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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020
Commission File Number 0-26589
THE FIRST BANCORP, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Maine | 01-0404322
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

Main Street | Damariscotta | Maine | 04543
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip code)

(207) 563-3195
Registrant's telephone number, including area code
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site,
if any, every, Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, non-accelerated filer, or a smaller
reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule
12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended
transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to
Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant's classes of common stock as of November 1, 2020
Common Stock: 10,947,662 shares

Table of Contents

Part I. Financial Information | 1
Selected Financial Data (Unaudited) | 1
Item 1 – Financial Statements | 2
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 2
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) | 3
Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) | 4
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited) | 5
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) | 6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Note 1 – Basis of Presentation | 8
Note 2 –Investment Securities | 9
Note 3 – Loans | 13
Note 4 – Allowance for Loan Losses | 24
Note 5 – Stock-Based Compensation | 32
Note 6 – Preferred and Common Stock | 32
Note 7 – Earnings Per Share | 33
Note 8 – Employee Benefit Plans | 33
Note 9 - Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 35
Note 10 - Financial Derivative Instruments | 36
Note 11 – Mortgage Servicing Rights | 39
Note 12 – Income Taxes | 39
Note 13 - Certificates of Deposit | 39
Note 14 – Reclassifications | 39
Note 15 – Fair Value Disclosures | 40
Note 16 – Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards | 47
Item 2 – Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 49
Forward-Looking Statements | 49
Critical Accounting Policies | 49
Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures | 50
Executive Summary | 52
Net Interest Income | 53
Average Daily Balance Sheets | 56
Non-Interest Income | 57
Non-Interest Expense | 57
Income Taxes | 57
Investments | 57
Impaired Securities | 59
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock | 61
Loans and Loans Held for Sale | 61
Credit Risk Management and Allowance for Loan Losses | 63
Non-Performing Loans and Troubled Debt Restructured | 67
Impaired Loans | 70
Past Due Loans | 71
Potential Problem Loans and Loans in Process of Foreclosure | 71
Other Real Estate Owned | 72
Liquidity Management | 73
Deposits | 74
Borrowed Funds | 74

Shareholders' Equity | 74
Off-Balance-Sheet Financial Instruments and Contractual Obligations | 75
Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 77
Market-Risk Management | 77
Asset/Liability Management | 77
Interest Rate Risk Management | 78
Item 4 - Controls and Procedures | 79
Part II. Other Information | 80
Item 1 – Legal Proceedings | 80
Item 1a – Risk Factors | 80
Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 80
Item 3 – Default Upon Senior Securities | 81
Item 4 – Other Information | 81
Item 5 – Exhibits | 82
Signatures | 83

Part I. Financial Information
Selected Financial Data (Unaudited)
The First Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Dollars in thousands, | As of and for the nine months ended September 30, |  | As of and for the quarter ended September 30,
except for per share amounts | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |
Summary of Operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest Income | $ | 57,986 |  |  | $ | 58,994 |  |  | $ | 18,506 |  |  | $ | 19,904 |  |
Interest Expense | 13,832 |  |  | 19,919 |  |  | 3,761 |  |  | 6,678 |  |
Net Interest Income | 44,154 |  |  | 39,075 |  |  | 14,745 |  |  | 13,226 |  |
Provision for Loan Losses | 4,550 |  |  | 875 |  |  | 1,800 |  |  | 250 |  |
Non-Interest Income | 13,627 |  |  | 10,281 |  |  | 4,805 |  |  | 3,532 |  |
Non-Interest Expense | 29,236 |  |  | 26,168 |  |  | 9,276 |  |  | 9,040 |  |
Net Income | 20,159 |  |  | 18,839 |  |  | 7,095 |  |  | 6,288 |  |
Per Common Share Data |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic Earnings per Share | $ | 1.86 |  |  | $ | 1.74 |  |  | $ | 0.65 |  |  | $ | 0.58 |  |
Diluted Earnings per Share | 1.84 |  |  | 1.73 |  |  | 0.65 |  |  | 0.58 |  |
Cash Dividends Declared | 0.92 |  |  | 0.89 |  |  | 0.31 |  |  | 0.30 |  |
Book Value per Common Share | 20.05 |  |  | 19.13 |  |  | 20.05 |  |  | 19.13 |  |
Tangible Book Value per Common Share 2 | 17.32 |  |  | 16.39 |  |  | 17.32 |  |  | 16.39 |  |
Market Value | 21.07 |  |  | 27.49 |  |  | 21.07 |  |  | 27.49 |  |
Financial Ratios |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Return on Average Equity 1 | 12.32 |  | % | 12.49 |  | % | 12.80 |  | % | 11.99 |  | %
Return on Average Tangible Common Equity 1,2 | 14.27 |  | % | 14.67 |  | % | 14.81 |  | % | 14.01 |  | %
Return on Average Assets 1 | 1.22 |  | % | 1.26 |  | % | 1.24 |  | % | 1.24 |  | %
Average Equity to Average Assets | 9.89 |  | % | 10.11 |  | % | 9.65 |  | % | 10.33 |  | %
Average Tangible Equity to Average Assets 2 | 8.54 |  | % | 8.61 |  | % | 8.34 |  | % | 8.84 |  | %
Net Interest Margin Tax-Equivalent 1,2 | 2.93 |  | % | 2.90 |  | % | 2.82 |  | % | 2.88 |  | %
Dividend Payout Ratio | 49.46 |  | % | 51.15 |  | % | 47.69 |  | % | 51.72 |  | %
Allowance for Loan Losses/Total Loans | 1.07 |  | % | 0.93 |  | % | 1.07 |  | % | 0.93 |  | %
Non-Performing Loans to Total Loans | 0.63 |  | % | 1.33 |  | % | 0.63 |  | % | 1.33 |  | %
Non-Performing Assets to Total Assets | 0.43 |  | % | 0.84 |  | % | 0.43 |  | % | 0.84 |  | %
Efficiency Ratio 2 | 50.00 |  | % | 51.12 |  | % | 45.97 |  | % | 52.08 |  | %
At Period End |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Assets | $ | 2,296,626 |  |  | $ | 2,033,227 |  |  | $ | 2,296,626 |  |  | $ | 2,033,227 |  |
Total Loans | 1,436,646 |  |  | 1,263,459 |  |  | 1,436,646 |  |  | 1,263,459 |  |
Total Investment Securities | 682,647 |  |  | 634,566 |  |  | 682,647 |  |  | 634,566 |  |
Total Deposits | 1,763,059 |  |  | 1,623,290 |  |  | 1,763,059 |  |  | 1,623,290 |  |
Total Shareholders' Equity | 219,440 |  |  | 208,489 |  |  | 219,440 |  |  | 208,489 |  |

1 Annualized using a 366-day basis in 2020 and a 365-day basis in 2019.
2 These ratios use non-GAAP financial measures. See Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for additional disclosures and information.
1

Item 1 – Financial Statements
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
The First Bancorp, Inc.
We have reviewed the accompanying interim consolidated financial information of The First Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary as of September 30, 2020 and 2019 and for the three-month and nine-month periods then ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management.
We conducted our reviews in accordance with standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures to financial data and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit in accordance with standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is to express an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim consolidated financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
/s/ Berry Dunn McNeil & Parker, LLC
Portland, Maine
November 6, 2020
2

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
The First Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

| September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | September 30, 2019
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 22,742,000 |  |  | $ | 14,433,000 |  |  | $ | 21,418,000 |
Interest bearing deposits in other banks | 48,111,000 |  |  | 11,310,000 |  |  | 16,714,000 |
Securities available for sale | 340,140,000 |  |  | 360,520,000 |  |  | 326,798,000 |
Securities to be held to maturity (fair value of $342,062,000 at September 30, 2020, $287,045,000 at December 31, 2019 and $306,647,000 at September 30, 2019) | 331,962,000 |  |  | 281,606,000 |  |  | 298,786,000 |
Restricted equity securities, at cost | 10,545,000 |  |  | 8,982,000 |  |  | 8,982,000 |
Loans held for sale | 6,387,000 |  |  | 154,000 |  |  | 852,000 |
Loans | 1,436,646,000 |  |  | 1,297,075,000 |  |  | 1,263,459,000 |
Less allowance for loan losses | 15,371,000 |  |  | 11,639,000 |  |  | 11,765,000 |
Net loans | 1,421,275,000 |  |  | 1,285,436,000 |  |  | 1,251,694,000 |
Accrued interest receivable | 10,249,000 |  |  | 7,167,000 |  |  | 7,636,000 |
Premises and equipment, net | 27,110,000 |  |  | 21,305,000 |  |  | 21,232,000 |
Other real estate owned | 777,000 |  |  | 279,000 |  |  | 279,000 |
Goodwill | 29,805,000 |  |  | 29,805,000 |  |  | 29,805,000 |
Other assets | 47,523,000 |  |  | 47,799,000 |  |  | 49,031,000 |
Total assets | $ | 2,296,626,000 |  |  | $ | 2,068,796,000 |  |  | $ | 2,033,227,000 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Demand deposits | $ | 248,444,000 |  |  | $ | 169,777,000 |  |  | $ | 171,623,000 |
NOW deposits | 492,223,000 |  |  | 393,569,000 |  |  | 400,514,000 |
Money market deposits | 156,948,000 |  |  | 161,000,000 |  |  | 148,689,000 |
Savings deposits | 275,513,000 |  |  | 236,141,000 |  |  | 240,691,000 |
Certificates of deposit | 589,931,000 |  |  | 689,979,000 |  |  | 661,773,000 |
Total deposits | 1,763,059,000 |  |  | 1,650,466,000 |  |  | 1,623,290,000 |
Borrowed funds – short term | 228,687,000 |  |  | 174,850,000 |  |  | 171,310,000 |
Borrowed funds – long term | 55,100,000 |  |  | 10,105,000 |  |  | 10,107,000 |
Other liabilities | 30,340,000 |  |  | 20,867,000 |  |  | 20,031,000 |
Total liabilities | 2,077,186,000 |  |  | 1,856,288,000 |  |  | 1,824,738,000 |
Shareholders' equity |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, one cent par value per share | 109,000 |  |  | 109,000 |  |  | 109,000 |
Additional paid-in capital | 64,943,000 |  |  | 63,964,000 |  |  | 63,602,000 |
Retained earnings | 154,783,000 |  |  | 144,839,000 |  |  | 141,509,000 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized gain on securities available for sale | 5,520,000 |  |  | 3,657,000 |  |  | 3,686,000 |
Net unrealized loss on securities transferred from available for sale to held to maturity | (139,000) |  |  | (182,000) |  |  | (189,000) |
Net unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedging derivative instruments | (5,800,000) |  |  | 97,000 |  |  | (265,000) |
Net unrealized gain on postretirement costs | 24,000 |  |  | 24,000 |  |  | 37,000 |
Total shareholders' equity | 219,440,000 |  |  | 212,508,000 |  |  | 208,489,000 |
Total liabilities & shareholders' equity | $ | 2,296,626,000 |  |  | $ | 2,068,796,000 |  |  | $ | 2,033,227,000 |
Common Stock |  |  |  |  |
Number of shares authorized | 18,000,000 |  |  | 18,000,000 |  |  | 18,000,000 |
Number of shares issued and outstanding | 10,942,959 |  |  | 10,899,210 |  |  | 10,896,331 |
Book value per common share | $ | 20.05 |  |  | $ | 19.50 |  |  | $ | 19.13 |
Tangible book value per common share | $ | 17.32 |  |  | $ | 16.75 |  |  | $ | 16.39 |

See Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3

Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)
The First Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

| For the nine months ended September 30, | For the quarter ended September 30,
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019
Interest income |  |  |  |
Interest and fees on loans (includes tax-exempt income of $899,000 YTD September 30, 2020 and $1,001,000 YTD September 30, 2019) | $ | 44,124,000 |  | $ | 44,450,000 |  | $ | 14,109,000 |  | $ | 14,993,000 |
Interest on deposits with other banks | 87,000 |  | 145,000 |  | 8,000 |  | 48,000 |
Interest and dividends on investments (includes tax-exempt income of $5,649,000 YTD September 30, 2020 and $5,480,000 YTD September 30, 2019) | 13,775,000 |  | 14,399,000 |  | 4,389,000 |  | 4,863,000 |
Total interest income | 57,986,000 |  | 58,994,000 |  | 18,506,000 |  | 19,904,000 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |
Interest on deposits | 11,613,000 |  | 17,739,000 |  | 2,866,000 |  | 5,983,000 |
Interest on borrowed funds | 2,219,000 |  | 2,180,000 |  | 895,000 |  | 695,000 |
Total interest expense | 13,832,000 |  | 19,919,000 |  | 3,761,000 |  | 6,678,000 |
Net interest income | 44,154,000 |  | 39,075,000 |  | 14,745,000 |  | 13,226,000 |
Provision for loan losses | 4,550,000 |  | 875,000 |  | 1,800,000 |  | 250,000 |
Net interest income after provision for loan losses | 39,604,000 |  | 38,200,000 |  | 12,945,000 |  | 12,976,000 |
Non-interest income |  |  |  |
Investment management and fiduciary income | 2,712,000 |  | 2,459,000 |  | 909,000 |  | 822,000 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 1,257,000 |  | 1,747,000 |  | 375,000 |  | 577,000 |
Net securities gains | 1,179,000 |  | 15,000 |  | — |  | 15,000 |
Mortgage origination and servicing income, net of amortization | 3,802,000 |  | 1,227,000 |  | 1,914,000 |  | 576,000 |
Other operating income | 4,677,000 |  | 4,833,000 |  | 1,607,000 |  | 1,542,000 |
Total non-interest income | 13,627,000 |  | 10,281,000 |  | 4,805,000 |  | 3,532,000 |
Non-interest expense |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits | 14,719,000 |  | 13,698,000 |  | 5,032,000 |  | 4,865,000 |
Occupancy expense | 2,117,000 |  | 1,931,000 |  | 709,000 |  | 644,000 |
Furniture and equipment expense | 3,438,000 |  | 2,969,000 |  | 1,184,000 |  | 969,000 |
FDIC insurance premiums | 548,000 |  | 439,000 |  | 189,000 |  | — |
Amortization of identified intangibles | 32,000 |  | 32,000 |  | 10,000 |  | 10,000 |
Other operating expense | 8,382,000 |  | 7,099,000 |  | 2,152,000 |  | 2,552,000 |
Total non-interest expense | 29,236,000 |  | 26,168,000 |  | 9,276,000 |  | 9,040,000 |
Income before income taxes | 23,995,000 |  | 22,313,000 |  | 8,474,000 |  | 7,468,000 |
Income tax expense | 3,836,000 |  | 3,474,000 |  | 1,379,000 |  | 1,180,000 |
NET INCOME | $ | 20,159,000 |  | $ | 18,839,000 |  | $ | 7,095,000 |  | $ | 6,288,000 |
Basic earnings per common share | $ | 1.86 |  | $ | 1.74 |  | $ | 0.65 |  | $ | 0.58 |
Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 1.84 |  | $ | 1.73 |  | $ | 0.65 |  | $ | 0.58 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) net of tax |  |  |  |
Net unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale | $ | 1,863,000 |  | $ | 8,737,000 |  | $ | (1,580,000) |  | $ | 936,000 |
Net unrealized gain on securities transferred from available for sale to held to maturity, net of amortization | 43,000 |  | 8,000 |  | 7,000 |  | 1,000 |
Net unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedging derivative instruments | (5,897,000) |  | (1,703,000) |  | 387,000 |  | (340,000) |
Other comprehensive gain (loss) | (3,991,000) |  | 7,042,000 |  | (1,186,000) |  | 597,000 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 16,168,000 |  | $ | 25,881,000 |  | $ | 5,909,000 |  | $ | 6,885,000 |

See Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders' Equity (Unaudited)
The First Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

|  |  | Common stock and additional paid-in capital |  | Retained earnings |  | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | Total shareholders' equity
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |
Balance at December 31, 2018 |  |  | 10,862,651 |  | $ | 62,855,000 |  |  | $ | 132,460,000 |  |  | $ | (3,773,000) |  |  | $ | 191,542,000 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,839,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,839,000 |
Net unrealized gain on securities available for sale, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,737,000 |  |  | 8,737,000 |
Net unrealized loss on cash flow hedging derivative instruments, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,703,000) |  |  | (1,703,000) |
Net unrealized gain on securities transferred from available for sale to held to maturity, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,000 |  |  | 8,000 |
Comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,839,000 |  |  | 7,042,000 |  |  | 25,881,000 |
Cash dividends declared ($0.89 per share) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9,694,000) |  |  | — |  |  | (9,694,000) |
Equity compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  | 368,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 368,000 |
Payment to repurchase common stock |  |  | (4,179) |  |  | — |  |  | (96,000) |  |  |  |  | (96,000) |
Issuance of restricted stock |  |  | 19,087 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Proceeds from sale of common stock |  |  | 18,772 |  |  | 488,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 488,000 |
Balance at September 30, 2019 |  |  | 10,896,331 |  | $ | 63,711,000 |  |  | $ | 141,509,000 |  |  | $ | 3,269,000 |  |  | $ | 208,489,000 |
Balance at December 31, 2019 |  |  | 10,899,210 |  | $ | 64,073,000 |  |  | $ | 144,839,000 |  |  | $ | 3,596,000 |  |  | $ | 212,508,000 |
Net income |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,159,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,159,000 |
Net unrealized gain on securities available for sale, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,863,000 |  |  | 1,863,000 |
Net unrealized loss on cash flow hedging derivative instruments, net of tax |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,897,000) |  |  | (5,897,000) |
Net unrealized gain on securities transferred from available for sale to held to maturity, net of tax |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43,000 |  |  | 43,000 |
Comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,159,000 |  |  | (3,991,000) |  |  | 16,168,000 |
Cash dividends declared ($0.92 per share) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,058,000) |  |  | — |  |  | (10,058,000) |
Equity compensation expense |  |  | — |  |  | 482,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 482,000 |
Payment to repurchase common stock |  |  | (5,447) |  |  | — |  |  | (157,000) |  |  | — |  |  | (157,000) |
Issuance of restricted stock |  |  | 27,345 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Proceeds from sale of common stock |  |  | 21,851 |  |  | 497,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 497,000 |
Balance at September 30, 2020 |  |  | 10,942,959 |  | $ | 65,052,000 |  |  | $ | 154,783,000 |  |  | $ | (395,000) |  |  | $ | 219,440,000 |

See Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
5

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
The First Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

| For the nine months ended
| September 30, 2020 |  | September 30, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |
Net income | $ | 20,159,000 |  |  | $ | 18,839,000 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |
Depreciation | 1,670,000 |  |  | 1,398,000 |
Change in deferred taxes | (24,000) |  |  | 232,000 |
Provision for loan losses | 4,550,000 |  |  | 875,000 |
Loans originated for resale | (53,772,000) |  |  | (14,177,000) |
Proceeds from sales and transfers of loans | 49,941,000 |  |  | 13,732,000 |
Net gain on sales of loans | (2,402,000) |  |  | (407,000) |
Net gain on sale or call of securities | (1,179,000) |  |  | (15,000) |
Net amortization of premiums on investments | 1,425,000 |  |  | 752,000 |
Net (gain) loss on sale of other real estate owned | 5,000 |  |  | (113,000) |
Provision for losses on other real estate owned | 45,000 |  |  | — |
Equity compensation expense | 482,000 |  |  | 368,000 |
Net increase in other assets and accrued interest | (9,757,000) |  |  | (9,743,000) |
Net increase in other liabilities | 9,579,000 |  |  | 2,036,000 |
Net (gain) loss on disposal of premises and equipment | (3,000) |  |  | 386,000 |
Amortization of investment in limited partnership | 313,000 |  |  | 230,000 |
Net acquisition amortization | 32,000 |  |  | 32,000 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 21,064,000 |  |  | 14,425,000 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |
Increase in interest-bearing deposits in other banks | (36,801,000) |  |  | (4,635,000) |
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale | 70,869,000 |  |  | 3,835,000 |
Proceeds from maturities, payments and calls of securities available for sale | 90,809,000 |  |  | 51,633,000 |
Proceeds from maturities, payments, calls and sales of securities to be held to maturity | 62,916,000 |  |  | 17,963,000 |
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned | 279,000 |  |  | 418,000 |
Purchases of securities available for sale | (139,353,000) |  |  | (54,553,000) |
Purchases of securities to be held to maturity | (113,052,000) |  |  | (61,051,000) |
Redemption of restricted equity securities | — |  |  | 2,604,000 |
Purchase of restricted equity securities | (1,563,000) |  |  | — |
Net increase in loans | (141,216,000) |  |  | (25,518,000) |
Capital expenditures | (7,475,000) |  |  | (960,000) |
Proceeds from disposal of premises and equipment | 3,000 |  |  | — |
Net cash used by investing activities | (214,584,000) |  |  | (70,264,000) |
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |
Net increase in demand, savings, and money market accounts | 212,641,000 |  |  | 25,821,000 |
Net increase (decrease) in certificates of deposit | (100,048,000) |  |  | 70,384,000 |
Net increase in short-term borrowings | 53,837,000 |  |  | — |
Advances on long-term borrowings | 55,000,000 |  |  | — |
Repayment on long-term borrowings | (10,005,000) |  |  | (28,900,000) |
Payment to repurchase common stock | (157,000) |  |  | (96,000) |
Proceeds from sale of common stock | 497,000 |  |  | 488,000 |
Dividends paid | (9,936,000) |  |  | (9,574,000) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 201,829,000 |  |  | 58,123,000 |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | 8,309,000 |  |  | 2,284,000 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 14,433,000 |  |  | 19,134,000 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 22,742,000 |  |  | $ | 21,418,000 |

6

| For the nine months ended
| September 30, 2020 |  | September 30, 2019
Interest paid | $ | 14,066,000 |  |  | $ | 19,858,000 |
Income taxes paid | 3,917,000 |  |  | 3,390,000 |
Non-cash transactions |  |  |
Net transfer from loans to other real estate owned | $ | 827,000 |  |  | $ | — |

See Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
7

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
The First Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Note 1 – Basis of Presentation
The First Bancorp, Inc. ("the Company") is a financial holding company that owns all of the common stock of First National Bank ("the Bank"). The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of Management, all adjustments (consisting of normally recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All significant intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation. The income reported for the 2020 period is not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company's annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
Risks and Uncertainties
The impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to cause disruption and uncertainty in the local, national, and world economies. To curtail spread of the virus, governments at all levels have encouraged social distancing and many have imposed restrictions on travel and group meetings, and/or mandated shut-downs of all but essential businesses. The pace of re-opening varies across the United States, and some locations have considered or proceeded with reimposed restrictions after experiencing increases in infection rates. Much of the unprecedented uncertainty surrounding the duration of the pandemic, its potential economic ramifications, and any government actions to mitigate them initially experienced in the first two quarters of 2020 has continued in the third quarter and early stages of the the fourth quarter.
The Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations generally rely upon the ability of the Bank’s borrowers to repay their loans, the value of collateral underlying the Bank’s secured loans, and demand for loans and other products and services the Bank offers, which are highly dependent on the business environment in the Bank’s primary markets where it operates and in the United States as a whole. The Bank's primary market is the State of Maine, which relies upon tourism for a significant percentage of its economic activity. COVID-19 has adversely impacted the tourism industry to a greater degree than other industries, however, it remains the case that an assessment of the impact cannot be completed with a high degree of certainty at this time. In addition to loans, demand for other products and services could be impacted by COVID-19. Depositors and other funding sources may be unwilling to renew certificates of deposit or other types of funding, or may only be willing to do so on terms, including higher interest rates, that are materially less favorable than the Bank has experienced in the recent past. Certain fee based activities such as service charges, interchange revenues, and wealth management activity, could be impacted due to lower activity or market declines. Accordingly, while management expects this matter may have a negative impact on the Company's financial position and results of future operations, the materiality of such potential impact cannot be reasonably estimated as of the date of this report, November 6, 2020.
Subsequent Events
Events occurring subsequent to September 30, 2020, have been evaluated as to their potential impact to the financial statements.
8

Note 2 – Investment Securities
The following table summarizes the amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities at September 30, 2020:

| Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value (Estimated)
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored agencies | $ | 27,545,000 |  |  | $ | 180,000 |  |  | $ | (228,000) |  |  | $ | 27,497,000 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 270,336,000 |  |  | 6,737,000 |  |  | (649,000) |  |  | 276,424,000 |
State and political subdivisions | 35,271,000 |  |  | 1,240,000 |  |  | (292,000) |  |  | 36,219,000 |
| $ | 333,152,000 |  |  | $ | 8,157,000 |  |  | $ | (1,169,000) |  |  | $ | 340,140,000 |
Securities to be held to maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored agencies | $ | 26,146,000 |  |  | $ | 294,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 26,440,000 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 43,414,000 |  |  | 844,000 |  |  | (119,000) |  |  | 44,139,000 |
State and political subdivisions | 245,152,000 |  |  | 8,660,000 |  |  | (69,000) |  |  | 253,743,000 |
Corporate securities | 17,250,000 |  |  | 490,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,740,000 |
| $ | 331,962,000 |  |  | $ | 10,288,000 |  |  | $ | (188,000) |  |  | $ | 342,062,000 |
Restricted equity securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock | $ | 9,508,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,508,000 |
Federal Reserve Bank Stock | 1,037,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,037,000 |
| $ | 10,545,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,545,000 |

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities at December 31, 2019:

| Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value (Estimated)
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored agencies | $ | 7,500,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (102,000) |  |  | $ | 7,398,000 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 323,277,000 |  |  | 4,173,000 |  |  | (833,000) |  |  | 326,617,000 |
State and political subdivisions | 25,113,000 |  |  | 1,392,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,505,000 |
| $ | 355,890,000 |  |  | $ | 5,565,000 |  |  | $ | (935,000) |  |  | $ | 360,520,000 |
Securities to be held to maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored agencies | $ | 32,840,000 |  |  | $ | 47,000 |  |  | $ | (26,000) |  |  | $ | 32,861,000 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 14,431,000 |  |  | 450,000 |  |  | (16,000) |  |  | 14,865,000 |
State and political subdivisions | 219,585,000 |  |  | 4,936,000 |  |  | (109,000) |  |  | 224,412,000 |
Corporate securities | 14,750,000 |  |  | 157,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,907,000 |
| $ | 281,606,000 |  |  | $ | 5,590,000 |  |  | $ | (151,000) |  |  | $ | 287,045,000 |
Restricted equity securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock | $ | 7,945,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,945,000 |
Federal Reserve Bank Stock | 1,037,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,037,000 |
| $ | 8,982,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,982,000 |

9

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities at September 30, 2019:

| Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value (Estimated)
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities | $ | 317,553,000 |  |  | $ | 5,327,000 |  |  | $ | (690,000) |  |  | $ | 322,190,000 |
State and political subdivisions | 4,580,000 |  |  | 28,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,608,000 |
| $ | 322,133,000 |  |  | $ | 5,355,000 |  |  | $ | (690,000) |  |  | $ | 326,798,000 |
Securities to be held to maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored agencies | $ | 32,840,000 |  |  | $ | 93,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,933,000 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 15,584,000 |  |  | 502,000 |  |  | (16,000) |  |  | 16,070,000 |
State and political subdivisions | 236,612,000 |  |  | 7,136,000 |  |  | (48,000) |  |  | 243,700,000 |
Corporate securities | 13,750,000 |  |  | 194,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,944,000 |
| $ | 298,786,000 |  |  | $ | 7,925,000 |  |  | $ | (64,000) |  |  | $ | 306,647,000 |
Restricted equity securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock | $ | 7,945,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,945,000 |
Federal Reserve Bank Stock | 1,037,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,037,000 |
| $ | 8,982,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,982,000 |

The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of investment securities at September 30, 2020:

| Securities available for sale |  | Securities to be held to maturity
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value (Estimated) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value (Estimated)
Due in 1 year or less | $ | 7,097,000 |  |  | $ | 7,159,000 |  |  | $ | 2,454,000 |  |  | $ | 2,462,000 |
Due in 1 to 5 years | 23,789,000 |  |  | 24,260,000 |  |  | 32,595,000 |  |  | 33,683,000 |
Due in 5 to 10 years | 58,430,000 |  |  | 60,086,000 |  |  | 176,400,000 |  |  | 182,370,000 |
Due after 10 years | 243,836,000 |  |  | 248,635,000 |  |  | 120,513,000 |  |  | 123,547,000 |
| $ | 333,152,000 |  |  | $ | 340,140,000 |  |  | $ | 331,962,000 |  |  | $ | 342,062,000 |

The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of investment securities at December 31, 2019:

| Securities available for sale |  | Securities to be held to maturity
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value (Estimated) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value (Estimated)
Due in 1 year or less | $ | 127,000 |  |  | $ | 127,000 |  |  | $ | 1,334,000 |  |  | $ | 1,338,000 |
Due in 1 to 5 years | 36,534,000 |  |  | 36,778,000 |  |  | 25,860,000 |  |  | 26,323,000 |
Due in 5 to 10 years | 93,134,000 |  |  | 95,014,000 |  |  | 179,133,000 |  |  | 182,834,000 |
Due after 10 years | 226,095,000 |  |  | 228,601,000 |  |  | 75,279,000 |  |  | 76,550,000 |
| $ | 355,890,000 |  |  | $ | 360,520,000 |  |  | $ | 281,606,000 |  |  | $ | 287,045,000 |

10

The following table summarizes the contractual maturities of investment securities at September 30, 2019:

| Securities available for sale |  | Securities to be held to maturity
| Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value (Estimated) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value (Estimated)
Due in 1 year or less | $ | 189,000 |  |  | $ | 189,000 |  |  | $ | 1,241,000 |  |  | $ | 1,245,000 |
Due in 1 to 5 years | 36,304,000 |  |  | 36,703,000 |  |  | 23,460,000 |  |  | 23,920,000 |
Due in 5 to 10 years | 91,242,000 |  |  | 93,419,000 |  |  | 184,234,000 |  |  | 188,811,000 |
Due after 10 years | 194,398,000 |  |  | 196,487,000 |  |  | 89,851,000 |  |  | 92,671,000 |
| $ | 322,133,000 |  |  | $ | 326,798,000 |  |  | $ | 298,786,000 |  |  | $ | 306,647,000 |

