EX-99.1 2 ex991q32019earningspre.htm EXHIBIT 99.1
DENNY’S CORPORATION REPORTS RESULTS FOR THIRD QUARTER 2019
SPARTANBURG, S.C., October 29, 2019 - Denny’s Corporation (NASDAQ: DENN), franchisor and operator of one of America's largest franchised full-service restaurant chains, today reported results for its third quarter ended September 25, 2019.
Third Quarter 2019 Highlights

• | Sold 56 company restaurants to franchisees.

• | Total Operating Revenue was $124.3 million.

• | Domestic system-wide same-store sales** grew 1.1%, including an increase of 1.2% at domestic franchised restaurants and a decrease of 0.2% at company restaurants.

• | Franchisees completed 31 restaurant remodels.

• | Operating Income was $68.2 million.

• | Franchise Operating Margin* was $29.5 million, or 48.7% of franchise and license revenue, and Company Restaurant Operating Margin* was $9.3 million, or 14.6% of company restaurant sales.

• | Net Income was $49.1 million, or $0.80 per diluted share.

• | Adjusted Net Income* was $11.2 million, or $0.18 per diluted share.

• | Adjusted EBITDA* was $24.2 million.

• | Adjusted Free Cash Flow* was $3.7 million.

• | Repurchased $12.8 million of common stock.

John Miller, President and Chief Executive Officer, stated, “Growth in domestic system-wide same-store sales** and Adjusted Net Income Per Share* reflected the strength of our business during a challenging third quarter for the restaurant industry. We expect to be substantially complete with the successful execution of our refranchising and development strategy by the end of 2019, and believe these efforts further our positioning as a franchisor of choice, providing more focused support services. Upon completion, this strategy is expected to result in a higher quality, more asset-light business model and the creation of additional stakeholder value."
1

Third Quarter Results
Denny’s total operating revenue was $124.3 million compared to $158.0 million in the prior year quarter. Company restaurant sales were $63.6 million compared to $103.6 million in the prior year quarter primarily due to a reduction in the number of equivalent company restaurants resulting from the Company's refranchising and development strategy. Franchise and license revenue was $60.7 million compared to $54.4 million in the prior year quarter. This change was primarily due to the impact of the Company's refranchising and development strategy.
Company Restaurant Operating Margin* was $9.3 million, or 14.6% of company restaurant sales, compared to $15.8 million, or 15.2%, in the prior year quarter. This margin rate change was primarily due to increases in other operating costs and occupancy expense. Other operating costs were impacted by an increase in repairs and maintenance costs related to the sale of company restaurants and unfavorable legal settlement costs. Occupancy expense was impacted by higher property insurance costs, unfavorable general liability experience, and refranchising restaurants where we own the real estate. These cost increases were partially offset by a decrease in payroll and benefits costs from the leveraging benefit of refranchising restaurants.
Franchise Operating Margin* was $29.5 million, or 48.7% of franchise and license revenue, compared to $26.2 million, or 48.2%, in the prior year quarter. This margin rate expansion was driven by the Company's refranchising and development strategy which yielded an improved occupancy margin and an increase in royalty revenue.
Total general and administrative expenses were $16.4 million, compared to $16.0 million in the prior year quarter. This change was primarily due to higher share-based compensation expense, partially offset by a $0.7 million reduction in personnel costs. Interest expense, net was $4.2 million, compared to $5.3 million in the prior year quarter. This change was primarily due to the decrease in the credit facility balance. Denny’s ended the quarter with $230.2 million of total debt outstanding, including $213.0 million of borrowings under its revolving credit facility.
The provision for income taxes was $15.3 million, reflecting an effective tax rate of 23.7%. Given the Company's utilization of tax credit carryforwards, approximately $5.9 million in cash taxes was paid during the quarter.
Net income was $49.1 million, or $0.80 per diluted share, compared to $10.8 million, or $0.16 per diluted share, in the prior year quarter. Adjusted Net Income Per Share* was $0.18 compared to $0.17 in the prior year quarter.
Adjusted Free Cash Flow* and Capital Allocation
Denny’s generated $3.7 million of Adjusted Free Cash Flow* in the quarter after investing $10.6 million in cash capital expenditures, including facilities maintenance and real estate acquisitions.
During the quarter, the Company allocated $12.8 million to share repurchases. Between the end of the third quarter and October 28, 2019, the Company allocated an additional $7.9 million to share repurchases resulting in $58.7 million allocated towards share repurchases year to date. As of October 28, 2019, the Company had approximately $70 million remaining in authorized share repurchases under its existing $200 million share repurchase authorization.
2

