorded at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

The following tables include assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that have had a fair value adjustment since their initial recognition. Other real estate owned is presented net of an allowance of $0 at September 30, 2019, 2018 and December 31, 2018. Only collateral-dependent impaired loans with a related specific allowance for loan losses or a partial

charge off are included in impaired loans for purposes of fair value disclosures. Impaired loans below are presented net of specific allowances of $1,763,000, $2,096,000 and $2,109,000 at September 30, 2019, December 31, 2018, and September 30, 2018, respectively.



	At September 30, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Other real estate owned	$	—	$	279,000	$	—	$	279,000
Impaired loans	—		7,143,000		—		7,143,000
Total assets	$	—	$	7,422,000	$	—	$	7,422,000



	At December 31, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Other real estate owned	$	—	$	584,000	$	—	$	584,000
Impaired loans	—		7,415,000		—		7,415,000
Total assets	$	—	$	7,999,000	$	—	$	7,999,000



	At September 30, 2018
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Other real estate owned	$	—	$	584,000	$	—	$	584,000
Impaired loans	—		7,024,000		—		7,024,000
Total assets	$	—	$	7,608,000	$	—	$	7,608,000

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

FASB ASC Topic 825 "Financial Instruments" requires disclosures of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, if the fair values can be reasonably determined. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company's various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques using observable inputs when available. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. Topic 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.

This summary excludes financial assets and liabilities for which carrying value approximates fair values and financial instruments that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Financial instruments for which carrying values approximate fair value include cash equivalents, interest-bearing deposits in other banks, demand, NOW, savings and money market deposits. The estimated fair value of demand, NOW, savings and money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. Carrying value is used because the accounts have no stated maturity and the customer has the ability to withdraw funds immediately.

The carrying amount and estimated fair values for financial instruments as of September 30, 2019 were as follows:



	Carrying value		Estimated fair value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets
Securities to be held to maturity	$	298,786,000	$	306,647,000	$	—	$	306,647,000	$	—
Loans (net of allowance for loan losses)
Commercial
Real estate	363,725,000		360,061,000		—		622,000		359,439,000
Construction	36,829,000		36,458,000		—		—		36,458,000
Other	198,093,000		196,674,000		—		5,142,000		191,532,000
Municipal	36,492,000		36,192,000		—		—		36,192,000
Residential
Term	484,160,000		482,121,000		—		992,000		481,129,000
Construction	14,091,000		14,032,000		—		—		14,032,000
Home equity line of credit	93,180,000		90,289,000		—		387,000		89,902,000
Consumer	25,124,000		23,318,000		—		—		23,318,000
Total loans	1,251,694,000		1,239,145,000		—		7,143,000		1,232,002,000
Mortgage servicing rights	1,451,000		2,083,000		—		2,083,000		—
Financial liabilities
Local certificates of deposit	$	283,119,000	$	285,598,000	$	—	$	285,598,000	$	—
National certificates of deposit	378,654,000		379,995,000		—		379,995,000		—
Total certificates of deposits	661,773,000		665,593,000		—		665,593,000		—
Repurchase agreements	41,310,000		40,004,000		—		40,004,000		—
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	140,107,000		140,008,000		—		140,008,000		—
Total borrowed funds	181,417,000		180,012,000		—		180,012,000		—

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values for financial instruments as of December 31, 2018 were as follows:



	Carrying value		Estimated fair value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets
Securities to be held to maturity	$	255,663,000	$	250,900,000	$	—	$	250,900,000	$	—
Loans (net of allowance for loan losses)
Commercial
Real estate	349,243,000		340,526,000		—		423,000		340,103,000
Construction	27,018,000		26,344,000		—		—		26,344,000
Other	192,420,000		189,842,000		—		6,096,000		183,746,000
Municipal	51,101,000		50,965,000		—		—		50,965,000
Residential
Term	467,760,000		451,323,000		—		793,000		450,530,000
Construction	17,705,000		17,083,000		—		—		17,083,000
Home equity line of credit	97,650,000		95,175,000		—		103,000		95,072,000
Consumer	24,154,000		22,530,000		—		—		22,530,000
Total loans	1,227,051,000		1,193,788,000		—		7,415,000		1,186,373,000
Mortgage servicing rights	1,354,000		2,586,000		—		2,586,000		—
Financial liabilities
Local certificates of deposit	$	284,482,000	$	281,282,000	$	—	$	281,282,000	$	—
National certificates of deposit	306,927,000		307,508,000		—		307,508,000		—
Total deposits	591,409,000		588,790,000		—		588,790,000		—
Repurchase agreements	40,205,000		40,161,000		—		40,161,000		—
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	170,112,000		169,240,000		—		169,240,000		—
Total borrowed funds	210,317,000		209,401,000		—		209,401,000		—

The carrying amount and estimated fair values for financial instruments as of September 30, 2018 were as follows:



	Carrying value		Estimated fair value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets
Securities to be held to maturity	$	257,395,000	$	249,890,000	$	—	$	249,890,000	$	—
Loans (net of allowance for loan losses)
Commercial
Real estate	362,199,000		359,421,000		—		423,000		358,998,000
Construction	23,639,000		23,458,000		—		—		23,458,000
Other	183,935,000		184,116,000		—		6,033,000		178,083,000
Municipal	56,677,000		56,981,000		—		—		56,981,000
Residential
Term	458,174,000		459,561,000		—		475,000		459,086,000
Construction	18,124,000		18,095,000		—		—		18,095,000
Home equity line of credit	104,373,000		103,209,000		—		93,000		103,116,000
Consumer	24,755,000		24,126,000		—		—		24,126,000
Total loans	1,231,876,000		1,228,967,000		—		7,024,000		1,221,943,000
Mortgage servicing rights	1,299,000		2,572,000		—		2,572,000		—
Financial liabilities
Local certificates of deposit	252,440,000		253,014,000		—		253,014,000		—
National certificates of deposit	366,969,000		368,127,000		—		368,127,000		—
Total certificates of deposits	619,409,000		621,141,000		—		621,141,000		—
Repurchase agreements	95,160,000		90,311,000		—		90,311,000		—
Federal Home Loan Bank advances	170,114,000		170,058,000		—		170,058,000		—
Total borrowed funds	265,274,000		260,369,000		—		260,369,000		—

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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