At September 30, 2020, securities with a fair value of $285,253,000 were pledged to secure public deposits, repurchase agreements, and for other purposes as required by law. This compares to securities with a fair value of $214,173,000 as of December 31, 2019 and $216,903,000 at September 30, 2019, pledged for the same purposes.
Gains and losses on the sale of securities are computed by subtracting the amortized cost at the time of sale from the security's selling price, net of accrued interest to be received. The following table shows securities gains and losses for the nine months and quarters ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

| For the nine months ended September 30, |  | For the quarter ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Proceeds from sales of securities | $ | 79,469,000 |  |  | $ | 4,725,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,725,000 |
Gross realized gains | 1,526,000 |  |  | 82,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 82,000 |
Gross realized losses | (347,000) |  |  | (67,000) |  |  | — |  |  | (67,000) |
Net gain | $ | 1,179,000 |  |  | $ | 15,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,000 |
Related income taxes | $ | 248,000 |  |  | $ | 3,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,000 |

Sales include 28 municipal securities sold in the second quarter of 2020 that had been designated as Held to Maturity. Proceeds from these sales totaled $8,600,000 against a cumulative book value of $8,313,000 resulting in a net realized gain of $268,000. The economic potential impact of COVID-19 is considered to be an isolated and unusual event that could not be reasonably anticipated as outlined in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Section 320-10-25. Management conducted a review of its municipal bond portfolio in conjunction with risk mitigation efforts related to the onset of the COVID-19 virus; the intent of the review was to identify investment exposures with lower relative credit ratings, locales with perceived above average economic risk, municipal entities with reliance upon sales tax or income tax revenue, or any combination of these factors. Each of the sold positions met one or more of the criteria.
Management reviews securities with unrealized losses for other than temporary impairment. As of September 30, 2020, there were 75 securities with unrealized losses held in the Company's portfolio. These securities were temporarily impaired as a result of changes in interest rates reducing their fair value, of which 10 had been temporarily impaired for 12 months or more. The Company has the ability and intent to hold its impaired securities until a recovery of their amortized cost, which may be at maturity.
Information regarding securities temporarily impaired as of September 30, 2020 is summarized below:

| Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
| Fair Value (Estimated) |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value (Estimated) |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value (Estimated) |  | Unrealized Losses
U.S. Government-sponsored agencies | $ | 16,817,000 |  |  | $ | (228,000) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16,817,000 |  |  | $ | (228,000) |
Mortgage-backed securities | 79,816,000 |  |  | (654,000) |  |  | 4,216,000 |  |  | (114,000) |  |  | 84,032,000 |  |  | (768,000) |
State and political subdivisions | 19,201,000 |  |  | (361,000) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,201,000 |  |  | (361,000) |
| $ | 115,834,000 |  |  | $ | (1,243,000) |  |  | $ | 4,216,000 |  |  | $ | (114,000) |  |  | $ | 120,050,000 |  |  | $ | (1,357,000) |

11

As of December 31, 2019, there were 86 securities with unrealized losses held in the Company's portfolio. These securities were temporarily impaired as a result of changes in interest rates reducing their fair value, of which 28 had been temporarily impaired for 12 months or more.
Information regarding securities temporarily impaired as of December 31, 2019 is summarized below:

| Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
| Fair Value (Estimated) |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value (Estimated) |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value (Estimated) |  | Unrealized Losses
U.S. Government-sponsored agencies | $ | 12,372,000 |  |  | $ | (128,000) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,372,000 |  |  | $ | (128,000) |
Mortgage-backed securities | 54,244,000 |  |  | (359,000) |  |  | 18,696,000 |  |  | (490,000) |  |  | 72,940,000 |  |  | (849,000) |
State and political subdivisions | 10,532,000 |  |  | (101,000) |  |  | 304,000 |  |  | (8,000) |  |  | 10,836,000 |  |  | (109,000) |
| $ | 77,148,000 |  |  | $ | (588,000) |  |  | $ | 19,000,000 |  |  | $ | (498,000) |  |  | $ | 96,148,000 |  |  | $ | (1,086,000) |

As of September 30, 2019, there were 60 securities with unrealized losses held in the Company's portfolio. These securities were temporarily impaired as a result of changes in interest rates reducing their fair value, of which 29 had been temporarily impaired for 12 months or more. In the first quarter of 2019, one issuer of securities held in the portfolio was downgraded by a rating agency to less than investment grade. These securities totaled approximately 0.13% of overall state and municipal security holdings and were subsequently sold during the third quarter 2019.
Information regarding securities temporarily impaired as of September 30, 2019 is summarized below:

| Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
| Fair Value (Estimated) |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value (Estimated) |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value (Estimated) |  | Unrealized Losses
Mortgage-backed securities | $ | 30,249,000 |  |  | $ | (233,000) |  |  | $ | 22,569,000 |  |  | $ | (473,000) |  |  | $ | 52,818,000 |  |  | $ | (706,000) |
State and political subdivisions | 5,073,000 |  |  | (42,000) |  |  | 306,000 |  |  | (6,000) |  |  | 5,379,000 |  |  | (48,000) |
| $ | 35,322,000 |  |  | $ | (275,000) |  |  | $ | 22,875,000 |  |  | $ | (479,000) |  |  | $ | 58,197,000 |  |  | $ | (754,000) |

During the third quarter of 2014, the Company transferred securities with a total amortized cost of $89,780,000 with a corresponding fair value of $89,757,000 from available for sale to held to maturity. The net unrealized loss, net of taxes, on these securities at the date of the transfer was $15,000. The net unrealized holding loss at the time of transfer continues to be reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax and is amortized over the remaining lives of the
securities as an adjustment of the yield. The amortization of the net unrealized loss reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) will offset the effect on interest income of the discount for the transferred securities. The remaining unamortized balance of the net unrealized losses for the securities transferred from available for sale to held to maturity was $139,000, net of tax, at September 30, 2020. This compares to $182,000 and $189,000, net of taxes, at December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019, respectively. These securities were transferred as a part of the Company's overall investment and balance sheet strategies.
The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") of Boston, a cooperatively owned wholesale bank for housing and finance in the six New England States. As a requirement of membership in the FHLB, the Bank must own a minimum required amount of FHLB stock, calculated periodically based primarily on its level of borrowings from the FHLB. The Bank uses the FHLB for a portion of its wholesale funding needs. As of September 30, 2020 and 2019, and December 31, 2019, the Bank's investment in FHLB stock totaled $9,508,000, $7,945,000 and $7,945,000, respectively. FHLB stock is a non-marketable equity security and therefore is reported at cost, which equals par value. The Company periodically evaluates its investment in FHLB stock for impairment based on, among other factors, the capital adequacy of the FHLB and its overall financial condition. No impairment losses have been recorded through September 30, 2020. The Company will continue to monitor its investment in FHLB stock.
12

Note 3 – Loans
The following table shows the composition of the Company's loan portfolio as of September 30, 2020 and 2019 and at December 31, 2019:

| September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | September 30, 2019 |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 407,128,000 |  |  | 28.3 |  | % | $ | 372,810,000 |  |  | 28.7 |  | % | $ | 368,165,000 |  |  | 29.1 |  | %
Construction | 52,038,000 |  |  | 3.6 |  | % | 38,084,000 |  |  | 3.0 |  | % | 37,242,000 |  |  | 2.9 |  | %
Other | 309,297,000 |  |  | 21.5 |  | % | 218,773,000 |  |  | 16.9 |  | % | 201,859,000 |  |  | 16.0 |  | %
Municipal | 44,110,000 |  |  | 3.1 |  | % | 41,288,000 |  |  | 3.2 |  | % | 36,522,000 |  |  | 2.9 |  | %
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 497,667,000 |  |  | 34.6 |  | % | 492,455,000 |  |  | 37.9 |  | % | 485,490,000 |  |  | 38.4 |  | %
Construction | 16,101,000 |  |  | 1.2 |  | % | 14,813,000 |  |  | 1.2 |  | % | 14,118,000 |  |  | 1.1 |  | %
Home equity line of credit | 82,982,000 |  |  | 5.8 |  | % | 92,349,000 |  |  | 7.1 |  | % | 94,144,000 |  |  | 7.5 |  | %
Consumer | 27,323,000 |  |  | 1.9 |  | % | 26,503,000 |  |  | 2.0 |  | % | 25,919,000 |  |  | 2.1 |  | %
Total | $ | 1,436,646,000 |  |  | 100.0 |  | % | $ | 1,297,075,000 |  |  | 100.0 |  | % | $ | 1,263,459,000 |  |  | 100.0 |  | %

Loan balances include net deferred loan costs of $5,323,000 as of September 30, 2020, $7,419,000 as of December 31, 2019, and $7,181,000 as of September 30, 2019. The decrease in net deferred loan costs year-over-year and year-to-date is attributable to PPP loans originated during the second and third quarters of 2020. These loans generated gross origination fee income of $3,797,000 and deferred loan costs of $299,000; year-to-date a net of $788,000 in PPP fees was recognized in interest income. Pursuant to collateral agreements, qualifying first mortgage loans and commercial real estate loans, which totaled $379,387,000 at September 30, 2020, were used to collateralize borrowings from the FHLB. This compares to qualifying loans which totaled $296,871,000 at December 31, 2019, and $308,163,000 at September 30, 2019. In addition, commercial, construction and home equity loans totaling $271,905,000 at September 30, 2020, $240,133,000 at December 31, 2019, and $254,076,000 at September 30, 2019, were used to collateralize a standby line of credit at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
For all loan classes, loans over 30 days past due are considered delinquent. Information on the past-due status of loans by class of financing receivable as of September 30, 2020, is presented in the following table:

| 30-59 Days Past Due |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | 90+ Days Past Due |  | All Past Due |  | Current |  | Total |  | 90+ Days & Accruing
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 2,397,000 |  |  | $ | 58,000 |  |  | $ | 454,000 |  |  | $ | 2,909,000 |  |  | $ | 404,219,000 |  |  | $ | 407,128,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | 80,000 |  |  | 80,000 |  |  | 51,958,000 |  |  | 52,038,000 |  |  | — |
Other | 547,000 |  |  | 258,000 |  |  | 1,871,000 |  |  | 2,676,000 |  |  | 306,621,000 |  |  | 309,297,000 |  |  | 1,464,000 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44,110,000 |  |  | 44,110,000 |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 2,550,000 |  |  | 357,000 |  |  | 1,602,000 |  |  | 4,509,000 |  |  | 493,158,000 |  |  | 497,667,000 |  |  | — |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,101,000 |  |  | 16,101,000 |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 868,000 |  |  | 65,000 |  |  | 1,392,000 |  |  | 2,325,000 |  |  | 80,657,000 |  |  | 82,982,000 |  |  | — |
Consumer | 219,000 |  |  | 28,000 |  |  | 30,000 |  |  | 277,000 |  |  | 27,046,000 |  |  | 27,323,000 |  |  | 30,000 |
Total | $ | 6,581,000 |  |  | $ | 766,000 |  |  | $ | 5,429,000 |  |  | $ | 12,776,000 |  |  | $ | 1,423,870,000 |  |  | $ | 1,436,646,000 |  |  | $ | 1,494,000 |

On March 22, 2020, banking regulators issued an Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting in response to the onset of COVID-19; shortly thereafter, on March 30, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act was passed. Both the Interagency Statement and the CARES Act provided an exemption for qualified modifications from Troubled Debt Restructure (TDR) designation. The Company actively worked with borrowers impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak and as of September 30, 2020, a total of 996 loan modification requests for interest-only payments or deferred payments had been completed in conformance with the Interagency Statement or CARES Act, representing $279,700,000 in loan balances, or approximately 20.8% of the loan portfolio excluding PPP balances. One of these modifications of de minimis amount has been classified as a Troubled Debt Restructure since being modified. So long as modified terms are met, loans in an active modification are not included in past due loan totals and continue to accrue interest.
13

As of September 30, 2020, loans totaling $81.0 million, or 6.0% of all loans, remained in either their original modification or a subsequent modification. Modification statuses by portfolio segment are summarized below:

Commercial/Municipal Loan Modifications
| Units | Percentage | Balance | Percentage
Paid Off | 34 | 6.0 | % | $ | 6,031,000 |  | 3.0 | %
Subsequent Modification | 41 | 7.0 | % | 20,443,000 |  | 9.0 | %
Still in Original Modification | 55 | 9.0 | % | 30,188,000 |  | 13.0 | %
Out of Modification | 452 | 78.0 | % | 171,407,000 |  | 75.0 | %
Total | 582 | 100.0 | % | $ | 228,069,000 |  | 100.0 | %
Residential Real Estate Modifications
| Units | Percentage | Balance | Percentage
Paid Off | 17 | 5.0 | % | $ | 3,102,000 |  | 6.0 | %
Subsequent Modification | 97 | 28.0 | % | 13,857,000 |  | 27.0 | %
Still in Original Modification | 125 | 35.0 | % | 15,565,000 |  | 31.0 | %
Out of Modification | 111 | 32.0 | % | 17,949,000 |  | 36.0 | %
Total | 350 | 100.0 | % | $ | 50,473,000 |  | 100.0 | %

Consumer Loan Modifications
| Units | Percentage | Balance | Percentage
Paid Off | 8 | 13.0 | % | $ | 95,000 |  | 9.0 | %
Subsequent Modification | — |  | — | % | — |  | — | %
Still in Original Modification | 52 | 81.0 | % | 967,000 |  | 86.0 | %
Out of Modification | 4 | 6.0 | % | 58,000 |  | 5.0 | %
Total | 64 | 100.0 | % | $ | 1,120,000 |  | 100.0 | %

Information on the past-due status of loans by class of financing receivable as of December 31, 2019, is presented in the following table:

| 30-59 Days Past Due |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | 90+ Days Past Due |  | All Past Due |  | Current |  | Total |  | 90+ Days & Accruing
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 786,000 |  |  | $ | 377,000 |  |  | $ | 611,000 |  |  | $ | 1,774,000 |  |  | $ | 371,036,000 |  |  | $ | 372,810,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Construction | — |  |  | 14,000 |  |  | 257,000 |  |  | 271,000 |  |  | 37,813,000 |  |  | 38,084,000 |  |  | — |
Other | 2,764,000 |  |  | 465,000 |  |  | 1,799,000 |  |  | 5,028,000 |  |  | 213,745,000 |  |  | 218,773,000 |  |  | 1,464,000 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41,288,000 |  |  | 41,288,000 |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 1,129,000 |  |  | 1,132,000 |  |  | 2,379,000 |  |  | 4,640,000 |  |  | 487,815,000 |  |  | 492,455,000 |  |  | 86,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,813,000 |  |  | 14,813,000 |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 1,169,000 |  |  | 58,000 |  |  | 1,730,000 |  |  | 2,957,000 |  |  | 89,392,000 |  |  | 92,349,000 |  |  | — |
Consumer | 291,000 |  |  | 46,000 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | 347,000 |  |  | 26,156,000 |  |  | 26,503,000 |  |  | 10,000 |
Total | $ | 6,139,000 |  |  | $ | 2,092,000 |  |  | $ | 6,786,000 |  |  | $ | 15,017,000 |  |  | $ | 1,282,058,000 |  |  | $ | 1,297,075,000 |  |  | $ | 1,560,000 |

14

Information on the past-due status of loans by class of financing receivable as of September 30, 2019, is presented in the following table:

| 30-59 Days Past Due |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  | 90+ Days Past Due |  | All Past Due |  | Current |  | Total |  | 90+ Days & Accruing
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 305,000 |  |  | $ | 233,000 |  |  | $ | 661,000 |  |  | $ | 1,199,000 |  |  | $ | 366,966,000 |  |  | $ | 368,165,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Construction | 14,000 |  |  | 279,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 293,000 |  |  | 36,949,000 |  |  | 37,242,000 |  |  | — |
Other | 35,000 |  |  | 289,000 |  |  | 339,000 |  |  | 663,000 |  |  | 201,196,000 |  |  | 201,859,000 |  |  | — |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,522,000 |  |  | 36,522,000 |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 650,000 |  |  | 767,000 |  |  | 3,806,000 |  |  | 5,223,000 |  |  | 480,267,000 |  |  | 485,490,000 |  |  | — |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,118,000 |  |  | 14,118,000 |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 693,000 |  |  | 306,000 |  |  | 868,000 |  |  | 1,867,000 |  |  | 92,277,000 |  |  | 94,144,000 |  |  | — |
Consumer | 234,000 |  |  | 317,000 |  |  | 18,000 |  |  | 569,000 |  |  | 25,350,000 |  |  | 25,919,000 |  |  | 18,000 |
Total | $ | 1,931,000 |  |  | $ | 2,191,000 |  |  | $ | 5,692,000 |  |  | $ | 9,814,000 |  |  | $ | 1,253,645,000 |  |  | $ | 1,263,459,000 |  |  | $ | 18,000 |

For all classes, loans are placed on non-accrual status when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement or when principal and interest is 90 days or more past due unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection (in which case the loan may continue to accrue interest in spite of its past due status). A loan is "well secured" if it is secured (1) by collateral in the form of liens on or pledges of real or personal property, including securities, that have a realizable value sufficient to discharge the debt (including accrued interest) in full, or (2) by the guarantee of a financially responsible party. A loan is "in the process of collection" if collection of the loan is proceeding in due course either (1) through legal action, including judgment enforcement procedures, or, (2) in appropriate circumstances, through collection efforts not involving legal action which are reasonably expected to result in repayment of the debt or in its restoration to a current status in the near future.
Cash payments received on non-accrual loans, which are included in impaired loans, are applied to reduce the loan's principal balance until the remaining principal balance is deemed collectible, after which interest is recognized when collected. As a general rule, a loan may be restored to accrual status when payments are current for a substantial period of time, generally six months, and repayment of the remaining contractual amounts is expected, or when it otherwise becomes well secured and in the process of collection. Information on nonaccrual loans as of September 30, 2020 and 2019 and at December 31, 2019 is presented in the following table:

| September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | September 30, 2019
Commercial |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 1,771,000 |  |  | $ | 1,784,000 |  |  | $ | 1,807,000 |
Construction | 307,000 |  |  | 256,000 |  |  | 256,000 |
Other | 503,000 |  |  | 6,534,000 |  |  | 6,871,000 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |
Term | 4,467,000 |  |  | 5,899,000 |  |  | 6,840,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 2,063,000 |  |  | 2,171,000 |  |  | 1,078,000 |
Consumer | — |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | 6,000 |
Total | $ | 9,111,000 |  |  | $ | 16,649,000 |  |  | $ | 16,858,000 |

Impaired loans include TDR loans and loans placed on non-accrual. These loans are measured at the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or at the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. If the measure of an impaired loan is lower than the recorded investment in the loan and estimated selling costs, a specific reserve is established for the difference, or, in certain situations, if the measure of an impaired loan is lower than the recorded investment in the loan and estimated selling costs, the difference is written off.
15

A breakdown of impaired loans by class of financing receivable as of and for the periods ended September 30, 2020 is presented in the following table:

|  |  |  |  |  |  | For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 |  | For the quarter ended September 30, 2020
| Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Recognized Interest Income |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Recognized Interest Income
With No Related Allowance
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 3,730,000 |  |  | $ | 4,528,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,673,000 |  |  | $ | 117,000 |  |  | $ | 4,068,000 |  |  | $ | 33,000 |
Construction | 308,000 |  |  | 337,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 402,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 256,000 |  |  | — |
Other | 862,000 |  |  | 887,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 796,000 |  |  | 19,000 |  |  | 814,000 |  |  | 6,000 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 7,783,000 |  |  | 9,058,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,173,000 |  |  | 123,000 |  |  | 8,024,000 |  |  | 31,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 1,478,000 |  |  | 1,551,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,284,000 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | 1,438,000 |  |  | 2,000 |
Consumer | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | 14,161,000 |  |  | $ | 16,361,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16,328,000 |  |  | $ | 269,000 |  |  | $ | 14,600,000 |  |  | $ | 72,000 |
With an Allowance Recorded
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 1,023,000 |  |  | $ | 1,047,000 |  |  | $ | 135,000 |  |  | $ | 1,032,000 |  |  | $ | 32,000 |  |  | $ | 1,027,000 |  |  | $ | 11,000 |
Construction | 701,000 |  |  | 701,000 |  |  | 19,000 |  |  | 546,000 |  |  | 25,000 |  |  | 701,000 |  |  | 8,000 |
Other | 161,000 |  |  | 183,000 |  |  | 128,000 |  |  | 1,523,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 143,000 |  |  | — |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 2,399,000 |  |  | 2,466,000 |  |  | 204,000 |  |  | 2,002,000 |  |  | 63,000 |  |  | 2,207,000 |  |  | 27,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 886,000 |  |  | 886,000 |  |  | 403,000 |  |  | 981,000 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 870,000 |  |  | 1,000 |
Consumer | 10,000 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,000 |  |  | — |
| $ | 5,180,000 |  |  | $ | 5,293,000 |  |  | $ | 890,000 |  |  | $ | 6,094,000 |  |  | $ | 121,000 |  |  | $ | 4,951,000 |  |  | $ | 47,000 |
Total
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 4,753,000 |  |  | $ | 5,575,000 |  |  | $ | 135,000 |  |  | $ | 5,705,000 |  |  | $ | 149,000 |  |  | $ | 5,095,000 |  |  | $ | 44,000 |
Construction | 1,009,000 |  |  | 1,038,000 |  |  | 19,000 |  |  | 948,000 |  |  | 25,000 |  |  | 957,000 |  |  | 8,000 |
Other | 1,023,000 |  |  | 1,070,000 |  |  | 128,000 |  |  | 2,319,000 |  |  | 19,000 |  |  | 957,000 |  |  | 6,000 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 10,182,000 |  |  | 11,524,000 |  |  | 204,000 |  |  | 11,175,000 |  |  | 186,000 |  |  | 10,231,000 |  |  | 58,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 2,364,000 |  |  | 2,437,000 |  |  | 403,000 |  |  | 2,265,000 |  |  | 11,000 |  |  | 2,308,000 |  |  | 3,000 |
Consumer | 10,000 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,000 |  |  | — |
| $ | 19,341,000 |  |  | $ | 21,654,000 |  |  | $ | 890,000 |  |  | $ | 22,422,000 |  |  | $ | 390,000 |  |  | $ | 19,551,000 |  |  | $ | 119,000 |

Substantially all interest income recognized on impaired loans for all classes of financing receivables was recognized on a cash basis as received.
16

A breakdown of impaired loans by class of financing receivable as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 is presented in the following table:

| Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Recognized Interest Income
With No Related Allowance
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 5,235,000 |  |  | $ | 5,492,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,611,000 |  |  | $ | 228,000 |
Construction | 958,000 |  |  | 970,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 936,000 |  |  | 47,000 |
Other | 756,000 |  |  | 786,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 965,000 |  |  | 29,000 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 10,176,000 |  |  | 11,931,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,033,000 |  |  | 269,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 1,087,000 |  |  | 1,151,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 997,000 |  |  | 20,000 |
Consumer | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | 18,212,000 |  |  | $ | 20,330,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20,542,000 |  |  | $ | 593,000 |
With an Allowance Recorded
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 1,074,000 |  |  | $ | 1,093,000 |  |  | $ | 251,000 |  |  | $ | 1,528,000 |  |  | $ | 60,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | 6,319,000 |  |  | 6,925,000 |  |  | 1,273,000 |  |  | 6,778,000 |  |  | — |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 2,263,000 |  |  | 2,412,000 |  |  | 237,000 |  |  | 2,424,000 |  |  | 82,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 1,401,000 |  |  | 1,412,000 |  |  | 447,000 |  |  | 283,000 |  |  | — |
Consumer | 5,000 |  |  | 6,000 |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | 2,000 |  |  | — |
| $ | 11,062,000 |  |  | $ | 11,848,000 |  |  | $ | 2,213,000 |  |  | $ | 11,015,000 |  |  | $ | 142,000 |
Total
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 6,309,000 |  |  | $ | 6,585,000 |  |  | $ | 251,000 |  |  | $ | 9,139,000 |  |  | $ | 288,000 |
Construction | 958,000 |  |  | 970,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 936,000 |  |  | 47,000 |
Other | 7,075,000 |  |  | 7,711,000 |  |  | 1,273,000 |  |  | 7,743,000 |  |  | 29,000 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 12,439,000 |  |  | 14,343,000 |  |  | 237,000 |  |  | 12,457,000 |  |  | 351,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 2,488,000 |  |  | 2,563,000 |  |  | 447,000 |  |  | 1,280,000 |  |  | 20,000 |
Consumer | 5,000 |  |  | 6,000 |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | 2,000 |  |  | — |
| $ | 29,274,000 |  |  | $ | 32,178,000 |  |  | $ | 2,213,000 |  |  | $ | 31,557,000 |  |  | $ | 735,000 |

17

A breakdown of impaired loans by class of financing receivable as of and for the periods ended September 30, 2019 is presented in the following table:

|  |  |  |  |  |  | For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 |  | For the quarter ended September 30, 2019
| Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Recognized Interest Income |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Recognized Interest Income
With No Related Allowance
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 7,332,000 |  |  | $ | 7,630,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,929,000 |  |  | $ | 266,000 |  |  | $ | 7,242,000 |  |  | $ | 83,000 |
Construction | 978,000 |  |  | 990,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 929,000 |  |  | 35,000 |  |  | 980,000 |  |  | 12,000 |
Other | 892,000 |  |  | 930,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 997,000 |  |  | 22,000 |  |  | 921,000 |  |  | 8,000 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 10,664,000 |  |  | 12,305,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,877,000 |  |  | 202,000 |  |  | 10,487,000 |  |  | 63,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 827,000 |  |  | 883,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 965,000 |  |  | 16,000 |  |  | 917,000 |  |  | 6,000 |
Consumer | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | 20,693,000 |  |  | $ | 22,738,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20,697,000 |  |  | $ | 541,000 |  |  | $ | 20,547,000 |  |  | $ | 172,000 |
With an Allowance Recorded
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 1,717,000 |  |  | $ | 1,732,000 |  |  | $ | 258,000 |  |  | $ | 1,538,000 |  |  | $ | 72,000 |  |  | $ | 1,721,000 |  |  | $ | 23,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | 6,440,000 |  |  | 6,949,000 |  |  | 1,275,000 |  |  | 6,918,000 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | 6,465,000 |  |  | 1,000 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 2,782,000 |  |  | 3,121,000 |  |  | 337,000 |  |  | 2,306,000 |  |  | 61,000 |  |  | 2,858,000 |  |  | 25,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 571,000 |  |  | 590,000 |  |  | 184,000 |  |  | 99,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 248,000 |  |  | — |
Consumer | 6,000 |  |  | 6,000 |  |  | 6,000 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,000 |  |  | — |
| $ | 11,516,000 |  |  | $ | 12,398,000 |  |  | $ | 2,060,000 |  |  | $ | 10,862,000 |  |  | $ | 134,000 |  |  | $ | 11,294,000 |  |  | $ | 49,000 |
Total
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 9,049,000 |  |  | $ | 9,362,000 |  |  | $ | 258,000 |  |  | $ | 9,467,000 |  |  | $ | 338,000 |  |  | $ | 8,963,000 |  |  | $ | 106,000 |
Construction | 978,000 |  |  | 990,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 929,000 |  |  | 35,000 |  |  | 980,000 |  |  | 12,000 |
Other | 7,332,000 |  |  | 7,879,000 |  |  | 1,275,000 |  |  | 7,915,000 |  |  | 23,000 |  |  | 7,386,000 |  |  | 9,000 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 13,446,000 |  |  | 15,426,000 |  |  | 337,000 |  |  | 12,183,000 |  |  | 263,000 |  |  | 13,345,000 |  |  | 88,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 1,398,000 |  |  | 1,473,000 |  |  | 184,000 |  |  | 1,064,000 |  |  | 16,000 |  |  | 1,165,000 |  |  | 6,000 |
Consumer | 6,000 |  |  | 6,000 |  |  | 6,000 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,000 |  |  | — |
| $ | 32,209,000 |  |  | $ | 35,136,000 |  |  | $ | 2,060,000 |  |  | $ | 31,559,000 |  |  | $ | 675,000 |  |  | $ | 31,841,000 |  |  | $ | 221,000 |

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Troubled Debt Restructured
A "TDR" constitutes a restructuring of debt if the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower's financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. To determine whether or not a loan should be classified as a TDR, Management evaluates a loan based upon the following criteria:
•The borrower demonstrates financial difficulty; common indicators include past due status with bank obligations, substandard credit bureau reports, or an inability to refinance with another lender, and
•The Company has granted a concession; common concession types include maturity date extension, interest rate adjustments to below market pricing, and deferment of payments.
As of September 30, 2020, the Company had 78 loans with a balance of $13,390,000 that have been classified as TDRs. This compares to 81 loans with a balance of $21,424,000 and 82 loans with a balance of $24,281,000 classified as TDRs as of December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019, respectively. The impairment carried as a specific reserve in the allowance for loan losses is calculated by present valuing the expected cash flows on the loan at the original interest rate, or, for collateral-dependent loans, using the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell.
The following table shows TDRs by class and the specific reserve as of September 30, 2020:

| Number of Loans |  | Balance |  | Specific Reserves
Commercial |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | 16 |  |  | $ | 4,054,000 |  |  | $ | 130,000 |
Construction | 1 |  |  | 701,000 |  |  | 19,000 |
Other | 6 |  |  | 729,000 |  |  | 92,000 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |
Term | 51 |  |  | 7,430,000 |  |  | 153,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 3 |  |  | 466,000 |  |  | — |
Consumer | 1 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | 1,000 |
| 78 |  |  | $ | 13,390,000 |  |  | $ | 395,000 |

The following table shows TDRs by class and the specific reserve as of December 31, 2019:

| Number of Loans |  | Balance |  | Specific Reserves
Commercial |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | 17 |  |  | $ | 4,836,000 |  |  | $ | 246,000 |
Construction | 1 |  |  | 701,000 |  |  | — |
Other | 8 |  |  | 6,932,000 |  |  | 1,231,000 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |
Term | 52 |  |  | 8,472,000 |  |  | 200,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 3 |  |  | 483,000 |  |  | — |
Consumer | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| 81 |  |  | $ | 21,424,000 |  |  | $ | 1,677,000 |

