Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies

Effective February 18, 2020, Berry Petroleum Corporation changed its name to Berry Corporation (bry) and introduced a new logo. We believe that the name Berry Corporation (bry) is a name that better represents our progressive approach to evolving and growing the business in today’s dynamic oil and gas industry.

“Berry Corp.” refers to Berry Corporation (bry), a Delaware corporation which, on and after February 28, 2017 is the sole member of Berry Petroleum Company, LLC.

“Berry LLC” refers to Berry Petroleum Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.

As the context may require, the “Company”, “we”, “our” or similar words refer to (i) Berry Corp. (the “Successor”) and Berry LLC, its consolidated subsidiary, as of and after February 28, 2017, as a whole or (ii) either Berry Corp. or Berry LLC on an individual basis as of and after February 28, 2017. References to historical activities of the “Company” prior to February 28, 2017, refer to activities of Berry LLC (the “Predecessor”).

“Linn Energy” refers to Linn Energy, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company of which Berry LLC was formerly a wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary and LinnCo, LLC (“LinnCo” and, together with Linn Energy, the “Linn Entities”), until February 28, 2017.

Nature of Business

Berry Corp. is an independent oil and natural gas company that was incorporated under Delaware law on February 13, 2017. Berry Corp. operates through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Berry LLC. Our properties are located in the United States (the “U.S.”), in California (in the San Joaquin and Ventura basins), Utah (in the Uinta basin), and Colorado (in the Piceance basin).

In July 2018, we completed the initial public offering (the “IPO”) of our common stock and as a result, on July 26, 2018, our common stock began trading on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the ticker symbol BRY.

As discussed further in Note 14, on May 11, 2016 (the “Petition Date”), the Linn entities and, consequently, Berry LLC, filed voluntary petitions for relief under Chapter 11 (“Chapter 11”) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Berry LLC emerged from bankruptcy as a stand-alone company separate from Linn Energy effective February 28, 2017 (the “Effective Date”).

Principles of Consolidation and Reporting

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), which requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. We eliminated all significant intercompany transactions and balances upon consolidation. For oil and gas exploration and production joint ventures in which we have a direct working interest, we account for our proportionate share of assets, liabilities, revenue, expense and cash flows within the relevant lines of the financial statements.

Reclassification

We reclassified certain prior year amounts in the cash flow statements to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no material impact on the financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP required management of the Company to make informed estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amount of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses.

Estimates that are particularly significant to the financial statements include estimates of our reserves of oil and gas, future cash flows from oil and gas properties, depreciation, depletion and amortization, asset retirement obligations, fair values of commodity derivatives and fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. In addition, as part of fresh-start accounting, we made estimates and assumptions related to our reorganization value, liabilities subject to compromise and the fair value of assets and liabilities recorded.

Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Inventories

Inventories were included in other current assets. Oil and natural gas inventories were valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Materials and supplies were valued at their weighted-average cost and are reviewed periodically for obsolescence.

Oil and Natural Gas Properties

Proved Properties

We account for oil and natural gas properties in accordance with the successful efforts method. Under this method, all acquisition costs of proved properties are capitalized and amortized on a unit-of-production basis over the remaining life of the proved reserves. All development costs of proved properties are capitalized and amortized on a unit-of-production basis over the remaining life of the proved developed reserves. Costs of retired, sold or abandoned properties that constitute a part of an amortization base are charged or credited, net of proceeds, to accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization unless doing so significantly affects the unit-of-production amortization rate, in which case a gain or loss is recognized in the current period. Gains or losses from the disposal of other properties are recognized in the current period. For assets acquired, we base the capitalized cost on fair value at the acquisition date. We expense expenditures for maintenance and repairs necessary to maintain properties in operating condition, as well as annual lease rentals, as they are incurred. Estimated dismantlement and abandonment costs are capitalized, net of salvage, at their estimated net present value and amortized over the remaining lives of the related assets. Interest is capitalized only during the periods in which these assets are brought to their intended use. The amount of capitalized interest in 2019 was approximately $2 million, and in 2018 and 2017 these costs were not significant. The amount of capitalized exploratory well costs was zero for all periods. We only capitalize the interest on borrowed funds related to our share of costs associated with qualifying capital expenditures.

