Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Notes to Financial Statements
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]	Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies Discontinued Operations We review the presentation of planned or completed business dispositions in the consolidated financial statements based on the available information and events that have occurred. The review consists of evaluating whether the business meets the definition of a component for which the operations and cash flows are clearly distinguishable from the other components of the business and, if so, whether it is anticipated that after the disposal the cash flows of the component would be eliminated from continuing operations and whether the disposition represents a strategic shift that has a major effect on operations and financial results. Planned or completed business dispositions are presented as discontinued operations when all the criteria described above are met. For those divestitures that qualify as discontinued operations, all comparative periods presented are reclassified in the consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, the results of operations of a discontinued operation are reclassified to income from discontinued operations, net of tax, for all periods presented in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Results of discontinued operations include all revenues and expenses directly derived from such businesses. General corporate overhead is not allocated to discontinued operations. The OMIDRIA asset sale to Rayner qualifies as a discontinued operation and has been presented as such for all reporting periods presented. The Company included information regarding cash flows from discontinued operations (see “Note 7 – Discontinued Operations – Sale of OMIDRIA”). OMIDRIA Royalties, Milestones and Contract Royalty Assets We have rights to receive future royalties from Rayner on OMIDRIA net sales at royalty rates that vary based on geography and certain regulatory contingencies. Therefore, future OMIDRIA royalties are treated as variable consideration. The sale of OMIDRIA qualified as an asset sale under GAAP. To measure the OMIDRIA contract royalty asset, we used the expected value approach which is the sum of the discounted probability-weighted royalty payments, we would receive using a range of potential outcomes, to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative income recognized will not occur. As contemplated by the Asset Purchase Agreement, the royalty rate applicable to U.S. net sales of OMIDRIA was reduced from 50% to 30% upon the occurrence, in December 2022, of the event triggering the $200.0 million Milestone Payment. The reduction in our royalty rate to 30% continues until the expiration or termination of the last issued and unexpired U.S. patent, which we expect to occur no earlier than 2035. Consequently, we revalued the OMIDRIA contract royalty asset using the 30% royalty rate on U.S. net sales and adjusted the probability weighted outcomes to reflect the occurrence of the Milestone Event. Royalties earned are recorded as a reduction to the OMIDRIA contract royalty asset. The amount recorded in discontinued operations in future periods will reflect interest earned on the outstanding OMIDRIA contract royalty asset at 11.0% and any amounts we receive that are different from the expected royalties. The OMIDRIA contract royalty asset is re-measured periodically using the expected value approach based on actual results and future expectations. Any required adjustment to the OMIDRIA contract royalty asset is recorded in discontinued operations. OMIDRIA Royalty Obligation On September 30, 2022, we sold to DRI an interest in a portion of our future OMIDRIA royalty receipts for a purchase price of $125.0 million and recorded as an “OMIDRIA royalty obligation” on our consolidated balance sheet. The liability is amortized over the term of the arrangement using the implied effective interest rate of 9.4%. Interest expense is recorded as a component of continuing operations. To the extent our estimates of future royalties are less than previous estimates, we will adjust the carrying amount of the OMIDRIA royalty obligation to the present value of the revised estimated cash flows, discounted at the effective interest rate utilizing the cumulative catch-up method. The adjustment would be recognized as a component of net income (loss) from continuing operations (see “Note 8 - OMIDRIA Royalty Obligation”). Cash and Cash Equivalents, Short-Term Investments and Restricted Investments Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less on the date of purchase which can be easily converted into cash without a significant impact to their value. Short-term investment securities are classified as held-to-maturity. Investments classified as held-to-maturity are carried at cost. Amortization, accretion, interest, and dividends, realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary are included in other income. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific-identification method. Investments with maturities of less than one year, or those for which management intends to use the investments to fund current operations, are included in current assets. We evaluate whether an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired based on the specific facts and circumstances. Factors that are considered in determining whether an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred include: the market value of the security in relation to its cost basis; the financial condition of the investee; and the intent and ability to retain the investment for a sufficient period of time to allow for recovery in the market value of the investment. Restricted investments held in money-market funds include security deposits held by our landlord. Investment income, which is included as a component of other income, consists primarily of interest earned. Inventory We expense inventory costs related to product candidates as research and development expenses until regulatory approval is reasonably assured in the U.S. or the European Union (“EU”). Once approval is reasonably assured, costs, including amounts related to third-party manufacturing, transportation and internal labor and overhead, will be capitalized. Receivables Receivables at December 31, 2023 primarily consist of royalties receivable from Rayner. Receivables at December 31, 2022 also included the $200.0 million Milestone Payment which we received in February 2023. Considering the nature of our receivables, we concluded an allowance for doubtful accounts was not necessary as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment are stated at cost, and depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets, which is generally three to 10 years. Equipment acquired through finance leases is recorded as property and equipment and is amortized over the shorter of the useful lives of the related assets or the lease term. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Convertible Senior Notes On January 1, 2021, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion Options (Subtopic 470.20 and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) on a modified retrospective basis. ASU 2020-06 removed the separate liability and equity accounting for our convertible senior notes that was required under previous guidance and allows us to account for our convertible senior notes wholly as debt. Upon adoption, we removed the equity component allocated to debt issuance costs. Transactions involving contemporaneous exchanges of cash between the same debtor and creditor in connection with the issuance of a new debt obligation and satisfaction of an existing debt obligation are evaluated as a modification or an extinguishment depending on whether the exchange is determined to have substantially different terms. We extinguished the 6.25% convertible senior notes (the “2023 Notes”) at par upon maturity on November 15, 2023. In December 2023, we repurchased $9.1 million par value of our 5.25% convertible senior notes (“2026 Notes”) at a discount, realizing a $4.1 million non-cash gain on extinguishment. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets We assess the impairment of long-lived assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparing the carrying value to future undiscounted cash flows that the asset is expected to generate. If the asset is impaired, the amount of any impairment will be reflected in the results of operations in the period of impairment. We have not recognized any impairment losses for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Revenue Recognition When we enter into a customer contract, we perform the following five steps: (i) identify the contract with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation. Prior to the sale of OMIDRIA to Rayner, we recorded product sales as revenue when the product was delivered to our wholesalers and title for the product was transferred. Product sales were recorded net of wholesaler distribution fees and estimated chargebacks, rebates, returns and purchase-volume discounts. Research and Development Research and development expenses are comprised primarily of contracted research, clinical trial study and manufacturing costs prior to approval; consulting services; contract milestones; materials and supplies; costs for personnel, including salaries, benefits and stock compensation; depreciation; an allocation of our occupancy costs; and other expenses incurred to sustain our overall research and development programs. Advance payments for goods or services that will be used for future research and development activities are deferred and then recognized as an expense as the related goods are delivered or the services are performed. All other research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Selling, General and Administrative Selling, general and administrative expenses are comprised primarily of marketing and selling expenses; professional and legal services; patent costs; and salaries, benefits, and stock-compensation costs for sales, marketing, and other personnel not directly engaged in research and development. Additionally, selling, general and administrative expenses include depreciation; an allocation of our occupancy costs; and other general corporate expenses. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. We had no advertising costs during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we incurred $0.8 million in advertising costs related to our sales of OMIDRIA. Income Taxes Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. We recognize the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained upon an examination. A valuation allowance is established when it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation expense is recognized for all share-based payments, including grants of stock option awards and restricted stock units (“RSU”) based on estimated fair values. The fair value of our stock is calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires judgmental assumptions around volatility, forfeiture rates, risk-free rate and expected term. Compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service periods, which is generally the vesting period, using the straight-line method. Forfeiture expense is estimated at the time of grant and revised in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Common Stock Repurchases We may repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time under authorization made by our Board of Directors. Under applicable Washington State law, repurchased shares are retired and not presented separately as treasury stock on the consolidated financial statements. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net income (loss) and certain changes in equity that are excluded from net income (loss). There was no difference between comprehensive income (loss) and net income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Financial Instruments and Concentrations of Credit Risk Cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, which are recorded at invoiced amount or cost, approximate fair value based on the short-term nature of these financial instruments. The fair value of short-term investments is based on quoted market prices. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and receivables. Cash and cash equivalents are held by financial institutions and are federally insured up to certain limits. At times, our cash and cash equivalents balance held at a financial institution may exceeds the federally insured limits. To limit the credit risk, we invest our excess cash in high-quality securities such as money market mutual funds, certificates of deposit and U.S. treasury bills. Recent Accounting Pronouncements In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosure (Topic 740), to enhance the transparency of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 provides enhancements to the income tax disclosures related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years after December 15, 2025 and applied prospectively. The Company is evaluating the impact of this pronouncement on its consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block]

Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies

Discontinued Operations

We review the presentation of planned or completed business dispositions in the consolidated financial statements based on the available information and events that have occurred. The review consists of evaluating whether the business meets the definition of a component for which the operations and cash flows are clearly distinguishable from the other components of the business and, if so, whether it is anticipated that after the disposal the cash flows of the component would be eliminated from continuing operations and whether the disposition represents a strategic shift that has a major effect on operations and financial results.

Planned or completed business dispositions are presented as discontinued operations when all the criteria described above are met. For those divestitures that qualify as discontinued operations, all comparative periods presented are reclassified in the consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, the results of operations of a discontinued operation are reclassified to income from discontinued operations, net of tax, for all periods presented in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Results of discontinued operations include all revenues and expenses directly derived from such businesses. General corporate overhead is not allocated to discontinued operations. The OMIDRIA asset sale to Rayner qualifies as a discontinued operation and has been presented as such for all reporting periods presented. The Company included information regarding cash flows from discontinued operations (see “Note 7 – Discontinued Operations – Sale of OMIDRIA”).

OMIDRIA Royalties, Milestones and Contract Royalty Assets

We have rights to receive future royalties from Rayner on OMIDRIA net sales at royalty rates that vary based on geography and certain regulatory contingencies. Therefore, future OMIDRIA royalties are treated as variable consideration. The sale of OMIDRIA qualified as an asset sale under GAAP. To measure the OMIDRIA contract royalty asset, we used the expected value approach which is the sum of the discounted probability-weighted royalty payments, we would receive using a range of potential outcomes, to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative income recognized will not occur. As contemplated by the Asset Purchase Agreement, the royalty rate applicable to U.S. net sales of OMIDRIA was reduced from 50% to 30% upon the occurrence, in December 2022, of the event triggering the $200.0 million Milestone Payment. The reduction in our royalty rate to 30% continues until the expiration or termination of the last issued and unexpired U.S. patent, which we expect to occur no earlier than 2035. Consequently, we revalued the OMIDRIA contract royalty asset using the 30% royalty rate on U.S. net sales and adjusted the probability weighted outcomes to reflect the occurrence of the Milestone Event. Royalties earned are recorded as a reduction to the OMIDRIA contract royalty asset. The amount recorded in discontinued operations in future periods will reflect interest earned on the outstanding OMIDRIA contract royalty asset at 11.0% and any amounts we receive that are different from the expected royalties. The OMIDRIA contract royalty asset is re-measured periodically using the expected value approach based on actual results and future expectations. Any required adjustment to the OMIDRIA contract royalty asset is recorded in discontinued operations.

OMIDRIA Royalty Obligation

On September 30, 2022, we sold to DRI an interest in a portion of our future OMIDRIA royalty receipts for a purchase price of $125.0 million and recorded as an “OMIDRIA royalty obligation” on our consolidated balance sheet. The liability is amortized over the term of the arrangement using the implied effective interest rate of 9.4%. Interest expense is recorded as a component of continuing operations.

To the extent our estimates of future royalties are less than previous estimates, we will adjust the carrying amount of the OMIDRIA royalty obligation to the present value of the revised estimated cash flows, discounted at the effective interest rate utilizing the cumulative catch-up method. The adjustment would be recognized as a component of net income (loss) from continuing operations (see “Note 8 - OMIDRIA Royalty Obligation”).

Cash and Cash Equivalents, Short-Term Investments and Restricted Investments

Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less on the date of purchase which can be easily converted into cash without a significant impact to their value. Short-term investment securities are classified as held-to-maturity. Investments classified as held-to-maturity are carried at cost. Amortization, accretion, interest, and dividends, realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be other-than-temporary are included in other income. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific-identification method. Investments with maturities of less than one year, or those for which management intends to use the investments to fund current operations, are included in current assets. We evaluate whether an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired based on the specific facts and circumstances. Factors that are considered in determining whether an other-than-temporary decline in value has occurred include: the market value of the security in relation to its cost basis; the financial condition of the investee; and the intent and ability to retain the investment for a sufficient period of time to allow for recovery in the market value of the investment. Restricted investments held in money-market funds include security deposits held by our landlord.

Investment income, which is included as a component of other income, consists primarily of interest earned.

Inventory

We expense inventory costs related to product candidates as research and development expenses until regulatory approval is reasonably assured in the U.S. or the European Union (“EU”). Once approval is reasonably assured, costs, including amounts related to third-party manufacturing, transportation and internal labor and overhead, will be capitalized.