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The following table shows TDRs by class and the specific reserve as of September 30, 2019:

| Number of Loans |  | Balance |  | Specific Reserves
Commercial |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | 19 |  |  | $ | 7,559,000 |  |  | $ | 249,000 |
Construction | 1 |  |  | 721,000 |  |  | — |
Other | 7 |  |  | 6,951,000 |  |  | 1,232,000 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |
Term | 52 |  |  | 8,563,000 |  |  | 202,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 3 |  |  | 487,000 |  |  | — |
Consumer | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| 82 |  |  | $ | 24,281,000 |  |  | $ | 1,683,000 |

As of September 30, 2020, 15 of the loans classified as TDRs with a total balance of $2,814,000 were more than 30 days past due. Of these loans, two had been placed on TDR status in the previous 12 months. The following table shows these TDRs by class and the associated specific reserves included in the allowance for loan losses as of September 30, 2020:

| Number of Loans |  | Balance |  | Specific Reserves
Commercial |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | 3 |  |  | $ | 1,472,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | 4 |  |  | 424,000 |  |  | 92,000 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |
Term | 6 |  |  | 743,000 |  |  | — |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 1 |  |  | 165,000 |  |  | — |
Consumer | 1 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | 1,000 |
| 15 |  |  | $ | 2,814,000 |  |  | $ | 93,000 |

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As of September 30, 2019, nine of the loans classified as TDRs with a total balance of $1,084,000 were more than 30 days past due. Of these loans, four had been placed on TDR status in the previous 12 months. The following table shows these TDRs by class and the associated specific reserves included in the allowance for loan losses as of September 30, 2019:

| Number of Loans |  | Balance |  | Specific Reserves
Commercial |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | 3 |  |  | 251,000 |  |  | 131,000 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |
Term | 5 |  |  | 666,000 |  |  | 11,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 1 |  |  | 167,000 |  |  | — |
Consumer | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| 9 |  |  | $ | 1,084,000 |  |  | $ | 142,000 |

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, three loans were placed on TDR status. The following table shows these TDRs, by class and the associated specific reserves included in the allowance for loan losses as of September 30, 2020:

| Number of Loans |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Specific Reserves
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 2 |  |  | 235,000 |  |  | 187,000 |  |  | 23,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer | 1 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | 1,000 |
| 3 |  |  | $ | 245,000 |  |  | $ | 197,000 |  |  | $ | 24,000 |

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For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, 10 loans were placed on TDR status. The following table shows these TDRs by class and associated specific reserves included in the allowance for loan losses as of September 30, 2019:

| Number of Loans |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Specific Reserves
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | 2 |  |  | $ | 110,000 |  |  | $ | 95,000 |  |  | $ | 95,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 8 |  |  | 998,000 |  |  | 882,000 |  |  | 73,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| 10 |  |  | $ | 1,108,000 |  |  | $ | 977,000 |  |  | $ | 168,000 |

For the quarter ended September 30, 2020, one loan was placed on TDR status. The following table shows these TDRs by class and the associated specific reserves included in the allowance for loan losses as of September 30, 2020:

| Number of Loans |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Specific Reserves
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer | 1 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | 1,000 |
| 1 |  |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | 1,000 |

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For the quarter ended September 30, 2019, two loans were placed on TDR status. The following table shows these TDRs by class and the associated specific reserves included in the allowance for loan losses as of September 30, 2019:

| Number of Loans |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Specific Reserves
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 2 |  |  | 317,000 |  |  | 276,000 |  |  | — |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| 2 |  |  | $ | 317,000 |  |  | $ | 276,000 |  |  | $ | — |

As of September 30, 2020, Management is aware of eight loans classified as TDRs that are involved in bankruptcy with an outstanding balance of $911,000. There were also 22 loans with an outstanding balance of $3,159,000 that were classified as TDRs and on non-accrual status, of which two loans with an outstanding balance of $430,000 were in the process of foreclosure.
Residential Mortgage Loans in Process of Foreclosure
As of September 30, 2020, there were 17 mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate in the process of foreclosure with a total balance of $2,083,000. This compares to 15 mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate in the process of foreclosure with a total balance of $1,649,000 as of September 30, 2019.
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Note 4. Allowance for Loan Losses
The Company provides for loan losses through the establishment of an allowance for loan losses which represents an estimated reserve for existing losses in the loan portfolio. A systematic methodology is used for determining the allowance that includes a quarterly review process, risk rating changes, and adjustments to the allowance. The loan portfolio is classified in eight classes and credit risk is evaluated separately in each class. Major risk characteristics relevant to each portfolio segment are as follows:
Commercial Real Estate - Commercial real estate loans are impacted by factors such as competitive market forces, vacancy rates, cap rates, net operating incomes, lease renewals and overall economic demand. In addition, loans in the recreational and tourism sector can be affected by weather conditions, such as unseasonably low winter snowfalls. Commercial real estate lending also carries a higher degree of environmental risk than other real estate lending.
Commercial Construction - Commercial construction loans are impacted by factors similar to those for commercial real estate loans in addition to risks related to contractor financial capacity and ability to complete a project within acceptable time frames and within budget.
Commercial Other - A weakened economy, soft consumer spending, and the rising cost of labor or raw materials are examples of issues that can impact the credit quality in this segment.
Municipal Loans - The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, has an impact on the credit quality of this segment.
Residential Real Estate Term - The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, has an impact on the credit quality of this segment.
Residential Real Estate Construction - Residential construction loans are impacted by factors similar to those for residential real estate term loans in addition to risks related to contractor financial capacity and ability to complete a project within acceptable time frames and within budget.
Home Equity Line of Credit - The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates and housing prices, has an impact on the credit quality of this segment.
Consumer -The overall health of the economy, including unemployment rates, has an impact on the credit quality of this segment.
The appropriate level of the allowance is evaluated continually based on a review of significant loans, with a particular emphasis on nonaccruing, past due, and other loans that may require special attention. Other factors include general conditions in local and national economies; loan portfolio composition and asset quality indicators; and internal factors such as changes in underwriting policies, credit administration practices, experience, ability and depth of lending management, among others.
The allowance consists of four elements: (1) specific reserves for loans evaluated individually for impairment; (2) general reserves for each portfolio segment based on historical loan loss experience, (3) qualitative reserves judgmentally adjusted for local and national economic conditions, concentrations, portfolio composition, volume and severity of delinquencies and nonaccrual loans, trends of criticized and classified loans, changes in credit policies and underwriting standards, credit administration practices, and other factors as applicable for each portfolio segment; and (4) unallocated reserves. All outstanding loans are considered in evaluating the appropriateness of the allowance.
A breakdown of the allowance for loan losses as of September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019, and September 30, 2019, by class of financing receivable and allowance element, is presented in the following tables:

As of September 30, 2020 | Specific Reserves on Loans Evaluated Individually for Impairment |  | General Reserves on Loans Based on Historical Loss Experience |  | Reserves for Qualitative Factors |  | Unallocated Reserves |  | Total Reserves
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 135,000 |  |  | $ | 686,000 |  |  | $ | 3,940,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,761,000 |
Construction | 19,000 |  |  | 87,000 |  |  | 501,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 607,000 |
Other | 128,000 |  |  | 521,000 |  |  | 2,993,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,642,000 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | 139,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 139,000 |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 204,000 |  |  | 275,000 |  |  | 2,037,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,516,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | 71,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 81,000 |
Home equity line of credit | 403,000 |  |  | 79,000 |  |  | 975,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,457,000 |
Consumer | 1,000 |  |  | 168,000 |  |  | 423,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 592,000 |
Unallocated | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,576,000 |  |  | 1,576,000 |
| $ | 890,000 |  |  | $ | 1,826,000 |  |  | $ | 11,079,000 |  |  | $ | 1,576,000 |  |  | $ | 15,371,000 |

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As of December 31, 2019 | Specific Reserves on Loans Evaluated Individually for Impairment |  | General Reserves on Loans Based on Historical Loss Experience |  | Reserves for Qualitative Factors |  | Unallocated Reserves |  | Total Reserves
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 251,000 |  |  | $ | 729,000 |  |  | $ | 2,762,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,742,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | 76,000 |  |  | 289,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 365,000 |
Other | 1,273,000 |  |  | 430,000 |  |  | 1,626,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,329,000 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 27,000 |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 237,000 |  |  | 153,000 |  |  | 634,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,024,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,000 |
Home equity line of credit | 447,000 |  |  | 130,000 |  |  | 501,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,078,000 |
Consumer | 5,000 |  |  | 460,000 |  |  | 402,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 867,000 |
Unallocated | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,182,000 |  |  | 1,182,000 |
| $ | 2,213,000 |  |  | $ | 1,983,000 |  |  | $ | 6,261,000 |  |  | $ | 1,182,000 |  |  | $ | 11,639,000 |

As of September 30, 2019 | Specific Reserves on Loans Evaluated Individually for Impairment |  | General Reserves on Loans Based on Historical Loss Experience |  | Reserves for Qualitative Factors |  | Unallocated Reserves |  | Total Reserves
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 258,000 |  |  | $ | 792,000 |  |  | $ | 2,745,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,795,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | 79,000 |  |  | 274,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 353,000 |
Other | 1,275,000 |  |  | 436,000 |  |  | 1,509,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,220,000 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,000 |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 337,000 |  |  | 185,000 |  |  | 615,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,137,000 |
Construction | — |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | 18,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,000 |
Home equity line of credit | 184,000 |  |  | 155,000 |  |  | 485,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 824,000 |
Consumer | 6,000 |  |  | 285,000 |  |  | 389,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 680,000 |
Unallocated | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,707,000 |  |  | 1,707,000 |
| $ | 2,060,000 |  |  | $ | 1,937,000 |  |  | $ | 6,061,000 |  |  | $ | 1,707,000 |  |  | $ | 11,765,000 |

Qualitative adjustment factors are taken into consideration when determining reserve estimates. These adjustment factors are based upon Management's evaluation of various current conditions, including those listed below.
•General economic conditions.
•Credit quality trends with emphasis on loan delinquencies, nonaccrual levels and classified loans.
•Recent loss experience in particular segments of the portfolio.
•Loan volumes and concentrations, including changes in mix.
•Other factors, including changes in quality of the loan origination; loan policy changes; changes in credit risk management processes; Bank regulatory and external loan review examination results.
Qualitative factors applied to the portfolio or segments of the portfolio may include judgments concerning general economic conditions that may affect credit quality, credit concentrations, the pace of portfolio growth, the direction of risk rating movements, policy exception levels, and delinquency levels; these qualitative factors are also considered in connection with the unallocated portion of our allowance for loan losses.
The qualitative portion of the allowance for loan losses was 0.77% of related loans as of September 30, 2020, compared to 0.48% of related loans as of December 31, 2019. The qualitative portion increased $4,818,000 between December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2020 due to a mix of factors. These included the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on various macroeconomic
25

measures used in the qualitative model, as well as analysis of the loan portfolio conducted under both top down and unit level approaches for factors such as levels of credit extended to industry segments particularly vulnerable to social distancing, and performance of COVID-19 related modifications .
The unallocated component of the allowance totaled $1,576,000 at September 30, 2020, or 10.3% of the total reserve. This compares to $1,182,000 or 10.2% as of December 31, 2019. While year to date growth in the qualitative portion of the reserve directionally reflects potential impacts of COVID-19 on the loan portfolio, it remains likely that there are other underlying credit risks not yet captured in loan specific or qualitative metrics the Company uses to estimate its allowance. This uncertainty along with general imprecision related to portfolio growth experienced year-to-date supports the continued inclusion of an unallocated component.
The allowance for loan losses as a percent of total loans stood at 1.07% as of September 30, 2020, 0.90% at December 31, 2019 and 0.93% as of September 30, 2019.
Commercial loans are comprised of three major classes, commercial real estate loans, commercial construction loans and other commercial loans.
Commercial real estate loans consist of mortgage loans to finance investments in real property such as multi-family residential, commercial/retail, office, industrial, hotels, educational and other specific or mixed use properties. Commercial real estate loans are typically written with amortizing payment structures. Collateral values are determined based on appraisals and evaluations in accordance with established policy and regulatory guidelines. Commercial real estate loans typically have a loan-to-value ratio of up to 80% based upon current valuation information at the time the loan is made. Commercial real estate loans are primarily paid by the cash flow generated from the real property, such as operating leases, rents, or other operating cash flows from the borrower.
Commercial construction loans consist of loans to finance construction in a mix of owner- and non-owner occupied commercial real estate properties. Commercial construction loans typically have maturities of less than two years. Payment structures during the construction period are typically on an interest only basis, although principal payments may be established depending on the type of construction project being financed. During the construction phase, commercial construction loans are primarily paid by cash flow generated from the construction project or other operating cash flows from the borrower or guarantors, if applicable. At the end of the construction period, loan repayment typically comes from a third party source in the event that the Company will not be providing permanent term financing. Collateral valuation and loan-to-value guidelines follow those for commercial real estate loans.
Other commercial loans consist of revolving and term loan obligations extended to business and corporate enterprises for the purpose of financing working capital and or capital investment. Collateral generally consists of pledges of business assets including, but not limited to, accounts receivable, inventory, plant and equipment, and/or real estate, if applicable. Commercial loans are primarily paid by the operating cash flow of the borrower. Commercial loans may be secured or unsecured.
Municipal loans are comprised of loans to municipalities in Maine for capitalized expenditures, construction projects or tax anticipation notes. All municipal loans are considered general obligations of the municipality and are collateralized by the taxing ability of the municipality for repayment of debt.
Residential loans are comprised of two classes: term loans and construction loans.
Residential term loans consist of residential real estate loans held in the Company's loan portfolio made to borrowers who demonstrate the ability to make scheduled payments with full consideration to underwriting factors. Borrower qualifications include favorable credit history combined with supportive income requirements and loan-to-value ratios within established policy and regulatory guidelines. Collateral values are determined based on appraisals and evaluations in accordance with established policy and regulatory guidelines. Residential loans typically have a loan-to-value ratio of up to 80% based on appraisal information at the time the loan is made. Collateral consists of mortgage liens on one- to four-family residential properties. Loans are offered with fixed or adjustable rates with amortization terms of up to thirty years.
Residential construction loans typically consist of loans for the purpose of constructing single family residences to be owned and occupied by the borrower. Borrower qualifications include favorable credit history combined with supportive income requirements and loan-to-value ratios within established policy and regulatory guidelines. Residential construction loans normally have construction terms of one year or less and payment during the construction term is typically on an interest only basis from sources including interest reserves, borrower liquidity and/or income. Residential construction loans will typically convert to permanent financing from the Company or have another financing commitment in place from an acceptable mortgage lender. Collateral valuation and loan-to-value guidelines are consistent with those for residential term loans.
Home equity lines of credit are made to qualified individuals and are secured by senior or junior mortgage liens on owner occupied one- to four-family homes, condominiums, or vacation homes. The home equity line of credit typically has a variable interest rate and is billed as interest-only payments during the draw period. At the end of the draw period, the home equity line of credit is billed as a percentage of the principal balance plus all accrued interest. Loan maturities are normally 300 months. Borrower qualifications include favorable credit history combined with supportive income requirements and combined loan-to- value ratios usually not exceeding 80% inclusive of priority liens. Collateral valuation guidelines follow those for residential real estate loans.
Consumer loan products including personal lines of credit and amortizing loans made to qualified individuals for various purposes such as auto, recreational vehicles, debt consolidation, personal expenses or overdraft protection. Borrower qualifications
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include favorable credit history combined with supportive income and collateral requirements within established policy guidelines. Consumer loans may be secured or unsecured.
Construction, land and land development loans, both commercial and residential, comprise a small portion of the portfolio, and at 33.4% of capital are below the regulatory guidance limit of 100.0% of capital at September 30, 2020. Construction loans and non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loans are at 129.4% of total capital, below the regulatory limit of 300.0% of capital at September 30, 2020.
The process of establishing the allowance with respect to the commercial loan portfolio begins when a Loan Officer or Senior Officer (or designate) initially assigns each loan a risk rating, using established credit criteria. Approximately 60% of a trailing four quarter average gross commercial portfolio is subject to review and validation annually by an independent consulting firm. Additionally, commercial loan relationships with exposure greater than or equal to $500,000 are subject to review annually by the Company's internal credit review function. The methodology employs Management's judgment as to the level of losses on existing loans based on internal review of the loan portfolio, including an analysis of a borrower's current financial position, and the consideration of current and anticipated economic conditions and their potential effects on specific borrowers and or lines of business.
In determining the Company's ability to collect certain loans, Management also considers the fair value of underlying collateral. The risk rating system has eight levels, defined as follows:
1 Strong
Credits rated "1" are characterized by borrowers fully responsible for the credit with excellent capacity to pay principal and interest. Loans rated "1" may be secured with acceptable forms of liquid collateral.
2 Above Average
Credits rated "2" are characterized by borrowers that have better than average liquidity, capitalization, earnings and/or cash flow with a consistent record of solid financial performance.
3 Satisfactory
Credits rated "3" are characterized by borrowers with favorable liquidity, profitability and financial condition with adequate cash flow to pay debt service.
4 Average
Credits rated "4" are characterized by borrowers that present risk more than 1, 2 and 3 rated loans and merit an ordinary level of ongoing monitoring. Financial condition is on par or somewhat below industry averages while cash flow is generally adequate to meet debt service requirements.
5 Watch
Credits rated "5" are characterized by borrowers that warrant greater monitoring due to financial condition or unresolved and identified risk factors.
6 Other Assets Especially Mentioned (OAEM)
Loans in this category are currently protected but are potentially weak and constitute an undue and unwarranted credit risk, but not to the point of justifying a classification of substandard. OAEM have potential weaknesses which may, if not checked or corrected, weaken the asset or inadequately protect the Company's credit position at some future date.
7 Substandard
Loans in this category are inadequately protected by the paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Substandard loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company may sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
8 Doubtful
Loans classified "Doubtful" have the same weaknesses as those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors which may work to the advantage and strengthening of the asset, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined.
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The following table summarizes the risk ratings for the Company's commercial real estate, commercial construction, commercial other, and municipal loans as of September 30, 2020:

| Commercial Real Estate |  | Commercial Construction |  | Commercial Other |  | Municipal Loans |  | All Risk- Rated Loans
1 Strong | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,251,000 |  |  | $ | 23,000 |  |  | $ | 2,274,000 |
2 Above Average | 8,492,000 |  |  | 1,627,000 |  |  | 5,361,000 |  |  | 42,262,000 |  |  | 57,742,000 |
3 Satisfactory | 84,178,000 |  |  | 3,145,000 |  |  | 140,360,000 |  |  | 369,000 |  |  | 228,052,000 |
4 Average | 230,954,000 |  |  | 27,907,000 |  |  | 107,552,000 |  |  | 1,456,000 |  |  | 367,869,000 |
5 Watch | 68,565,000 |  |  | 18,919,000 |  |  | 46,211,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 133,695,000 |
6 OAEM | 2,028,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,291,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,319,000 |
7 Substandard | 12,911,000 |  |  | 440,000 |  |  | 6,271,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,622,000 |
8 Doubtful | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 407,128,000 |  |  | $ | 52,038,000 |  |  | $ | 309,297,000 |  |  | $ | 44,110,000 |  |  | $ | 812,573,000 |

The following table summarizes the risk ratings for the Company's commercial real estate, commercial construction, commercial other, and municipal loans as of December 31, 2019:

| Commercial Real Estate |  | Commercial Construction |  | Commercial Other |  | Municipal Loans |  | All Risk- Rated Loans
1 Strong | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,258,000 |  |  | $ | 32,000 |  |  | $ | 4,290,000 |
2 Above Average | 12,393,000 |  |  | 794,000 |  |  | 6,187,000 |  |  | 38,290,000 |  |  | 57,664,000 |
3 Satisfactory | 74,709,000 |  |  | 2,305,000 |  |  | 41,527,000 |  |  | 379,000 |  |  | 118,920,000 |
4 Average | 205,510,000 |  |  | 19,017,000 |  |  | 107,389,000 |  |  | 2,587,000 |  |  | 334,503,000 |
5 Watch | 63,582,000 |  |  | 15,488,000 |  |  | 47,152,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 126,222,000 |
6 OAEM | 1,160,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,988,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,148,000 |
7 Substandard | 15,456,000 |  |  | 480,000 |  |  | 10,272,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,208,000 |
8 Doubtful | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 372,810,000 |  |  | $ | 38,084,000 |  |  | $ | 218,773,000 |  |  | $ | 41,288,000 |  |  | $ | 670,955,000 |

The following table summarizes the risk ratings for the Company's commercial real estate, commercial construction, commercial other, and municipal loans as of September 30, 2019:

| Commercial Real Estate |  | Commercial Construction |  | Commercial Other |  | Municipal Loans |  | All Risk- Rated Loans
1 Strong | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,835,000 |  |  | $ | 35,000 |  |  | $ | 3,870,000 |
2 Above Average | 12,595,000 |  |  | 34,000 |  |  | 5,836,000 |  |  | 33,768,000 |  |  | 52,233,000 |
3 Satisfactory | 84,567,000 |  |  | 2,154,000 |  |  | 45,742,000 |  |  | 386,000 |  |  | 132,849,000 |
4 Average | 186,605,000 |  |  | 20,931,000 |  |  | 85,485,000 |  |  | 2,333,000 |  |  | 295,354,000 |
5 Watch | 67,674,000 |  |  | 13,867,000 |  |  | 48,498,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 130,039,000 |
6 OAEM | 504,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,070,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,574,000 |
7 Substandard | 16,220,000 |  |  | 256,000 |  |  | 10,393,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,869,000 |
8 Doubtful | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 368,165,000 |  |  | $ | 37,242,000 |  |  | $ | 201,859,000 |  |  | $ | 36,522,000 |  |  | $ | 643,788,000 |

Commercial loans are generally charged off when all or a portion of the principal amount is determined to be uncollectible. This determination is based on circumstances specific to a borrower including repayment ability, analysis of collateral and other factors as applicable.
Residential loans are comprised of two classes: term loans, which include traditional amortizing home mortgages, and construction loans, which include loans for owner-occupied residential construction. Residential loans typically have a 75% to 80% loan to value based upon current appraisal information at the time the loan is made. Home equity loans and lines of credit are typically written to the same underwriting standards. Consumer loans are primarily amortizing loans to individuals collateralized by automobiles, pleasure craft and recreation vehicles, typically with a maximum loan to value of 80% to 90% of the purchase price of the collateral. Consumer loans also include a small amount of unsecured short-term time notes to individuals.
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Residential loans, consumer loans and home equity lines of credit are segregated into homogeneous pools with similar risk characteristics. Trends and current conditions are analyzed and historical loss experience is adjusted accordingly. Quantitative and qualitative adjustment factors for these segments are consistent with those for the commercial and municipal classes. Certain loans in the residential, home equity lines of credit and consumer classes identified as having the potential for further deterioration are analyzed individually to confirm impairment status, and to determine the need for a specific reserve; however there is no formal rating system used for these classes. Consumer loans greater than 120 days past due are generally charged off. Residential loans 90 days or more past due are placed on non-accrual status unless the loans are both well secured and in the process of collection. One- to four-family residential real estate loans and home equity loans are written down or charged-off no later than 180 days past due, or for residential real estate secured loans having a borrower in bankruptcy, within 60 days of receipt of notification of filing from the bankruptcy court, whichever is sooner. This is subject to completion of a current assessment of the value of the collateral with any outstanding loan balance in excess of the fair value of the property, less costs to sell, written down or charged-off.
There were no changes to the Company's accounting policies or methodology used to estimate the allowance for loan losses during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
The following table presents allowance for loan losses activity by class for the nine months and quarter ended September 30, 2020, and allowance for loan loss balances by class and related loan balances by class as of September 30, 2020:

| Commercial | Municipal | Residential | Home Equity Line of Credit | Consumer | Unallocated | Total
| Real Estate | Construction | Other |  | Term | Construction |  |  |  |
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020
Beginning balance | $ | 3,742,000 |  | $ | 365,000 |  | $ | 3,329,000 |  | $ | 27,000 |  | $ | 1,024,000 |  | $ | 25,000 |  | $ | 1,078,000 |  | $ | 867,000 |  | $ | 1,182,000 |  | $ | 11,639,000 |
Charge offs | 532,000 |  | — |  | 24,000 |  | — |  | 46,000 |  | — |  | 153,000 |  | 238,000 |  | — |  | 993,000 |
Recoveries | — |  | — |  | 24,000 |  | — |  | 31,000 |  | — |  | 20,000 |  | 100,000 |  | — |  | 175,000 |
Provision (credit) | 1,551,000 |  | 242,000 |  | 313,000 |  | 112,000 |  | 1,507,000 |  | 56,000 |  | 512,000 |  | (137,000) |  | 394,000 |  | 4,550,000 |
Ending balance | $ | 4,761,000 |  | $ | 607,000 |  | $ | 3,642,000 |  | $ | 139,000 |  | $ | 2,516,000 |  | $ | 81,000 |  | $ | 1,457,000 |  | $ | 592,000 |  | $ | 1,576,000 |  | $ | 15,371,000 |
For the three months ended September 30, 2020
Beginning balance | $ | 4,511,000 |  | $ | 524,000 |  | $ | 3,689,000 |  | $ | 110,000 |  | $ | 2,261,000 |  | $ | 64,000 |  | $ | 1,284,000 |  | $ | 658,000 |  | $ | 1,009,000 |  | $ | 14,110,000 |
Charge offs | 532,000 |  | — |  | 7,000 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 37,000 |  | — |  | 576,000 |
Recoveries | — |  | — |  | 4,000 |  | — |  | 5,000 |  | — |  | 1,000 |  | 27,000 |  | — |  | 37,000 |
Provision (credit) | 782,000 |  | 83,000 |  | (44,000) |  | 29,000 |  | 250,000 |  | 17,000 |  | 172,000 |  | (56,000) |  | 567,000 |  | 1,800,000 |
Ending balance | $ | 4,761,000 |  | $ | 607,000 |  | $ | 3,642,000 |  | $ | 139,000 |  | $ | 2,516,000 |  | $ | 81,000 |  | $ | 1,457,000 |  | $ | 592,000 |  | $ | 1,576,000 |  | $ | 15,371,000 |
Allowance for loan losses as of September 30, 2020
Ending balance specifically evaluated for impairment | $ | 135,000 |  | $ | 19,000 |  | $ | 128,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 204,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 403,000 |  | $ | 1,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 890,000 |
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 4,626,000 |  | $ | 588,000 |  | $ | 3,514,000 |  | $ | 139,000 |  | $ | 2,312,000 |  | $ | 81,000 |  | $ | 1,054,000 |  | $ | 591,000 |  | $ | 1,576,000 |  | $ | 14,481,000 |
Related loan balances as of September 30, 2020
Ending balance | $ | 407,128,000 |  | $ | 52,038,000 |  | $ | 309,297,000 |  | $ | 44,110,000 |  | $ | 497,667,000 |  | $ | 16,101,000 |  | $ | 82,982,000 |  | $ | 27,323,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,436,646,000 |
Ending balance specifically evaluated for impairment | $ | 4,753,000 |  | $ | 1,009,000 |  | $ | 1,023,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 10,182,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 2,364,000 |  | $ | 10,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 19,341,000 |
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 402,375,000 |  | $ | 51,029,000 |  | $ | 308,274,000 |  | $ | 44,110,000 |  | $ | 487,485,000 |  | $ | 16,101,000 |  | $ | 80,618,000 |  | $ | 27,313,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,417,305,000 |

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The following table presents allowance for loan losses activity by class for the year ended December 31, 2019 and allowance for loan loss balances by class and related loan balances by class as of December 31, 2019:

| Commercial | Municipal | Residential | Home Equity Line of Credit | Consumer | Unallocated | Total
| Real Estate | Construction | Other |  | Term | Construction |  |  |  |
For the year ended December 31, 2019
Beginning balance | $ | 3,567,000 |  | $ | 255,000 |  | $ | 3,541,000 |  | $ | 24,000 |  | $ | 1,235,000 |  | $ | 34,000 |  | $ | 730,000 |  | $ | 630,000 |  | $ | 1,216,000 |  | $ | 11,232,000 |
Charge offs | 89,000 |  | — |  | 179,000 |  | — |  | 445,000 |  | — |  | 69,000 |  | 338,000 |  | — |  | 1,120,000 |
Recoveries | 15,000 |  | — |  | 73,000 |  | — |  | 57,000 |  | — |  | 4,000 |  | 128,000 |  | — |  | 277,000 |
Provision (credit) | 249,000 |  | 110,000 |  | (106,000) |  | 3,000 |  | 177,000 |  | (9,000) |  | 413,000 |  | 447,000 |  | (34,000) |  | 1,250,000 |
Ending balance | $ | 3,742,000 |  | $ | 365,000 |  | $ | 3,329,000 |  | $ | 27,000 |  | $ | 1,024,000 |  | $ | 25,000 |  | $ | 1,078,000 |  | $ | 867,000 |  | $ | 1,182,000 |  | $ | 11,639,000 |
Allowance for loan losses as of December 31, 2019
Ending balance specifically evaluated for impairment | $ | 251,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,273,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 237,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 447,000 |  | $ | 5,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 2,213,000 |
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 3,491,000 |  | $ | 365,000 |  | $ | 2,056,000 |  | $ | 27,000 |  | $ | 787,000 |  | $ | 25,000 |  | $ | 631,000 |  | $ | 862,000 |  | $ | 1,182,000 |  | $ | 9,426,000 |
Related loan balances as of December 31, 2019
Ending balance | $ | 372,810,000 |  | $ | 38,084,000 |  | $ | 218,773,000 |  | $ | 41,288,000 |  | $ | 492,455,000 |  | $ | 14,813,000 |  | $ | 92,349,000 |  | $ | 26,503,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,297,075,000 |
Ending balance specifically evaluated for impairment | $ | 6,309,000 |  | $ | 958,000 |  | $ | 7,075,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 12,439,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 2,488,000 |  | $ | 5,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 29,274,000 |
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 366,501,000 |  | $ | 37,126,000 |  | $ | 211,698,000 |  | $ | 41,288,000 |  | $ | 480,016,000 |  | $ | 14,813,000 |  | $ | 89,861,000 |  | $ | 26,498,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,267,801,000 |

