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Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies | Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Nature of Operations PCB Bancorp is a bank holding company whose primary operations are through its subsidiary, PCB Bank, which operates as a single operating segment. As of December 31, 2025, the Bank is a single operating segment that operates nine full-service branches in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California, three full-service branches on the East Coast (Bayside, New York; and Englewood Cliffs and Palisades Park, New Jersey), two full-service branches in Texas (Carrollton and Dallas), and one full-service branch in Georgia (Suwanee). The Bank also has loan originators of primarily SBA loans in Washington. The Bank offers a broad range of loans, deposits, and other products and services predominantly to small and middle market businesses and individuals. Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary as of December 31, 2025 and 2024 and for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. Significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Unless the context requires otherwise, all references to the Company include its wholly owned subsidiaries. The accounting and reporting polices of the Company are based upon GAAP and conform to predominant practices within the financial services industry. Significant accounting policies followed by the Company are presented below. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. These reclassifications had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of financial condition or operations. Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates are subject to change and such change could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Significant Accounting Policies Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash items in transit, cash due from the Federal Reserve Bank and other financial institutions, and federal funds sold with original maturities less than 90 days. On March 26, 2020, the Federal Reserve reduced reserve requirement ratios to 0%, eliminating the reserve requirement for all depository institutions. There was no reserve and clearing requirement balance at December 31, 2025 and 2024. Investment Securities Investment securities are classified as held-to-maturity or available-for-sale at the time of purchase based upon the intent of management, liquidity and capital requirements, regulatory limitations and other relevant factors. Debt securities are classified as held-to-maturity when management has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity. Debt securities are classified as available-for-sale when they might be sold before maturity. Securities held-to-maturity are carried at amortized cost and securities available-for-sale are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of taxes, recorded in other comprehensive income. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, all of the investment securities held by the Company were securities available-for-sale. Gains and losses on sales of securities are determined using the specific identification method. Net realized gains or losses on available-for-sale securities are included in noninterest income and, when applicable, are reported as a reclassification adjustment, net of tax, in other comprehensive income. Amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are included in interest income using the effective interest method. Allowance for Credit Losses on Investment Securities Effective January 1, 2023, ACL on securities available-for-sale is determined in accordance with ASC 326. The Company performs a quarterly evaluation for securities in an unrealized loss position to determine if, for those investments in an unrealized loss position, the decline in fair value is credit related or non-credit related. In determining whether a security’s decline in fair value is credit related, the Company considers a number of factors including, but not limited to: (i) the extent to which the fair value of the investment is less than its amortized cost; (ii) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; (iii) downgrades in credit ratings; (iv) payment structure of the security, (v) the ability of the issuer of the security to make scheduled principal and interest payments, and (vi) general market conditions which reflect prospects for the economy as a whole, including interest rates and sector credit spreads. If it is determined that the unrealized loss, or a portion thereof, is credit related, the Company records the amount of credit loss through a charge to provision for credit losses. Unrealized losses deemed non-credit related are recorded, net of tax, through accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The Company does not measure credit losses on an investment’s accrued interest receivable, but rather promptly reverses from current period earnings the amount of accrued interest that is no longer deemed collectable. Accrued interest receivable for investment securities is included in accrued interest receivable in the consolidated statements of financial condition. Loans Held-For-Sale The Company originates SBA loans, and certain residential mortgage loans with the intention for sale in the secondary market. The Company records the guaranteed portion of SBA loans and these residential mortgage loans held-for-sale at the lower of cost or fair value on an aggregate basis. Fair value is based on commitments on hand from investors or prevailing market prices. A valuation allowance is established if the fair value of such loans is lower than their cost, with a corresponding charge to noninterest income. When the Company changes its intent to hold loans for investment, the loans are transferred to held-for-sale at lower of cost or fair value at the time of transfer, as determined on an individual loan level with charges made to ACL on loans when the fair value is lower than the cost. Deferred fees and cost on transferred loans are included in the determination of gains or losses on sale of the related loans. Subsequent decreases in fair value, if any, are recognized through a valuation allowance with charges made to noninterest income. If a determination is made that a loan held-for-sale