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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Sep. 27, 2019
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate varies from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% due to results of foreign operations that are subject to income taxes at different statutory rates and certain jurisdictions where we cannot recognize tax benefits on current losses. During interim periods, we accrue tax expenses for jurisdictions that are anticipated to be profitable for fiscal 2020.
The determination of our income taxes for the three months ended September 27, 2019 and September 28, 2018 was based on our estimated annual effective tax rate adjusted for losses in certain jurisdictions for which no tax benefit can be recognized. Our tax expense for the three months ended September 27, 2019 was primarily due to tax expense related to profitable subsidiaries and a $0.6 million increase in our reserves for uncertain tax positions. The tax benefit for the three months ended September 28, 2018 was primarily due to tax expense related to profitable subsidiaries, net against the $1.6 million release of valuation allowance due to the potential foreign tax refund to be received from the Department of Federal Revenue of Brazil.
We continue to record a partial valuation allowance on our U.S. deferred tax assets which primarily represent future income tax benefits associated with our operating losses. Realization of our deferred tax assets is dependent on generating sufficient pre-tax book income in future periods. Although we believe it is more likely than not that future income will be sufficient to allow us to recover the value of a portion of our U.S. deferred tax assets, realization is not assured and future events could cause us to change our judgment. If future events cause us to conclude that it is not more likely than not that we will be able to recover more or less of the current anticipated portion of deferred tax assets, we would be required to either decrease or increase the valuation allowance on our deferred tax assets at that time, which would result in a charge to income tax expense (benefit) and a material increase or decrease in net income in the period in which we change our judgment. During the first quarter of fiscal 2020, we did not record any adjustment to valuation allowance on our U.S. deferred tax assets.
We entered into a tax sharing agreement with Harris Corporation (Harris) effective on January 26, 2007, the acquisition date of Stratex. The tax sharing agreement addresses, among other things, the settlement process associated with pre-merger tax liabilities and tax attributes that were attributable to the Microwave Communication Division when it was a division of Harris. There have been no settlement payments recorded since the acquisition date.
We have a number of open income tax audits covering various tax years, which vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Our major tax jurisdictions where audits are pending include Singapore, Nigeria, and Saudi Arabia. The earliest years that are open and subject to potential audits are as follows: U.S. - 2003; Singapore - 2011; Nigeria - 2006: Saudi Arabia - 2010, and Ivory Coast - 2016.
We account for interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as part of our provision for federal, foreign and state income taxes. Such interest expense was not material for the three months ended September 27, 2019 and September 28, 2018.