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The following table presents allowance for loan losses activity by class for the nine months and quarter ended September 30, 2019, and allowance for loan loss balances by class and related loan balances by class as of September 30, 2019:

| Commercial | Municipal | Residential | Home Equity Line of Credit | Consumer | Unallocated | Total
| Real Estate | Construction | Other |  | Term | Construction |  |  |  |
For the nine months ended September 30, 2019
Beginning balance | $ | 3,567,000 |  | $ | 255,000 |  | $ | 3,541,000 |  | $ | 24,000 |  | $ | 1,235,000 |  | $ | 34,000 |  | $ | 730,000 |  | $ | 630,000 |  | $ | 1,216,000 |  | $ | 11,232,000 |
Charge offs | 53,000 |  | — |  | 123,000 |  | — |  | 93,000 |  | — |  | 38,000 |  | 235,000 |  | — |  | 542,000 |
Recoveries | 15,000 |  | — |  | 70,000 |  | — |  | 10,000 |  | — |  | 3,000 |  | 102,000 |  | — |  | 200,000 |
Provision (credit) | 266,000 |  | 98,000 |  | (268,000) |  | 2,000 |  | (15,000) |  | (11,000) |  | 129,000 |  | 183,000 |  | 491,000 |  | 875,000 |
Ending balance | $ | 3,795,000 |  | $ | 353,000 |  | $ | 3,220,000 |  | $ | 26,000 |  | $ | 1,137,000 |  | $ | 23,000 |  | $ | 824,000 |  | $ | 680,000 |  | $ | 1,707,000 |  | $ | 11,765,000 |
For the three months ended September 30, 2019
Beginning balance | $ | 3,609,000 |  | $ | 309,000 |  | $ | 3,281,000 |  | $ | 25,000 |  | $ | 1,106,000 |  | $ | 23,000 |  | $ | 633,000 |  | $ | 649,000 |  | $ | 1,836,000 |  | $ | 11,471,000 |
Charge offs | — |  | — |  | 14,000 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 48,000 |  | — |  | 62,000 |
Recoveries | 2,000 |  | — |  | 68,000 |  | — |  | 4,000 |  | — |  | 1,000 |  | 31,000 |  | — |  | 106,000 |
Provision (credit) | 184,000 |  | 44,000 |  | (115,000) |  | 1,000 |  | 27,000 |  | — |  | 190,000 |  | 48,000 |  | (129,000) |  | 250,000 |
Ending balance | $ | 3,795,000 |  | $ | 353,000 |  | $ | 3,220,000 |  | $ | 26,000 |  | $ | 1,137,000 |  | $ | 23,000 |  | $ | 824,000 |  | $ | 680,000 |  | $ | 1,707,000 |  | $ | 11,765,000 |
Allowance for loan losses as of September 30, 2019
Ending balance specifically evaluated for impairment | $ | 258,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,275,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 337,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 184,000 |  | $ | 6,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 2,060,000 |
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 3,537,000 |  | $ | 353,000 |  | $ | 1,945,000 |  | $ | 26,000 |  | $ | 800,000 |  | $ | 23,000 |  | $ | 640,000 |  | $ | 674,000 |  | $ | 1,707,000 |  | $ | 9,705,000 |
Related loan balances as of September 30, 2019
Ending balance | $ | 368,165,000 |  | $ | 37,242,000 |  | $ | 201,859,000 |  | $ | 36,522,000 |  | $ | 485,490,000 |  | $ | 14,118,000 |  | $ | 94,144,000 |  | $ | 25,919,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,263,459,000 |
Ending balance specifically evaluated for impairment | $ | 9,049,000 |  | $ | 978,000 |  | $ | 7,332,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 13,446,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,398,000 |  | $ | 6,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 32,209,000 |
Ending balance collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 359,116,000 |  | $ | 36,264,000 |  | $ | 194,527,000 |  | $ | 36,522,000 |  | $ | 472,044,000 |  | $ | 14,118,000 |  | $ | 92,746,000 |  | $ | 25,913,000 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 1,231,250,000 |

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Note 5 – Stock-Based Compensation
At the 2010 Annual Meeting, shareholders approved the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2010 Plan"). This reserved 400,000 shares of common stock for issuance in connection with stock options, restricted stock awards and other equity based awards to attract and retain the best available personnel, provide additional incentive to officers, employees and non-employee Directors and promote the success of the Company. Such grants and awards were structured in a manner that did not encourage the recipients to expose the Company to undue or inappropriate risk. Options issued under the 2010 Plan qualified for treatment as incentive stock options for purposes of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code. Other compensation under the 2010 Plan qualified as performance-based for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, and satisfied NASDAQ guidelines relating to equity compensation. The 2010 Plan expired on April 28, 2020, leaving 215,513 shares not issued.
At the 2020 Annual Meeting, shareholders approved the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2020 Plan"). This reserves 400,000 shares of common stock for issuance in connection with stock options, restricted stock awards and other equity based awards to attract and retain the best available personnel, provide additional incentive to officers, employees and non-employee Directors and promote the success of the Company. Such grants and awards will be structured in a manner that does not encourage the recipients to expose the Company to undue or inappropriate risk. Options issued under the 2020 Plan qualify for treatment as incentive stock options for purposes of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code. Other compensation under the 2020 Plan will qualify as performance-based for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, and will satisfy NASDAQ guidelines relating to equity compensation.
As of September 30, 2020, 184,487 shares of restricted stock had been granted under the 2010 Plan and 5,750 shares under the 2020 Plan, of which 76,597 shares remain restricted as of September 30, 2020 as detailed in the following table:

Year Granted | Vesting Term (In Years) | Shares | Remaining Term (In Years)
2016 | 5.0 | 10,874 |  | 0.3
2017 | 5.0 | 7,017 |  | 1.3
2018 | 3.0 | 5,371 |  | 0.4
2018 | 4.0 | 2,068 |  | 1.3
2018 | 5.0 | 6,184 |  | 2.3
2019 | 2.0 | 1,484 |  | 0.3
2019 | 3.0 | 16,254 |  | 1.3
2020 | 1.0 | 5,809 |  | 0.5
2020 | 2.0 | 694 |  | 1.3
2020 | 3.0 | 20,842 |  | 2.3
|  | 76,597 |  | 1.5

The compensation cost related to these nonvested restricted stock grants is $1,978,000 and is recognized over the vesting terms of each grant. In the nine months ended September 30, 2020, $482,000 of expense was recognized for these restricted shares, leaving $864,000 in unrecognized expense as of September 30, 2020. In the nine months ended September 30, 2019, $368,000 of expense was recognized for restricted shares, leaving $797,000 in unrecognized expense as of September 30, 2019.
Note 6 – Common Stock
Proceeds from sale of common stock totaled $497,000 and $488,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
32

Note 7 – Earnings Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

| Income (Numerator) |  | Shares (Denominator) |  | Per-Share Amount
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |
Net income as reported | $ | 20,159,000 |  |  |  |  |
Basic EPS: Income available to common shareholders | 20,159,000 |  |  | 10,854,384 |  |  | $ | 1.86 |
Effect of dilutive securities: restricted stock |  |  | 73,285 |  |  |
Diluted EPS: Income available to common shareholders plus assumed conversions | $ | 20,159,000 |  |  | 10,927,669 |  |  | $ | 1.84 |
For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |
Net income as reported | $ | 18,839,000 |  |  |  |  |
Basic EPS: Income available to common shareholders | 18,839,000 |  |  | 10,811,233 |  |  | $ | 1.74 |
Effect of dilutive securities: restricted stock |  |  | 75,013 |  |  |
Diluted EPS: Income available to common shareholders plus assumed conversions | $ | 18,839,000 |  |  | 10,886,246 |  |  | $ | 1.73 |

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) for the quarters ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:

| Income (Numerator) |  | Shares (Denominator) |  | Per-Share Amount
For the quarter ended September 30, 2020 |  |  |  |  |
Net income as reported | $ | 7,095,000 |  |  |  |  |
Less dividends and amortization of premium on preferred stock | — |  |  |  |  |
Basic EPS: Income available to common shareholders | 7,095,000 |  |  | 10,863,315 |  |  | $ | 0.65 |
Effect of dilutive securities: restricted stock |  |  | 76,544 |  |  |
Diluted EPS: Income available to common shareholders plus assumed conversions | $ | 7,095,000 |  |  | 10,939,859 |  |  | $ | 0.65 |
For the quarter ended September 30, 2019 |  |  |  |  |
Net income as reported | $ | 6,288,000 |  |  |  |  |
Less dividends and amortization of premium on preferred stock | — |  |  |  |  |
Basic EPS: Income available to common shareholders | 6,288,000 |  |  | 10,818,423 |  |  | $ | 0.58 |
Effect of dilutive securities: restricted stock |  |  | 75,493 |  |  |
Diluted EPS: Income available to common shareholders plus assumed conversions | $ | 6,288,000 |  |  | 10,893,916 |  |  | $ | 0.58 |

Note 8 – Employee Benefit Plans
401(k) Plan
The Bank has a defined contribution plan available to substantially all employees who have completed 3 months of service. Employees may contribute up to Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") determined limits and the Bank may match employee contributions not to exceed 3.0% of compensation depending on contribution level. Subject to a vote of the Board of Directors, the Bank may also make a profit-sharing contribution to the Plan. Such contribution equaled 2.0% of each eligible employee's compensation in 2019. The Company adopted the safe harbor form of 401(k) plan for 2020 and will follow safe harbor guidelines when determining the level of discretionary contribution. The expense related to the 401(k) plan was $653,000 and $464,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
33

Deferred Compensation and Supplemental Retirement Benefits
The Bank also provides unfunded supplemental retirement benefits for certain officers, payable in installments over 20 years upon retirement or death. The agreements consist of individual contracts with differing characteristics that, when taken together, do not constitute a postretirement plan. The costs for these benefits are recognized over the service periods of the participating officers in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 712 "Compensation – Nonretirement Postemployment Benefits". The expense of these supplemental retirement benefits was $119,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. As of September 30, 2020, the associated accrued liability included in other liabilities in the balance sheet was $2,708,000 compared to $2,828,000 and $2,831,000 at December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019, respectively.
Post-Retirement Benefit Plans
The Bank sponsors two post-retirement benefit plans. One plan currently provides a subsidy for health insurance premiums to certain retired employees and a future subsidy for six active employees who were age 50 and over in 1996. These subsidies are based on years of service and range between $40 and $1,200 per month per person. The other plan provides life insurance coverage to certain retired employees and health insurance for retired directors. None of these plans are pre-funded. The Company utilizes FASB ASC Topic 712 to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan as an asset or liability in its balance sheet and to recognize changes in the funded status in the year in which the changes occur through comprehensive income (loss).
The following table sets forth the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation and funded status:

| At or for the nine months ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Change in benefit obligation |  |  |
Benefit obligation at beginning of year | $ | 1,581,000 |  |  | $ | 1,599,000 |
Interest cost | 48,000 |  |  | 50,000 |
Benefits paid | (81,000) |  |  | (85,000) |
Benefit obligation at end of period | $ | 1,548,000 |  |  | $ | 1,564,000 |
Funded status |  |  |
Benefit obligation at end of period | $ | (1,548,000) |  |  | $ | (1,564,000) |
Unamortized gain | (31,000) |  |  | (47,000) |
Accrued benefit cost at end of period | $ | (1,579,000) |  |  | $ | (1,611,000) |

The following table sets forth the net periodic pension cost:

| For the nine months ended September 30, | For the quarter ended September 30,
| 2020 |  | 2019 | 2020 |  | 2019
Components of net periodic benefit cost |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest cost | $ | 48,000 |  |  | $ | 50,000 |  | $ | 16,000 |  |  | $ | 17,000 |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 48,000 |  |  | $ | 50,000 |  | $ | 16,000 |  |  | $ | 17,000 |

Amounts not yet reflected in net periodic benefit cost and included in accumulated other comprehensive income are as follows:

| September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | September 30, 2019
Unamortized net actuarial gain | $ | 31,000 |  |  | $ | 31,000 |  |  | $ | 47,000 |
Deferred tax expense | (7,000) |  |  | (7,000) |  |  | (10,000) |
Net unrecognized postretirement benefits included in accumulated other comprehensive income | $ | 24,000 |  |  | $ | 24,000 |  |  | $ | 37,000 |

34

A weighted average discount rate of 3.00% was used in determining the accumulated benefit obligation and the net periodic benefit cost. The assumed health care cost trend rate is 7.0%. The measurement date for benefit obligations was as of year-end for prior years presented. The expected benefit payments for all of 2020 are $108,000. Plan expense for 2020 is estimated to be $64,000. A 1% change in trend assumptions would create an approximate change in the same direction of $100,000 in the accumulated benefit obligation, $7,000 in the interest cost and $1,000 in the service cost.
Note 9 - Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table summarizes activity in the unrealized gain or loss on available for sale securities included in other comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months and quarter ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

| For the nine months ended September 30, | For the quarter ended September 30,
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 3,657,000 |  | $ | (5,051,000) |  | $ | 7,100,000 |  | $ | 2,750,000 |
Unrealized gains (losses) arising during the period | 3,537,000 |  | 11,074,000 |  | (2,000,000) |  | 1,199,000 |
Reclassification of net realized gains during the period | (1,179,000) |  | (15,000) |  | — |  | (15,000) |
Related deferred taxes | (495,000) |  | (2,322,000) |  | 420,000 |  | (248,000) |
Net change | 1,863,000 |  | 8,737,000 |  | (1,580,000) |  | 936,000 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 5,520,000 |  | $ | 3,686,000 |  | $ | 5,520,000 |  | $ | 3,686,000 |

The reclassification of realized gains is included in the net securities gains line of the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income and the tax effect is included in the income tax expense line of the same statement.
The following table summarizes activity in the unrealized loss on securities transferred from available for sale to held to maturity included in other comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months and quarter ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

| For the nine months ended September 30, | For the quarter ended September 30,
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019
Balance at beginning of period | $ | (182,000) |  | $ | (197,000) |  | $ | (146,000) |  | $ | (190,000) |
Amortization of net unrealized gains | 54,000 |  | 10,000 |  | 9,000 |  | 1,000 |
Related deferred taxes | (11,000) |  | (2,000) |  | (2,000) |  | — |
Net change | 43,000 |  | 8,000 |  | 7,000 |  | 1,000 |
Balance at end of period | $ | (139,000) |  | $ | (189,000) |  | $ | (139,000) |  | $ | (189,000) |

The following table presents the effect of the Company's derivative financial instruments included in other comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months and quarter ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

| For the nine months ended September 30, | For the quarter ended September 30,
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 97,000 |  | $ | 1,438,000 |  | $ | (6,187,000) |  | $ | 75,000 |
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedging derivatives arising during the period | (7,465,000) |  | (2,156,000) |  | 490,000 |  | (430,000) |
Related deferred taxes | 1,568,000 |  | 453,000 |  | (103,000) |  | 90,000 |
Net change | (5,897,000) |  | (1,703,000) |  | 387,000 |  | (340,000) |
Balance at end of period | $ | (5,800,000) |  | $ | (265,000) |  | $ | (5,800,000) |  | $ | (265,000) |

35

The following table summarizes activity in the unrealized gain or loss on postretirement benefits included in other comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months and quarter ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

| For the nine months ended September 30, | For the quarter ended September 30,
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019
Unrecognized postretirement benefits at beginning of period | $ | 24,000 |  | $ | 37,000 |  | $ | 24,000 |  | $ | 37,000 |
Amortization of unrecognized transition obligation | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Change in unamortized net actuarial gain (loss) | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Related deferred taxes | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Unrecognized postretirement benefits at end of period | $ | 24,000 |  | $ | 37,000 |  | $ | 24,000 |  | $ | 37,000 |

Note 10 - Financial Derivative Instruments
The Bank uses derivative financial instruments for risk management purposes and not for trading or speculative purposes. As part of its overall asset and liability management strategy, the Bank periodically uses derivative instruments to minimize significant unplanned fluctuations in earnings and cash flows caused by interest rate volatility. The Bank’s interest rate risk management strategy involves modifying the re-pricing characteristics of certain assets or liabilities so that changes in interest rates do not have a significant effect on net interest income.
The Bank recognizes its derivative instruments in the consolidated balance sheet at fair value. On the date the derivative instrument is entered into, the Bank designates whether the derivative is part of a hedging relationship (i.e., cash flow or fair value hedge). The Bank formally documents relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objective and strategy for undertaking hedge transactions. The Bank also assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives used in hedging transactions are highly effective in offsetting the changes in cash flows or fair values of hedged items. Changes in fair value of derivative instruments that are highly effective and qualify as cash flow hedges are recorded in other comprehensive income or loss. Any ineffective portion is recorded in earnings. The Bank discontinues hedge accounting when it is determined that the derivative is no longer highly effective in offsetting changes of the hedged risk on the hedged item, or management determines that the designation of the derivative as a hedging instrument is no longer appropriate.
36

The details of the interest rate swap agreements are as follows:

|  |  |  |  | September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | September 30, 2019
Effective Date | Maturity Date | Variable Index Received | Fixed Rate Paid | Presentation on Consolidated Balance Sheet | Notional Amount | Fair Value | Notional Amount | Fair Value | Notional Amount | Fair Value
06/05/2018 | 12/05/2019 | 1-Month USD LIBOR | 2.466 | % | Other Liabilities | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 25,000,000 |  | $ | (23,000) |
06/27/2016 | 06/27/2021 | 1-Month USD LIBOR | 0.893 | % | Other (Liabilities) Assets | 20,000,000 |  | (112,000) |  | 20,000,000 |  | 199,000 |  | 20,000,000 |  | 214,000 |
06/28/2016 | 06/28/2021 | 1-Month USD LIBOR | 0.940 | % | Other (Liabilities) Assets | 30,000,000 |  | (179,000) |  | 30,000,000 |  | 278,000 |  | 30,000,000 |  | 296,000 |
06/05/2018 | 06/05/2020 | 1-Month USD LIBOR | 2.547 | % | Other Liabilities | — |  | — |  | 25,000,000 |  | (96,000) |  | 25,000,000 |  | (140,000) |
06/05/2018 | 12/05/2020 | 1-Month USD LIBOR | 2.603 | % | Other Liabilities | — |  | — |  | 25,000,000 |  | (234,000) |  | 25,000,000 |  | (300,000) |
12/05/2019 | 12/05/2022 | 3-Month USD LIBOR | 1.779 | % | Other Liabilities | — |  | — |  | 25,000,000 |  | (98,000) |  | 25,000,000 |  | (217,000) |
08/02/2019 | 08/02/2024 | 1-Month USD LIBOR | 1.590 | % | Other Liabilities | 12,500,000 |  | (692,000) |  | 12,500,000 |  | (11,000) |  | 12,500,000 |  | (133,000) |
08/05/2019 | 08/05/2024 | 1-Month USD LIBOR | 1.420 | % | Other (Liabilities) Assets | 12,500,000 |  | (611,000) |  | 12,500,000 |  | 85,000 |  | 12,500,000 |  | (32,000) |
02/12/2020 | 02/12/2023 | 3-Month USD LIBOR | 1.486 | % | Other Liabilities | 25,000,000 |  | (762,000) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
02/12/2020 | 02/12/2024 | 3-Month USD LIBOR | 1.477 | % | Other Liabilities | 25,000,000 |  | (1,044,000) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
06/28/2021 | 06/28/2026 | 1-Month USD LIBOR | 1.158 | % | Other Liabilities | 50,000,000 |  | (2,162,000) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
03/13/2020 | 03/13/2025 | 3-Month USD LIBOR | 0.855 | % | Other Liabilities | 25,000,000 |  | (621,000) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
03/13/2020 | 03/13/2030 | 3-Month USD LIBOR | 1.029 | % | Other Liabilities | 20,000,000 |  | (690,000) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
04/07/2020 | 04/07/2023 | 3-Month USD Libor | 0.599 | % | Other Liabilities | 20,000,000 |  | (194,000) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
04/07/2020 | 04/07/2024 | 3-Month USD Libor | 0.643 | % | Other Liabilities | 20,000,000 |  | (275,000) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
|  |  |  |  | $ | 260,000,000 |  | $ | (7,342,000) |  | $ | 150,000,000 |  | $ | 123,000 |  | $ | 175,000,000 |  | $ | (335,000) |

During the first quarter of 2020, the Bank took advantage of market opportunities to restructure several interest rate swap positions and extend funding at favorable interest rates; one-time charges totaling $1.76 million were incurred and expensed in the first quarter of 2020 in connection with the restructuring. The Company would reclassify unrealized gains or losses accounted for within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings if the interest rate swaps were to become ineffective or the swaps were to terminate. In the next 12 months, the Company does not believe it will be required to reclassify any unrealized gains or losses accounted for within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into earnings as a result of ineffectiveness or swap termination. Amounts paid or received under the swaps are reported in interest expense in the consolidated statement of income, and in interest paid in the consolidated statement of cash flows.
37

Customer loan derivatives
The Bank will enter into interest rate swaps with qualified commercial customers. Through these arrangements, the Bank is able to provide a means for a loan customer to obtain a long-term fixed rate, while it simultaneously contracts with an approved, highly-rated, third-party financial institution as counterparty to swap the fixed rate for a variable rate. Such loan level arrangements are not designated as hedges for accounting purposes, and are recorded at fair value in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.
At September 30, 2020, there were four customer loan swap arrangements in place, detailed below:

|  | September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | September 30, 2019
| Presentation on Consolidated Balance Sheet | Number of Positions | Notional Amount | Fair Value | Number of Positions | Notional Amount | Fair Value | Number of Positions | Notional Amount | Fair Value
Pay Fixed, Receive Variable | Other Liabilities | 4 | $ | 28,541,000 |  | $ | (3,311,000) |  | 2 | $ | 16,374,000 |  | $ | (1,205,000) |  | 1 |  | $ | 12,914,000 |  | $ | (1,643,000) |
Receive Fixed, Pay Variable | Other Assets | 4 | 28,541,000 |  | 3,311,000 |  | 2 | 16,374,000 |  | 1,205,000 |  | 1 |  | 12,914,000 |  | 1,643,000 |
Total |  | 8 | $ | 57,082,000 |  | $ | — |  | 4 | $ | 32,748,000 |  | $ | — |  | 2 |  | $ | 25,828,000 |  | $ | — |

Derivative collateral
The Bank has entered into a master netting arrangement with its counterparty and settles payments with the counterparty as necessary. The Bank's arrangement with its institutional counterparty requires it to post cash or other assets as collateral for its various loan swap contracts in a net liability position based on their fair values and the Bank's credit rating or receive cash collateral for contracts in a net asset position as requested. At September 30, 2020, the Bank posted to the counterparty $3,100,000 of cash and $10,000,000 in securities as collateral on its swap contracts. The required amount to be pledged was $9,322,000.
Cessation of LIBOR
The Company is aware that LIBOR may no longer be published after December 31, 2021. The Federal Reserve formed the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (ARRC) to guide the transition process in the United States. ARRC has issued a number of recommendations including the adoption of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) as a replacement for LIBOR. The International Swap and Derivatives Association (ISDA), the organization that oversees and guides swap and derivatives markets and participants, continues to work on transitions and replacement rates, including having replacement rates in place before the possible cessation of LIBOR at the end of 2021, and has committed to providing more definitive recommendations later in 2020. The Company has formed a working group to address the change away from LIBOR. Management intends to continue to monitor developments from ARRC and ISDA closely, and expects to pursue the steps ultimately recommended to provide for an orderly transition to a post-LIBOR environment. Of the interest rate swap contracts the Bank has in place as of September 30, 2020, two contracts carrying a total notional amount of $50 million are set to mature prior to December 31, 2021; nine contracts with a total notional amount of $210 million have maturity dates beyond December 31, 2021. The four customer loan swap contracts shown in the table immediately above have maturity dates of December 19, 2029, August 21, 2030, July 1, 2035 and October 1, 2039.
38

Note 11 – Mortgage Servicing Rights
FASB ASC Topic 860 "Transfers and Servicing" requires all separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities to be initially measured at fair value, if practicable. The Company's servicing assets and servicing liabilities are reported using the amortization method and carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value by strata. In evaluating the carrying values of mortgage servicing rights, the Company obtains third party valuations based on loan level data including note rate, type and term of the underlying loans. The model utilizes several assumptions, the most significant of which is loan prepayments, calculated using a three-months moving average of weekly prepayment data published by the Public Securities Association (PSA) and modeled against the serviced loan portfolio, and the discount rate to discount future cash flows. As of September 30, 2020, the prepayment assumption using the PSA model was 323, which translates into an anticipated prepayment rate of 19.38%. The discount rate is 9.00%. Other assumptions include delinquency rates, foreclosure rates, servicing cost inflation, and annual unit loan cost. All assumptions are adjusted periodically to reflect current circumstances. Amortization of mortgage servicing rights, as well as write-offs due to prepayments of the related mortgage loans, are recorded as a charge against mortgage servicing fee income.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, servicing rights capitalized totaled $926,000 and $267,000, respectively. Servicing rights amortized for the nine-months periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were $252,000 and $170,000, respectively. The fair value of servicing rights was $2,013,000, $2,089,000 and $2,083,000 at September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019, respectively. The Bank serviced loans for others totaling $321,813,000, $266,173,000 and $261,685,000 at September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019, and September 30, 2019, respectively.
The Bank recorded an impairment reserve as of September 30, 2020 for strata with a fair value lower than cost. Mortgage servicing rights are included in other assets and detailed in the following table:

| September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | September 30, 2019
Mortgage servicing rights | $ | 7,066,000 |  |  | $ | 6,140,000 |  |  | $ | 5,985,000 |
Accumulated amortization | (4,846,000) |  |  | (4,594,000) |  |  | (4,534,000) |
Amortized Cost | 2,220,000 |  |  | 1,546,000 |  |  | 1,451,000 |
Impairment reserve | (258,000) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Carrying Value | $ | 1,962,000 |  |  | $ | 1,546,000 |  |  | $ | 1,451,000 |

Note 12 – Income Taxes
FASB ASC Topic 740 "Income Taxes" defines the criteria that an individual tax position must satisfy for some or all of the benefits of that position to be recognized in a company's financial statements. Topic 740 prescribes a recognition threshold of more-likely-than-not, and a measurement attribute for all tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return, in order for those tax positions to be recognized in the financial statements. The Company is currently open to audit under the statute of limitations by the IRS for the years ended December 31, 2017 through 2019.
Note 13 - Certificates of Deposit
The following table represents the breakdown of certificates of deposit at September 30, 2020 and 2019, and at December 31, 2019:

| September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | September 30, 2019
Certificates of deposit < $100,000 | $ | 252,461,000 |  |  | $ | 277,225,000 |  |  | $ | 319,292,000 |
Certificates $100,000 to $250,000 | 269,881,000 |  |  | 345,241,000 |  |  | 278,050,000 |
Certificates $250,000 and over | 67,589,000 |  |  | 67,513,000 |  |  | 64,431,000 |
| $ | 589,931,000 |  |  | $ | 689,979,000 |  |  | $ | 661,773,000 |

Note 14 – Reclassifications
Certain items from the prior year were reclassified in the consolidated financial statements to conform with the current year presentation. These do not have a material impact on the consolidated balance sheet or statement of income and comprehensive income presentations.
39

Note 15 – Fair Value
Certain assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value to provide additional insight into the Company's quality of earnings. Some of these assets and liabilities are measured on a recurring basis while others are measured on a nonrecurring basis, with the determination based upon applicable existing accounting pronouncements. For example, securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Other assets, such as, other real estate owned and impaired loans, are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis using the lower of cost or market methodology to determine impairment of individual assets. The Company groups assets and liabilities which are recorded at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement (with level 1 considered highest and level 3 considered lowest). A brief description of each level follows:
Level 1 - Valuation is based upon quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Level 2 - Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and model-based valuation techniques for which all significant assumptions are observable in the market.
Level 3 - Valuation is generated from model-based techniques that use at least one significant assumption not observable in the market. These unobservable assumptions reflect estimates that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation includes use of discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.
The fair value methods and assumptions for the Company's financial instruments and other assets measured at fair value are set forth below.
Investment Securities
The fair values of investment securities are estimated by independent providers using a market approach with observable inputs, including matrix pricing and recent transactions. In obtaining such valuation information from third parties, the Company has evaluated their valuation methodologies used to develop the fair values in order to determine whether the valuations are representative of an exit price in the Company's principal markets. The Company's principal markets for its securities portfolios are the secondary institutional markets, with an exit price that is predominantly reflective of bid level pricing in those markets. Fair values are calculated based on the value of one unit without regard to any premium or discount that may result from concentrations of ownership of a financial instrument, possible tax ramifications, or estimated transaction costs. If these considerations had been incorporated into the fair value estimates, the aggregate fair value could have been changed.
Loans
Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans based on exit pricing notion. The fair values of performing loans are calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using estimated market discount rates that reflect the credit and interest risk inherent in the loan. The estimates of maturity are based on the Company's historical experience with repayments for each loan classification, modified, as required, by an estimate of the effect of current economic and lending conditions, and the effects of estimated prepayments. Assumptions regarding credit risk, cash flows, and discount rates are judgmentally determined using available market information and specific borrower information. Management has made estimates of fair value using discount rates that it believes to be reasonable. However, because there is no market for many of these financial instruments, Management has no basis to determine whether the fair value presented above would be indicative of the value negotiated in an actual sale. As such, the Company classifies loans as Level 3, except for certain collateral-dependent impaired loans. Fair values of impaired loans are based on estimated cash flows and are discounted using a rate commensurate with the risk associated with the estimated cash flows, or if collateral dependent, discounted to the appraised value of the collateral as determined by reference to sale prices of similar properties, less costs to sell. As such, the Company classifies collateral dependent impaired loans for which a specific reserve results in a fair value measure as Level 2. All other impaired loans are classified as Level 3.
Other Real Estate Owned
Real estate acquired through foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value. The fair value of other real estate owned is based on property appraisals and an analysis of similar properties currently available. As such, the Company records other real estate owned as nonrecurring Level 2.
Mortgage Servicing Rights
Mortgage servicing rights represent the value associated with servicing residential mortgage loans. Servicing assets and servicing liabilities are reported using the amortization method and compared to fair value for impairment. In evaluating the fair values of mortgage servicing rights, the Company obtains third party valuations based on loan level data including note rate, type and term of the underlying loans. As such, the Company classifies mortgage servicing rights as Level 2.
40