Adoption of Topic 842 and Lease Accounting Impact
Effective December 27, 2018, the first day of fiscal 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 842. The new guidance established a right-of-use (“ROU”) model that requires lessees to recognize a ROU asset and a lease liability for all leases with terms greater than 12 months. Denny's elected to apply the modified retrospective transition approach as of the date of initial application without restating comparative period financial statements.
Upon adoption of Topic 842, operating lease liabilities of $101.3 million and ROU assets of $94.1 million related to existing operating leases were recorded. In addition, the Company recorded a cumulative effect adjustment increasing the opening deficit by $0.4 million and deferred tax assets by $0.1 million. The lease liabilities were based on the present value of remaining rental payments under previous leasing standards for existing operating leases primarily related to real estate leases. Exit cost and straight-line lease liabilities that existed at the adoption date were reclassified against the ROU assets upon adoption. The amount recorded to opening deficit represents the initial impairment of ROU assets, net of the deferred tax impact.
Refranchising and Development Strategy
Following a refranchising strategy announced in October 2018, the Company is migrating from a 90% franchised business model to one that is between 96% and 97% franchised. The Company anticipates the sale of between 115 and 125 total company restaurants with between 70 and 80 attached development commitments will be substantially complete by the end of 2019.
In addition to refranchising, the Company plans to upgrade the quality of its real estate portfolio through a series of like-kind exchanges. The use of refranchising proceeds and a moderate increase in leverage are expected to generate more compelling returns for stakeholders, including the return of capital.
During the quarter ended September 25, 2019, 56 company restaurants were sold to franchisees. Additionally, the Company sold two pieces of real estate during the quarter for approximately $2.1 million and also purchased two pieces of real estate for $4.8 million in a series of like-kind exchange transactions.
3

The following table summarizes the activity related to the Company's current refranchising and development strategy.

| Quarter Ended
| September 25, 2019 |  | September 26, 2018
| (Dollars in thousands)
Restaurants sold to franchisees | 56 |  |  | — |
Gains on sales of company restaurants: |  |  |
Cash proceeds | $ | 68,774 |  |  | $ | — |
Receivables | 2,976 |  |  | — |
Less: Property sold | (17,759 | ) |  | — |
Less: Goodwill | (1,705 | ) |  | — |
Less: Intangibles | (579 | ) |  | — |
Less: Deferred gain | (1,350 | ) |  | — |
Total gains of sales of company restaurants | $ | 50,357 |  |  | $ | — |
Real estate parcels sold | 2 |  |  | — |
Gains on sales of real estate: |  |  |
Cash proceeds | $ | 2,142 |  |  | $ | — |
Less: Property sold | (740 | ) |  | — |
Less: Other assets | (114 | ) |  | — |
Total gains on sales of real estate | $ | 1,288 |  |  | $ | — |

Gains on the sales of company restaurants and real estate are included as a component of operating (gains), losses and other charges, net. In addition to the proceeds noted in the table above, the Company also received front end fees and other transaction fees of approximately $3.1 million related to company restaurants sold to franchisees during the quarter.
As of September 25, 2019, the Company's assets held for sale balance included seven company restaurants at their carrying amounts of $1.4 million. Included in this total were six company restaurants that were subsequently sold in October, resulting in a total of 110 company restaurants sold to franchisees under this strategy.
4

Business Outlook
Based on third quarter results and management's expectations at this time, the Company is updating its guidance for same-store sales** and new restaurant openings, while reiterating its remaining previously announced full year 2019 guidance.

• | Same-store sales** growth at company and domestic franchised restaurants between 1.5% and 2.5% (vs. 1.0% and 3.0%).

• | 30 to 35 new restaurant openings (vs. 35 to 40), with approximately flat net restaurant growth.

• | Company Restaurant Operating Margin* between 15.0% and 16.5% and Franchise Operating Margin* between 47.0% and 48.5%.

• | Total general and administrative expenses between $71 and $74 million, including approximately $12 million related to share-based compensation and deferred compensation plan valuation adjustments.

• | Adjusted EBITDA* between $93 and $96 million.

• | Net interest expense between $21 and $23 million.

• | Effective income tax rate between 20% and 23% with cash taxes between $23 and $26 million, including between $19 and $22 million related to anticipated gains from refranchising transactions.

• | Cash capital expenditures between $38 and $43 million, including between $23 and $28 million of anticipated real estate acquisitions through like-kind exchanges.

• | Adjusted Free Cash Flow* between $7 and $10 million.

* | Please refer to the Reconciliation of Net Income to Non-GAAP Financial Measures, as well as the Reconciliation of Operating Income to Non-GAAP Financial Measures included in the following tables. The Company is not able to reconcile the forward-looking non-GAAP estimates set forth above to their most directly comparable GAAP estimates without unreasonable efforts because it is unable to predict, forecast or determine the probable significance of the items impacting these estimates, including gains, losses and other charges, with a reasonable degree of accuracy. Accordingly, the most directly comparable forward-looking GAAP estimates are not provided.