cannot be sold in the foreseeable future, it is transferred to loans held-for-investment at lower of cost or fair value on the transfer date with a charge made to noninterest income when the fair value is lower than the cost. Realized gains and losses from sales of loans are included in noninterest income. For sales of guaranteed portion of SBA and certain residential mortgage loans, the loan servicing rights are retained. Loans Held-For-Investment Loans held-for-investment that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances, net of any charge-offs, deferred fees or costs on originated loans, or unamortized premiums or discounts on purchased loans. Loan origination fees and certain direct origination costs are deferred and recognized in interest income using the effective interest method over the life of the loan. Interest is accrued and credited to income as earned only if deemed collectible. Loans on which the accrual of interest has been discontinued are designated as nonaccrual loans. Accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when principal or interest payment is 90 days past due based on the contractual terms of the loan or when, in the opinion of management, there is reasonable doubt as to collectability. When loans are placed on nonaccrual status, all interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current period interest income. Past-due status is based on the contractual terms of the loan. Interest payments that are subsequently received are applied as a reduction to the remaining principal balance as long as concern exists as to the collectability of the principal. Interest accruals are resumed on such loans only when the loans are brought current with respect to interest and principal and when, in the judgment of management, all principal and interest on the loans are expected to be fully collectable. Loan portfolio segments identified by the Company include: commercial real estate (commercial property, business property, multifamily and construction), commercial and industrial, and consumer loans (residential mortgage and other consumer). Each loan segment bears varying degrees of risk based on, among other things, the type of loan and collateral, and the sensitivity of the borrower or industry to changes in external factors such as economic conditions and interest rate changes. The loan segments are as follows: Commercial Real Estate Loans: •Commercial property loans – Commercial property loans include loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral, but where the borrower does not occupy the underlying property. The primary risks associated with investor property loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the real estate that is being held as collateral, significant increases in interest rates, changes in market rents, and vacancy and conditions of the underlying property, any of which may make the real estate property unprofitable to the borrower. Real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. •Business property loans – Business property loans include loans for which the Company holds real property as collateral and where the underlying property is occupied by the borrower, such as with a place of business. These loans are primarily underwritten based on the cash flows of the business and secondarily on the real estate. The primary risks associated with business property loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the real estate that is being held as collateral, and significant increases in interest rates, which reduce the cash flows of the underlying business. Real estate loans may be more adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. •Multifamily loans: Multifamily loans are secured by multi-tenant (5 or more units) residential real properties. Payments on multifamily loans are dependent on the successful operation or management of the properties, and repayment of these loans may be subject to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy. •Construction loans: Construction loans are considered to have higher risks due to construction completion and timing risk, and the ultimate repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, government regulation of real property, and the availability of long-term financing. Additionally, economic conditions may impact the Company’s ability to recover its investment in construction loans, as adverse economic conditions may negatively impact the real estate market, which could affect the borrower’s ability to complete and sell the project. The fair value of the underlying collateral may fluctuate as market conditions change. The primary risks include the borrower’s inability to pay and the inability of the Company to recover its investment due to a decline in the fair value of the underlying collateral. Commercial and Industrial Loans: •Commercial and industrial loans – The C&I loan category includes commercial term loans and commercial lines of credit. Commercial term loans are typically extended to finance business acquisitions, permanent working capital needs, and/or equipment purchases. Commercial lines of credit are generally provided to finance short-term working capital needs and warehouse lending credit facilities. Warehouse lending is a line of credit given to a loan originator, the funds from which are used to finance a residential mortgage or CRE loan that a borrower uses to purchase property or refinance an existing loan. The primary risk associated with C&I loans is the difference between expected and actual cash flows of the borrowers. In addition, the recoverability of the Company’s investment in these loans is also dependent on other factors primarily dictated by the type of collateral securing these loans, and occasionally upon other borrower assets and guarantor assets. Consumer Loans: •Residential mortgage loans – The primary risks of residential mortgage loans include the borrower’s inability to pay, material decreases in the value of the real estate that is being held as collateral, and significant increases in interest rates, which may reduce the borrower’s capacity to pay. •Other consumer loans – Other consumer loans primarily include automobile loans, as well as unsecured lines of credit and term loans to high net worth individuals. Automobile loans have relatively higher LTV ratios on average and carry higher interest rates to offset for the inherently higher default risks. Unsecured lines of credit and term consumer loans are underwritten primarily based on the individual borrower’s income, current debt level, and past credit history. Repayment of these loans is dependent on the borrower’s ability to pay, and the fair value of the underlying collateral for automobile loans. The Company classifies loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as current financial information, historical payment experience, collateral adequacy, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans in regards to credit risk. This analysis typically includes non-homogeneous loans, such as commercial real estate and commercial and industrial loans, and is performed on an ongoing basis as new information is obtained. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings: •Pass - Loans classified as pass include non-homogeneous loans not meeting the risk ratings defined below and smaller, homogeneous loans not assessed on an individual basis. •Special Mention - Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in the deterioration of repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date. •Substandard - Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as substandard have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. •Doubtful - Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or repayment in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The Company’s loan portfolio is primarily collateralized by various forms of real estate and business assets located primarily in California. The Company’s loan portfolio contains concentrations of credit in commercial real estate loans and commercial and industrial loans. The Company maintains policies that address these concentrations, as well as residential mortgage loans, and diversifies its loan portfolio through loan originations, purchases, and sales to meet approved concentration levels. Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Off-Balance Sheet Credit Exposures Effective January 1, 2023, ACL on loans is determined in accordance with ASC 326, which requires the Company to record an estimate of expected lifetime credit losses for loans at the time of origination or acquisition. The ACL is maintained at a level deemed appropriate by management to provide for expected credit losses in the portfolio as of the date of the consolidated statements of financial condition. Estimating expected credit losses requires management to use relevant forward-looking information, including the use of reasonable and supportable forecasts. The measurement of the ACL is performed by collectively evaluating loans with similar risk characteristics. The Company’s discounted cash flow methodology incorporates a PD and LGD model, as well as expectations of future economic conditions, using reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company leverages its peer group information to estimate PD and LGD. Peer group is selected from institutions in California with total assets between $1 billion and $10 billion. The Company analyzes and compares each loan segment’s volume as a percentage of total loans, recent charge-off rates, and charge-off rate during recession of the peer group against those of the Bank for inclusion in the peer group population. PD and LGD are forecasted over a one-year time horizon using economic forecast scenarios, which the Company believes is a reasonable and supportable period. Beyond the 1-year forecast time horizon, the Company’s ACL model reverts to historical long-term average loss rates over a 1-year period. The use of reasonable and supportable forecasts requires significant judgment, such as selecting forecast scenarios, as well as determining the appropriate length of the forecast horizon. Management leverages economic projections from a reputable and independent third party to inform and provide its reasonable and supportable economic forecasts. Other internal and external indicators of economic forecasts may also be considered by management when developing the forecast metrics. The Company’s ACL model reverts to long-term average loss rates for purposes of estimating expected cash flows beyond a period deemed reasonable and supportable. The Company forecasts economic conditions and expected credit losses over a one-year time horizon. Beyond the one-year forecast time horizon, the Company’s ACL model reverts to historical long-term average loss rates over one-year period. Management utilizes the economic forecasts provided by the FOMC to forecast the first 4 quarters of the credit loss estimate. The FOMC projects national unemployment rate and the projected change in the year-over-year national GDP growth rates over the forward-looking 4 quarters are used in determining the PD rates over the forecasted periods. Changes in economic forecasts, in conjunction with changes in loan specific attributes, impact a loan’s PD and LGD, which can drive changes in the determination of the ACL. A portion of the collectively evaluated ACL on loans also includes qualitative adjustments for risk factors not reflected or captured by the quantitative modeled ACL but are relevant in estimating future expected credit losses. For each segment of the collectively evaluated loans, a hypothetical worst case scenario loss rate is calculated which is then used as the high watermark for the qualitative adjustment factors. The net difference between the worst case scenario loss rate and the current period’s quantitative reserve rate is the maximum available qualitative reserve for a given segment. The required qualitative reserve for each segment is then determined based on the weighting of the qualitative category and the assignment of risk status rating (improvement, no risk, very low, low, moderate, high, and very high) for each qualitative factor category. Qualitative adjustments may be related to and include, but not limited to factors such as: (i) management’s assessment of economic forecasts used in the model and how those forecasts align with management’s overall evaluation of current and expected economic conditions, (ii) organization-specific risks such as credit concentrations, collateral specific risks, regulatory risks, and external factors that may