Time Deposits
The fair value of maturity deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows using a replacement cost of funds approach. The discount rate is estimated using the cost of funds borrowing rate in the market. As such, the Company classifies deposits as Level 2.
Borrowed Funds
The fair value of borrowed funds is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is estimated using the rates currently available for borrowings of similar remaining maturities. As such, the Company classifies borrowed funds as Level 2.
Derivatives
The fair value of interest rate swaps is determined using inputs that are observable in the market place obtained from third parties including yield curves, publicly available volatilities, and floating indexes and, accordingly, are classified as Level 2 inputs. The credit value adjustments associated with derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by the Company and its counterparties. As of September 30, 2020 and 2019, and December 31, 2019, the Company has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives due to collateral postings.
Customer Loan Derivatives
The valuation of the Company’s customer loan derivatives is obtained from a third-party pricing service and is determined using a discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. The pricing analysis is based on observable inputs for the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity and interest rate curves. The Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of master netting arrangements and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings.
Limitations
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These values do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company's entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company's financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on Management's judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates. Fair value estimates are based on existing on- and off-balance-sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. Other significant assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments include the deferred tax asset, premises and equipment, and other real estate owned. In addition, tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in any of the estimates.
Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following tables present the balances of assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019.

| At September 30, 2020
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored agencies | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27,497,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27,497,000 |
Mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 276,424,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 276,424,000 |
State and political subdivisions | — |  |  | 36,219,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 36,219,000 |
Total securities available for sale | — |  |  | 340,140,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 340,140,000 |
Customer loan interest swap agreements | — |  |  | 3,311,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,311,000 |
Total interest rate swap agreements | — |  |  | 3,311,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,311,000 |
Total assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 343,451,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 343,451,000 |

41

| At September 30, 2020
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Interest rate swap agreements | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,342,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,342,000 |
Customer loan interest swap agreements | — |  |  | 3,311,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,311,000 |
Total liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,653,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,653,000 |

| At December 31, 2019
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored agencies | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,398,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,398,000 |
Mortgage-backed securities | — |  |  | 326,617,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 326,617,000 |
State and political subdivisions | — |  |  | 26,505,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,505,000 |
Total securities available for sale | — |  |  | 360,520,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 360,520,000 |
Interest rate swap agreements | — |  |  | 562,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 562,000 |
Customer loan interest swap agreements | — |  |  | 1,205,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,205,000 |
Total interest rate swap agreements | — |  |  | 1,767,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,767,000 |
Total assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 362,287,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 362,287,000 |

| At December 31, 2019
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Interest rate swap agreements | $ | — |  |  | $ | 439,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 439,000 |
Customer loan interest swap agreements | — |  |  | 1,205,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,205,000 |
Total liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,644,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,644,000 |

| At September 30, 2019
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage-backed securities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 322,190,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 322,190,000 |
State and political subdivisions | — |  |  | 4,608,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,608,000 |
Total securities available for sale | — |  |  | 326,798,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 326,798,000 |
Interest rate swap agreements | — |  |  | 510,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 510,000 |
Customer loan interest swap agreements | — |  |  | 1,643,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,643,000 |
Total interest swap agreements | — |  |  | 2,153,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,153,000 |
Total assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 328,951,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 328,951,000 |

| At September 30, 2019
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Interest rate swap agreements | $ | — |  |  | $ | 845,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 845,000 |
Customer loan interest swap agreements | — |  |  | 1,643,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,643,000 |
Total liabilities | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,488,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,488,000 |

Assets Recorded at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
The following tables include assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that have had a fair value adjustment since their initial recognition. Mortgage servicing rights are presented net of an impairment reserve of $258,000 at September 30,
42

2020 and $0 at December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019. Other real estate owned is presented net of an allowance of $45,000 at September 30, 2020 and $0 at December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019. Only collateral-dependent impaired loans with a related specific allowance for loan losses or a partial charge off are included in impaired loans for purposes of fair value disclosures. Impaired loans below are presented net of specific allowances of $633,000, $1,916,000 and $1,763,000 at September 30, 2020, December 31, 2019, and September 30, 2019, respectively.

| At September 30, 2020
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Mortgage servicing rights | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,013,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,013,000 |
Other real estate owned | — |  |  | 777,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 777,000 |
Impaired loans | — |  |  | 789,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 789,000 |
Total assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,579,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,579,000 |

| At December 31, 2019
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Mortgage servicing rights | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,089,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,089,000 |
Other real estate owned | — |  |  | 279,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 279,000 |
Impaired loans | — |  |  | 6,579,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,579,000 |
Total assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,947,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,947,000 |

| At September 30, 2019
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Mortgage servicing rights | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,083,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,083,000 |
Other real estate owned | — |  |  | 279,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 279,000 |
Impaired loans | — |  |  | 7,143,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,143,000 |
Total assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,505,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,505,000 |

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments
FASB ASC Topic 825 "Financial Instruments" requires disclosures of fair value information about financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, if the fair values can be reasonably determined. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company's various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques using observable inputs when available. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument. Topic 825 excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.
This summary excludes financial assets and liabilities for which carrying value approximates fair values and financial instruments that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Financial instruments for which carrying values approximate fair value include cash equivalents, interest-bearing deposits in other banks, demand, NOW, savings and money market deposits. The estimated fair value of demand, NOW, savings and money market deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. Carrying value is used because the accounts have no stated maturity and the customer has the ability to withdraw funds immediately.
The carrying amount and estimated fair values for financial instruments as of September 30, 2020 were as follows:

| Carrying value |  | Estimated fair value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities to be held to maturity | $ | 331,962,000 |  |  | $ | 342,062,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 342,062,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Loans (net of allowance for loan losses) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | 401,822,000 |  |  | 406,575,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,000 |  |  | 406,562,000 |
Construction | 51,362,000 |  |  | 51,970,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 51,970,000 |
Other | 305,239,000 |  |  | 302,600,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,000 |  |  | 302,567,000 |
Municipal | 43,955,000 |  |  | 44,203,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44,203,000 |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 494,864,000 |  |  | 505,357,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 277,000 |  |  | 505,080,000 |
Construction | 16,011,000 |  |  | 16,178,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,178,000 |
Home equity line of credit | 81,359,000 |  |  | 80,160,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 457,000 |  |  | 79,703,000 |
Consumer | 26,663,000 |  |  | 24,686,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,000 |  |  | 24,677,000 |
Total loans | 1,421,275,000 |  |  | 1,431,729,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 789,000 |  |  | 1,430,940,000 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 2,220,000 |  |  | 2,013,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,013,000 |  |  | — |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Local certificates of deposit | $ | 253,863,000 |  |  | $ | 255,553,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 255,553,000 |  |  | $ | — |
National certificates of deposit | 336,068,000 |  |  | 343,022,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 343,022,000 |  |  | — |
Total certificates of deposits | 589,931,000 |  |  | 598,575,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 598,575,000 |  |  | — |
Repurchase agreements | 66,087,000 |  |  | 55,085,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 55,085,000 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank borrowings | 217,700,000 |  |  | 197,527,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 197,527,000 |  |  | — |
Total borrowed funds | 283,787,000 |  |  | 252,612,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 252,612,000 |  |  | — |

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The carrying amounts and estimated fair values for financial instruments as of December 31, 2019 were as follows:

| Carrying value |  | Estimated fair value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities to be held to maturity | $ | 281,606,000 |  |  | $ | 287,045,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 287,045,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Loans (net of allowance for loan losses) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | 368,645,000 |  |  | 364,626,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,000 |  |  | 364,624,000 |
Construction | 37,678,000 |  |  | 37,366,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37,366,000 |
Other | 215,068,000 |  |  | 212,548,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,046,000 |  |  | 207,502,000 |
Municipal | 41,258,000 |  |  | 40,552,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40,552,000 |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 491,315,000 |  |  | 491,359,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 577,000 |  |  | 490,782,000 |
Construction | 14,785,000 |  |  | 14,786,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,786,000 |
Home equity line of credit | 91,149,000 |  |  | 90,959,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 954,000 |  |  | 90,005,000 |
Consumer | 25,538,000 |  |  | 23,489,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,489,000 |
Total loans | 1,285,436,000 |  |  | 1,275,685,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,579,000 |  |  | 1,269,106,000 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 1,546,000 |  |  | 2,089,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,089,000 |  |  | — |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Local certificates of deposit | $ | 285,602,000 |  |  | $ | 281,480,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 281,480,000 |  |  | $ | — |
National certificates of deposit | 404,377,000 |  |  | 412,337,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 412,337,000 |  |  | — |
Total deposits | 689,979,000 |  |  | 693,817,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 693,817,000 |  |  | — |
Repurchase agreements | 37,450,000 |  |  | 37,450,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 37,450,000 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | 147,505,000 |  |  | 140,063,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 140,063,000 |  |  | — |
Total borrowed funds | 184,955,000 |  |  | 177,513,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 177,513,000 |  |  | — |

45

The carrying amount and estimated fair values for financial instruments as of September 30, 2019 were as follows:

| Carrying value |  | Estimated fair value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities to be held to maturity | $ | 298,786,000 |  |  | $ | 306,647,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 306,647,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Loans (net of allowance for loan losses) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | 363,725,000 |  |  | 360,061,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 622,000 |  |  | 359,439,000 |
Construction | 36,829,000 |  |  | 36,458,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,458,000 |
Other | 198,093,000 |  |  | 196,674,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,142,000 |  |  | 191,532,000 |
Municipal | 36,492,000 |  |  | 36,192,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,192,000 |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 484,160,000 |  |  | 482,121,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 992,000 |  |  | 481,129,000 |
Construction | 14,091,000 |  |  | 14,032,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,032,000 |
Home equity line of credit | 93,180,000 |  |  | 90,289,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 387,000 |  |  | 89,902,000 |
Consumer | 25,124,000 |  |  | 23,318,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,318,000 |
Total loans | 1,251,694,000 |  |  | 1,239,145,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,143,000 |  |  | 1,232,002,000 |
Mortgage servicing rights | 1,451,000 |  |  | 2,083,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,083,000 |  |  | — |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Local certificates of deposit | $ | 283,119,000 |  |  | $ | 285,598,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 285,598,000 |  |  | $ | — |
National certificates of deposit | 378,654,000 |  |  | 379,995,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 379,995,000 |  |  | — |
Total certificates of deposits | 661,773,000 |  |  | 665,593,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 665,593,000 |  |  | — |
Repurchase agreements | 41,310,000 |  |  | 40,004,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,004,000 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances | 140,107,000 |  |  | 140,008,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 140,008,000 |  |  | — |
Total borrowed funds | 181,417,000 |  |  | 180,012,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 180,012,000 |  |  | — |

46

Note 16 – Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards
In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. Under the new guidance, which will replace the existing incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses, banks and other lending institutions will be required to recognize the full amount of expected credit losses. The new guidance, which is referred to as the current expected credit loss model, requires that expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date that are accounted for at amortized cost be measured and recognized based on historical experience and current and reasonably supportable forecasted conditions to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. A modified version of these requirements also applies to debt securities classified as available for sale. The ASU was to be effective for all SEC registrants for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. On October 16, 2019, FASB voted to finalize a proposal issued in August 2019 under which the effective implementation date was changed for SEC registrants meeting the definition of a Smaller Reporting Company to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within such years. The Company qualifies as a Smaller Reporting Company. It continues to evaluate the impact of the adoption of the ASU on its consolidated financial statements, and continues to anticipate that it may have a material impact upon adoption. The Bank has formed an implementation committee for ASU No. 2016-13. To date, committee members have participated in educational seminars on the new standards, identified the historical data sets that will be necessary to implement the new standard, and have chosen a third-party vendor who provides software solutions for ASU No. 2016-13 modeling and calculation. The Bank is in the late stages of implementing this software and plans to run incurred loss and current expected credit models in parallel until adoption of ASU No. 2016-13.
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The ASU was issued to reduce the cost and complexity of the goodwill impairment test. To simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill, step two of the goodwill impairment test was eliminated. Instead, a Company will recognize an impairment of goodwill should the carrying value of a reporting unit exceed its fair value (i.e. step one). The ASU was effective for the Company on January 1, 2020 and will be applied prospectively. Implementation of this ASU did not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. Among the changes, entities will no longer be required to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, but will be required to disclose the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU No. 2018-13 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019; early adoption is permitted. Entities are also allowed to elect early adoption for the eliminated or modified disclosure requirements and delay adoption of the new disclosure requirements until their effective date. As ASU No. 2018-13 only revises disclosure requirements, it did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans. This ASU makes minor changes to the disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension and/or other postretirement benefit plans. ASU 2018-14 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020; early adoption is permitted. As ASU 2018-14 only revises disclosure requirements, it will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
47

Note 17 – Commitment
On September 3, 2020, the Bank entered into a Branch Purchase & Assumption Agreement with Bangor Savings Bank (BSB) to acquire a branch location in Belfast, ME currently owned and operated by Damariscotta Bank & Trust (DB&T); BSB has an agreement in place to purchase DB&T.
The acquisition will be the Bank's first branch location in Waldo County, and is expected to add $16.5 million in deposits and $23.5 million in loans to its balance sheet. The final value of the transaction is estimated to be $24.8 million which includes the loans, an assignment of a ground lease, leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment, and the premium paid for the deposits. The Bank has received regulatory approval for the purchase, and the transaction is expected to be closed in the fourth quarter. A copy of the Agreement is included as Exhibit 10.4.
48

Item 2 – Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition
and Results of Operations
The First Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary
Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains statements that are "forward-looking statements." We may also make written or oral forward-looking statements in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), in our annual reports to shareholders, in press releases and other written materials, and in oral statements made by our officers, directors or employees. You can identify forward-looking statements by the use of the words "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "estimate," "assume," "outlook," "will," "should," and other expressions that predict or indicate future events and trends and which do not relate to historical matters. You should not rely on forward-looking statements, because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond the control of the Company. These risks, uncertainties and other factors may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from the anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
Some of the factors that might cause these differences include the following: changes in general national, regional or international economic conditions or conditions affecting the banking or financial services industries or financial capital markets, volatility and disruption in national and international financial markets, government intervention in the U.S. financial system, reductions in net interest income resulting from interest rate volatility as well as changes in the balance and mix of loans and deposits, reductions in the market value of wealth management assets under administration, changes in the value of securities and other assets, reductions in loan demand, changes in loan collectability, default and charge-off rates, changes in the size and nature of the Company's competition, changes in legislation or regulation and accounting principles, policies and guidelines, uncertainties with respect to the duration, nature, and extent of the COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences, and changes in the assumptions used in making such forward-looking statements. In addition, the factors described under "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019, as filed with the SEC, may result in these differences, as well as the "Risk Factors" in Part II, Item 1A listed below. You should carefully review all of these factors, and you should be aware that there may be other factors that could cause these differences. These forward-looking statements were based on information, plans and estimates at the date of this quarterly report, and we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, future events or other changes.
Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in these forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. The Company undertakes no obligation to republish revised forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Readers are also urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made by the Company, which attempt to advise interested parties of the facts that affect the Company's business.
Critical Accounting Policies
Management's discussion and analysis of the Company's financial condition is based on the consolidated financial statements which are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of such financial statements requires Management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, Management evaluates its estimates, including those related to the allowance for loan losses, goodwill, the valuation of mortgage servicing rights, and other-than-temporary impairment on securities. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis in making judgments about the carrying values of assets that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results could differ from the amount derived from Management's estimates and assumptions under different assumptions or conditions.
Allowance for Loan Losses. Management believes the allowance for loan losses requires the most significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements. The allowance for loan losses is based on Management's evaluation of the level of the allowance required in relation to the estimated loss exposure in the loan portfolio. Management believes the allowance for loan losses is a significant estimate and therefore regularly evaluates it to determine the appropriate level by taking into consideration factors such as prior loan loss experience, the character and size of the loan portfolio, business and economic conditions and Management's estimation of potential losses. The use of different estimates or assumptions could produce different provisions for loan losses.
Goodwill. Management utilizes numerous techniques to estimate the value of various assets held by the Company, including methods to determine the appropriate carrying value of goodwill as required under FASB ASC Topic 350 "Intangibles – Goodwill and Other." In addition, goodwill from a purchase acquisition is subject to ongoing periodic impairment tests, which include an evaluation of the ongoing assets, liabilities and revenues from the acquisition and an estimation of the impact of business conditions.
49

Mortgage Servicing Rights. The valuation of mortgage servicing rights is a critical accounting policy which requires significant estimates and assumptions. The Bank often sells mortgage loans it originates and retains the ongoing servicing of such loans, receiving a fee for these services, generally 0.25% of the outstanding balance of the loan per annum. Mortgage servicing rights are recognized at fair value when they are acquired through the sale of loans, and are reported in other assets. They are amortized into non-interest income in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying financial assets. The rights are subsequently carried at the lower of amortized cost or fair value. Management uses an independent firm which specializes in the valuation of mortgage servicing rights to determine the fair value which is recorded on the balance sheet. The most important assumption is the anticipated loan prepayment rate, and increases in prepayment speed results in lower valuations of mortgage servicing rights. The valuation also includes an evaluation for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights, which can vary depending upon current interest rates and prepayment expectations, as compared to amortized cost. Impairment is determined by stratifying rights by predominant characteristics, such as interest rates and terms. The use of different assumptions could produce a different valuation. All of the assumptions are based on standards the Company believes would be utilized by market participants in valuing mortgage servicing rights and are consistently derived and/or benchmarked against independent public sources.
Other-Than-Temporary Impairment on Securities. One of the significant estimates related to investment securities is the evaluation of other-than-temporary impairments. The evaluation of securities for other-than-temporary impairments is a quantitative and qualitative process, which is subject to risks and uncertainties and is intended to determine whether declines in the fair value of investments should be recognized in current period earnings. The risks and uncertainties include changes in general economic conditions, the issuer's financial condition and/or future prospects, the effects of changes in interest rates or credit spreads and the expected recovery period of unrealized losses. Securities that are in an unrealized loss position are reviewed at least quarterly to determine if other-than-temporary impairment is present based on certain quantitative and qualitative factors and measures. The primary factors considered in evaluating whether a decline in value of securities is other-than-temporary include: (a) the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost or amortized cost and the expected recovery period of the security, (b) the financial condition, credit rating and future prospects of the issuer, (c) whether the debtor is current on contractually obligated interest and principal payments, (d) the volatility of the securities' market price, (e) the intent and ability of the Company to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for recovery, which may be at maturity and (f) any other information and observable data considered relevant in determining whether other-than-temporary impairment has occurred, including the expectation of receipt of all principal and interest when due.
Derivative Financial Instruments. The Bank recognizes all derivatives in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. On the date the Bank enters into the derivative contract, the Bank designates the derivative as a hedge of either a forecasted transaction or the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow hedge”), a hedge of the fair value of a recognized asset or liability or of an unrecognized firm commitment (“fair value hedge”), or a held for trading instrument (“trading instrument”). The Bank formally documents relationships between hedging instruments and hedged items, as well as its risk management objectives and strategy for undertaking various hedge transactions. The Bank also assesses, both at the hedge’s inception and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivatives that are used in hedging transactions are effective in offsetting changes in cash flows or fair values of hedged items. Changes in fair value of a derivative that is effective and that qualifies as a cash flow hedge are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) and are reclassified into earnings when the forecasted transaction or related cash flows affect earnings. Changes in fair value of a derivative that qualifies as a fair value hedge and the change in fair value of the hedged item are both recorded in earnings and offset each other when the transaction is effective. Those derivatives that are classified as trading instruments, including customer loan swaps, are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings. The Bank discontinues hedge accounting when it determines that the derivative is no longer effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of the hedged item, that it is unlikely that the forecasted transaction will occur, or that the designation of the derivative as a hedging instrument is no longer appropriate.
Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Certain information in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this Report contains financial information determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP. Management uses these "non-GAAP" measures in its analysis of the Company's performance and believes that these non-GAAP financial measures provide a greater understanding of ongoing operations and enhance comparability of results with prior periods as well as demonstrating the effects of significant gains and charges in the current period. The Company believes that a meaningful analysis of its financial performance requires an understanding of the factors underlying that performance. Management believes that investors may use these non-GAAP financial measures to analyze financial performance without the impact of unusual items that may obscure trends in the Company's underlying performance. These disclosures should not be viewed as a substitute for operating results determined in accordance with GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies.
50

In several places net interest income is presented on a fully taxable-equivalent basis. Specifically included in interest income was tax-exempt interest income from certain investment securities and loans. An amount equal to the tax benefit derived from this tax exempt income has been added back to the interest income total which, as adjusted, increased net interest income accordingly. Management believes the disclosure of tax-equivalent net interest income information improves the clarity of financial analysis, and is particularly useful to investors in understanding and evaluating the changes and trends in the Company's results of operations. Other financial institutions commonly present net interest income on a tax-equivalent basis. This adjustment is considered helpful in the comparison of one financial institution's net interest income to that of another, as each will have a different proportion of tax-exempt interest from its earning assets. Moreover, net interest income is a component of a second financial measure commonly used by financial institutions, net interest margin, which is the ratio of net interest income to average earning assets. For purposes of this measure as well, other financial institutions generally use tax-equivalent net interest income to provide a better basis of comparison from institution to institution. The Company follows these practices. The following table provides a reconciliation of tax-equivalent financial information to the Company's consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. A Federal Income Tax rate of 21.0% was used in 2020 and 2019.

| For the nine months ended September 30, | For the quarter ended September 30,
Dollars in thousands | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019
Net interest income as presented | $ | 44,154 |  | $ | 39,075 |  | $ | 14,745 |  | $ | 13,226 |
Effect of tax-exempt income | 1,741 |  | 1,723 |  | 586 |  | 572 |
Net interest income, tax equivalent | $ | 45,895 |  | $ | 40,798 |  | $ | 15,331 |  | $ | 13,798 |

The Company presents its efficiency ratio using non-GAAP information which is most commonly used by financial institutions. The GAAP-based efficiency ratio is noninterest expenses divided by net interest income plus noninterest income from the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Loss). The non-GAAP efficiency ratio excludes securities losses and other-than-temporary impairment charges from noninterest expenses, excludes securities gains from noninterest income, and adds the tax-equivalent adjustment to net interest income. The following table provides a reconciliation between the GAAP and non-GAAP efficiency ratio:

| For the nine months ended September 30, | For the quarter ended September 30,
Dollars in thousands | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019
Non-interest expense, as presented | $ | 29,236 |  | $ | 26,168 |  | $ | 9,276 |  | $ | 9,040 |
Net interest income, as presented | 44,154 |  | 39,075 |  | 14,745 |  | 13,226 |
Effect of tax-exempt interest income | 1,741 |  | 1,723 |  | 586 |  | 572 |
Non-interest income, as presented | 13,627 |  | 10,281 |  | 4,805 |  | 3,532 |
Effect of non-interest tax-exempt income | 124 |  | 124 |  | 41 |  | 41 |
Net securities gains | (1,179) |  | (15) |  | — |  | (15) |
Adjusted net interest income plus non-interest income | $ | 58,467 |  | $ | 51,188 |  | $ | 20,177 |  | $ | 17,356 |
Non-GAAP efficiency ratio | 50.00 | % | 51.12 | % | 45.97 | % | 52.08 | %
GAAP efficiency ratio | 50.60 | % | 53.02 | % | 47.45 | % | 53.94 | %

The Company presents certain information based upon average tangible shareholders' common equity instead of total average shareholders' equity. The difference between these measures is the Company's intangible assets, specifically goodwill from prior acquisitions. Management, banking regulators and many stock analysts use the tangible common equity ratio and the tangible book value per common share in conjunction with more traditional bank capital ratios to compare the capital adequacy of banking organizations with significant amounts of goodwill or other intangible assets, typically stemming from the use of the purchase accounting method in accounting for mergers and acquisitions.
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The following table provides a reconciliation of average tangible shareholders' common equity to the Company's consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP:

| For the nine months ended September 30, | For the quarter ended September 30,
Dollars in thousands | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019
Average shareholders' equity as presented | $ | 218,603 |  | $ | 201,655 |  | $ | 220,465 |  | $ | 208,040 |
Less average intangible assets | (29,920) |  | (29,963) |  | (29,934) |  | (29,978) |
Average tangible shareholders' common equity | $ | 188,683 |  | $ | 171,692 |  | $ | 190,531 |  | $ | 178,062 |

To provide period-to-period comparison of operating results prior to consideration of credit loss provision and income taxes, the non-GAAP measure of Pre-Tax, Pre-Provision Net Income is presented. The following table provides a reconciliation to Net Income:

| For the nine months ended September 30, | For the quarters ended September 30,
Dollars in thousands | 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019
Net Income, as presented | $ | 20,159 |  | $ | 18,839 |  | $ | 7,095 |  | $ | 6,288 |
Add: provision for loan losses | 4,550 |  | 875 |  | 1,800 |  | 250 |
Add: income taxes | 3,836 |  | 3,474 |  | 1,379 |  | 1,180 |
Pre-Tax, pre-provision net income | $ | 28,545 |  | $ | 23,188 |  | $ | 10,274 |  | $ | 7,718 |

Executive Summary
Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $20.2 million, up $1.3 million or 7.0% from the same period in 2019. Earnings per common share on a fully diluted basis were $1.84 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, up $0.11 or 6.4% from the $1.73 posted for the same period in 2019. For the quarter ended September 30, 2020, net income was $7.1 million, up $807,000 or 12.8% from the same period in 2019. Earnings per common share on a fully diluted basis were $0.65 for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, up $0.07 or 12.1% from the $0.58 posted in 2019. Compared to the second quarter of 2020, net income was up $526,000 or 8.0% and earnings per common share on a fully diluted basis were $0.65, up $0.05 from the prior quarter.
The Company posted record operating results during the third quarter of 2020 despite the continued operational and business climate challenges brought about by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Net income of $7.1 million was achieved via an increase in net interest income before loan loss provision, continued strong non-interest revenue and controlled operating expenses. Asset quality remained stable as improvements noted over the first two quarters of 2020 were sustained. Based upon the strength of the Company's earnings, a dividend of 31 cents per share was declared in the third quarter, representing a payout to our shareholders of 47.69 o f net income for the period.
Net interest income on a tax-equivalent basis was up $5.1 million or 12.5% in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. This increase is attributable to growth in earning assets, stable interest rate margins and the recovery of interest on resolved problem loans during the first quarter of 2020. The tax equivalent net interest margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, was 2.93%, up from 2.90% for the same period in 2019. For the quarter ended September 30, 2020, net interest income on a tax-equivalent basis increased $1.5 million or 11.1% compared to the same period in 2019, with the net interest margin down six basis points to 2.82%.
Non-interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $13.6 million, up $3.3 million or 32.5%, from the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Strong demand for both purchase and refinance loans led to mortgage banking revenue increasing $2.6 million or 209.9%. Revenue at First National Wealth Management increased $253,000 and net gains on securities added $1.2 million, while service charge income and other income were both negatively impacted by lower transaction volume related to COVID-19.
Non-interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $29.2 million, up $3.1 million or 11.7% from the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The year-to-year change was impacted by charges taken during the first quarter of 2020, to restructure interest rate swap positions, as well as increases in employee expenses and furniture and equipment expense.
Asset quality held steady in the third quarter. Non-performing assets stood at 0.43% of total assets as of September 30, 2020, down from 0.84% of total assets as of September 30, 2019 and 0.82% as of December 31, 2019. Total past-due loans
52

were 0.89% of total loans as of September 30, 2020, down from 1.16% of total loans as of December 31, 2019 and up from 0.78% as of September 30, 2019.
The provision for loan losses for the first nine months of 2020 was $4.6 million, up from the $875,000 provisioned in the same period in 2019. Despite year-to-date improvement in non-performing asset levels, continued positive charge-off metrics, and stable levels of past due loans, the uncertainties resulting from COVID-19 led management to provision at elevated levels in the second and third quarters based upon the potential impact of current economic conditions to borrowers. Net loan chargeoffs for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were $817,000 or 0.08% of average loans on an annualized basis. This was up from net chargeoffs of $342,000 or 0.04% of average loans on an annualized basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The allowance for loan losses increased $3.7 million between December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2020, and now stands at 1.07% of loans outstanding as of September 30, 2020, up from 0.90% and 0.93% of loans outstanding at December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019, respectively.
The Company's balance sheet continued to expand in the first nine months of 2020 as total assets increased $227.8 million or 11.0% year-to-date. The loan portfolio increased $139.6 million or 10.8% in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and $173.2 million or 13.7% from a year ago. Loan growth year to date has been centered in commercial real estate and construction loans, up $48.3 million, and other commercial loans, up $90.5 million. Other commercial loans include Payroll Protection Program (PPP) loan balances of $97.3 million. Overall loan balances were down $15.0 million in the third quarter, the result of payoffs of large individual credits in the other commercial loans segment of the portfolio. The investment portfolio has increased $31.5 million year-to-date and increased $48.1 million or 7.6% from a year ago. On the liability side of the balance sheet, low-cost deposits have increased $216.7 million or 27.1% year-to-date, with much of the growth attributable to various economic stimulus programs, including proceeds of PPP loans, being deposited back to the Bank. Year-over-year, low-cost deposits increased $203.4 million or 25.0%. Local certificates of deposit ("CDs") decreased $29.3 million and wholesale CDs decreased $70.8 million year-to-date.
Remaining well capitalized is a top priority for The First Bancorp, Inc. The Company's total risk-based capital ratio was 15.44% as of September 30, 2020, solidly above the well-capitalized threshold of 10.0% set by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency.
The Company's operating ratios remain good, with a return on average tangible common equity of 14.27% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 14.67% for the same period in 2019. Based upon June 30, 2020 data, our return on average tangible common equity was in the top 17% of all banks in the UBPR peer group, which had an average return on equity of 9.79%. Our non-GAAP efficiency ratio continues to be an important component in our overall performance and stood at 50.00% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 51.12% for the same period in 2019. The Company's efficiency ratio was elevated in the first quarter of 2020 due to charges taken to restructure several interest rate swap positions. In the absence of these charges, the non-GAAP efficiency ratio for the first nine months of 2020 would have been 46.87%.
Net Interest Income
Total interest income of $58.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was a decrease of $1.0 million or 1.7% compared to total interest income of $59.0 million for the same period of 2019. Total interest expense of $13.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was a decrease of $6.1 million or 30.6% compared to total interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. As a result, net interest income of $44.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was an increase of $5.1 million or 13.0% compared to net interest income of $39.1 million for the same period ended September 30, 2019. This increase is attributable to growth in earning assets, stable margins, and the recovery of interest on resolved problem loans during the first quarter of 2020. The Company's net interest margin on a tax-equivalent basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was 2.93%, up from 2.90% for the first nine months of 2019. Tax-exempt interest income amounted to $6.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.
The following tables present the amount of interest earned or paid, as well as the average yield or rate on an annualized basis, for each major category of assets or liabilities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Tax-exempt income is calculated on a tax-equivalent basis, using a 21.0% Federal Income Tax rate.
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| For the nine months ended
| September 30, 2020 |  | September 30, 2019 |
Dollars in thousands | Amount of interest |  | Average Yield/Rate |  | Amount of interest |  | Average Yield/Rate |
Interest on earning assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits | $ | 87 |  |  | 0.46 |  | % | $ | 145 |  |  | 2.34 |  | %
Investments | 15,277 |  |  | 3.07 |  | % | 15,856 |  |  | 3.42 |  | %
Loans held for sale | 25 |  |  | 1.24 |  | % | 4 |  |  | 1.77 |  | %
Loans | 44,338 |  |  | 4.23 |  | % | 44,712 |  |  | 4.76 |  | %
Total interest income | 59,727 |  |  | 3.81 |  | % | 60,717 |  |  | 4.31 |  | %
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 11,613 |  |  | 1.03 |  | % | 17,739 |  |  | 1.65 |  | %
Other borrowings | 2,219 |  |  | 1.15 |  | % | 2,180 |  |  | 1.55 |  | %
Total interest expense | 13,832 |  |  | 1.04 |  | % | 19,919 |  |  | 1.64 |  | %
Net interest income | $ | 45,895 |  |  |  |  | $ | 40,798 |  |  |  |
Interest rate spread |  |  | 2.77 |  | % |  |  | 2.67 |  | %
Net interest margin |  |  | 2.93 |  | % |  |  | 2.90 |  | %

| For the quarters ended
| September 30, 2020 |  | September 30, 2019 |
Dollars in thousands | Amount of interest |  | Average Yield/Rate |  | Amount of interest |  | Average Yield/Rate |
Interest on earning assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits | $ | 8 |  |  | 0.12 |  | % | $ | 48 |  |  | 2.09 |  | %
Investments | 4,898 |  |  | 2.88 |  | % | 5,356 |  |  | 3.36 |  | %
Loans held for sale | 19 |  |  | 1.51 |  | % | 2 |  |  | 1.66 |  | %
Loans | 14,167 |  |  | 3.88 |  | % | 15,070 |  |  | 4.75 |  | %
Total interest-earning assets | 19,092 |  |  | 3.52 |  | % | 20,476 |  |  | 4.27 |  | %
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 2,866 |  |  | 0.75 |  | % | 5,983 |  |  | 1.65 |  | %
Other borrowings | 895 |  |  | 1.27 |  | % | 695 |  |  | 1.50 |  | %
Total interest expense | 3,761 |  |  | 0.83 |  | % | 6,678 |  |  | 1.63 |  | %
Net interest income | $ | 15,331 |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,798 |  |  |  |
Interest rate spread |  |  | 2.69 |  | % |  |  | 2.64 |  | %
Net interest margin |  |  | 2.82 |  | % |  |  | 2.88 |  | %

