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Stock Options, Restricted Stock and Stock-Based Compensation | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2026
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Stock Options, Restricted Stock and Stock-Based Compensation | 11. Stock Options, Restricted Stock and Stock-Based Compensation Equity Incentive Plans The Company’s 2015 Stock Plan, as amended, (the 2015 Plan) provides for the Company to sell or issue common shares or restricted common stock, or to grant incentive stock options or nonqualified stock options for the purchase of common stock, to employees, members of the board of directors and consultants of the Company. The 2015 Plan is administered by the board of directors and exercise prices, vesting and other restrictions are determined at its discretion. All stock option grants are non-statutory stock options except option grants to employees intended to qualify as incentive stock options under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Incentive stock options may not be granted at less than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant, as determined in good faith by the board of directors at its sole discretion. Nonqualified stock options may be granted at an exercise price established by the board of directors at its sole discretion and the vesting periods may vary. Vesting periods are generally four years and are determined by the board of directors. Stock options become exercisable as they vest. Options granted under the 2015 Plan expire no more than ten years from the date of grant. As of March 31, 2026, there are no shares available for grants under the 2015 Plan and the 2015 Plan continues to govern the terms and conditions of the outstanding awards under the 2015 Plan. On July 14, 2021, the Company’s 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2021 Plan) was approved by the Company’s stockholders, and became effective upon completion of the IPO and serves as the successor to the 2015 Plan. 10,754,617 shares of common stock are reserved under the 2021 Plan, of which 1,685,616 shares remain available for future grants as of March 31, 2026. Equity Inducement Plan On December 24, 2025, the Company's board of directors approved the Company's 2025 Inducement Plan (the 2025 Inducement Plan) which permits the granting of non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, and other stock-based awards to employees as an inducement pursuant to Listing Rule 5635(c)(4) of the corporate governance rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC. The 2025 Inducement Plan became effective upon approval. The 2025 Inducement Plan provides for an overall share limit of 1,000,000 shares of common stock. As of March 31, 2026, 903,400 shares remain available for future grants under the 2025 Inducement Plan. Stock Options Stock option activity is summarized a s follows:
|  | NUMBER OF STOCK OPTIONS |  |  | WEIGHTED- AVERAGE EXERCISE PRICE |  |  | WEIGHTED- AVERAGE REMAINING CONTRACTUAL TERM (IN YEARS) |  |  | AGGREGATE INTRINSIC VALUE (IN THOUSANDS) |
Outstanding as of December 31, 2025 |  |  | 6,246,920 |  |  | $ | 4.21 |  |  |  | 6.79 |  |  | $ | 13,695 |
Granted |  |  | 2,230,959 |  |  |  | 5.68 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | (10,937 | ) |  |  | 2.57 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cancelled, forfeited or expired |  |  | (23,797 | ) |  |  | 6.49 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding as of March 31, 2026 |  |  | 8,443,145 |  |  | $ | 4.60 |  |  |  | 7.45 |  |  | $ | 10,552 |
Exercisable as of March 31, 2026 |  |  | 4,353,779 |  |  | $ | 3.18 |  |  |  | 5.72 |  |  | $ | 9,708 |
Unvested as of March 31, 2026 |  |  | 4,089,366 |  |  | $ | 6.11 |  |  |  | 9.29 |  |  | $ | 844 |
The 2015 Plan, permits participants to use common stock they previously acquired to pay for the exercise of stock options based upon the fair value on the date of exercise. In connection with the exercise of stock options to purchase 306,518 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.46, option holders tendered 122,608 shares of our common stock previously acquired in consideration of the full aggregate exercise price in accordance with the terms of the option and the 2015 Plan. The shares tendere d are recorded as treasury stock within the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements at March 31, 2026. The fair value of stock options granted was estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option pricing model based on the following range of assumptions:
|  | THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, |
|  | 2026 |  |  | 2025 |
Expected option life (years) |  | 5.00 - 6.08 |  |  | 5.67 - 6.08 |
Risk-free interest rate |  | 3.62% - 4.02% |  |  | 4.03% - 4.52% |
Expected volatility |  | 117.24% - 120.71% |  |  | 118.46% - 119.98% |
Expected dividend yield |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 0 | %
The aggregate intrinsic value of options is calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the stock options and the fair value of the Company’s common stock for those stock options that had exercise prices lower than the fair value of the common stock as of the end of the period. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was zero and $0.4 million, respectively. Restricted and Performance Stock Units Under the terms of the restricted stock unit (RSU) agreements covering the common stock, shares of common stock related to restricted stock units are subject to time-based vesting. The RSU will immediately be forfeited to the Company if the relationship between the recipient and the Company ceases. The aggregate fair value of RSUs that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was zero an d $1.9 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2026, there are no unvested or outstanding RSUs. A summary of the Company's performance stock unit (PSU) activity and related information is summarized as follows:
|  | NUMBER OF SHARES OPTIONS |  |  | WEIGHTED- AVERAGE GRANT DATE FAIR VALUE |
Unvested at December 31, 2025 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Granted |  |  | 300,000 |  |  |  | 4.95 |
Vested |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Forfeited |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Unvested at March 31, 2026 |  |  | 300,000 |  |  | $ | 4.95 |
Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation expense for th e three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was classified in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) as follows (in thousands):
|  | THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, |
|  | 2026 |  |  | 2025 |
Research and development |  | $ | 604 |  |  | $ | (126 | )
General and administrative |  |  | 848 |  |  |  | 440 |
Total stock-based compensation expense |  | $ | 1,452 |  |  | $ | 314 |
As of March 31, 2026, total unrecognized compensation cost related to the unvested stock-based awards was $21.3 million, including $0.6 million related to PSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.09 years.

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