We evaluate the impairment of our proved oil and natural gas properties generally on a field by field basis or at the lowest level for which cash flows are identifiable, whenever events or changes in circumstance indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We reduce the carrying values of proved properties to fair value when the expected undiscounted future cash flows are less than net book value. We measure the fair values of proved properties using valuation techniques consistent with the income approach, converting future cash flows to a single discounted amount. Significant inputs used to determine the fair values of proved properties include estimates of: (i) reserves; (ii) future operating and development costs; (iii) future commodity prices; and (iv) a risk-adjusted discount rate. These inputs require significant judgments and estimates by our management at the time of the valuation and are the most sensitive estimates we make and the most likely to change. The underlying commodity prices are embedded in our estimated cash flows and are the product of a process that begins with the relevant forward curve pricing, adjusted for estimated location and quality differentials, as well as other factors our management believes will impact realizable prices. The fair value was estimated using inputs characteristic of a Level 3 fair value measurement.

Unproved Properties

A portion of the carrying value of our oil and gas properties was attributable to unproved properties. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, the net capitalized costs attributable to unproved properties were approximately $314 million and $388 million, respectively. The unproved amounts were not subject to depreciation, depletion and amortization until they were classified as proved properties and amortized on a unit-of-production basis. We evaluate the impairment of our unproved oil and gas properties whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. If the exploration and development work were to be unsuccessful, or management decided not to pursue development of these properties as a result of lower commodity prices, higher development and operating costs, contractual conditions or other factors, the capitalized costs of such properties would be expensed. The timing of any write-downs of unproved properties, if warranted, depends upon management’s plans, the nature, timing and extent of future exploration and development activities and their results. We believe our current plans and exploration and development efforts will allow us to realize the carrying value of our unproved property balance at December 31, 2019.

At year end 2019, we evaluated our proved and unproved natural gas properties in regards to the decline in our expectations of future gas prices. As a result, we recorded a non-cash pre-tax asset impairment charge of $51 million for our Piceance gas properties in Colorado, of which $23 million was for proved properties and $28 million for unproved properties.

Other Property and Equipment

Other property and equipment includes natural gas gathering systems, pipelines, buildings, software, data processing and telecommunications equipment, office furniture and equipment, and other fixed assets. These assets are recorded at cost, depreciated using the straight-line method based on expected useful lives ranging from 5 to 30 years for buildings and leasehold improvements and 2 to 30 years for plant and pipeline, drilling and other equipment, and the salvage value is considered as applicable.

Asset Retirement Obligation

We recognize the fair value of asset retirement obligations (“AROs”) in the period in which a determination is made that a legal obligation exists to dismantle an asset and remediate the property at the end of its useful life and the cost of the obligation can be reasonably estimated. The liability amounts were based on future retirement cost estimates and incorporate many assumptions such as time to abandonment, technological changes, future inflation rates and the risk-adjusted discount rate. When the liability was initially recorded, we capitalized the cost by increasing the related property, plant and equipment (“PP&E”) balances. If the estimated future cost of the AROs changes, we record an adjustment to both the ARO and PP&E. Over time, the liability is increased and the capitalized cost is depreciated over the useful life of the asset. Accretion expense is also recognized over time as the discounted liabilities are accreted to their expected settlement value and is included in depreciation, depletion and amortization in the statement of operations.

The following table summarizes activity in our ARO account in which approximately $124 million and $89 million were included in long term liabilities as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, with the remaining current portion included in accrued liabilities:



	Berry Corp. (Successor)
	Year Ended December 31, 2019			Year Ended December 31, 2018
	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	95,548		$	97,422
Liabilities incurred	11,534			4,901
Settlements and payments	(22,036		)	(3,555		)
Accretion expense	7,570			6,258
Reduction due to property sales	—			(4,145		)
Revisions	56,611			(5,333		)
Ending balance	$	149,227		$	95,548

The increase in the long-term portion of the asset retirement obligation largely reflected revisions to timing and cost estimates of $57 million, $12 million for new wells, and accretion expense of $8 million. A significant portion of the change in estimate was a result of California's new idle well regulations which became effective in the second quarter and accelerated the timing of abandonment of certain long existing idle wells. These increases were partially offset by liabilities settled or paid during the period of $22 million and an increase to the current portion of the asset retirement obligation of $19 million due to the change in timing and estimated costs

Revenue Recognition

Substantially all of the Company’s revenue is from the sale of crude oil, natural gas and NGLs. See Note 13 for information regarding the Company’s revenue recognition policy.