** Same-store sales include sales at company restaurants and non-consolidated franchised and licensed restaurants that were open the same period in the prior year. Total operating revenue is limited to company restaurant sales and royalties, advertising revenue, fees and occupancy revenue from non-consolidated franchised and licensed restaurants. Accordingly, domestic franchise same-store sales and domestic system-wide same-store sales should be considered as a supplement to, not a substitute for, our results as reported under GAAP.
Conference Call and Webcast Information
Denny’s will provide further commentary on the results for the third quarter ended September 25, 2019 on its quarterly investor conference call today, Tuesday, October 29, 2019 at 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time. Interested parties are invited to listen to a live broadcast of the conference call accessible through the investor relations section of Denny’s website at investor.dennys.com. A replay of the call may be accessed at the same location later in the day and will remain available for 30 days.
5

About Denny’s
Denny's Corporation is the franchisor and operator of one of America's largest franchised full-service restaurant chains, based on the number of restaurants. As of September 25, 2019, Denny’s had 1,706 franchised, licensed, and company restaurants around the world including 140 restaurants in Canada, Puerto Rico, Mexico, the Philippines, New Zealand, Honduras, the United Arab Emirates, Costa Rica, Guam, Guatemala, the United Kingdom, El Salvador, Aruba, and Indonesia. For further information on Denny's, including news releases, links to SEC filings, and other financial information, please visit the Denny's investor relations website at investor.dennys.com.

The Company urges caution in considering its current trends and any outlook on earnings disclosed in this press release. In addition, certain matters discussed in this release may constitute forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements, which reflect its best judgment based on factors currently known, are intended to speak only as of the date such statements are made and involve risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause the actual performance of Denny’s Corporation, its subsidiaries, and underlying restaurants to be materially different from the performance indicated or implied by such statements. Words such as “expect”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “intend”, “plan”, “hope”, and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Except as may be required by law, the Company expressly disclaims any obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this release or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. Factors that could cause actual performance to differ materially from the performance indicated by these forward-looking statements include, among others: competitive pressures from within the restaurant industry; the level of success of our operating initiatives and advertising and promotional efforts; adverse publicity; health concerns arising from food-related pandemics, outbreaks of flu viruses, such as avian flu, or other diseases; changes in business strategy or development plans; terms and availability of capital; regional weather conditions; overall changes in the general economy (including with regard to energy costs), particularly at the retail level; political environment (including acts of war and terrorism); and other factors from time to time set forth in the Company’s SEC reports and other filings, including but not limited to the discussion in Management’s Discussion and Analysis and the risks identified in Item 1A. Risk Factors contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 26, 2018 (and in the Company’s subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q).
Investor Contact:
Curt Nichols
877-784-7167
Media Contact:
Hadas Streit, Allison+Partners
646-428-0629
6

DENNY’S CORPORATION
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)
(In thousands) | 9/25/19 |  | 12/26/18
Assets |  |  |
| Current assets |  |  |
|  | Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,020 |  |  | $ | 5,026 |
|  | Investments | 3,188 |  |  | 1,709 |
|  | Receivables, net | 19,903 |  |  | 26,283 |
|  | Assets held for sale | 1,419 |  |  | 723 |
|  | Other current assets | 12,502 |  |  | 13,859 |
|  |  | Total current assets | 39,032 |  |  | 47,600 |
| Property, net | 98,540 |  |  | 117,251 |
| Financing lease right-of-use assets, net | 12,410 |  |  | 22,753 |
| Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | 143,371 |  |  | — |
| Goodwill | 36,884 |  |  | 39,781 |
| Intangible assets, net | 54,591 |  |  | 59,067 |
| Deferred income taxes | 21,423 |  |  | 17,333 |
| Other noncurrent assets, net | 35,180 |  |  | 31,564 |
|  |  | Total assets | $ | 441,431 |  |  | $ | 335,349 |
Liabilities |  |  |
| Current liabilities |  |  |
|  | Current finance lease liabilities | $ | 1,812 |  |  | $ | 3,410 |
|  | Current operating lease liabilities | 16,718 |  |  | — |
|  | Accounts payable | 17,705 |  |  | 29,527 |
|  | Other current liabilities | 51,618 |  |  | 61,790 |
|  |  | Total current liabilities | 87,853 |  |  | 94,727 |
| Long-term liabilities |  |  |
|  | Long-term debt | 213,000 |  |  | 286,500 |
|  | Noncurrent finance lease liabilities | 15,407 |  |  | 27,181 |
|  | Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | 137,165 |  |  | — |
|  | Other | 106,752 |  |  | 60,286 |
|  |  | Total long-term liabilities | 472,324 |  |  | 373,967 |
|  |  | Total liabilities | 560,177 |  |  | 468,694 |
Shareholders' deficit |  |  |
|  | Common stock | 1,094 |  |  | 1,086 |
|  | Paid-in capital | 604,406 |  |  | 592,944 |
|  | Deficit | (207,957 | ) |  | (306,414 | )
|  | Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax | (41,907 | ) |  | (4,146 | )
|  | Treasury stock | (474,382 | ) |  | (416,815 | )
|  |  | Total shareholders' deficit | (118,746 | ) |  | (133,345 | )
|  |  | Total liabilities and shareholders' deficit | $ | 441,431 |  |  | $ | 335,349 |
Debt Balances
(In thousands) | 9/25/19 |  | 12/26/18
Credit facility revolver due 2022 | $ | 213,000 |  |  | $ | 286,500 |
Finance lease liabilities | 17,219 |  |  | 30,591 |
| Total debt | $ | 230,219 |  |  | $ | 317,091 |

