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INCOME TAXES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign
Income tax expense (benefit). Pre-tax income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 consisted of the following (in thousands): 
 202320222021
Canada operations  $5,524 $3,040 $2,498 
Foreign operations34,839 7,692 3,375 
Total$40,363 $10,732 $5,873 
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
The components of the income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 consisted of the following (in thousands): 
 202320222021
Current:
Canada 
$142 $31 $141 
Foreign3,685 194 165 
Total$3,827 $225 $306 
Deferred:
Canada 
$— $— $— 
Foreign6,806 4,177 3,070 
Total$6,806 $4,177 $3,070 
Net income tax expense (benefit)$10,633 $4,402 $3,376 
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
The net income tax expense (benefit) differs from an amount computed at Canadian statutory rates as follows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
 202320222021
Canadian federal tax benefit at statutory rates $6,054 15.0 %$1,610 15.0 %$779 13.3 %
Canadian provincial income tax497 1.2 %282 2.6 %215 3.7 %
Effect of foreign income tax, net 5,481 13.6 %1,809 16.9 %1,189 20.2 %
Valuation allowance (2,556)(6.3)%153 1.4 %1,028 17.5 %
Noncontrolling interest125 0.3 %(562)(5.2)%— — %
Non-deductible compensation1,009 2.5 %808 7.5 %526 9.0 %
Unrealized intercompany foreign currency translation gain(148)(0.4)%(250)(2.3)%(708)(12.1)%
Deemed income from foreign subsidiaries322 0.8 %331 3.1 %297 5.1 %
Other, net(151)(0.4)%221 2.0 %50 0.8 %
Net income tax expense (benefit)$10,633 26.3 %$4,402 41.0 %$3,376 57.5 %
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Deferred Tax Liabilities and Assets. The significant items giving rise to the deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands): 
 20232022
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss 
$54,274 $75,326 
Employee benefits 
1,796 2,810 
Deductible goodwill and other intangibles 
48,201 48,432 
Land3,461 3,159 
Other reserves 
7,890 7,439 
Deferred revenue 2,381 — 
Operating lease liabilities
3,199 4,133 
Capital losses2,036 1,930 
Other 
1,770 2,303 
Deferred tax assets125,008 145,532 
Valuation allowance 
(78,769)(82,905)
Deferred tax assets, net 
$46,239 $62,627 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangibles$(18,949)$(20,098)
Depreciation(36,048)(43,394)
Operating lease right-of-use assets
(3,045)(3,913)
Deferred tax liabilities 
(58,042)(67,405)
Net deferred tax liabilities, net$(11,803)$(4,778)
Summary Of Operating Loss and Tax Credit Carry forwards
NOL Carryforwards. The following table summarizes net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards at December 31, 2023 (in thousands): 
 AmountExpiration Period
Net operating loss carryforwards:
Canada – Federal and provincial$144,242 Begins to expire in 2035
U.S. – Federal  34,028 Begins to expire in 2036
U.S. – Federal  30,655 Does not expire
U.S. – State, tax effected6,073 Begins to expire in 2024
Summary of Valuation Allowance
Changes in our valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows (in thousands): 
 
Balance as of December 31, 2021$(85,351)
Change in income tax provision(153)
Other change(1,178)
Foreign currency translation3,777 
Balance as of December 31, 2022(82,905)
Change in income tax provision2,556 
Other change1,767 
Foreign currency translation(187)
Balance as of December 31, 2023$(78,769)