ultimately impact credit quality, (iii) potential model limitations such as limitations identified through back-testing, and other limitations associated with factors such as underwriting changes, acquisition of new portfolios and changes in portfolio segmentation, and (iv) management’s overall assessment of the adequacy of the ACL, including an assessment of ACL model data inputs. Problem loans are typically substandard or have a worse internal risk grade, and may consist of loans on nonaccrual status where the likelihood of foreclosure on underlying collateral has increased, collateral dependent loans and other loans where concern or doubt over the ultimate collectability of all contractual amounts due has become elevated. These problem loans, in the opinion of management, no longer possess risk characteristics similar to other loans in the loan segment, and as such may require individual evaluation for appropriate ACL for the loan. For performing loans individually evaluated, the Company measures the expected credit loss based on a discounted cash flow approach or fair value of collateral, less costs to sell. Collateral dependent loans are loans to borrowers with financial difficulty where the repayment of the loan is expected from the operation of and/or eventual liquidation of the underlying collateral. Although management uses the best information reasonably available to derive estimates necessary to measure an appropriate level of the ACL, future adjustments to the ACL may be necessary due to economic, operating, regulatory and other conditions that may extend beyond the Company’s control. Generally, loans are charged off immediately when it is determined that advances to the borrower are in excess of the calculated current fair value of the collateral and if a borrower is deemed incapable of repayment of unsecured debt, there is little or no prospect for near term improvement and no realized strengthening action of significance pending. Other consumer loans are charged off based on delinquency, typically 120 days for closed loans and 180 days for open-end loans, or earlier when it is determined that the loan is uncollectible due to a triggering event, such as bankruptcy, fraud, or death. This methodology for determining charge-offs is consistently applied to each segment. Charge-offs are recorded to the ACL. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the ACL. Premises and Equipment Premises and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives, which ranges from three to seven years for furniture and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the improvements or the remaining lease term, whichever is shorter. Expenditures for betterments or major repairs are capitalized and those for ordinary repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as part of occupancy and equipment expense as incurred. Operating Leases The Company’s operating leases are for its headquarters’ office spaces and retail branch locations. Most leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that can extend the lease term from one to five years. The exercise of a lease renewal option is at the Company’s sole discretion. Certain leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet and lease expenses for these leases are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. None of the Company’s lease agreements contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The Company also leases certain equipment, such as copy machines and scanners, but they are determined to be immaterial. Federal Home Loan Bank and Other Restricted Stock The Bank is a member of the FHLB and Pacific Coast Bankers’ Bancshares (“PCBB”) system. Members are required to own a certain amount of stock based on the level of borrowings and other factors, and may invest in additional amounts. FHLB and PCBB stock is carried at cost, classified as a restricted security, and periodically evaluated for impairment based on the ultimate recovery of par value. Both cash and stock dividends are reported as income. Other Real Estate Owned OREO represents properties acquired through foreclosure or other proceedings. The Company initially records OREO at fair value at the time of foreclosure. Thereafter, OREO is recorded at the lower of cost or fair value based on their subsequent changes in fair value. The fair value of OREO is generally based on recent real estate appraisals adjusted for estimated selling costs. Any write-down to fair value at the time of transfer to OREO is charged to ACL on loans. Property is evaluated regularly to ensure the recorded amount is supported by its current fair value and valuation allowances to reduce the carrying amounts to fair value less estimated costs to dispose are recorded as necessary. Additions to or reductions from valuation allowances are recorded in noninterest expense. Servicing Assets Servicing assets are recognized when servicing rights are retained from the sale of loans, such as sales of the guaranteed portion of SBA and certain residential mortgage loans, and are initially recorded at fair value. Fair value is calculated as the present value of estimated future cash flows from the servicing rights based on current market sources, such as the cost to service, discount rates, and prepayment speeds. Servicing assets are amortized into noninterest income over the expected life of the underlying loans. Servicing assets are evaluated for impairment based on the fair value of the servicing rights as compared to the carrying amount. Impairment is determined by stratifying servicing rights into groupings based on predominant risk characteristics, such as collateral type. For purposes of measuring impairment, the Company has identified each servicing asset with the underlying loan being serviced. A valuation allowance is recorded when the fair value is below the carrying amount of the asset. