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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2013
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Reconciliation of Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate

A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate is as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
         2011             2012             2013      

Federal statutory income tax rate

     (34.0 %)      (34.0 %)      (34.0 %) 

Federal and state research and development tax credit

     (6.4     (1.2     (9.0

Orphan drug tax credit

     —          —          (3.1

State taxes, net of federal benefit

     (5.4     (5.0     (4.0

Meals and entertainment

     0.1        —          —     

Stock-based compensation expense

     0.2        0.2        0.6   

Nondeductible Australia research and development expenses

     —          1.8        4.1   

Change in deferred tax asset valuation allowance

     45.5        38.2        45.4   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effective income tax rate

     0.0     0.0     0.0
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
Schedule of Net Deferred tax Assets

Net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2012 and 2013 consisted of the following:

 

     December 31,  
         2012             2013      

Accrued expenses

   $ 46      $ 18   

Other temporary differences

     1        2   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current deferred tax assets

     47        20   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Noncurrent deferred tax assets:

    

Capitalized research and development expenses

     16,676        19,856   

Net operating loss carryforwards

     3,209        4,021   

Tax credit carryforwards

     3,656        5,579   

Capitalized legal expenses

     385        790   

Stock-based compensation

     33        91   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total noncurrent deferred tax assets

     23,959        30,337   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total gross deferred tax assets

     24,006        30,357   

Valuation allowance

     (24,006     (30,357
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net deferred tax assets

   $ —        $ —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
Summary of Changes in the Valuation Allowance for Deferred Tax Assets

Changes in the valuation allowance for deferred tax assets during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2012 and 2013 related primarily to the increase in net operating loss carryforwards, capitalized research and development expenses and research and development tax credit carryforwards and were as follows:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
         2011              2012              2013      

Valuation allowance as of beginning of year

   $ 12,748       $ 18,744       $ 24,006   

Decreases recorded as benefit to income tax provision

     —           —           —     

Increases recorded to income tax provision

     5,996         5,262         6,351   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Valuation allowance as of end of year

   $ 18,744       $ 24,006       $ 30,357