Interest income includes $788,000 in net origination fees recognized year-to-date attributable to PPP loans; as of September 30, 2020, net unrecognized PPP origination fees totaled $2.7 million. No such fees were recognized in 2019 or in the first quarter of 2020.
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The following tables present changes in interest income and expense attributable to changes in interest rates and volume for interest-earning assets and liabilities for the nine months and quarters ended September 30, 2020 compared to 2019. Tax-exempt income is calculated on a tax-equivalent basis, using a 21% Federal Income Tax rate.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to 2019 |  |  |  |
Dollars in thousands | Volume |  | Rate |  | Rate/Volume 1 |  | Total
Interest on earning assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits | $ | 299 |  |  | $ | (117) |  |  | $ | (240) |  |  | $ | (58) |
Investment securities | 1,128 |  |  | (1,594) |  |  | (113) |  |  | (579) |
Loans held for sale | 32 |  |  | (1) |  |  | (10) |  |  | 21 |
Loans | 5,146 |  |  | (4,950) |  |  | (570) |  |  | (374) |
Change in interest income | 6,605 |  |  | (6,662) |  |  | (933) |  |  | (990) |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 911 |  |  | (6,693) |  |  | (344) |  |  | (6,126) |
Other borrowings | 824 |  |  | (570) |  |  | (215) |  |  | 39 |
Change in interest expense | 1,735 |  |  | (7,263) |  |  | (559) |  |  | (6,087) |
Change in net interest income | $ | 4,870 |  |  | $ | 601 |  |  | $ | (374) |  |  | $ | 5,097 |

1 Represents the change attributable to a combination of change in rate and change in volume.

For the quarter ended September 30, 2020 compared to 2019 |  |  |  |
Dollars in thousands | Volume |  | Rate |  | Rate/Volume 1 |  | Total
Interest on earning assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits | $ | 86 |  |  | $ | (45) |  |  | $ | (81) |  |  | $ | (40) |
Investment securities | 373 |  |  | (777) |  |  | (54) |  |  | (458) |
Loans held for sale | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | 17 |
Loans | 2,327 |  |  | (2,798) |  |  | (432) |  |  | (903) |
Change in interest income | 2,805 |  |  | (3,620) |  |  | (569) |  |  | (1,384) |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 329 |  |  | (3,266) |  |  | (180) |  |  | (3,117) |
Other borrowings | 370 |  |  | (111) |  |  | (59) |  |  | 200 |
Change in interest expense | 699 |  |  | (3,377) |  |  | (239) |  |  | (2,917) |
Change in net interest income | $ | 2,106 |  |  | $ | (243) |  |  | $ | (330) |  |  | $ | 1,533 |

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Average Daily Balance Sheets
The following table shows the Company's average daily balance sheets for the nine months and quarters ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

| For the nine months ended |  | For the quarters ended
Dollars in thousands | September 30, 2020 |  | September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2020 |  | September 30, 2019
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 19,336 |  |  | $ | 16,462 |  |  | $ | 24,995 |  |  | $ | 18,325 |
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks | 25,386 |  |  | 8,283 |  |  | 25,558 |  |  | 9,133 |
Securities available for sale | 321,834 |  |  | 324,001 |  |  | 318,080 |  |  | 323,969 |
Securities to be held to maturity | 332,467 |  |  | 287,051 |  |  | 348,185 |  |  | 299,742 |
Restricted equity securities, at cost | 10,252 |  |  | 9,371 |  |  | 10,545 |  |  | 8,982 |
Loans held for sale | 2,701 |  |  | 302 |  |  | 4,998 |  |  | 477 |
Loans | 1,399,539 |  |  | 1,255,089 |  |  | 1,453,139 |  |  | 1,258,738 |
Allowance for loan losses | (12,850) |  |  | (11,477) |  |  | (14,552) |  |  | (11,597) |
Net loans | 1,386,689 |  |  | 1,243,612 |  |  | 1,438,587 |  |  | 1,247,141 |
Accrued interest receivable | 9,144 |  |  | 8,105 |  |  | 9,947 |  |  | 7,936 |
Premises and equipment | 20,971 |  |  | 21,529 |  |  | 20,611 |  |  | 20,978 |
Other real estate owned | 527 |  |  | 457 |  |  | 845 |  |  | 282 |
Goodwill | 29,805 |  |  | 29,805 |  |  | 29,805 |  |  | 29,805 |
Other assets | 51,482 |  |  | 45,896 |  |  | 53,131 |  |  | 47,124 |
Total Assets | $ | 2,210,594 |  |  | $ | 1,994,874 |  |  | $ | 2,285,287 |  |  | $ | 2,013,894 |
Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand deposits | $ | 198,196 |  |  | $ | 153,824 |  |  | $ | 234,898 |  |  | $ | 163,803 |
NOW deposits | 419,334 |  |  | 365,925 |  |  | 452,758 |  |  | 365,352 |
Money market deposits | 165,465 |  |  | 137,988 |  |  | 165,964 |  |  | 138,717 |
Savings deposits | 253,110 |  |  | 237,707 |  |  | 271,035 |  |  | 240,129 |
Certificates of deposit | 673,005 |  |  | 695,504 |  |  | 631,581 |  |  | 697,913 |
Total deposits | 1,709,110 |  |  | 1,590,948 |  |  | 1,756,236 |  |  | 1,605,914 |
Borrowed funds – short term | 203,385 |  |  | 177,459 |  |  | 225,897 |  |  | 173,318 |
Borrowed funds – long term | 55,097 |  |  | 10,107 |  |  | 55,097 |  |  | 10,107 |
Dividends payable | 813 |  |  | 1,160 |  |  | 848 |  |  | 1,207 |
Other liabilities | 23,586 |  |  | 13,545 |  |  | 26,744 |  |  | 15,308 |
Total Liabilities | 1,991,991 |  |  | 1,793,219 |  |  | 2,064,822 |  |  | 1,805,854 |
Shareholders' Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock | 109 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 109 |
Additional paid-in capital | 64,396 |  |  | 63,138 |  |  | 64,720 |  |  | 63,416 |
Retained earnings | 151,752 |  |  | 138,646 |  |  | 155,087 |  |  | 141,594 |
Net unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale | 6,772 |  |  | (652) |  |  | 6,942 |  |  | 3,169 |
Net unrealized loss on securities transferred from available for sale to held to maturity | (163) |  |  | (192) |  |  | (143) |  |  | (187) |
Net unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedging derivative instruments | (4,287) |  |  | 569 |  |  | (6,274) |  |  | (98) |
Net unrealized gain on postretirement benefit costs | 24 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 37 |
Total Shareholders' Equity | 218,603 |  |  | 201,655 |  |  | 220,465 |  |  | 208,040 |
Total Liabilities & Shareholders' Equity | $ | 2,210,594 |  |  | $ | 1,994,874 |  |  | $ | 2,285,287 |  |  | $ | 2,013,894 |

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Non-Interest Income
Non-interest income of $13.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is an increase of $3.3 million compared to the same period in 2019. Strong purchase and refinance volume led to mortgage banking revenue increasing $2.6 million or 209.9%. Revenue at First National Wealth Management increased $253,000 and net gains on securities added $1.2 million, while service charge income and other income were both negatively impacted by lower transaction volume related to COVID-19. Non-interest income of $4.8 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 is an increase of $1.3 compared to the same period in 2019, due primarily to mortgage banking revenue.
Non-Interest Expense
Non-interest expense of $29.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is an increase of 11.7% or $3.1 million compared to non-interest expense of $26.2 million for the same period in 2019. The year-to-year change was impacted by charges taken during the first quarter of 2020 to restructure interest rate swap positions, as well as increases in employee expenses and furniture and equipment expense. The Company's non-GAAP efficiency ratio stood at 50.00% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, down from 51.12% for the same period in 2019. The ratio was elevated in the first quarter of 2020 due to charges taken to restructure several interest rate swap positions. In the absence of these charges, the non-GAAP efficiency ratio for the first nine months of 2020 would have been 46.87%. Non-interest expense of $9.3 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 is an increase of 2.6% compared to non-interest expense of $9.0 million for the same period in 2019 due to the reasons mentioned above along with the application of FDIC assessment credits in third quarter of 2019.
Income Taxes
Income taxes on operating earnings were $3.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, up $362,000 from the same period in 2019.
Investments
The Company's investment portfolio increased by $31.5 million between December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2020, mortgage-backed securities had a carrying value of $319.8 million and a fair value of $320.6 million. Of this total, securities with a fair value of $122.3 million or 38.1% of the mortgage-backed portfolio were issued by the Government National Mortgage Association and securities with a fair value of $198.3 million or 61.9% of the mortgage-backed portfolio were issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac") and the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae").
The Company's investment securities are classified into two categories: securities available for sale and securities to be held to maturity. Securities available for sale consist primarily of debt securities which Management intends to hold for indefinite periods of time. They may be used as part of the Company's funds management strategy, and may be sold in response to changes in interest rates, prepayment risk and liquidity needs, to increase capital ratios, or for other similar reasons. Securities to be held to maturity consist primarily of debt securities that the Company has acquired solely for long-term investment purposes, rather than potential future sale. For securities to be categorized as held to maturity, Management must have the intent and the Company must have the ability to hold such investments until their respective maturity dates. The Company does not hold trading account securities.
All investment securities are managed in accordance with a written investment policy adopted by the Board of Directors. It is the Company's general policy that investments for either portfolio be limited to government debt obligations, time deposits, and corporate bonds or commercial paper with one of the three highest ratings given by a nationally recognized rating agency. The portfolio is currently invested primarily in U.S. Government agency securities and tax-exempt obligations of states and political subdivisions. The individual securities have been selected to enhance the portfolio's overall yield while not materially adding to the Company's level of interest rate risk.
During the third quarter of 2014, the Company transferred securities with a total amortized cost of $89,780,000 and a corresponding fair value of $89,757,000 from available for sale to held to maturity. The net unrealized loss, net of taxes, on these securities at the date of the transfer was $15,000. The net unrealized holding loss at the time of transfer continues to be reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax and is amortized over the remaining lives of the securities as an adjustment of the yield. The amortization of the net unrealized loss reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) will offset the effect on interest income of the discount for the transferred securities. The remaining unamortized balance of the net unrealized losses for the securities transferred from available for sale to held to maturity was $139,000 at September 30, 2020. This compares to $182,000 and $189,000, net of taxes, at December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019, respectively. These securities were transferred as a part of the Company's overall investment and balance sheet strategies.
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The following table sets forth the Company's investment securities at their carrying amounts as of September 30, 2020 and 2019 and December 31, 2019.

Dollars in thousands | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | September 30, 2019
Securities available for sale |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored agencies | $ | 27,497 |  |  | $ | 7,398 |  |  | $ | — |
Mortgage-backed securities | 276,424 |  |  | 326,617 |  |  | 322,190 |
State and political subdivisions | 36,219 |  |  | 26,505 |  |  | 4,608 |
| $ | 340,140 |  |  | $ | 360,520 |  |  | $ | 326,798 |
Securities to be held to maturity |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government-sponsored agencies | $ | 26,146 |  |  | $ | 32,840 |  |  | $ | 32,840 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 43,414 |  |  | 14,431 |  |  | 15,584 |
State and political subdivisions | 245,152 |  |  | 219,585 |  |  | 236,612 |
Corporate securities | 17,250 |  |  | 14,750 |  |  | 13,750 |
| $ | 331,962 |  |  | $ | 281,606 |  |  | $ | 298,786 |
Restricted equity securities |  |  |  |  |
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock | $ | 9,508 |  |  | $ | 7,945 |  |  | $ | 7,945 |
Federal Reserve Bank Stock | 1,037 |  |  | 1,037 |  |  | 1,037 |
| $ | 10,545 |  |  | $ | 8,982 |  |  | $ | 8,982 |
Total securities | $ | 682,647 |  |  | $ | 651,108 |  |  | $ | 634,566 |

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The following table sets forth yields and contractual maturities of the Company's investment securities as of September 30, 2020. Yields on tax-exempt securities have been computed on a tax-equivalent basis using a tax rate of 21%. Mortgage-backed securities are presented according to their final contractual maturity date, while the calculated yield takes into effect the intermediate cash flows from repayment of principal which results in a much shorter average life.

| Available For Sale |  | Held to Maturity |
Dollars in thousands | Fair Value |  | Yield to maturity |  | Amortized Cost |  | Yield to maturity |
U.S. Government-Sponsored Agencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due in 1 year or less | $ | — |  |  | 0.00 |  | % | $ | — |  |  | 0.00 |  | %
Due in 1 to 5 years | — |  |  | 0.00 |  | % | — |  |  | 0.00 |  | %
Due in 5 to 10 years | 6,964 |  |  | 1.14 |  | % | 18,147 |  |  | 2.74 |  | %
Due after 10 years | 20,533 |  |  | 2.36 |  | % | 7,999 |  |  | 2.88 |  | %
Total | 27,497 |  |  | 2.05 |  | % | 26,146 |  |  | 2.78 |  | %
Mortgage-Backed Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due in 1 year or less | 7,159 |  |  | 3.03 |  | % | — |  |  | 0.00 |  | %
Due in 1 to 5 years | 24,260 |  |  | 2.47 |  | % | 7,963 |  |  | 1.76 |  | %
Due in 5 to 10 years | 42,412 |  |  | 2.54 |  | % | 13,149 |  |  | 2.74 |  | %
Due after 10 years | 202,593 |  |  | 2.13 |  | % | 22,302 |  |  | 2.52 |  | %
Total | 276,424 |  |  | 2.24 |  | % | 43,414 |  |  | 2.45 |  | %
State & Political Subdivisions |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due in 1 year or less | — |  |  | 0.00 |  | % | 1,704 |  |  | 5.52 |  | %
Due in 1 to 5 years | — |  |  | 0.00 |  | % | 14,632 |  |  | 5.44 |  | %
Due in 5 to 10 years | 10,710 |  |  | 4.91 |  | % | 138,604 |  |  | 4.54 |  | %
Due after 10 years | 25,509 |  |  | 4.04 |  | % | 90,212 |  |  | 4.05 |  | %
Total | 36,219 |  |  | 4.30 |  | % | 245,152 |  |  | 4.42 |  | %
Corporate Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Due in 1 year or less | — |  |  | 0.00 |  | % | 750 |  |  | 1.75 |  | %
Due in 1 to 5 years | — |  |  | 0.00 |  | % | 10,000 |  |  | 5.43 |  | %
Due in 5 to 10 years | — |  |  | 0.00 |  | % | 6,500 |  |  | 4.92 |  | %
Due after 10 years | — |  |  | 0.00 |  | % | — |  |  | 0.00 |  | %
Total | — |  |  | 0.00 |  | % | 17,250 |  |  | 5.08 |  | %
| $ | 340,140 |  |  | 2.45 |  | % | $ | 331,962 |  |  | 4.07 |  | %

Held To Maturity Sales
During the second quarter of 2020, 28 municipal securities were sold that had been designated as Held to Maturity. Proceeds from these sales totaled $8.6 million against a cumulative book value of $8.3 million resulting in a net realized gain of $268,000. The potential economic impact of COVID-19 is considered to be an isolated and unusual event that could not be reasonably anticipated as outlined in ASC Section 320-10-25. Management conducted a review of its municipal bond portfolio in conjunction with risk mitigation efforts related to the onset of the COVID-19 virus; the intent of the review was to identify investment exposures with lower relative credit ratings, locales with perceived above average economic risk, municipal entities with reliance upon sales tax or income tax revenue, or any combination of these factors. Each of the sold positions met one or more of the criteria.
Impaired Securities
The securities portfolio contains certain securities where the amortized cost of which exceeds fair value, which at September 30, 2020 amounted to $1.4 million, or 0.21% of the amortized cost of the total securities portfolio. At December 31, 2019, this amount was $1.1 million, or 0.18% of the amortized cost of total securities portfolio. As a part of the Company's ongoing security monitoring process, the Company identifies securities in an unrealized loss position that could potentially be other-than-temporarily impaired. If a decline in the fair value of a debt security is judged to be other-than-temporary, the decline related to credit loss is recorded in net realized securities losses while the decline attributable to other factors is recorded in other comprehensive income or loss.
The Company's evaluation of securities for impairment is a quantitative and qualitative process intended to determine whether declines in the fair value of investment securities should be recognized in current period earnings. The primary factors
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considered in evaluating whether a decline in the fair value of securities is other-than-temporary include: (a) the length of time and extent to which the fair value has been less than cost or amortized cost and the expected recovery period of the security, (b) the financial condition, credit rating and future prospects of the issuer, (c) whether the debtor is current on contractually obligated interest and principal payments, (d) the volatility of the securities market price, (e) the intent and ability of the Company to retain the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for recovery, which may be at maturity, and (f) any other information and observable data considered relevant in determining whether other-than-temporary impairment has occurred.
The Company's best estimate of cash flows uses severe economic recession assumptions due to market uncertainty. The Company's assumptions include but are not limited to delinquencies, foreclosure levels and constant default rates on the underlying collateral, loss severity ratios, and constant prepayment rates. If the Company does not expect to receive 100% of future contractual principal and interest, an other-than-temporary impairment charge is recognized. Estimating future cash flows is a quantitative and qualitative process that incorporates information received from third party sources along with certain internal assumptions and judgments regarding the future performance of the underlying collateral.
As of September 30, 2020, the Company had temporarily impaired securities with a fair value of $120.1 million and unrealized losses of $1.4 million, as identified in the table below. Securities in a continuous unrealized loss position more than twelve months amounted to $4.2 million as of September 30, 2020, compared with $19.0 million at December 31, 2019. The Company has concluded that these securities were not other-than-temporarily impaired. This conclusion was based on the issuer's continued satisfaction of the securities obligations in accordance with their contractual terms and the expectation that the issuer will continue to do so, Management's intent and ability to hold these securities for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value which may be at maturity, the expectation that the Company will receive 100% of future contractual cash flows, as well as the evaluation of the fundamentals of the issuer's financial condition and other objective evidence. The following table summarizes temporarily impaired securities and their approximate fair values at September 30, 2020:

| Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
Dollars in thousands | Fair Value (Estimated) |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value (Estimated |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value (Estimated |  | Unrealized Losses
U.S. Government-sponsored agencies | $ | 16,817 |  |  | $ | (228) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16,817 |  |  | $ | (228) |
Mortgage-backed securities | 79,816 |  |  | (654) |  |  | 4,216 |  |  | (114) |  |  | 84,032 |  |  | (768) |
State and political subdivisions | 19,201 |  |  | (361) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,201 |  |  | (361) |
| $ | 115,834 |  |  | $ | (1,243) |  |  | $ | 4,216 |  |  | $ | (114) |  |  | $ | 120,050 |  |  | $ | (1,357) |

For securities with unrealized losses, the following information was considered in determining that the securities were not other-than-temporarily impaired:
Securities issued by U.S. Government-sponsored agencies and enterprises. As of September 30, 2020, there were $228,000 unrealized losses on these securities compared to $128,000 unrealized losses as of December 31, 2019. All of these securities were credit rated "AAA" or "AA+" by the major credit rating agencies. Management believes that securities issued by U.S. Government-sponsored agencies and enterprises have minimal credit risk, as these agencies and enterprises play a vital role in the nation's financial markets and does not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2020.
Mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. Government agencies and U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises. As of September 30, 2020, there were $768,000 of unrealized losses on these securities compared with $849,000 at December 31, 2019. All of these securities were credit rated "AAA" or "AA+" by the major credit rating agencies. Management believes that securities issued by U.S. Government agencies bear no credit risk because they are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States and that securities issued by U.S. Government-sponsored enterprises have minimal credit risk, as these agencies and enterprises play a vital role in the nation's financial markets. Management believes that the unrealized losses at September 30, 2020 were attributable to changes in current market yields and spreads since the date the underlying securities were purchased, and does not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2020. The Company also has the ability and intent to hold these securities until a recovery of their amortized cost, which may be at maturity.
Obligations of state and political subdivisions. As of September 30, 2020, there were $361,000 of unrealized losses on these securities compared to $109,000 at December 31, 2019. Municipal securities are supported by the general taxing authority of the municipality and, in the cases of school districts, are generally supported by state aid. At September 30, 2020, all municipal bond issuers were current on contractually obligated interest and principal payments. The Company attributes the unrealized
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losses at September 30, 2020 to changes in prevailing market yields and pricing spreads since the date the underlying securities were purchased, combined with current market liquidity conditions and the disruption in the financial markets in general. Accordingly, the Company does not consider these municipal securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2020.
Corporate securities. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no unrealized losses on these securities. Corporate securities are dependent on the operating performance of the issuers. At September 30, 2020, all corporate bond issuers were current on contractually obligated interest and principal payments.
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock
The Bank is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") of Boston, a cooperatively owned wholesale bank for housing and finance in the six New England States. As a requirement of membership in the FHLB, the Bank must own a minimum required amount of FHLB stock, calculated periodically based primarily on its level of borrowings from the FHLB. The Bank uses the FHLB for much of its wholesale funding needs. As of September 30, 2020, the Bank's investment in FHLB stock totaled $9.5 million. This compares to $7.9 million as of December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019. FHLB stock is a non-marketable equity security and therefore is reported at cost, subject to adjustments for any observable market transactions on the same or similar instruments of the investee. No impairment losses have been recorded through September 30, 2020. The Company will continue to monitor its investment in FHLB stock.
Loans Held for Sale
Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or market value. As of September 30, 2020, the Bank had $6.4 million in loans held for sale. This compares to $154,000 loans held for sale at December 31, 2019 and $852,000 loans held for sale at September 30, 2019. The Bank participates in FHLB's Mortgage Partnership Finance Program ("MPF"), selling loans with recourse. The volume of loans sold to date through the MPF program is de minimis; therefore, there was minimum impact on the reserve.
Loans
The loan portfolio increased during the first nine months of 2020, with total loans at $1.44 billion at September 30, 2020, up $139.6 million or 10.8% from total loans of $1.30 billion at December 31, 2019. Commercial loans increased $138.8 million or 22.0% between December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2020, municipal loans increased $2.8 million or 6.8%, residential term loans increased $5.2 million and home equity lines of credit decreased $9.4 million. Loans made under the U.S. Small Business Administration's Payroll Protection Program (PPP) added $96.0 million to commercial loans in the second quarter of 2020, and $1.3 million in the third quarter.
Commercial loans are comprised of three major classes: commercial real estate loans, commercial construction loans and other commercial loans.
Commercial real estate loans consist of mortgage loans to finance investments in real property such as multi-family residential, commercial/retail, office, industrial, hotels, educational and other specific or mixed use properties. Commercial real estate loans are typically written with amortizing payment structures. Collateral values are determined based on appraisals and evaluations in accordance with established policy and regulatory guidelines. Commercial real estate loans typically have a loan-to-value ratio of up to 80% based upon current valuation information at the time the loan is made. Commercial real estate loans are primarily paid by the cash flow generated from the real property, such as operating leases, rents, or other operating cash flows from the borrower.
Commercial construction loans consist of loans to finance construction in a mix of owner- and non-owner occupied commercial real estate properties. Commercial construction loans typically have a construction phase of less than two years, followed by a repayment phase. Payment structures during the construction period are typically on an interest only basis, although principal payments may be established depending on the type of construction project being financed. During the construction phase, commercial construction loans are primarily paid by cash flow generated from the construction project or other operating cash flows from the borrower or guarantors, if applicable. At the end of the construction period, loan repayment typically comes from a third party source in the event that the Company will not be providing permanent term financing. Collateral valuation and loan-to-value guidelines follow those for commercial real estate loans.
Other commercial loans consist of revolving and term loan obligations extended to business and corporate enterprises for the purpose of financing working capital and or capital investment. Collateral generally consists of pledges of business assets including, but not limited to, accounts receivable, inventory, plant and equipment, and/or real estate, if applicable. Commercial loans are primarily paid by the operating cash flow of the borrower. Commercial loans may be secured or unsecured.
Municipal loans are comprised of loans to municipalities in Maine for capitalized expenditures, construction projects or tax-anticipation notes. All municipal loans are considered general obligations of the municipality and are collateralized by the taxing ability of the municipality for repayment of debt.
Residential loans are comprised of two classes: term loans and construction loans.
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Residential term loans consist of residential real estate loans held in the Company's loan portfolio made to borrowers who demonstrate the ability to make scheduled payments with full consideration to underwriting factors. Borrower qualifications include favorable credit history combined with supportive income requirements and loan-to-value ratios within established policy and regulatory guidelines. Collateral values are determined based on appraisals and evaluations in accordance with established policy and regulatory guidelines. Residential loans typically have a loan-to-value ratio of up to 80% based on appraisal information at the time the loan is made. Collateral consists of mortgage liens on one- to four-family residential properties. Loans are offered with fixed or adjustable rates with amortization terms of up to thirty years.
Residential construction loans typically consist of loans for the purpose of constructing single family residences to be owned and occupied by the borrower. Borrower qualifications include favorable credit history combined with supportive income requirements and loan-to-value ratios within established policy and regulatory guidelines. Residential construction loans normally have construction terms of one year or less and payment during the construction term is typically on an interest only basis from sources including interest reserves, borrower liquidity and/or income. Residential construction loans will typically convert to permanent financing from the Company or have another financing commitment in place from an acceptable mortgage lender. Collateral valuation and loan-to-value guidelines are consistent with those for residential term loans.
Home equity lines of credit are made to qualified individuals and are secured by senior or junior mortgage liens on owner-occupied one- to four-family homes, condominiums, or vacation homes. The home equity line of credit typically has a variable interest rate and is billed as interest-only payments during the draw period. At the end of the draw period, the home equity line of credit is billed as a percentage of the principal balance plus all accrued interest. Loan maturities are normally 300 months. Borrower qualifications include favorable credit history combined with supportive income requirements and combined loan-to-value ratios usually not exceeding 80% inclusive of priority liens. Collateral valuation guidelines follow those for residential real estate loans.
Consumer loan products including personal lines of credit and amortizing loans made to qualified individuals for various purposes such as auto, recreational vehicles, debt consolidation, personal expenses or overdraft protection. Borrower qualifications include favorable credit history combined with supportive income and collateral requirements within established policy guidelines. Consumer loans may be secured or unsecured.
Construction loans, both commercial and residential, at 33.4% of capital are well under the regulatory guidance of 100.0% of capital at September 30, 2020. Construction loans and non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loans are at 129.4% of total capital, well under the regulatory guidance of 300.0% of capital at September 30, 2020.
The following table summarizes the loan portfolio, by class, at September 30, 2020 and 2019 and December 31, 2019.

