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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
Income tax expense (benefit) consisted of the following:

Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
(in thousands)
Current taxes:
Federal
$642 $— $— 
State
1,597 581 828 
Total current taxes
2,239 581 828 
Deferred taxes:
Federal
(44,053)832 2,653 
State
(622)— (10,699)
Total deferred taxes
(44,675)832 (8,046)
Total current and deferred taxes
$(42,436)$1,413 $(7,218)
Reconciliation of the Federal Statutory Tax Rate to the Effective Tax Rate
A reconciliation of the federal statutory tax rate to the effective tax rate is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202220212020
Federal statutory rate
21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State, net of federal tax benefit
6.2 %3.7 %6.3 %
Nondeductible compensation
1.8 %(24.5)%— %
Effect of permanent differences
(0.3)%(4.7)%(0.6)%
Tax credits - Prior Year
(11.5)%(29.5)%4.9 %
Tax credits - Current Year
— %21.5 %1.1 %
State return to provision
(0.3)%(0.2)%(1.1)%
Change in valuation allowance
(37.3)%2.7 %(28.8)%
Effective tax rate
(20.4)%(10.0)%2.8 %
Schedule of Significant Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Significant components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
20222021
(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards
$22,402 $40,846 
Accruals
10,728 11,731 
Asset retirement obligations
48,994 44,437 
Derivative instruments
2,280 12,776 
Tax credits
88,908 61,044 
Other
2,882 3,551 
Subtotal
176,194 174,385 
Valuation allowance
— (77,546)
Total deferred tax assets
176,194 96,839 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Book tax differences in property basis
(133,350)(98,670)
Total deferred tax liabilities
(133,350)(98,670)
Net deferred tax asset (liability)
$42,844 $(1,831)