7

DENNY’S CORPORATION
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
(Unaudited)
|  |  | Quarter Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts) | 9/25/19 |  | 9/26/18
Revenue: |  |  |
| Company restaurant sales | $ | 63,582 |  |  | $ | 103,609 |
| Franchise and license revenue | 60,676 |  |  | 54,414 |
|  | Total operating revenue | 124,258 |  |  | 158,023 |
Costs of company restaurant sales, excluding depreciation and amortization | 54,306 |  |  | 87,846 |
Costs of franchise and license revenue, excluding depreciation and amortization | 31,136 |  |  | 28,174 |
General and administrative expenses | 16,395 |  |  | 15,981 |
Depreciation and amortization | 4,338 |  |  | 6,760 |
Operating (gains), losses and other charges, net | (50,091 | ) |  | 793 |
|  | Total operating costs and expenses, net | 56,084 |  |  | 139,554 |
Operating income | 68,174 |  |  | 18,469 |
Interest expense, net | 4,188 |  |  | 5,314 |
Other nonoperating income, net | (415 | ) |  | (460 | )
Income before income taxes | 64,401 |  |  | 13,615 |
Provision for income taxes | 15,279 |  |  | 2,810 |
Net income | $ | 49,122 |  |  | $ | 10,805 |
Basic net income per share | $ | 0.83 |  |  | $ | 0.17 |
Diluted net income per share | $ | 0.80 |  |  | $ | 0.16 |
Basic weighted average shares outstanding | 59,430 |  |  | 63,246 |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 61,189 |  |  | 65,522 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 34,128 |  |  | $ | 15,363 |
General and Administrative Expenses | Quarter Ended
(In thousands) | 9/25/19 |  | 9/26/18
Corporate administrative expenses | $ | 12,091 |  |  | $ | 12,779 |
Share-based compensation | 2,176 |  |  | 1,100 |
Incentive compensation | 1,872 |  |  | 1,645 |
Deferred compensation valuation adjustments | 256 |  |  | 457 |
| Total general and administrative expenses | $ | 16,395 |  |  | $ | 15,981 |

8

DENNY’S CORPORATION
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
(Unaudited)
|  |  | Three Quarters Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts) | 9/25/19 |  | 9/26/18
Revenue: |  |  |
| Company restaurant sales | $ | 257,574 |  |  | $ | 307,543 |
| Franchise and license revenue | 169,979 |  |  | 163,087 |
|  | Total operating revenue | 427,553 |  |  | 470,630 |
Costs of company restaurant sales | 218,249 |  |  | 261,279 |
Costs of franchise and license revenue | 87,065 |  |  | 85,779 |
General and administrative expenses | 53,659 |  |  | 48,138 |
Depreciation and amortization | 15,619 |  |  | 19,965 |
Operating (gains), losses and other charges, net | (85,459 | ) |  | 1,615 |
|  | Total operating costs and expenses, net | 289,133 |  |  | 416,776 |
Operating income | 138,420 |  |  | 53,854 |
Interest expense, net | 14,977 |  |  | 15,324 |
Other nonoperating income, net | (2,111 | ) |  | (877 | )
Income before income taxes | 125,554 |  |  | 39,407 |
Provision for income taxes | 26,703 |  |  | 7,217 |
Net income | $ | 98,851 |  |  | $ | 32,190 |
Basic net income per share | $ | 1.64 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |
Diluted net income per share | $ | 1.58 |  |  | $ | 0.49 |
Basic weighted average shares outstanding | 60,457 |  |  | 63,774 |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 62,370 |  |  | 66,122 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 61,090 |  |  | $ | 37,047 |
General and Administrative Expenses | Three Quarters Ended
(In thousands) | 9/25/19 |  | 9/26/18
Corporate administrative expenses | $ | 37,396 |  |  | $ | 39,252 |
Share-based compensation | 7,142 |  |  | 3,661 |
Incentive compensation | 7,329 |  |  | 4,738 |
Deferred compensation valuation adjustments | 1,792 |  |  | 487 |
| Total general and administrative expenses | $ | 53,659 |  |  | $ | 48,138 |

9

DENNY’S CORPORATION
Reconciliation of Net Income to Non-GAAP Financial Measures
(Unaudited)