Fair Value Measurements

We have categorized our assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in a three-level fair value hierarchy, based on the inputs to the valuation techniques: Level 1—using quoted prices in active markets for the assets or liabilities; Level 2—using observable inputs other than quoted prices for the assets or liabilities; and Level 3—using unobservable inputs. Transfers between levels, if any, are recognized at the end of each reporting period. We primarily apply the market approach for recurring fair value measurement, maximize our use of observable inputs and minimize use of unobservable inputs. We generally use an income approach to measure fair value when observable inputs are unavailable. This approach utilizes management’s judgments regarding expectations of projected cash flows and discounts those cash flows using a risk-adjusted discount rate.

The most significant items on our balance sheet that would be affected by recurring fair value measurements are derivatives. We determine the fair value of our oil and natural gas derivatives using valuation techniques which utilize market quotes and pricing analysis. Inputs include publicly available prices and forward price curves generated from a compilation of data gathered from third parties. We classify these measurements as Level 2.

Our PP&E is written down to fair value if we determine that there has been an impairment in its value. The fair value is determined as of the date of the assessment using discounted cash flow models based on management’s expectations for the future. Inputs include estimates of future production, prices based on commodity forward price curves as of the date of the estimate, estimated future operating and development costs and a risk-adjusted discount rate. We classify these measurements as Level 3.

Stock-based Compensation

We have issued restricted stock units (“RSUs”) that vest over time and performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”) that vest based on our achievement of certain average prices per share or total shareholder return, to certain employees and non-employee directors. The fair value of the stock-based awards is determined at the date of grant and is not remeasured. Prior to our IPO in July 2018, we determined the fair value of the RSUs based on an estimate of the fair value of our equity using an income approach. We used a discounted cash flow method to value the estimated future cash flows at an appropriate discount rate. Subsequent to our IPO, since the underlying shares are now trading in the public markets, these estimates are no longer necessary. For PSUs, compensation value is measured on the grant date using payout values derived from a Monte-Carlo valuation model. Estimates used in the Monte Carlo valuation model are considered highly complex and subjective. Compensation expense, net of actual forfeitures, for the RSUs and PSUs is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods, which is over the awards’ respective vesting or performance periods which range from one to three years.

Other Loss Contingencies

In the normal course of business, we are involved in lawsuits, claims and other environmental and legal proceedings and audits. We accrue reserves for these matters when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the liability can be reasonably estimated. In addition, we disclose, if material, in aggregate, our exposure to loss in excess of the amount recorded on the balance sheet for these matters if it is reasonably possible that an additional material loss may be incurred. We review our loss contingencies on an ongoing basis.

Loss contingencies are based on judgments made by management with respect to the likely outcome of these matters and are adjusted as appropriate. Management’s judgments could change based on new information, changes in, or interpretations of, laws or regulations, changes in management’s plans or intentions, opinions regarding the outcome of legal proceedings, or other factors.

Electricity Cost Allocation

We own five cogeneration facilities. Our investment in cogeneration facilities has been for the express purpose of lowering steam costs in our heavy oil operations in California and securing operating control of the respective steam generation. Cogeneration, also called combined heat and power, extracts energy from the exhaust of a turbine, which would otherwise be wasted, to produce steam. Such cogeneration operations also produce electricity. We allocate steam and electricity costs to lease operating expenses based on the conversion efficiency of the cogeneration facilities plus certain direct costs of producing steam. We also allocate a portion of the electricity production costs related to the power we sell to third parties, which is reported in “electricity generation expenses” in the statement of operations.

Income Taxes

Prior to the consummation of the Plan, as defined below, the Predecessor was a limited liability company treated as a disregarded entity for federal and state income tax purposes, with the exception of the state of Texas, in which income tax liabilities and/or benefits of the company are passed through to its members. Limited liability companies are subject to Texas margin tax. As such, with the exception of the state of Texas, the Predecessor was not a taxable entity, it did not directly pay federal and state income taxes and recognition was not given to federal and state income taxes for the operations of the company.

On the Effective Date, upon consummation of the Plan, the Successor became a C Corporation subject to federal and state income taxes. The impact of changes in tax regulation are reflected when enacted. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are recognized when it is more likely than not that they will be realized. We periodically assess our deferred tax assets and reduce such assets by a valuation allowance if we deem it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. We recognize a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, based on the technical merits of the position. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized in income tax expense (benefit).