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists for a particular grouping, a reduction of the valuation allowance may be recorded as an increase to income. The fair values of servicing assets are subject to significant fluctuations as a result of changes in estimated and actual prepayment speeds and changes in discount rates. Servicing income as reported on the income statement consists of fees earned for servicing loans, net of the amortization of servicing assets and changes in the valuation allowance. The servicing fees are based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal and recorded as income when earned. Bank-owned Life Insurance The Company purchases life insurance policies on certain officers and directors. The Bank and named beneficiaries of various current covered officers are the beneficiaries under each policy. In the event of the death of a covered officer, the Bank and named beneficiaries of the covered officer will receive the specified insurance benefit from the insurance carrier. Bank-owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts due, if any, that are probable at settlement. Investment in Qualified Affordable Housing Projects The Company has invested in a limited partnership that operates qualified affordable housing projects for lower income tenants in California. The Company accounts for this investment under the proportional amortization method and the amortization expense is presented as a component of current tax expense. Return of this investment is generated primarily through allocated federal tax credits and other tax benefits. The recorded investment amount was $7.2 million and $8.3 million, respectively, and unfunded commitments were $3.2 million and $5.8 million, respectively, at December 31, 2025 and 2024. The recorded investment amount is included in Other Assets and unfunded commitment is included in Accrued Interest Payable and Other Liabilities on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. As components of Income Tax Expense on the Consolidated Statement of Income, the Company recognized $1.0 million, $572 thousand and $451 thousand in amortization expense, respectively, partially offset by federal tax credits and other benefits of $1.0 million, $757 thousand and $674 thousand, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. The Company determined that there were no events or changes in circumstances indicating that it is more likely than not that the carrying amount of the investment will not be realized. Therefore, no impairment was recorded for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024. Investment in Private Equity The Company has invested $1.0 million in a limited partnership that operates as a private investment partnership, which invests primarily in companies in the financial services industry, predominantly in U.S. publicly-traded securities of bank holding companies, banks, thrifts, and, to a lesser extent, other financial services companies, including, but not limited to, asset managers, finance companies, mortgage companies, insurance companies and credit. The Company does not have significant influence over its operation. The Company accounts for this investment using the cost method and recorded the investment in Other Assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Earnings Per Common Share Earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed under the two-class method. Net income allocated to common stock is computed by subtracting income allocated to unvested restricted stock from net income available to common shareholders. Income allocated to unvested restricted stock includes cash dividends paid and undistributed income available to holders of unvested restricted stock, if any. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income allocated to common stock by the weighted-average common shares outstanding excluding the weighted-average unvested restricted stock. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income allocated to common stock by the weighted-average common stock outstanding, excluding the weighted-average unvested restricted stock, adjusted for the dilutive effect of stock options. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if options or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock, or resulted in the issuance of common stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity. Transfer of Financial Assets Transfers of financial assets are accounted for sales, when control over the assets has been relinquished. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when the assets have been isolated from the Company, the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity. Share-Based Compensation The Company recognizes the cost of employee services received in exchange for stock options and restricted stock awards (“RSAs”), based on the grant date fair value of those awards. A Black-Scholes model is utilized to estimate the fair value of stock options, while the market price of the Company's common stock at the date of grant is used for RSAs. This cost is recognized in income over the period which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award, generally the vesting period. See Note 12 for additional information on the Company’s stock option plan. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recorded as part of income tax expense. A valuation allowance is established to reduce the deferred tax asset to the level at which it is more likely than not that the tax benefits will be realized. Realization of tax benefits of deductible temporary differences and carryforwards depends on having sufficient taxable income of an appropriate character and in the appropriate periods. Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) includes the changes in unrealized gains and losses on securities available-for-sale, net of tax. Commitments and Contingencies In the ordinary course of business, the Company enters into off-balance sheet financial instruments consisting of commitments to extend credit, commercial letters of credit, and standby letters of credit as described in Note 16. Such financial instruments are recorded in the consolidated financial statements when they are funded or related fees are incurred or received. Revenue Recognition Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities. In addition, certain noninterest income streams such as gain or loss associated with mortgage servicing assets and financial guarantees are also not within the scope. Topic 606 is applicable to noninterest income such as deposit related fees, interchange fees, and merchant related income. Noninterest income considered to be within the scope of Topic 606 is discussed below. Service charges and fees on deposits: Deposit