The Company believes that, in addition to GAAP measures, certain other non-GAAP financial measures are appropriate indicators to assist in the evaluation of operating performance on a period-to-period basis. The Company uses Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Free Cash Flow, Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Net Income Per Share internally as performance measures for planning purposes, including the preparation of annual operating budgets, and for compensation purposes, including bonuses for certain employees. Adjusted EBITDA is also used to evaluate the ability to service debt because the excluded charges do not have an impact on prospective debt servicing capability and these adjustments are contemplated in our credit facility for the computation of our debt covenant ratios. We define Adjusted Free Cash Flow for a given period as Adjusted EBITDA less the cash portion of interest expense net of interest income, capital expenditures, and cash taxes. Management believes that the presentation of Adjusted Free Cash Flow provides useful information to investors because it represents a liquidity measure used to evaluate, among other things, operating effectiveness and is used in decisions regarding the allocation of resources. However, each of these non-GAAP financial measures should be considered as a supplement to, not a substitute for, operating income, net income or other financial performance measures prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

| Quarter Ended |  | Three Quarters Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts) | 9/25/19 |  | 9/26/18 |  | 9/25/19 |  | 9/26/18
Net income | $ | 49,122 |  |  | $ | 10,805 |  |  | $ | 98,851 |  |  | $ | 32,190 |
Provision for income taxes | 15,279 |  |  | 2,810 |  |  | 26,703 |  |  | 7,217 |
Operating (gains), losses and other charges, net | (50,091 | ) |  | 793 |  |  | (85,459 | ) |  | 1,615 |
Other nonoperating (income) expense, net | (415 | ) |  | (460 | ) |  | (2,111 | ) |  | (877 | )
Share-based compensation | 2,176 |  |  | 1,100 |  |  | 7,142 |  |  | 3,661 |
Deferred compensation plan valuation adjustments | 256 |  |  | 457 |  |  | 1,792 |  |  | 487 |
Interest expense, net | 4,188 |  |  | 5,314 |  |  | 14,977 |  |  | 15,324 |
Depreciation and amortization | 4,338 |  |  | 6,760 |  |  | 15,619 |  |  | 19,965 |
Cash payments for restructuring charges and exit costs | (672 | ) |  | (236 | ) |  | (2,052 | ) |  | (801 | )
Cash payments for share-based compensation | (28 | ) |  | (21 | ) |  | (3,559 | ) |  | (1,934 | )
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 24,153 |  |  | $ | 27,322 |  |  | $ | 71,903 |  |  | $ | 76,847 |
Cash interest expense, net | (3,949 | ) |  | (5,017 | ) |  | (14,219 | ) |  | (14,468 | )
Cash paid for income taxes, net | (5,861 | ) |  | (852 | ) |  | (17,853 | ) |  | (2,347 | )
Cash paid for capital expenditures | (10,619 | ) |  | (7,782 | ) |  | (22,102 | ) |  | (27,710 | )
Adjusted Free Cash Flow | $ | 3,724 |  |  | $ | 13,671 |  |  | $ | 17,729 |  |  | $ | 32,322 |
| Quarter Ended |  | Three Quarters Ended
(In thousands, except per share amounts) | 9/25/19 |  | 9/26/18 |  | 9/25/19 |  | 9/26/18
Net income | $ | 49,122 |  |  | $ | 10,805 |  |  | $ | 98,851 |  |  | $ | 32,190 |
Gains on sales of assets and other, net | (51,183 | ) |  | (695 | ) |  | (87,497 | ) |  | (759 | )
Impairment charges | — |  |  | 1,440 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,558 |
Tax effect (1) | 13,226 |  |  | (136 | ) |  | 22,610 |  |  | (146 | )
Adjusted Net Income | $ | 11,165 |  |  | $ | 11,414 |  |  | $ | 33,964 |  |  | $ | 32,843 |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 61,189 |  |  | 65,522 |  |  | 62,370 |  |  | 66,122 |
Diluted Net Income Per Share | $ | 0.80 |  |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 1.58 |  |  | $ | 0.49 |
Adjustments Per Share | $ | (0.62 | ) |  | $ | 0.01 |  |  | $ | (1.04 | ) |  | $ | 0.01 |
Adjusted Net Income Per Share | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | 0.17 |  |  | $ | 0.54 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |

(1) | Tax adjustments for the gains on sales of assets and other, net for the three and nine months ended September 25, 2019 are calculated using an effective rate of 25.8%. Tax adjustments for the three and nine months ended September 26, 2018 are calculated using the Company's 2018 year-to-date effective tax rate of 18.3%.

10

DENNY’S CORPORATION
Reconciliation of Operating Income to Non-GAAP Financial Measures
(Unaudited)