Dollars in thousands | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | September 30, 2019 |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 407,128 |  |  | 28.3 |  | % | $ | 372,810 |  |  | 28.7 |  | % | $ | 368,165 |  |  | 29.1 |  | %
Construction | 52,038 |  |  | 3.6 |  | % | 38,084 |  |  | 3.0 |  | % | 37,242 |  |  | 2.9 |  | %
Other | 309,297 |  |  | 21.5 |  | % | 218,773 |  |  | 16.9 |  | % | 201,859 |  |  | 16.0 |  | %
Municipal | 44,110 |  |  | 3.1 |  | % | 41,288 |  |  | 3.2 |  | % | 36,522 |  |  | 2.9 |  | %
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 497,667 |  |  | 34.6 |  | % | 492,455 |  |  | 37.9 |  | % | 485,490 |  |  | 38.4 |  | %
Construction | 16,101 |  |  | 1.2 |  | % | 14,813 |  |  | 1.2 |  | % | 14,118 |  |  | 1.1 |  | %
Home equity line of credit | 82,982 |  |  | 5.8 |  | % | 92,349 |  |  | 7.1 |  | % | 94,144 |  |  | 7.5 |  | %
Consumer | 27,323 |  |  | 1.9 |  | % | 26,503 |  |  | 2.0 |  | % | 25,919 |  |  | 2.1 |  | %
Total loans | $ | 1,436,646 |  |  | 100.0 |  | % | $ | 1,297,075 |  |  | 100.0 |  | % | $ | 1,263,459 |  |  | 100.0 |  | %

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The following table sets forth certain information regarding the contractual maturities of the Bank's loan portfolio as of September 30, 2020.

Dollars in thousands | < 1 Year |  | 1 - 5 Years |  | 5 - 10 Years |  | > 10 Years |  | Total
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 909 |  |  | $ | 22,798 |  |  | $ | 41,625 |  |  | $ | 341,796 |  |  | $ | 407,128 |
Construction | 423 |  |  | 7,396 |  |  | 2,632 |  |  | 41,587 |  |  | 52,038 |
Other | 1,095 |  |  | 169,112 |  |  | 74,046 |  |  | 65,044 |  |  | 309,297 |
Municipal | — |  |  | 22,922 |  |  | 11,158 |  |  | 10,030 |  |  | 44,110 |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 100 |  |  | 9,380 |  |  | 45,879 |  |  | 442,308 |  |  | 497,667 |
Construction | — |  |  | 319 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,782 |  |  | 16,101 |
Home equity line of credit | — |  |  | 631 |  |  | 506 |  |  | 81,845 |  |  | 82,982 |
Consumer | 7,443 |  |  | 6,655 |  |  | 7,227 |  |  | 5,998 |  |  | 27,323 |
Total loans | $ | 9,970 |  |  | $ | 239,213 |  |  | $ | 183,073 |  |  | $ | 1,004,390 |  |  | $ | 1,436,646 |

The following table provides a listing of loans by class, between variable and fixed rates as of September 30, 2020.

| Fixed-Rate |  | Adjustable-Rate |  | Total |
Dollars in thousands | Amount |  | % of total |  | Amount |  | % of total |  | Amount |  | % of total |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 284,566 |  |  | 19.8 |  | % | $ | 122,562 |  |  | 8.5 |  | % | $ | 407,128 |  |  | 28.3 |  | %
Construction | 48,235 |  |  | 3.3 |  | % | 3,803 |  |  | 0.3 |  | % | 52,038 |  |  | 3.6 |  | %
Other | 260,539 |  |  | 18.1 |  | % | 48,758 |  |  | 3.4 |  | % | 309,297 |  |  | 21.5 |  | %
Municipal | 43,224 |  |  | 3.0 |  | % | 886 |  |  | 0.1 |  | % | 44,110 |  |  | 3.1 |  | %
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 421,326 |  |  | 29.3 |  | % | 76,341 |  |  | 5.3 |  | % | 497,667 |  |  | 34.6 |  | %
Construction | 16,101 |  |  | 1.1 |  | % | — |  |  | 0.1 |  | % | 16,101 |  |  | 1.2 |  | %
Home equity line of credit | 1,904 |  |  | 0.1 |  | % | 81,078 |  |  | 5.7 |  | % | 82,982 |  |  | 5.8 |  | %
Consumer | 20,375 |  |  | 1.4 |  | % | 6,948 |  |  | 0.5 |  | % | 27,323 |  |  | 1.9 |  | %
Total loans | $ | 1,096,270 |  |  | 76.1 |  | % | $ | 340,376 |  |  | 23.9 |  | % | $ | 1,436,646 |  |  | 100.0 |  | %

Loan Concentrations
As of September 30, 2020, the Bank did not have any concentration of loans in one particular industry that exceeded 10% of its total loan portfolio.
Credit Risk Management and Allowance for Loan Losses
Credit risk is the risk of loss arising from the inability of a borrower to meet its obligations. We manage credit risk by evaluating the risk profile of the borrower, repayment sources, the nature of the underlying collateral, and other support given current events, conditions, and expectations. We attempt to manage the risk characteristics of our loan portfolio through various control processes, such as credit evaluation of borrowers, establishment of lending limits, and application of lending procedures, including the holding of adequate collateral and the maintenance of compensating balances. However, we seek to rely primarily on the cash flow of our borrowers as the principal source of repayment. Although credit policies and evaluation processes are designed to minimize our risk, Management recognizes that loan losses will occur and the amount of these losses will fluctuate depending on the risk characteristics of our loan portfolio, as well as general and regional economic conditions.
We provide for loan losses through the establishment of an allowance for loan losses which represents an estimated reserve for existing losses in the loan portfolio. We deploy a systematic methodology for determining our allowance that includes a quarterly review process, risk rating, and adjustment to our allowance. We classify our portfolios as either commercial or residential and consumer and monitor credit risk separately as discussed below. We evaluate the appropriateness of our allowance continually based on a review of all significant loans, with a particular emphasis on nonaccruing, past due, and other loans that we believe require special attention.
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The allowance consists of four elements: (1) specific reserves for loans evaluated individually for impairment; (2) general reserves for types or portfolios of loans based on historical loan loss experience; (3) qualitative reserves judgmentally adjusted for local and national economic conditions, concentrations, portfolio composition, volume and severity of delinquencies and nonaccrual loans, trends of criticized and classified loans, changes in credit policies, and underwriting standards, credit administration practices, and other factors as applicable; and (4) unallocated reserves. All outstanding loans are considered in evaluating the appropriateness of the allowance.
Appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses is determined using a consistent, systematic methodology, which analyzes the risk inherent in the loan portfolio. In addition to evaluating the collectibility of specific loans when determining the appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses, Management also takes into consideration other factors such as changes in the mix and size of the loan portfolio, historic loss experience, the amount of delinquencies and loans adversely classified, economic trends, changes in credit policies, and experience, ability and depth of lending management. The appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses is assessed by an allocation process whereby specific reserve allocations are made against certain adversely classified loans, and general reserve allocations are made against segments of the loan portfolio which have similar attributes. The Company's historical loss experience, industry trends, and the impact of the local and regional economy on the Company's borrowers, are considered by Management in determining the appropriateness of the allowance for loan losses.
The allowance for loan losses is increased by provisions charged against current earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when Management believes that the collectibility of the loan principal is unlikely. Recoveries on loans previously charged off are credited to the allowance. While Management uses available information to assess possible losses on loans, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on increases in non-performing loans, changes in economic conditions, growth in loan portfolios, or for other reasons. Any future additions to the allowance would be recognized in the period in which they were determined to be necessary. In addition, various regulatory agencies periodically review the Company's allowance for loan losses as an integral part of their examination process. Such agencies may require the Company to record additions to the allowance based on judgments different from those of Management.
Commercial
Our commercial portfolio includes all secured and unsecured loans to borrowers for commercial purposes, including commercial lines of credit and commercial real estate. Our process for evaluating commercial loans includes performing updates on loans that we have rated for credit risk. Our non-performing commercial loans are generally reviewed individually to determine impairment, accrual status, and the need for specific reserves. Our methodology incorporates a variety of risk considerations, both qualitative and quantitative. Quantitative factors include our historical loss experience by loan type, collateral values, financial condition of borrowers, and other factors. Qualitative factors applied to the portfolio or segments of the portfolio may include judgments concerning general economic conditions that may affect credit quality, credit concentrations, the pace of portfolio growth, the direction of risk rating movements, policy exception levels, and delinquency levels; these qualitative factors are also considered in connection with the unallocated portion of our allowance for loan losses.
The process of establishing the allowance with respect to the commercial loan portfolio begins when a Loan Officer or Senior Officer (or designate) initially assigns each loan a risk rating, using established credit criteria. Approximately 60% of a trailing four quarter average gross commercial portfolio is subject to review and validation annually by an independent consulting firm. Additionally, commercial loan relationships with exposure greater than or equal to $500,000 are subject to review annually by the Company's internal credit review function. Our methodology employs Management's judgment as to the level of losses on existing loans based on our internal review of the loan portfolio, including an analysis of the borrowers' current financial position, and the consideration of current and anticipated economic conditions and their potential effects on specific borrowers and or lines of business. In determining our ability to collect certain loans, we also consider the fair value of any underlying collateral. We also evaluate credit risk concentrations, including trends in large dollar exposures to related borrowers, industry and geographic concentrations, and economic and environmental factors.
Residential, Home Equity and Consumer
Consumer, home equity and residential mortgage loans are generally segregated into homogeneous pools with similar risk characteristics. Trends and current conditions in these pools are analyzed and historical loss experience is adjusted accordingly. Quantitative and qualitative adjustment factors for the consumer, home equity and residential mortgage portfolios are consistent with those for the commercial portfolios. Certain loans in the consumer and residential portfolios identified as having the potential for further deterioration are analyzed individually to confirm the appropriate risk status and accrual status, and to determine the need for a specific reserve. Consumer loans that are greater than 120 days past due are generally charged off. Residential loans and home equity lines of credit that are greater than 90 days past due are evaluated for collateral adequacy and if deficient are placed on non-accrual status.
Unallocated
The unallocated portion of the allowance is intended to provide for losses that are not identified when establishing the specific and general portions of the allowance and is based upon Management's evaluation of various conditions that are not directly
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measured in the determination of the portfolio and loan specific allowances. Such conditions may include general economic and business conditions affecting our lending area, credit quality trends (including trends in delinquencies and nonperforming loans expected to result from existing conditions), loan volumes and concentrations, duration of the current business cycle, bank regulatory examination results, findings of external loan review examiners, and Management's judgment with respect to various other conditions including loan administration and management and the quality of risk identification systems. Management reviews these conditions quarterly. We have risk management practices designed to ensure timely identification of changes in loan risk profiles; however, undetected losses may exist inherently within the loan portfolio. In response to the consequences of COVID-19, we have increased the rigor and frequency of our loan portfolio monitoring and borrower contact, particularly within those industry groups thought to be most vulnerable, including the lodging, restaurant and hospitality sectors; as additional information becomes available, an increase to our Allowance for Loan Losses is likely. The judgmental aspects involved in applying the risk grading criteria, analyzing the quality of individual loans, and assessing collateral values can also contribute to undetected, but probable, losses. Consequently, there maybe underlying credit risks that have not yet surfaced in the loan- specific or qualitative metrics the Company uses to estimate its allowance for loan losses.
The allowance for loan losses includes reserve amounts assigned to individual loans on the basis of loan impairment. Certain loans are evaluated individually and are judged to be impaired when Management believes it is probable that the Company will not collect all of the contractual interest and principal payments as scheduled in the loan agreement. Under this method, loans are selected for evaluation based on non-accrual and/or troubled debt restructure status. A specific reserve is allocated to an individual loan when that loan has been deemed impaired and when the amount of a probable loss is estimable on the basis of its collateral value, the present value of anticipated future cash flows, or its net realizable value. At September 30, 2020, impaired loans with specific reserves totaled $5.2 million and the amount of such reserves was $890,000. This compares to impaired loans with specific reserves of $11.1 million at December 31, 2019 and the amount of such reserves was $2.2 million. Several impaired loans at December 31, 2019 were paid off or otherwise resolved in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, accounting for the $5.9 million decrease in impaired loans and the $1.3 million reduction in specific reserves.
All of these analyses are reviewed and discussed by the Directors' Loan Committee, and recommendations from these processes provide Management and the Board of Directors with independent information on loan portfolio condition. Our total allowance at September 30, 2020 is considered by Management to be appropriate to address the credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio at that date. However, our determination of the appropriate allowance level is based upon a number of assumptions we make about future events, which we believe are reasonable, but which may or may not prove valid. Thus, there can be no assurance that our charge-offs in future periods will not exceed our allowance for loan losses or that we will not need to make additional increases in our allowance for loan losses.
The following table summarizes our allocation of allowance by loan class as of September 30, 2020 and 2019 and December 31, 2019. The percentages are the portion of each loan class to total loans.

Dollars in thousands | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | September 30, 2019 |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 4,761 |  |  | 28.3 |  | % | $ | 3,742 |  |  | 28.7 |  | % | $ | 3,795 |  |  | 29.1 |  | %
Construction | 607 |  |  | 3.6 |  | % | 365 |  |  | 3.0 |  | % | 353 |  |  | 2.9 |  | %
Other | 3,642 |  |  | 21.5 |  | % | 3,329 |  |  | 16.9 |  | % | 3,220 |  |  | 16.0 |  | %
Municipal | 139 |  |  | 3.1 |  | % | 27 |  |  | 3.2 |  | % | 26 |  |  | 2.9 |  | %
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 2,516 |  |  | 34.6 |  | % | 1,024 |  |  | 37.9 |  | % | 1,137 |  |  | 38.4 |  | %
Construction | 81 |  |  | 1.2 |  | % | 25 |  |  | 1.2 |  | % | 23 |  |  | 1.1 |  | %
Home equity line of credit | 1,457 |  |  | 5.8 |  | % | 1,078 |  |  | 7.1 |  | % | 824 |  |  | 7.5 |  | %
Consumer | 592 |  |  | 1.9 |  | % | 867 |  |  | 2.0 |  | % | 680 |  |  | 2.1 |  | %
Unallocated | 1,576 |  |  | — |  | % | 1,182 |  |  | — |  | % | 1,707 |  |  | — |  | %
Total | $ | 15,371 |  |  | 100.0 |  | % | $ | 11,639 |  |  | 100.0 |  | % | $ | 11,765 |  |  | 100.0 |  | %

The allowance for loan losses totaled $15.4 million at September 30, 2020, compared to $11.6 million as of December 31, 2019 and $11.8 million as of September 30, 2019. Management's ongoing application of methodologies to establish the allowance include an evaluation of impaired loans for specific reserves. These specific reserves decreased $1.3 million in the first nine months of 2020 from $2.2 million at December 31, 2019 to $890,000 at September 30, 2020. The specific loans that make up those categories change from period to period. Impairment on those loans, which would be reflected in the allowance for loan losses, might or might not exist, depending on the specific circumstances of each loan. The portion of the reserve based
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upon homogeneous pools of loans decreased by $157,000 in the first nine months of 2020. The portion of the reserve based on qualitative factors increased $4.8 million in the first nine months of 2020 due to a mix of factors. These included initial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on various macroeconomic measures used in the qualitative model, as well as top down and unit level analysis of the loan portfolio for factors such as COVID-19 related modifications and industry segments particularly vulnerable to social distancing. Unallocated reserves of $1.2 million, or 10.2% of the total reserve at December 31, 2019, increased to $1.6 million, or 10.3% as of September 30, 2020. After consideration of the shifts in specific, pooled and qualitative reserves, Management determined that the unallocated portion of the reserve at September 30, 2020 adequately addresses general imprecision related to loan portfolio growth, along with other underlying credit risks not yet captured in loan specific or qualitative metrics the Company uses to estimate its allowance.
A breakdown of the allowance for loan losses as of September 30, 2020, by loan class and allowance element, is presented in the following table:

Dollars in thousands | Specific Reserves on Loans Evaluated Individually for Impairment |  | General Reserves on Loans Based on Historical Loss Experience |  | Reserves for Qualitative Factors |  | Unallocated Reserves |  | Total Reserves
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 135 |  |  | $ | 686 |  |  | $ | 3,940 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,761 |
Construction | 19 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 501 |  |  | — |  |  | 607 |
Other | 128 |  |  | 521 |  |  | 2,993 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,642 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | 139 |  |  | — |  |  | 139 |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 204 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 2,037 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,516 |
Construction | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | 71 |  |  | — |  |  | 81 |
Home equity line of credit | 403 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 975 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,457 |
Consumer | 1 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 423 |  |  | — |  |  | 592 |
Unallocated | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,576 |  |  | 1,576 |
| $ | 890 |  |  | $ | 1,826 |  |  | $ | 11,079 |  |  | $ | 1,576 |  |  | $ | 15,371 |

Based upon Management's evaluation, provisions are made to maintain the allowance as a best estimate of inherent losses within the portfolio. The provision for loan losses to maintain the allowance was $4.6 million for the first nine months of 2020 and $875,000 the first nine months of 2019. Net charge-offs were $818,000 in the first nine months of 2020, up from $342,000 in the first nine months of 2019. Our allowance as a percentage of outstanding loans was 1.07% as of September 30, 2020, up from 0.90% as of December 31, 2019, and 0.93% as of September 30, 2019.
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The following table summarizes the activities in our allowance for loan losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 and for the year ended December 31, 2019:

Dollars in thousands | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | September 30, 2019 |
Balance at the beginning of year | $ | 11,639 |  |  | $ | 11,232 |  |  | $ | 11,232 |  |
Loans charged off: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | 532 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 53 |  |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Other | 24 |  |  | 179 |  |  | 123 |  |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 46 |  |  | 445 |  |  | 93 |  |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Home equity line of credit | 153 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 38 |  |
Consumer | 238 |  |  | 338 |  |  | 235 |  |
Total | 993 |  |  | 1,120 |  |  | 542 |  |
Recoveries on loans previously charged off |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | 15 |  |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Other | 24 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 70 |  |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 31 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 10 |  |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Home equity line of credit | 20 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 3 |  |
Consumer | 100 |  |  | 128 |  |  | 102 |  |
Total | 175 |  |  | 277 |  |  | 200 |  |
Net loans charged off | 818 |  |  | 843 |  |  | 342 |  |
Provision for loan losses | 4,550 |  |  | 1,250 |  |  | 875 |  |
Balance at end of period | $ | 15,371 |  |  | $ | 11,639 |  |  | $ | 11,765 |  |
Ratio of net loans charged off to average loans outstanding 1 | 0.08 |  | % | 0.07 |  | % | 0.04 |  | %
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to total loans outstanding | 1.07 |  | % | 0.90 |  | % | 0.93 |  | %

1 Annualized using a 366-day basis for 2020 and a 365-day basis for 2019.
In Management's opinion, the level of the provision for loan losses is directionally consistent with the overall credit quality of our loan portfolio and corresponding levels of nonperforming loans, as well as with the performance of the national and local economies, including effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
COVID-19 Impact on Loan Portfolio
The Company is actively working with borrowers impacted by the COVID-19 outbreak. As of September 30, 2020, a total of 966 loan modification requests for interest-only payments or deferred payments have been completed in conformance with the Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting issued March 23, 2020 and/or Section 4013 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, representing $279.7 million in loan balances, or approximately 20.8% of the overall loan portfolio. One of these modifications of a de minimis amount has been classified as a Troubled Debt
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Restructure since being modified. So long as modified terms are met, loans in an active modification are not included in past due loan totals and continue to accrue interest.
As of September 30, 2020, loans totaling $81.0 remained in their original modification or had had a subsequent modification, representing 6.0% of the overall portfolio. Refer to Note 4 of the financial statements for further detail.
First National Bank is a designated SBA preferred lender and had processed 1,710 Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loan requests totaling $97.3 million in funds disbursed to qualified small businesses as of September 30, 2020. The Bank is now actively working with these PPP borrowers to process applications for forgiveness per PPP guidelines.
The impact of the consequences of COVID-19 upon borrowers and ultimately the Company's loan portfolio metrics remains difficult to estimate or ascertain. The State of Maine, where most of the Bank's customers reside and/or operate businesses has gradually re-opened its economy. Impacts upon economic activity has been mixed with some sectors, such as residential real estate and outdoor recreation, performing strongly while others such as hospitality and indoor dining have been negatively impacted. Quarantines for visitors from many states and limits on the size of public gatherings remain in place. As of September 30, 2020, approximately 9% of the Company’s loan portfolio consisted of hospitality or restaurant industry borrowers, considered amongst the most impacted by COVID-19.
The Company regularly monitors activity on open credit lines and has not observed increased utilization related to COVID-19. Commercial credit line balances decreased $19.4 million in the third quarter of 2020 following the payoff of a large participation credit. The average utilization rate in the third quarter was 42.3%, down from an average utilization rate of 51.0% in the second quarter of 2020 and down from an average of 54.2% in the third quarter of 2019. Home equity line of credit balances decreased $4.5 million in the third quarter of 2020 resulting in an average utilization rate for the quarter of 49.4%, down slightly from 51.1% in the second quarter of 2020 and down from 51.9% in the third quarter of 2020.
Nonperforming Loans
Nonperforming loans are comprised of loans, for which based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement or when principal and interest is 90 days or more past due unless the loan is both well secured and in the process of collection (in which case the loan may continue to accrue interest in spite of its past due status). A loan is "well secured" if it is secured (1) by collateral in the form of liens on or pledges of real or personal property, including securities, that have a realizable value sufficient to discharge the debt including accrued interest) in full, or (2) by the guarantee of a financially responsible party. A loan is "in the process of collection" if collection of the loan is proceeding in due course either (1) through legal action, including judgment enforcement procedures, or, (2) in appropriate circumstances, through collection efforts not involving legal action which are reasonably expected to result in repayment of the debt or in its restoration to a current status in the near future.
Generally, when a loan becomes 90 days past due it is evaluated for collateral dependency based upon the most recent appraisal or other evaluation method. If the collateral value is lower than the outstanding loan balance plus accrued interest and estimated selling costs, the loan is placed on non-accrual status, all accrued interest is reversed from interest income, and a specific reserve is established for the difference between the loan balance and the collateral value less selling costs, or, in certain situations, the difference between the loan balance and the collateral value less selling costs is written off. Concurrently, a new appraisal or valuation may be ordered, depending on collateral type, currency of the most recent valuation, the size of the loan, and other factors appropriate to the loan. Upon receipt and acceptance of the new valuation, the loan may have an additional specific reserve or write down based on the updated collateral value. On an ongoing basis, appraisals or valuations may be done periodically on collateral dependent nonperforming loans and an additional specific reserve or write down will be made, if appropriate, based on the new collateral value.
Once a loan is placed on nonaccrual, it remains in nonaccrual status until the loan is current as to payment of both principal and interest and the borrower demonstrates the ability to pay and remain current. All payments made on nonaccrual loans are applied to the principal balance of the loan.
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Nonperforming loans, expressed as a percentage of total loans, totaled 0.63% at September 30, 2020 compared to 1.28% at December 31, 2019 and 1.33% at September 30, 2019. The following table shows the distribution of nonperforming loans by class as of September 30, 2020 and 2019 and December 31, 2019:

Dollars in thousands | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | September 30, 2019
Commercial |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 1,771 |  |  | $ | 1,784 |  |  | $ | 1,807 |
Construction | 307 |  |  | 256 |  |  | 256 |
Other | 503 |  |  | 6,534 |  |  | 6,871 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |
Term | 4,467 |  |  | 5,899 |  |  | 6,840 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 2,063 |  |  | 2,171 |  |  | 1,078 |
Consumer | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 6 |
Total nonperforming loans | $ | 9,111 |  |  | $ | 16,649 |  |  | $ | 16,858 |

The amounts shown for total nonperforming loans do not include loans 90 or more days past due and still accruing interest. These are loans for which we expect to collect all amounts due, including past-due interest. As of September 30, 2020, loans 90 or more days past due and still accruing interest totaled $1.5 million, compared to $1.6 million at December 31, 2019 and $18,000 at September 30, 2019.
Troubled Debt Restructured
A troubled debt restructured ("TDR") constitutes a restructuring of debt if the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower's financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. To determine whether or not a loan should be classified as a TDR, Management evaluates a loan based upon the following criteria:
•The borrower demonstrates financial difficulty; common indicators include past due status with bank obligations, substandard credit bureau reports, or an inability to refinance with another lender, and
•The Company has granted a concession; common concession types include maturity date extension, interest rate adjustments to below market pricing, and deferment of payments.
As of September 30, 2020, we had 78 loans with a balance of $13.4 million that have been restructured. This compares to 81 loans with a balance of $21.4 million and 82 loans with a balance of $24.3 million classified as TDRs as of December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019, respectively.
The following table shows the activity in loans classified as TDRs between December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2020:

Balance in Thousands of Dollars | Number of Loans | Aggregate Balance
Total at December 31, 2019 | 81 |  | $ | 21,424 |
Added in 2020 | 3 |  | 197 |
Loans paid off in 2020 | (6) |  | (7,000) |
Repayments in 2020 | — |  | (1,231) |
Total at September 30, 2020 | 78 |  | $ | 13,390 |

As of September 30, 2020, 51 loans with an aggregate balance of $9.5 million were performing under the modified terms, five loans with an aggregate balance of $703,000 were more than 30 days past due and accruing and 22 loans with an aggregate balance of $3.2 million were on nonaccrual. As a percentage of aggregate outstanding balance, 71.2% were performing under the modified terms, 5.3% were more than 30 days past due and accruing and 23.6% were on nonaccrual. The performance status of all TDRs as of September 30, 2020, as well as the associated specific reserve in the allowance for loan losses, is summarized by type of loan in the following table.
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In thousands of dollars | Performing As Modified | 30+ Days Past Due and Accruing | On Nonaccrual | All TDRs
Commercial |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 2,505 |  | $ | 477 |  | $ | 1,072 |  | $ | 4,054 |
Construction | 701 |  | — |  | — |  | 701 |
Other | 305 |  | 216 |  | 208 |  | 729 |
Municipal | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |
Term | 5,716 |  | — |  | 1,714 |  | 7,430 |
Construction | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 301 |  | — |  | 165 |  | 466 |
Consumer | — |  | 10 |  | — |  | 10 |
| $ | 9,528 |  | $ | 703 |  | $ | 3,159 |  | $ | 13,390 |
Percent of balance | 71.2 | % | 5.3 | % | 23.6 | % | 100.0 | %
Number of loans | 51 |  | 5 |  | 22 |  | 78 |
Associated specific reserve | $ | 285 |  | $ | 2 |  | $ | 108 |  | $ | 395 |

Residential TDRs (including home equity lines of credit) as of September 30, 2020 included 54 loans with an aggregate balance of $7.9 million, and the modifications granted fell into five major categories. Loans totaling $5.3 million had an extension of term, allowing the borrower to repay over an extended number of years and lowering the monthly payment to a level the borrower can afford. Loans totaling $2.9 million had interest capitalized, allowing the borrower to become current after unpaid interest was added to the balance of the loan and re-amortized over the remaining life of the loan. Loans with an aggregate balance of $483,000 were converted from interest-only to regular principal-and-interest payments based on the borrowers' ability to service the higher payment amount. Rate concessions were granted on loans totaling $1.6 million. Loans with an aggregate balance of $854,000 were involved in bankruptcy. Certain residential TDRs had more than one modification.
Consumer TDR's as of September 30, 2020 included one loan with a balance of $10,000 due to an extension of term, allowing the borrower to repay over an extended number of years and lowering the monthly payment to a level the borrower can afford.
Commercial TDRs as of September 30, 2020 were comprised of 23 loans with a balance of $5.5 million. Of this total, six loans with an aggregate balance of $1.3 million had an extended period of interest-only payments, deferring the start of principal repayment. Five loans with an aggregate balance of $1.2 million had an extension of term, allowing the borrower to repay over an extended number of years and lowering the monthly payment to a level the borrower can afford. Six loans with an aggregate balance of $937,000 had a deferral of payment. The remaining six loans with an aggregate balance of $2.0 million had several different modifications.
In each case when a loan was modified, Management determined it was in the Bank's best interest to work with the borrower with modified terms rather than to proceed to foreclosure. Once a loan is classified as a TDR it remains classified as such until the balance is fully repaid, despite whether the loan is performing under the modified terms. As of September 30, 2020, Management is aware of eight loans classified as TDRs that are involved in bankruptcy with an outstanding balance of $911,000. There were also 22 loans with an outstanding balance of $3.2 million that were classified as TDRs and on non-accrual status, of which two loans with an outstanding balance of $430,000 were in the process of foreclosure.
Impaired Loans
Impaired loans include restructured loans and loans placed on non-accrual status. These loans are measured at the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate or at the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs if the loan is collateral dependent. If the measure of an impaired loan is lower than the recorded investment in the loan, a specific reserve is established for the difference. Impaired loans totaled $19.3 million at September 30, 2020, and have decreased $9.9 million from December 31, 2019. There were 145 impaired loans at September 30, 2020 down from 150 loans at December 31, 2019. Impaired commercial loans decreased $7.6 million between December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2020. The specific allowance for impaired commercial loans decreased from $1.5 million at December 31, 2019 to $282,000 as of September 30, 2020, which represented the fair value deficiencies for loans where the fair value of the collateral or net present value of expected cash flows was estimated at less than our carrying amount of the loan. From December 31, 2019 to September 30, 2020, impaired residential loans decreased $2.3 million and impaired home equity lines of credit decreased $124,000.
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The following table sets forth impaired loans as of September 30, 2020 and 2019 and December 31, 2019:

Dollars in thousands | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | September 30, 2019
Commercial |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 4,753 |  |  | $ | 6,309 |  |  | $ | 9,049 |
Construction | 1,009 |  |  | 958 |  |  | 978 |
Other | 1,023 |  |  | 7,075 |  |  | 7,332 |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |
Term | 10,182 |  |  | 12,439 |  |  | 13,446 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | 2,364 |  |  | 2,488 |  |  | 1,398 |
Consumer | 10 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 6 |
Total | $ | 19,341 |  |  | $ | 29,274 |  |  | $ | 32,209 |

Past Due Loans
The Bank's overall loan delinquency ratio was 0.89% at September 30, 2020 compared to 1.16% at December 31, 2019 and 0.78% at September 30, 2019. Loans 90 days delinquent and accruing decreased from $1.6 million at December 31, 2019 to $1.5 million as of September 30, 2020. The following table sets forth loan delinquencies as of September 30, 2020 and 2019 and December 31, 2019:

Dollars in thousands | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | September 30, 2019 |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 2,909 |  |  | $ | 1,774 |  |  | $ | 1,199 |  |
Construction | 80 |  |  | 271 |  |  | 293 |  |
Other | 2,676 |  |  | 5,028 |  |  | 663 |  |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Residential |  |  |  |  |  |
Term | 4,509 |  |  | 4,640 |  |  | 5,223 |  |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Home equity line of credit | 2,325 |  |  | 2,957 |  |  | 1,867 |  |
Consumer | 277 |  |  | 347 |  |  | 569 |  |
Total | $ | 12,776 |  |  | $ | 15,017 |  |  | $ | 9,814 |  |
Loans 30-89 days past due to total loans | 0.51 |  | % | 0.63 |  | % | 0.33 |  | %
Loans 90+ days past due and accruing to total loans | 0.10 |  | % | 0.12 |  | % | 0.00 |  | %
Loans 90+ days past due on non-accrual to total loans | 0.27 |  | % | 0.40 |  | % | 0.45 |  | %
Total past due loans to total loans | 0.89 |  | % | 1.16 |  | % | 0.78 |  | %

