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Available-for-sale Securities and Fair Value on Financial Instruments | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Available-for-sale Securities and Fair Value on Financial Instruments | Note 3. Available-for-sale Securities and Fair Value on Financial Instruments Available-for-sale Securities The following is a summary of available-for-sale securities at December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
|  | December 31, 2018 |
|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gain |  |  | Gross Unrealized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |
Money market funds |  | $ | 6,167 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,167 |
United States government agency securities |  |  | 15,971 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (23 | ) |  |  | 15,948 |
Corporate debt securities |  |  | 73,028 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | (260 | ) |  |  | 72,770 |
Total available-for-sale securities |  | $ | 95,166 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | (283 | ) |  | $ | 94,885 |
The following is a summary of available-for-sale securities at December 31, 2017 (in thousands):
|  | December 31, 2017 |
|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gain |  |  | Gross Unrealized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |
Money market funds |  | $ | 3,758 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,758 |
United States government agency securities |  |  | 11,252 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (24 | ) |  |  | 11,228 |
Corporate debt securities |  |  | 35,858 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (73 | ) |  |  | 35,785 |
Total available-for-sale securities |  | $ | 50,868 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (97 | ) |  | $ | 50,771 |
Available-for-sale securities at December 31, 2018 and 2017, consisted of the following by contractual maturity (in thousands):
|  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |
|  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Fair Value |
One year or less |  | $ | 85,227 |  |  | $ | 84,957 |  |  | $ | 38,836 |  |  | $ | 38,781 |
Greater than one year and less than five years |  |  | 9,939 |  |  |  | 9,928 |  |  |  | 12,032 |  |  |  | 11,990 |
Total available-for-sale securities |  | $ | 95,166 |  |  | $ | 94,885 |  |  | $ | 50,868 |  |  | $ | 50,771 |
The following tables show all available-for-sale marketable securities in an unrealized loss position for which an other-than-temporary impairment has not been recognized and the related gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position (in thousands):
| December 31, 2018 |
| Less than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or Greater |  |  | Total |
| Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |
United States government agency securities | $ | 14,948 |  |  | $ | (22 | ) |  | $ | 999 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 15,947 |  |  | $ | (23 | )
Corporate debt securities |  | 60,813 |  |  |  | (231 | ) |  |  | 9,976 |  |  |  | (29 | ) |  |  | 70,789 |  |  |  | (260 | )
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 75,761 |  |  | $ | (253 | ) |  | $ | 10,975 |  |  | $ | (30 | ) |  | $ | 86,736 |  |  | $ | (283 | )
| December 31, 2017 |
| Less than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or Greater |  |  | Total |
| Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Loss |
United States government agency securities | $ | 8,729 |  |  | $ | (24 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,729 |  |  | $ | (24 | )
Corporate debt securities |  | 35,785 |  |  |  | (73 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 35,785 |  |  |  | (73 | )
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 44,514 |  |  | $ | (97 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 44,514 |  |  | $ | (97 | )
As of December 31, 2018, the Company considered the declines in market value of its marketable securities investment portfolio to be temporary in nature and did not consider any of its investments other-than-temporarily impaired. The Company typically invests in highly-rated securities, and its investment policy limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. The policy generally requires investments to be investment grade, with the primary objective of minimizing the potential risk of principal loss. Fair values were determined for each individual security in the investment portfolio. When evaluating an investment for other-than-temporary impairment, the Company reviews factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below its cost basis, the financial condition of the issuer and any changes thereto, changes in market interest rates, and the Company’s intent to sell, or whether it is more likely than not it will be required to sell, the investment before recovery of the investment’s cost basis. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment loss. The Company has no current requirement or intent to sell the securities in an unrealized loss position. The Company expects to recover up to (or beyond) the initial cost of investment for securities held. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company sold zero, 346,700 and 50,000 shares of Aduro Biotech, Inc., or Aduro, common stock, respectively, and recognized zero, $3.5 million, and $0.8 million gross realized gains respectively, which were reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income into “Other income, net” on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had no remaining investment in Aduro’s common stock. The Company did not record any gross realized losses during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Fair Value Disclosures The Company uses certain assumptions that market participants would use to determine the fair value of an asset or liability in pricing the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The identification of market participant assumptions provides a basis for determining what inputs are to be used for pricing each asset or liability. A fair value hierarchy has been established which gives precedence to fair value measurements calculated using observable inputs over those using unobservable inputs. This hierarchy prioritized the inputs into three broad levels as follows:
| • | Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments
| • | Level 2: Other significant observable inputs (including quoted prices in active markets for similar instruments)
| • | Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs (including assumptions in determining the fair value of certain investments)
Money market funds are highly liquid investments and are actively traded. The pricing information on these investment instruments are readily available and can be independently validated as of the measurement date. This approach results in the classification of these securities as Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. To estimate the fair value of Level 2 debt securities as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s primary pricing service relies on inputs from multiple industry-recognized pricing sources to determine the price for each investment. Corporate debt and U.S. government agency securities are systematically priced by this service as of the close of business each business day. If the primary pricing service does not price a specific asset a secondary pricing service is utilized. The fair values of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities were determined using the following inputs at December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
|  | Balance sheet |  |  |  |  |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs |
|  | classification |  | Total |  |  | (Level 1) |  |  | (Level 2) |  |  | (Level 3) |
Money market funds |  | Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 6,167 |  |  | $ | 6,167 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
United States government agency securities |  | Short-term investments |  |  | 15,948 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15,948 |  |  |  | — |
Corporate debt securities |  | Short-term investments |  |  | 72,770 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 72,770 |  |  |  | — |
Total financial assets |  |  |  | $ | 94,885 |  |  | $ | 6,167 |  |  | $ | 88,718 |  |  | $ | — |
The fair values of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities were determined using the following inputs at December 31, 2017 (in thousands):
|  | Balance sheet |  |  |  |  |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs |
|  | classification |  | Total |  |  | (Level 1) |  |  | (Level 2) |  |  | (Level 3) |
Money market funds |  | Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 3,758 |  |  | $ | 3,758 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
United States government agency securities |  | Short-term investments |  |  | 11,228 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 11,228 |  |  |  | — |
Corporate debt securities |  | Short-term investments |  |  | 35,785 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 35,785 |  |  |  | — |
Total financial assets |  |  |  | $ | 50,771 |  |  | $ | 3,758 |  |  | $ | 47,013 |  |  | $ | — |
The Company did not have any transfers among fair value measurement levels during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2155941 + Details
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