The Company believes that, in addition to GAAP measures, certain other non-GAAP financial measures are appropriate indicators to assist in the evaluation of restaurant-level operating efficiency and performance of ongoing restaurant-level operations. The Company uses Total Operating Margin, Company Restaurant Operating Margin and Franchise Operating Margin internally as performance measures for planning purposes, including the preparation of annual operating budgets, and these three non-GAAP measures are used to evaluate operating effectiveness.
We define Total Operating Margin as operating income excluding the following three items: general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, and operating (gains), losses and other charges, net. We present Total Operating Margin as a percent of total operating revenue. We exclude general and administrative expenses, which includes primarily non-restaurant-level costs associated with support of company and franchised restaurants and other activities at our corporate office. We exclude depreciation and amortization expense, substantially all of which is related to company restaurant-level assets, because such expenses represent historical sunk costs which do not reflect current cash outlays for the restaurants. We exclude special items, included within operating (gains), losses and other charges, net, to provide investors with a clearer perspective of the Company’s ongoing operating performance and a more relevant comparison to prior period results.
Total Operating Margin is the total of Company Restaurant Operating Margin and Franchise Operating Margin. We define Company Restaurant Operating Margin as company restaurant sales less costs of company restaurant sales (which include product costs, company restaurant level payroll and benefits, occupancy costs, and other operating costs including utilities, repairs and maintenance, marketing and other expenses) and present it as a percent of company restaurant sales. We define Franchise Operating Margin as franchise and license revenue (which includes franchise royalties and other non-food and beverage revenue streams such as initial franchise fees, advertising revenue and occupancy revenue) less costs of franchise and license revenue and present it as a percent of franchise and license revenue.
These non-GAAP financial measures provide a meaningful comparison between periods and enable investors to focus on the performance of restaurant-level operations by excluding revenues and costs unrelated to food and beverage sales in addition to corporate general and administrative expense, depreciation and amortization, and other gains and charges. However, each of these non-GAAP financial measures should be considered as a supplement to, not a substitute for, operating income, net income or other financial performance measures prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Total Operating Margin, Company Restaurant Operating Margin and Franchise Operating Margin do not accrue directly to the benefit of shareholders because of the aforementioned excluded costs, and are not indicative of the overall results for the Company.

| Quarter Ended |  | Three Quarters Ended
(In thousands) | 9/25/19 |  | 9/26/18 |  | 9/25/19 |  | 9/26/18
Operating income | $ | 68,174 |  |  | $ | 18,469 |  |  | $ | 138,420 |  |  | $ | 53,854 |
General and administrative expenses | 16,395 |  |  | 15,981 |  |  | 53,659 |  |  | 48,138 |
Depreciation and amortization | 4,338 |  |  | 6,760 |  |  | 15,619 |  |  | 19,965 |
Operating (gains), losses and other charges, net | (50,091 | ) |  | 793 |  |  | (85,459 | ) |  | 1,615 |
Total Operating Margin | $ | 38,816 |  |  | $ | 42,003 |  |  | $ | 122,239 |  |  | $ | 123,572 |
Total Operating Margin consists of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company Restaurant Operating Margin (1) | $ | 9,276 |  |  | $ | 15,763 |  |  | $ | 39,325 |  |  | $ | 46,264 |
Franchise Operating Margin (2) | 29,540 |  |  | 26,240 |  |  | 82,914 |  |  | 77,308 |
Total Operating Margin | $ | 38,816 |  |  | $ | 42,003 |  |  | $ | 122,239 |  |  | $ | 123,572 |

(1) | Company Restaurant Operating Margin is calculated as operating income plus general and administrative expenses; depreciation and amortization; operating (gains), losses and other charges; and costs of franchise and license revenue; less franchise and license revenue.
(2) | Franchise Operating Margin is calculated as operating income plus general and administrative expenses; depreciation and amortization; operating (gains), losses and other charges; and costs of company restaurant sales; less company restaurant sales.