Potential Problem Loans and Loans in Process of Foreclosure
Potential problem loans consist of classified, accruing commercial and commercial real estate loans that were between 30 and 89 days past due. Such loans are characterized by weaknesses in the financial condition of borrowers or collateral deficiencies. Based on historical experience, the credit quality of some of these loans may improve due to improvements in the economy as well as changes in collateral values or the financial condition of the borrowers, while the credit quality of other loans may deteriorate, resulting in some amount of loss. At September 30, 2020, there were nine potential problem loans with a balance of $1.4 million or 0.09% of total loans. This compares to nine loans with a balance of $1.3 million or 0.10% of total loans at December 31, 2019.
As of September 30, 2020, there were 19 loans in the process of foreclosure with a total balance of $2.6 million. The Bank's residential foreclosure process begins when a loan becomes 75 days past due at which time a Demand/Breach Letter is sent to the borrower. If the loan becomes 120 days past due, copies of the promissory note and mortgage deed are forwarded to
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the Bank's attorney for review and a complaint for foreclosure is then prepared. An authorized Bank officer signs the affidavit certifying the validity of the documents and verification of the past due amount which is then forwarded to the court. Once a Motion for Summary Judgment is granted, a Period of Redemption (POR) begins which gives the customer 90 days to cure the default. A foreclosure auction date is then set 30 days from the POR expiration date if the default is not cured.
The Bank's commercial foreclosure process begins when a loan becomes 60 days past due, at which time a default letter is issued. At expiration of the period to cure default, which lasts 12 days after the issuing of the default letter, copies of the promissory note and mortgage deed are forwarded to the Bank's attorney for review. A Notice of Statutory Power of Sale is then prepared. This notice must be published for three consecutive weeks in a newspaper located in the county in which the property is located. A notice also must be issued to the mortgagor and all parties of interest 21 days prior to the sale. The foreclosure auction occurs and the Affidavit of Sale is recorded within the appropriate county within 30 days of the sale.
The Bank’s written policies and procedures for foreclosures, along with implementation of same, are subject to annual review by its internal audit provider. The scope of this review includes loans held in portfolio and loans serviced for others. There were no issues requiring management attention in the most recent review. Servicing for others includes loans sold to Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston through its Mortgage Partnership Finance (MPF) program. The Bank follows the published guidelines of each investor. Loans serviced for Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae have been sold without recourse, and the Bank has no liability for these loans in the event of foreclosure. A de minimis volume of loans has been sold to and serviced for MPF to date. The Bank retains a second loss layer credit enhancement obligation; no losses have been recorded on this credit enhancement obligation since the Bank started selling loans to MPF in 2013.
Other Real Estate Owned
Other real estate owned and repossessed assets ("OREO") are comprised of properties or other assets acquired through a foreclosure proceeding, or acceptance of a deed or title in lieu of foreclosure. Real estate acquired through foreclosure is carried at the lower of fair value less estimated cost to sell or the cost of the asset and is not included as part of the allowance for loan loss totals. At September 30, 2020, there were five properties owned with an OREO balance of $777,000, net of an allowance for losses of $45,000, compared to December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019 when there were two properties owned with an OREO balance of $279,000, with no allowance for loan losses.
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The following table presents the composition of other real estate owned:

Dollars in thousands | September 30, 2020 |  | December 31, 2019 |  | September 30, 2019
Carrying Value |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 222 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |
Term | 600 |  |  | 279 |  |  | 279 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 822 |  |  | $ | 279 |  |  | $ | 279 |
Related Allowance |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |
Term | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Net Value |  |  |  |  |
Commercial |  |  |  |  |
Real estate | $ | 177 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Municipal | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Residential |  |  |  |  |
Term | 600 |  |  | 279 |  |  | 279 |
Construction | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Home equity line of credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 777 |  |  | $ | 279 |  |  | $ | 279 |

Liquidity Management
As of September 30, 2020, the Bank had primary sources of liquidity of $938.7 million. It is Management's opinion this is sufficient to meet liquidity needs under a broad range of scenarios. The Bank has an additional $390.0 million in contingent sources of liquidity, including the Federal Reserve Borrower in Custody program, municipal and corporate securities, and correspondent bank lines of credit. The Asset/Liability Committee ("ALCO") establishes guidelines for liquidity in its Asset/Liability policy and monitors internal liquidity measures to manage liquidity exposure. Based on its assessment of the liquidity considerations described above, Management believes the Company's sources of funding will meet anticipated funding needs.
Liquidity is the ability of a financial institution to meet maturing liability obligations and customer loan demand. The Bank's primary source of liquidity is deposits, which funded 77.3% of total average assets in the first nine months of 2020. While the generally preferred funding strategy is to attract and retain low-cost deposits, the ability to do so is affected by
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competitive interest rates and terms in the marketplace. Other sources of funding include discretionary use of purchased liabilities (e.g., FHLB term advances and other borrowings), cash flows from the securities portfolios and loan repayments. Securities designated as available for sale may also be sold in response to short-term or long-term liquidity needs although Management has no intention to do so at this time.
The Bank has a detailed liquidity funding policy and a contingency funding plan that provide for the prompt and comprehensive response to unexpected demands for liquidity. Management has developed quantitative models to estimate needs for contingent funding that could result from unexpected outflows of funds in excess of "business as usual" cash flows. In Management's estimation, risks are concentrated in two major categories: runoff of in-market deposit balances and the inability to renew wholesale sources of funding. Of the two categories, potential runoff of deposit balances would have the most significant impact on contingent liquidity. Our modeling attempts to quantify deposits at risk over selected time horizons. In addition to these unexpected outflow risks, several other "business as usual" factors enter into the calculation of the adequacy of contingent liquidity including payment proceeds from loans and investment securities, maturing debt obligations and maturing time deposits. The Bank has established collateralized borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and also maintains additional collateralized borrowing capacity with the FHLB in excess of levels used in the ordinary course of business as well as Fed Funds lines with two correspondent banks and availability through the Federal Reserve Bank Borrower in Custody program. In the second quarter of 2020, the Bank enrolled in the Paycheck Protection Program Liquidity Facility (PPPLF) offered by the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. PPPLF offers the ability to obtain advances dollar for dollar against the value of pledged PPP loans. The facility will be available to draw upon until December 31, 2020; no PPPLF advances have been taken to date.
Deposits
During the first nine months of 2020, total deposits increased by $112.6 million or 6.8% from December 31, 2019 levels. Low-cost deposits (demand, NOW, and savings accounts) increased by $216.7 million or 27.1% in the first nine months of 2020, money market deposits decreased $4.1 million or 2.5%, and certificates of deposit decreased $100.0 million or 14.5%. Between September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2020, total deposits increased by $139.8 million or 8.6%. Low-cost deposits increased by $203.4 million or 25.0%, money market accounts increased $8.3 million or 5.6%, and certificates of deposit decreased $71.8 million or 10.9%. The increase in low-cost deposits and further utilization of borrowed funds allowed for a decrease in higher cost Certificates of Deposit.
Borrowed Funds
The Company uses funding from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston (FHLB), the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston (FRB) and repurchase agreements enabling it to grow its balance sheet and its revenues. This funding may also be used to balance seasonal deposit flows or to carry out interest rate risk management strategies, and may be used to replace or supplement other sources of funding, including core deposits and certificates of deposit. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, borrowed funds increased $98.8 million or 53.4% from December 31, 2019. Between September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2020, borrowed funds increased by $102.4 million or 56.4%. Factors in the year-to-date and year-to-year increases include a $50 million short term advance from the FRB Discount Window in the first quarter of 2020, subsequently renewed, and an increase of $28.2 million in repurchase agreement balances over the second and third quarters of 2020.
Shareholders' Equity
Shareholders' equity as of September 30, 2020 was $219.4 million, compared to $212.5 million as of December 31, 2019 and $208.5 million as of September 30, 2019. The Company's earnings in the first nine months of 2020, net of dividends declared, added to shareholders' equity. The net unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, presented in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 320 "Investments – Debt and Equity Securities" now stands at $5.5 million as of September 30, 2020 compared to $3.7 million as of December 31, 2019. The net unrealized loss on cash flow hedging derivative instruments now stands at $5.8 million, compared to the $97,000 gain as of December 31, 2019.
A cash dividend of $0.31 per share was declared in the third quarter of 2020. The dividend payout ratio, which is calculated by dividing dividends declared per share by diluted earnings per share, was 49.46% for the first nine months of 2020 compared to 51.15% for the same period in 2019. In determining future dividend payout levels, the Board of Directors carefully analyzes capital requirements and earnings retention, as set forth in the Company's Dividend Policy. The ability of the Company to pay cash dividends to its shareholders depends on receipt of dividends from its subsidiary, the Bank. The subsidiary may pay dividends to its parent out of so much of its net profits as the Bank's directors deem appropriate, subject to the limitation that the total of all dividends declared by the Bank in any calendar year may not exceed the total of its net profits of that year combined with its retained net profits of the preceding two years. The amount available for dividends in 2020 is this year's net income plus $26.1 million.
Financial institution regulators have established guidelines for minimum capital ratios for banks and bank holding companies. The net unrealized gain or loss on available-for-sale securities is generally not included in computing regulatory capital. During the first quarter of 2015, the Company adopted the new Basel III regulatory capital framework as approved by the federal banking agencies. The adoption of this new framework modified the calculation of the various capital ratios, added a
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new ratio, common equity tier 1, and revised the adequately and well capitalized thresholds. Additionally, under the new rule, in order to avoid limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments, the Company must hold a capital conservation buffer above the adequately capitalized risk-based capital ratios. The capital conservation buffer was phased in from 0.0% for 2015 to 2.50% in 2019. The amounts shown below as the adequately capitalized ratio plus capital conservation buffer include the fully phased-in 2.50% buffer.
The Company met each of the well-capitalized ratio guidelines at September 30, 2020. The following tables indicate the capital ratios for the Bank and the Company at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

As of September 30, 2020 | Leverage |  | Tier 1 |  | Common Equity Tier 1 |  | Total Risk-Based |
Bank | 8.38 |  | % | 14.17 |  | % | 14.17 |  | % | 15.33 |  | %
Company | 8.42 |  | % | 14.28 |  | % | 14.28 |  | % | 15.44 |  | %
Adequately capitalized ratio | 4.00 |  | % | 6.00 |  | % | 4.50 |  | % | 8.00 |  | %
Adequately capitalized ratio plus capital conservation buffer | 4.00 |  | % | 8.50 |  | % | 7.00 |  | % | 10.50 |  | %
Well capitalized ratio (Bank only) | 5.00 |  | % | 8.00 |  | % | 6.50 |  | % | 10.00 |  | %

As of December 31, 2019 | Leverage |  | Tier 1 |  | Common Equity Tier 1 |  | Total Risk-Based |
Bank | 8.84 |  | % | 14.25 |  | % | 14.25 |  | % | 15.19 |  | %
Company | 8.88 |  | % | 14.34 |  | % | 14.34 |  | % | 15.27 |  | %
Adequately capitalized ratio | 4.00 |  | % | 6.00 |  | % | 4.50 |  | % | 8.00 |  | %
Adequately capitalized ratio plus capital conservation buffer | 4.00 |  | % | 8.50 |  | % | 7.00 |  | % | 10.50 |  | %
Well capitalized ratio (Bank only) | 5.00 |  | % | 8.00 |  | % | 6.50 |  | % | 10.00 |  | %

The Bank maintains and annually updates a capital plan over a five year horizon; the capital plan was updated in the second quarter of 2020. Based upon reasonable assumptions of growth and operating performance, the base capital plan model projects that the Bank will be well capitalized throughout the five year period. The base model is also stress tested for interest rate risk from increasing and decreasing rates, credit risk in normal, elevated and severe loss scenarios, and combinations of interest rate and credit risk. In each stress scenario, the Bank maintained well capitalized status. To further validate its internal results, the Bank engaged a third party consultant during the second quarter of 2020 to conduct credit stress tests on its loan portfolio under six scenarios. Three of the scenarios emulated the Federal Reserve's Dodd Frank Act Stress Tests (DFAST), two were pandemic scenarios developed in response to COVID-19 by a leading forecasting firm, and a final severe Coronavirus pandemic scenario developed by the consultant. The consultant's report applied projected credit losses over a thirteen quarter horizon to the Bank's capital position with immediate effect. In each of the six scenarios the Bank remained well capitalized.
Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments and Contractual Obligations
Derivative Financial Instruments Designated as Hedges
As part of its overall asset and liability management strategy, the Bank periodically uses derivative instruments to minimize significant unplanned fluctuations in earnings and cash flows caused by interest rate volatility. The Bank's interest rate risk management strategy involves modifying the re-pricing characteristics of certain assets and/or liabilities so that change in interest rates does not have a significant adverse effect on net interest income. Derivative instruments that Management periodically uses as part of its interest rate risk management strategy may include interest rate swap agreements, interest rate floor agreements, and interest rate cap agreements.
During the first quarter of 2020, the Bank took advantage of market opportunities to restructure several interest rate swap positions and extend funding at favorable interest rates. At September 30, 2020, the Bank had 11 outstanding off-balance sheet, derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges. These derivative instruments were interest rate swap agreements, with notional principal amounts totaling $260.0 million and an unrealized loss of $5.8 million, net of taxes. The notional amounts and net unrealized gain (loss) of the financial derivative instruments do not represent exposure to credit loss. The Bank is exposed to credit loss only to the extent the counter-party defaults in its responsibility to pay interest under the terms of the agreements. The credit risk in derivative instruments is mitigated by entering into transactions with highly-rated counterparties that Management believes to be creditworthy and by limiting the amount of exposure to each counter-party. At September 30,
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2020, the Bank's derivative instrument counterparties were credit rated “A” by the major credit rating agencies. The interest rate swap agreements were entered into by the Bank to limit its exposure to rising interest rates.
The Bank also enters into swap arrangements with qualified loan customers as a means to provide these customers with access to long-term fixed interest rates for borrowings, and simultaneously enters into a swap contract with an approved third- party financial institution. The terms of the contracts are designed to offset one another resulting in their being neither a net gain or a loss. The notional amounts of the financial derivative instruments do not represent exposure to credit loss. The Bank is exposed to credit loss only to the extent that either counter-party defaults in its responsibility to pay interest under the terms of the agreements. Credit risk is mitigated by prudent underwriting of the loan customer and financial institution counterparties. As of September 30, 2020, the Bank had four loan swap agreements in place with a total notional value of $57.1 million.
Contractual Obligations
The following table sets forth the contractual obligations of the Company as of September 30, 2020:

Dollars in thousands | Total |  | Less than 1 year |  | 1-3 years |  | 3-5 years |  | More than 5 years
Borrowed funds | $ | 283,787 |  |  | $ | 228,687 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 55,100 |  |  | $ | — |
Operating leases | 59 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |
Certificates of deposit | 589,931 |  |  | 444,041 |  |  | 113,861 |  |  | 32,029 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 873,777 |  |  | $ | 672,744 |  |  | $ | 113,894 |  |  | $ | 87,139 |  |  | $ | — |
Total loan commitments and unused lines of credit | $ | 243,639 |  |  | $ | 243,639 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

In addition to the above, on September 3, 2020 the Bank entered into a Branch Purchase & Assumption Agreement with Bangor Savings Bank (BSB) to acquire a branch location in Belfast, ME currently owned and operated by Damariscotta Bank & Trust (DB&T); BSB has an agreement in place to purchase DB&T.
The acquisition will be the Bank's first branch location in Waldo County, and is expected to add $16.5 million in deposits and $23.5 million in loans to its balance sheet. The final value of the transaction is estimated to be $24.8 million which includes the loans, an assignment of a ground lease, leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment, and the premium paid for the deposits. The Bank has received regulatory approval for the purchase, and the transaction is expected to be closed in the fourth quarter. A copy of the Agreement is included as Exhibit 10.4.
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Item 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Market-Risk Management
Market risk is the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in the fair value of financial instruments due to changes in interest rates. The First Bancorp, Inc.'s market risk is composed primarily of interest rate risk. The Bank's Asset/Liability Committee (ALCO) is responsible for reviewing the interest rate sensitivity position of the Company and establishing policies to monitor and limit exposure to interest rate risk. All guidelines and policies established by ALCO have been approved by the Board of Directors.
Asset/Liability Management
The primary goal of asset/liability management is to maximize net interest income within the interest rate risk limits set by ALCO. Interest rate risk is monitored through the use of two complementary measures: static gap analysis and earnings simulation modeling. While each measurement has limitations, taken together they represent a reasonably comprehensive view of the magnitude of interest rate risk in the Company, the level of risk through time, and the amount of exposure to changes in certain interest rate relationships.
Static gap analysis measures the amount of repricing risk embedded in the balance sheet at a point in time. It does so by comparing the differences in the repricing characteristics of assets and liabilities. A gap is defined as the difference between the principal amount of assets and liabilities that reprice within a specified time period. The Company's cumulative one-year gap at September 30, 2020 was 7.30% of total assets compared to -5.96% of total assets at December 31, 2019. Core deposits with non-contractual maturities are presented based upon historical patterns of balance attrition and pricing behavior, which are reviewed at least annually.
The gap repricing distributions include principal cash flows from residential mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities in the time frames in which they are expected to be received. Mortgage prepayments are estimated by applying industry median projections of prepayment speeds to portfolio segments based on coupon range and loan age.
A summary of the Company's static gap, as of September 30, 2020, is presented in the following table:

| 0-90 |  | 90-365 |  | 1-5 |  | 5+ |
Dollars in thousands | Days |  | Days |  | Years |  | Years |
Investment securities at amortized cost (HTM) and fair value (AFS) | $ | 102,310 |  |  | $ | 158,315 |  |  | $ | 231,740 |  |  | $ | 179,737 |  |
Restricted stock, at cost | 9,508 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,037 |  |
Loans held for sale | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,387 |  |
Loans | 450,874 |  |  | 261,548 |  |  | 516,756 |  |  | 207,468 |  |
Other interest-earning assets | 3,100 |  |  | 24,587 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Non-rate-sensitive assets | 53,567 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 89,692 |  |
Total assets | 619,359 |  |  | 444,450 |  |  | 748,496 |  |  | 484,321 |  |
Interest-bearing deposits | 459,145 |  |  | 292,547 |  |  | 147,522 |  |  | 681,160 |  |
Borrowed funds | 90,000 |  |  | 22,600 |  |  | 55,100 |  |  | 50,000 |  |
Non-rate-sensitive liabilities and equity | 6,767 |  |  | 25,166 |  |  | 34,100 |  |  | 432,519 |  |
Total liabilities and equity | 555,912 |  |  | 340,313 |  |  | 236,722 |  |  | 1,163,679 |  |
Period gap | $ | 63,447 |  |  | $ | 104,137 |  |  | $ | 511,774 |  |  | $ | (679,358) |  |
Percent of total assets | 2.76 |  | % | 4.53 |  | % | 22.28 |  | % | (29.58) |  | %
Cumulative gap (current) | $ | 63,447 |  |  | $ | 167,584 |  |  | $ | 679,358 |  |  | $ | — |  |
Percent of total assets | 2.76 |  | % | 7.30 |  | % | 29.58 |  | % | — |  | %

The earnings simulation model forecasts capture the impact of changing interest rates on one-year and two-year net interest income. The modeling process calculates changes in interest income received and interest expense paid on all interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities reflected on the Company's balance sheet. None of the assets used in the simulation are held for trading purposes. The modeling is done for a variety of scenarios that incorporate changes in the absolute level of interest rates as well as basis risk, as represented by changes in the shape of the yield curve and changes in interest rate relationships. Management evaluates the effects on income of alternative interest rate scenarios against earnings in a stable interest rate environment. This analysis is also most useful in determining the short-run earnings exposures to changes in customer behavior involving loan payments and deposit additions and withdrawals.
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The Company's most recent simulation model projects net interest income would decrease by approximately 0.4% of stable-rate net interest income if short-term rates affected by Federal Open Market Committee actions fall gradually by one percentage point over the next year, and increase by approximately 0.8% if rates rise gradually by two percentage points. Both scenarios are well within ALCO's policy limit of a decrease in net interest income of no more than 10.0% given a 2.0% move in interest rates, up or down. Management believes this reflects a reasonable interest rate risk position. In year two, and assuming no additional movement in rates, the model forecasts that net interest income would be lower than that earned in a stable rate environment by 3.0% in a falling-rate scenario, and higher than that earned in a stable rate environment by 0.9% in a rising rate scenario, when compared to the year-one base scenario. A summary of the Bank's interest rate risk simulation modeling, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 is presented in the following table:

Changes in Net Interest Income | September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019
Year 1 |  |
Projected change if rates decrease by 1.0% | -0.4% | 0.2%
Projected change if rates increase by 2.0% | 0.8% | -4.3%
Year 2 |  |
Projected change if rates decrease by 1.0% | -3.0% | -0.9%
Projected change if rates increase by 2.0% | 0.9% | -10.1%

This dynamic simulation model includes assumptions about how the balance sheet is likely to evolve through time and in different interest rate environments. Loans and deposits are projected to maintain stable balances. All maturities, calls and prepayments in the securities portfolio are assumed to be reinvested in similar assets. Mortgage loan prepayment assumptions are developed from industry median estimates of prepayment speeds for portfolios with similar coupon ranges and seasoning. Non-contractual deposit volatility and pricing are assumed to follow historical patterns. The sensitivities of key assumptions are analyzed annually and reviewed by ALCO.
This sensitivity analysis does not represent a Company forecast and should not be relied upon as being indicative of expected operating results. These hypothetical estimates are based upon numerous assumptions including, among others, the nature and timing of interest rate levels, yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, pricing decisions on loans and deposits, and reinvestment/ replacement of asset and liability cash flows. While assumptions are developed based upon current economic and local market conditions, the Company cannot make any assurances as to the predictive ability of these assumptions, including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change.
Interest Rate Risk Management
A variety of financial instruments can be used to manage interest rate sensitivity. These may include investment securities, interest rate swaps, and interest rate caps and floors. Frequently called interest rate derivatives, interest rate swaps, caps and floors have characteristics similar to securities but possess the advantages of customization of the risk-reward profile of the instrument, minimization of balance sheet leverage and improvement of liquidity. As of September 30, 2020, the Company was using interest rate swaps for interest rate risk management.
The Company engages an independent consultant to periodically review its interest rate risk position, as well as the effectiveness of simulation modeling and reasonableness of assumptions used. As of September 30, 2020, there were no significant differences between the views of the independent consultant and Management regarding the Company's interest rate risk exposure. In response the the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Open Market Committee in March 2020 lowered its short-term benchmark interest rate by 150 basis points to a range of 0.00% to 0.25%. Management expects that short-term interest rates are likely to remain in this range for at least the next several quarters, and believes that the current level of interest rate risk is acceptable.
Cessation of LIBOR
The Company is aware that LIBOR may no longer be published after December 31, 2021. The Federal Reserve formed the Alternative Reference Rates Committee (ARRC) to guide the transition process in the United States. ARRC has issued a number of recommendations including the adoption of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) as a replacement for LIBOR. The International Swap and Derivatives Association (ISDA), the organization that oversees and guides swap and derivatives markets and participants, continues to work on transitions and replacement rates, including having replacement rates in place before the possible cessation of LIBOR at the end of 2021, and has committed to providing more definitive recommendations later in 2020. The Company has formed a working group to address the change away from LIBOR. Management intends to continue to monitor developments from ARRC and ISDA closely, and expects to pursue the steps ultimately recommended to provide for an orderly transition to a post-LIBOR environment. Of the interest rate swap contracts the Bank has in place as of September 30, 2020, two contracts carrying a total notional amount of $50 million are set to mature
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prior to December 31, 2021; nine contracts with a total notional amount of $210 million have maturity dates beyond December 31, 2021. The four customer loan swap contracts have maturity dates of December 19, 2029, August 21, 2030, July 1, 2035 and October 1, 2039.
Item 4: Controls and Procedures
As required by Rule 13a-15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as of September 30, 2020, the end of the quarter covered by this report, the Company carried out an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures. In designing and evaluating the Company's disclosure controls and procedures, the Company and its management recognize that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and the Company's management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating and implementing possible controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. There was no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2020 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting. The Company reviews its disclosure controls and procedures, which may include its internal controls over financial reporting on an ongoing basis, and may from time to time make changes aimed at enhancing their effectiveness and to ensure that the Company's systems evolve with its business.
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Part II – Other Information
Item 1 – Legal Proceedings
The Company was not involved in any legal proceedings requiring disclosure under Item 103 of Regulation S-K during the reporting period.
Item 1A – Risk Factors
The Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 provides information on risk factors at that time and mentions the potential economic consequences associated with the COVID-19 outbreak. Since the 10-K was published, the COVID-19 outbreak has evolved into a worldwide pandemic with a myriad of adverse impacts upon society as a whole. The spread of COVID-19 has caused illness, quarantines, cancellation of events and travel, business and school shutdowns, reduction in business activity and financial transactions, supply chain interruptions and overall economic and financial market instability. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Federal, State and Local governments have taken preventative or protective actions, such as imposing restrictions on travel and business operations, advising or requiring individuals to limit or forgo their time outside of their homes, and ordering temporary closures of businesses that have been deemed to be non-essential. The initial restrictions and other consequences of the pandemic resulted in significant adverse effects for many different types of businesses, including, among others, those in the retail sales, travel, hospitality and food and beverage industries, and resulted in a significant number of layoffs and furloughs of employees nationwide and in the markets in which we operate. Restrictions have been at least partially lifted nationally and within the Company's operating footprint with some level of economic recovery resulting. An increase in virus spread or infection rates could result in restrictions being re-implemented with further negative impact to economic activity.
The ultimate effects of COVID-19 on the broader economy and the markets that we serve are not known nor is the ultimate length of the restrictions described above and any accompanying effects. Moreover, the Federal Reserve has taken action to lower the Federal Funds rate, which may negatively affect our interest income and, therefore, earnings, financial condition and results of operations. Additional impacts of COVID-19 on our business could be widespread and material, and may include, or exacerbate, among other consequences, the following:
•employees contracting COVID-19
•unavailability of key personnel necessary to conduct our business activities
•disruption resulting from having a significant percentage of employees work remotely
•repeated or sustained closures of our branch lobbies
•declines in demand for loans and other banking services
•reduced consumer spending due to job losses or other impacts of the virus
•adverse conditions in financial markets may have a negative impact on our investment portfolio
•adverse economic conditions result in a slowdown in municipal tax collections potentially impacting municipal loans, investments, and deposit balances
•decline in credit quality of our loan portfolio leading to increased provisions for loan losses
•declines in the value of loan collateral, including residential and commercial real estate
•decline in the liquidity of borrowers and guarantors impairing their ability to honor financial commitments
•actions of governmental entities to limit business activities
The significant contribution of tourism to the State of Maine's overall economy, and the Company's primary market areas in particular, may result in a disproportionate effect relative to other regions. These factors, together or in combination with other events or occurrences that may not yet be known or anticipated, may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
a. None
b. None
c. The Company made the following repurchases of its common stock in the nine months ended September 30, 2020:

Month | Shares Purchased | Average Price Per Share | Total shares purchased as part of publicly announced repurchase plans | Maximum number of shares that may be purchased under the plans
January 2020 | 3,491 |  | 29.33 |  | — |  | — |
February 2020 | 1,806 |  | 28.47 |  | — |  | — |
March 2020 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
April 2020 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
May 2020 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
June 2020 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
July 2020 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
August 2020 | 150 |  | 20.73 |  | — |  | — |
September 2020 | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
| 5,447 |  | $ | 26.18 |  | — |  | — |

Item 3 – Default Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4 – Other Information
A. None.
B. None.
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Item 5 – Exhibits
Exhibit 3.2 Amendment to the Registrant's Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed under item 5.03 on May 1, 2008).
Exhibit 3.3 Amendment to the Registrant's Articles of Incorporation (incorporated by reference to the Definitive Proxy Statement for the Company's 2008 Annual Meeting filed on March 14, 2008).
Exhibit 3.4 Amendment to the Registrant's Articles of Incorporation authorizing issuance of preferred stock (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 29, 2008).
Exhibit 3.5 Conformed Copy of the Company's Bylaws (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the Company's Form 10-K filed March 10, 2017).
Exhibit 10.1 Director Split Dollar Insurance Plan and Specimen Agreement dated January 1, 2016, attached as Exhibit 10.1 to the Company's Form 8-K filed under item 1.01 on October 25, 2017.
Exhibit 10.2 Executive Split Dollar Insurance Plan and Specimen Agreement dated January 1, 2016, attached as Exhibit 10.2 to the Company's Form 8-K filed under item 1.01 on October 25, 2017.
Exhibit 10.3 Amendments dated November 8, 2019 to the Restricted Stock Agreements of an Executive Officer dated January 29, 2015, January 28, 2016, January 26, 2017 and January 4, 2018 attached as Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Form 10-Q filed under Part II Item 4A on November 12, 2019.
Exhibit 10.4 Branch Purchase and Assumption Agreement between the Bank and Bangor Savings Bank for the purchase of a bank branch, loans and deposits at 1 Belmont Ave, Belfast, Maine, attached as Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 6, 2020.
Exhibit 14.1 Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers, adopted by the Board of Directors on September 19, 2003. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2006.
Exhibit 14.2 Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, adopted by the Board of Directors on April 15, 2004. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.2 to the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 15, 2006.
Exhibit 23.1 Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting firm on Form 10-K filed on March 6, 2020.
Exhibit 31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13A-14(A) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Exhibit 31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13A-14(A) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Exhibit 32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 101.INS XBRL Instance Document
Exhibit 101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
Exhibit 101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
Exhibit 101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
THE FIRST BANCORP, INC.
/s/ Tony C. McKim
Tony C. McKim
President & Chief Executive Officer
Date: November 6, 2020
/s/ Richard M. Elder
Richard M. Elder
Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
Date: November 6, 2020
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