Earnings per Share

We computed basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS) using the two-class method required for participating securities. Restricted and performance stock awards are considered participating securities when such shares have non-forfeitable dividend rights at the same rate as common stock.

Under the two-class method, undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities are subtracted from net income attributable to common stock in determining net income attributable to common stockholders. In loss periods, no allocation is made to participating securities because the participating securities do not share in losses. For basic EPS, the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding excludes outstanding shares related to unvested restricted stock awards. For diluted EPS, the basic shares outstanding are adjusted by adding potentially dilutive securities, unless their effect is anti-dilutive.

Business and Credit Concentrations

We maintain our cash in bank deposit accounts which, at times, may exceed federally insured amounts. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts. We believe we are not exposed to any significant credit risk on our cash.

We also sell oil, natural gas and NGLs to various types of customers, including pipelines, refineries and other oil and natural gas companies and electricity to utility companies. Based on the current demand for oil, natural gas and NGLs and the availability of other purchasers, we believe that the loss of any one of our major purchasers would not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or net cash provided by operating activities.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, our three largest customers represented approximately 36%, 24% and 13% of our sales. For the year ended December 31, 2018, our three largest customers represented 35%, 28%, and 13% of our sales. For the ten months ended December 31, 2017, our three largest customers represented approximately 36%, 29% and 13% of our sales. For the two months ended February 28, 2017, our two largest customers represented approximately 34% and 29% of our sales.

At December 31, 2019, trade accounts receivable from three customers represented approximately 40%, 17%, and 11% of our receivables. At December 31, 2018, trade accounts receivable from three customers represented approximately 26%, 22% and 10% of our receivables.

Bankruptcy Accounting

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared as if the Company will continue as a going concern and reflect the application of GAAP. GAAP requires that the financial statements, for periods subsequent to filing of the bankruptcy proceedings, distinguish transactions and events that are directly associated with the reorganization from the ongoing operations of the business. Accordingly, certain expenses, gains and losses that are realized or incurred in connection with the bankruptcy proceedings are recorded in “reorganization items, net” on our consolidated statements of operations. In addition, pre-petition unsecured and under-secured obligations that may be impacted by the bankruptcy reorganization process have been classified as “liabilities subject to compromise” on our balance sheet. These liabilities are reported at the amounts allowed as claims by the Bankruptcy Court, although they may be settled for less.

Upon emergence from bankruptcy on February 28, 2017, we adopted fresh-start accounting which resulted in Berry Corp. becoming the financial reporting entity. As a result of the application of fresh-start accounting and the effects of the implementation of the Plan (see Note 14 for definition), the financial statements on or after February 28, 2017 are not comparable to the financial statements prior to that date. See Note 14 for additional information.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

During 2016, the FASB issued rules clarifying the new revenue recognition standard issued in 2014. The new rules are intended to improve and converge the financial reporting requirements for revenue from contracts with customers. We are an emerging growth company and elected to delay adoption of these rules until they are applicable to non-SEC issuers which is for fiscal years beginning after December 31, 2018. As such, we adopted these rules in the first quarter of 2019 and applied the modified retrospective approach, meaning the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard is recognized in the most current period presented in the financial statements. We have performed an analysis of existing contracts and determined adoption did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. In addition, we have evaluated the changes to relevant business practices, accounting policies and control activities and we did not experience a material change in our revenue accounting as a result of the adoption of these rules. Refer to Note 13 for additional disclosure information.

New Accounting Standards Issued, But Not Yet Adopted

In February 2016, the FASB issued rules requiring lessees to recognize assets and liabilities on the balance sheet for the rights and obligations created by all leases with terms of more than 12 months and to include qualitative and quantitative disclosures with respect to the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. As an emerging growth company, we have elected to delay the adoption of these rules until they are applicable to non-SEC issuers which is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently identifying our lease population in accordance with the new lease standard. We expect the adoption of these rules to increase other assets and other liabilities on our balance sheet and we are currently evaluating the impact on our consolidated results of operations.

In December 2019, the FASB issued rules which simplifies the accounting for income taxes. As an emerging growth company, we have elected to delay the adoption of these rules until they are applicable to non-SEC issuers which is for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are currently evaluating the impact of these rules on our consolidated financial statements.