Receivables

Receivables at December 31, 2023 primarily consist of royalties receivable from Rayner. Receivables at December 31, 2022 also included the $200.0 million Milestone Payment which we received in February 2023. Considering the nature of our receivables, we concluded an allowance for doubtful accounts was not necessary as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment are stated at cost, and depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the assets, which is generally three to 10 years. Equipment acquired through finance leases is recorded as property and equipment and is amortized over the shorter of the useful lives of the related assets or the lease term. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

Convertible Senior Notes

On January 1, 2021, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion Options (Subtopic 470.20 and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) on a modified retrospective basis. ASU 2020-06 removed the separate liability and equity accounting for our convertible senior notes that was required under previous guidance and allows us to account for our convertible senior notes wholly as debt. Upon adoption, we removed the equity component allocated to debt issuance costs.

Transactions involving contemporaneous exchanges of cash between the same debtor and creditor in connection with the issuance of a new debt obligation and satisfaction of an existing debt obligation are evaluated as a modification or an extinguishment depending on whether the exchange is determined to have substantially different terms. We extinguished the 6.25% convertible senior notes (the “2023 Notes”) at par upon maturity on November 15, 2023. In December 2023, we repurchased $9.1 million par value of our 5.25% convertible senior notes (“2026 Notes”) at a discount, realizing a $4.1 million non-cash gain on extinguishment.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We assess the impairment of long-lived assets, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of these assets is measured by comparing the carrying value to future undiscounted cash flows that the asset is expected to generate. If the asset is impaired, the amount of any impairment will be reflected in the results of operations in the period of impairment. We have not recognized any impairment losses for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Revenue Recognition

When we enter into a customer contract, we perform the following five steps: (i) identify the contract with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy a performance obligation.

Prior to the sale of OMIDRIA to Rayner, we recorded product sales as revenue when the product was delivered to our wholesalers and title for the product was transferred. Product sales were recorded net of wholesaler distribution fees and estimated chargebacks, rebates, returns and purchase-volume discounts.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses are comprised primarily of contracted research, clinical trial study and manufacturing costs prior to approval; consulting services; contract milestones; materials and supplies; costs for personnel, including salaries, benefits and stock compensation; depreciation; an allocation of our occupancy costs; and other expenses incurred to sustain our overall research and development programs. Advance payments for goods or services that will be used for future research and development activities are deferred and then recognized as an expense as the related goods are delivered or the services are performed. All other research and development costs are expensed as incurred.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative expenses are comprised primarily of marketing and selling expenses; professional and legal services; patent costs; and salaries, benefits, and stock-compensation costs for sales, marketing, and other personnel not directly engaged in research and development. Additionally, selling, general and administrative expenses include depreciation; an allocation of our occupancy costs; and other general corporate expenses. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. We had no advertising costs during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we incurred $0.8 million in advertising costs related to our sales of OMIDRIA.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. We recognize the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained upon an examination. A valuation allowance is established when it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense is recognized for all share-based payments, including grants of stock option awards and restricted stock units (“RSU”) based on estimated fair values. The fair value of our stock is calculated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, which requires judgmental assumptions around volatility, forfeiture rates, risk-free rate and expected term. Compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service periods, which is generally the vesting period, using the straight-line method. Forfeiture expense is estimated at the time of grant and revised in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

Common Stock Repurchases

We may repurchase shares of our common stock from time to time under authorization made by our Board of Directors. Under applicable Washington State law, repurchased shares are retired and not presented separately as treasury stock on the consolidated financial statements.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net income (loss) and certain changes in equity that are excluded from net income (loss). There was no difference between comprehensive income (loss) and net income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Financial Instruments and Concentrations of Credit Risk

Cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, which are recorded at invoiced amount or cost, approximate fair value based on the short-term nature of these financial instruments. The fair value of short-term investments is based on quoted market prices. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and receivables. Cash and cash equivalents are held by financial institutions and are federally insured up to certain limits. At times, our cash and cash equivalents balance held at a financial institution may exceeds the federally insured limits. To limit the credit risk, we invest our excess cash in high-quality securities such as money market mutual funds, certificates of deposit and U.S. treasury bills.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosure (Topic 740), to enhance the transparency of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 provides enhancements to the income tax disclosures related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years after December 15, 2025 and applied prospectively. The Company is evaluating the impact of this pronouncement on its consolidated financial statements.