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DENNY’S CORPORATION
Operating Margins
(Unaudited)
|  |  |  | Quarter Ended
(In thousands) | 9/25/19 |  | 9/26/18
Company restaurant operations: (1) |  |  |  |  |
| Company restaurant sales | $ | 63,582 |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 103,609 |  | 100.0 | %
| Costs of company restaurant sales: |  |  |  |  |
|  | Product costs | 15,603 |  | 24.5 | % |  | 25,303 |  | 24.4 | %
|  | Payroll and benefits | 23,777 |  | 37.4 | % |  | 41,041 |  | 39.6 | %
|  | Occupancy | 4,301 |  | 6.8 | % |  | 6,083 |  | 5.9 | %
|  | Other operating costs: |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Utilities | 2,438 |  | 3.8 | % |  | 3,926 |  | 3.8 | %
|  |  | Repairs and maintenance | 1,774 |  | 2.8 | % |  | 1,870 |  | 1.8 | %
|  |  | Marketing | 2,411 |  | 3.8 | % |  | 3,791 |  | 3.7 | %
|  |  | Other | 4,002 |  | 6.3 | % |  | 5,832 |  | 5.6 | %
| Total costs of company restaurant sales | $ | 54,306 |  | 85.4 | % |  | $ | 87,846 |  | 84.8 | %
| Company restaurant operating margin (non-GAAP) (2) | $ | 9,276 |  | 14.6 | % |  | $ | 15,763 |  | 15.2 | %
Franchise operations: (3) |  |  |  |  |
| Franchise and license revenue: |  |  |  |  |
| Royalties | $ | 27,830 |  | 45.9 | % |  | $ | 25,518 |  | 46.9 | %
| Advertising revenue | 20,756 |  | 34.2 | % |  | 19,546 |  | 35.9 | %
| Initial and other fees | 1,356 |  | 2.2 | % |  | 1,415 |  | 2.6 | %
| Occupancy revenue | 10,734 |  | 17.7 | % |  | 7,935 |  | 14.6 | %
| Total franchise and license revenue | $ | 60,676 |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 54,414 |  | 100.0 | %
| Costs of franchise and license revenue: |  |  |  |  |
| Advertising costs | $ | 20,757 |  | 34.2 | % |  | $ | 19,546 |  | 35.9 | %
| Occupancy costs | 7,257 |  | 12.0 | % |  | 5,585 |  | 10.3 | %
| Other direct costs | 3,122 |  | 5.1 | % |  | 3,043 |  | 5.6 | %
| Total costs of franchise and license revenue | $ | 31,136 |  | 51.3 | % |  | $ | 28,174 |  | 51.8 | %
| Franchise operating margin (non-GAAP) (2) | $ | 29,540 |  | 48.7 | % |  | $ | 26,240 |  | 48.2 | %
Total operating revenue (4) | $ | 124,258 |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 158,023 |  | 100.0 | %
Total costs of operating revenue (4) | 85,442 |  | 68.8 | % |  | 116,020 |  | 73.4 | %
Total operating margin (non-GAAP) (4)(2) | $ | 38,816 |  | 31.2 | % |  | $ | 42,003 |  | 26.6 | %
Other operating expenses: (4)(2) |  |  |  |  |
| General and administrative expenses | $ | 16,395 |  | 13.2 | % |  | $ | 15,981 |  | 10.1 | %
| Depreciation and amortization | 4,338 |  | 3.5 | % |  | 6,760 |  | 4.3 | %
| Operating (gains), losses and other charges, net | (50,091 | ) | (40.3 | )% |  | 793 |  | 0.5 | %
| Total other operating (income) expenses | $ | (29,358 | ) | (23.6 | )% |  | $ | 23,534 |  | 14.9 | %
Operating income (4) | $ | 68,174 |  | 54.9 | % |  | $ | 18,469 |  | 11.7 | %
(1) | As a percentage of company restaurant sales.
(2) | Other operating expenses such as general and administrative expenses and depreciation and amortization relate to both company and franchise operations and are not allocated to costs of company restaurant sales and costs of franchise and license revenue. As such, operating margin is considered a non-GAAP financial measure. Operating margins should be considered as a supplement to, not as a substitute for, operating income, net income or other financial measures prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
(3) | As a percentage of franchise and license revenue.
(4) | As a percentage of total operating revenue.

12

DENNY’S CORPORATION
Operating Margins
(Unaudited)
|  |  |  | Three Quarters Ended
(In thousands) | 9/25/19 |  | 9/26/18
Company restaurant operations: (1) |  |  |  |  |
| Company restaurant sales | $ | 257,574 |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 307,543 |  | 100.0 | %
| Costs of company restaurant sales: |  |  |  |  |
|  | Product costs | 62,871 |  | 24.4 | % |  | 75,292 |  | 24.5 | %
|  | Payroll and benefits | 100,475 |  | 39.0 | % |  | 123,332 |  | 40.1 | %
|  | Occupancy | 15,583 |  | 6.0 | % |  | 17,165 |  | 5.6 | %
|  | Other operating costs: |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Utilities | 8,916 |  | 3.5 | % |  | 10,690 |  | 3.5 | %
|  |  | Repairs and maintenance | 5,742 |  | 2.2 | % |  | 5,647 |  | 1.8 | %
|  |  | Marketing | 9,357 |  | 3.6 | % |  | 11,267 |  | 3.7 | %
|  |  | Other | 15,305 |  | 5.9 | % |  | 17,886 |  | 5.8 | %
| Total costs of company restaurant sales | $ | 218,249 |  | 84.7 | % |  | $ | 261,279 |  | 85.0 | %
| Company restaurant operating margin (non-GAAP) (2) | $ | 39,325 |  | 15.3 | % |  | $ | 46,264 |  | 15.0 | %
Franchise operations: (3) |  |  |  |  |
| Franchise and license revenue: |  |  |  |  |
| Royalties | $ | 79,742 |  | 46.9 | % |  | $ | 75,875 |  | 46.5 | %
| Advertising revenue | 59,582 |  | 35.1 | % |  | 58,386 |  | 35.8 | %
| Initial and other fees | 4,250 |  | 2.5 | % |  | 4,642 |  | 2.8 | %
| Occupancy revenue | 26,405 |  | 15.5 | % |  | 24,184 |  | 14.8 | %
| Total franchise and license revenue | $ | 169,979 |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 163,087 |  | 100.0 | %
| Costs of franchise and license revenue: |  |  |  |  |
| Advertising costs | $ | 59,583 |  | 35.1 | % |  | $ | 58,386 |  | 35.8 | %
| Occupancy costs | 18,018 |  | 10.6 | % |  | 17,059 |  | 10.5 | %
| Other direct costs | 9,464 |  | 5.6 | % |  | 10,334 |  | 6.3 | %
| Total costs of franchise and license revenue | $ | 87,065 |  | 51.2 | % |  | $ | 85,779 |  | 52.6 | %
| Franchise operating margin (non-GAAP) (2) | $ | 82,914 |  | 48.8 | % |  | $ | 77,308 |  | 47.4 | %
Total operating revenue (4) | $ | 427,553 |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 470,630 |  | 100.0 | %
Total costs of operating revenue (4) | 305,314 |  | 71.4 | % |  | 347,058 |  | 73.7 | %
Total operating margin (non-GAAP) (4)(2) | $ | 122,239 |  | 28.6 | % |  | $ | 123,572 |  | 26.3 | %
Other operating expenses: (4)(2) |  |  |  |  |
| General and administrative expenses | $ | 53,659 |  | 12.6 | % |  | $ | 48,138 |  | 10.2 | %
| Depreciation and amortization | 15,619 |  | 3.7 | % |  | 19,965 |  | 4.2 | %
| Operating gains, losses and other charges, net | (85,459 | ) | (20.0 | )% |  | 1,615 |  | 0.3 | %
| Total other operating expenses | $ | (16,181 | ) | (3.8 | )% |  | $ | 69,718 |  | 14.8 | %
Operating income (4) | $ | 138,420 |  | 32.4 | % |  | $ | 53,854 |  | 11.4 | %
(1) | As a percentage of company restaurant sales.
(2) | Other operating expenses such as general and administrative expenses and depreciation and amortization relate to both company and franchise operations and are not allocated to costs of company restaurant sales and costs of franchise and license revenue. As such, operating margin is considered a non-GAAP financial measure. Operating margins should be considered as a supplement to, not as a substitute for, operating income, net income or other financial measures prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
(3) | As a percentage of franchise and license revenue.
(4) | As a percentage of total operating revenue.