account service charges consist of monthly service fees, account analysis fees, non-sufficient funds (“NSF”) charges and other deposit related fees. The Company’s performance obligation for account analysis fees and monthly service fees is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, over the period in which the service is provided. NSF charges, and other deposit account service charges are largely transactional based, and therefore, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time as incurred. Debit card fees: When customers use their debit cards to pay merchants for goods or services, the Company retains a fee from the funds collected from the related deposit account and transfers the remaining funds to the payment network for remittance to the merchant. The performance obligation to the merchant is satisfied and the fee is recognized at the point in time when the funds are collected and transferred to the payment network. Gain (loss) on sale of other real estate owned: The Company’s performance obligation for sale of OREO is the transfer of title and ownership rights of the OREO to the buyer, which occurs at the settlement date when the sale proceeds are received and income is recognized. Wire transfer fees and other service charges: Wire transfer fees and other service charges are transaction based, and therefore, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time as incurred. Fair Value Measurement Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Current accounting guidance establishes a fair value hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs when measuring fair value. The guidance describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: •Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date. •Level 2: Significant observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. •Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. See Note 2 for more information and disclosures relating to the Company’s fair value measurements. Operating Segment While the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) monitors the revenue streams of the various products and services, operations are managed, and financial performance is evaluated on a Company-wide basis. The CODM evaluates the company's performance and allocates resources on a consolidated basis. The CODM reviews financial performance across all products and geographies as part of the integrated operations. The Bank disaggregates financial information into meaningful categories to provide additional insights into its operations while maintaining alignment with its single operating segment structure. Accordingly, all of the operations are considered by management to be aggregated in one reportable operating segment. See Note 19 for additional information on the Company’s operating segment. Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” This ASU requires public business entities to disclose in the rate reconciliation table additional categories of information about federal, state, and foreign income taxes and to provide more details about the reconciling items in some categories if items meet a quantitative threshold. It also requires all entities to disclose income taxes paid, net of refunds, disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes for annual periods and to disaggregate the information by jurisdiction based on a quantitative threshold. For public business entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company adopted this ASU and presented retrospectively in Note 14. Adoption of this ASU did not have a significant impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” This ASU requires disaggregated disclosure of income statement expenses for public business entities. This ASU requires new financial statement disclosures in tabular format, disaggregating information about prescribed categories underlying any relevant income statement expense caption. The prescribed categories include, among other things, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization. Additionally, entities must disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses. This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and for interim reporting periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. This ASU can be applied prospectively with an option for retrospective application and early adoption is permitted. This ASU is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025‑08, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Purchased Loans.” This ASU expands the scope of the “gross‑up” method, formerly applicable only to purchased credit‑deteriorated ("PCD") assets, to include acquired non‑PCD loans that meet certain criteria, now referred to as “purchased seasoned loans (PSLs).” Under this model, an allowance for expected credit losses is recognized at acquisition, offsetting the loan’s amortized cost basis, thereby eliminating the day-one credit‑loss expense previously required for non‑PCD assets. PSLs are defined as non‑PCD loans acquired either (i) through a business combination, or (ii) purchased more than 90 days after origination when the acquirer was not involved in origination. This ASU will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027 and early adoption is permitted. This ASU is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-11, “Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements.” This ASU clarifies and enhances guidance under ASC 270 on interim financial reporting by (i) clarifying the scope of ASC 270 such that it now explicitly applies only to entities that issue complete interim financial statements and related notes under U.S. GAAP, (ii) establishing clear guidance on the form of interim statements and notes, incorporating a comprehensive list of required interim disclosures drawn from across the ASC, and (iii) introducing a requirement to disclose material events and changes occurring after the end of the last annual period that could impact interim results. This ASU is effective for interim reporting periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027 and early adoption is permitted. Aside from complying with the new disclosure requirements, this ASU is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

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