13

DENNY’S CORPORATION
Statistical Data
(Unaudited)
Changes in Same-Store Sales (1) | Quarter Ended |  | Three Quarters Ended
(increase vs. prior year) | 9/25/19 |  | 9/26/18 |  | 9/25/19 |  | 9/26/18
| Company Restaurants | (0.2 | )% |  | 2.1 | % |  | 2.1 | % |  | 1.7 | %
| Domestic Franchised Restaurants | 1.2 | % |  | 0.8 | % |  | 2.0 | % |  | 0.4 | %
| Domestic System-wide Restaurants | 1.1 | % |  | 1.0 | % |  | 2.1 | % |  | 0.6 | %
Average Unit Sales | Quarter Ended |  | Three Quarters Ended
(In thousands) | 9/25/19 |  | 9/26/18 |  | 9/25/19 |  | 9/26/18
| Company Restaurants | $ | 640 |  |  | $ | 582 |  |  | $ | 1,820 |  |  | $ | 1,716 |
| Franchised Restaurants | $ | 421 |  |  | $ | 409 |  |  | $ | 1,242 |  |  | $ | 1,207 |
|  |  |  |  | Franchised |  |  |  |
Restaurant Unit Activity | Company |  | & Licensed |  | Total |  |
Ending Units June 26, 2019 | 133 |  |  | 1,569 |  |  | 1,702 |  |  |
| Units Opened | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 13 |  |  |
| Units Refranchised | (56 | ) |  | 56 |  |  | — |  |  |
| Units Closed | — |  |  | (9 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  |
|  | Net Change | (56 | ) |  | 60 |  |  | 4 |  |  |
Ending Units September 25, 2019 | 77 |  |  | 1,629 |  |  | 1,706 |  |  |
Equivalent Units |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Third Quarter 2019 | 99 |  |  | 1,603 |  |  | 1,702 |  |  |
| Third Quarter 2018 | 178 |  |  | 1,536 |  |  | 1,714 |  |  |
|  | Net Change | (79 | ) |  | 67 |  |  | (12 | ) |  |
|  |  |  |  | Franchised |  |  |  |
Restaurant Unit Activity | Company |  | & Licensed |  | Total |  |
Ending Units December 26, 2018 | 173 |  |  | 1,536 |  |  | 1,709 |  |  |
| Units Opened | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | 21 |  |  |
| Units Refranchised | (96 | ) |  | 96 |  |  | — |  |  |
| Units Closed | — |  |  | (24 | ) |  | (24 | ) |  |
|  | Net Change | (96 | ) |  | 93 |  |  | (3 | ) |  |
Ending Units September 25, 2019 | 77 |  |  | 1,629 |  |  | 1,706 |  |  |
Equivalent Units |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Year-to-Date 2019 | 141 |  |  | 1,560 |  |  | 1,701 |  |  |
| Year-to-Date 2018 | 179 |  |  | 1,541 |  |  | 1,720 |  |  |
|  | Net Change | (38 | ) |  | 19 |  |  | (19 | ) |  |
(1) | Same-store sales include sales at company restaurants and non-consolidated franchised and licensed restaurants that were open the same period in the prior year. Total operating revenue is limited to company restaurant sales and royalties, advertising revenue, fees and occupancy revenue from non-consolidated franchised and licensed restaurants. Accordingly, domestic franchise same-store sales and domestic system-wide same-store sales should be considered as a supplement to, not a substitute for, our results as reported under GAAP.

14