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Share-Based Compensation | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 28, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Share-Based Compensation | Share-Based Compensation Share-Based Compensation Plans The Denny’s Corporation 2021 Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2021 Omnibus Plan”) is used to grant share-based compensation to selected employees, officers and directors of Denny’s and its affiliates. However, we reserve the right to pay discretionary bonuses, or other types of compensation, outside of this plan. At December 28, 2022, there were 3.0 million shares available for grant under the 2021 Omnibus Plan. In addition, we have 0.7 million shares available to be issued outside of the 2021 Omnibus Plan pursuant to the grant or exercise of employment inducement awards of stock options and restricted stock units in accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(c)(4). Share-Based Compensation Expense Total share-based compensation expense included as a component of net income (loss) was as follows:
| Fiscal Year Ended
| December 28, 2022 |  | December 29, 2021 |  | December 30, 2020
| (In thousands)
Employee share awards | $ | 10,470 |  |  | $ | 12,708 |  |  | $ | 7,104 |
Restricted stock units for board members | 930 |  |  | 894 |  |  | 844 |
Total share-based compensation | $ | 11,400 |  |  | $ | 13,602 |  |  | $ | 7,948 |
The income tax benefits recognized as a component of the provision for (benefit from) income taxes in our Consolidated Statements of Operations related to share-based compensation expense were approximately $2.9 million, $3.4 million and $2.0 million during the years ended December 28, 2022, December 29, 2021 and December 30, 2020, respectively. Employee Share Awards Employee share awards consist of performance share units (“PSUs”) and restricted stock units ("RSUs") (which are equity classified). The number of shares that are ultimately issued is dependent upon the level of obtainment of the market and performance conditions. The following table summarizes the employee share awards activity during the year ended December 28, 2022:
| Units |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
| (In thousands) |  |
Outstanding, beginning of year | 2,076 |  |  | $ | 15.57 |
Granted | 1,065 |  |  | $ | 16.22 |
Converted | (1,415) |  |  | $ | 12.33 |
Forfeited | (429) |  |  | $ | 19.62 |
Outstanding, end of year | 1,297 |  |  | $ | 18.30 |
Convertible, end of year | 159 |  |  | $ | 15.38 |
During the year ended December 28, 2022, we granted certain employees approximately 0.3 million performance share units ("PSUs") with a weighted average grant date fair value of $21.05 per share that vest based on the total shareholder return (“TSR”) of our common stock compared to the TSRs of a group of peer companies and approximately 0.3 million PSUs with a weighted average grant date fair value of $14.12 per share that vest based on our Adjusted EPS growth rate versus plan, as defined under the terms of the award. As the TSR based PSUs contain a market condition, a Monte Carlo valuation was used to determine the grant date fair value. The performance period for these PSUs is the three year fiscal period beginning December 30, 2021 and ending December 25, 2024. The PSUs will completely vest and be earned at the end of the performance period at which point the relative TSR and Adjusted EPS growth rate achievement percentages will be applied to the vested units (from 0% to 200% of the target award). We also granted certain employees approximately 0.4 million RSUs with a weighted average grant date fair value of $14.08 per share. The RSUs generally vest evenly over the three year period ending December 25, 2024, and are paid annually. For 2022, 2021 and 2020, the weighted average grant date fair value of awards granted was $16.22, $21.83 and $10.47, respectively. The following table presents the weighted-average assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulations to determine the fair value of PSU awards at the grant date, along with the related weighted-average grant date fair value of PSU awards:
| December 28, 2022 |  | December 29, 2021 |  | December 30, 2020
Risk-free interest rate | 1.96% |  | 0.18% |  | 0.16%
Expected term (in years) | 2.8 |  | 3.0 |  | 1.25
Expected volatility | 66.0% |  | 64.9% |  | 59.5%
Expected dividend yield | 0.0% |  | 0.0% |  | 0.0%
Grant date fair value per unit | $21.05 |  | $24.74 |  | $8.24
The risk-free interest rate was based on U.S. Treasury bond yield with a term equal to the expected life assumed at the date of grant. The expected term represents the period of time the awards are expected to be outstanding. Expected volatility was based on historical volatility of the Company. The expected dividend yield is based on the Company’s history and expectations of dividend payouts at the time of grant. We made payments of $0.4 million, $0.2 million and $0.4 million during 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, related to converted performance and restricted share units. Payments relate to the payment of payroll taxes. The fair value of units converted was $13.8 million, $4.3 million and $12.0 million during 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of December 28, 2022, we had $9.7 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested employee share awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average of 1.7 years. Restricted Stock Units for Board Members During the year ended December 28, 2022, we granted approximately 0.1 million RSUs (which are equity classified) with a weighted average grant date fair value of $9.93 per unit to non-employee members of our Board. The restricted stock units vest after a one year service period. A director may elect to convert these awards into shares of common stock on a specific date in the future (while still serving as a member of our Board), upon termination as a member of our Board or in three equal annual installments commencing after termination of service as a member of our Board. During the year ended December 28, 2022, less than 0.1 million restricted stock units were converted into shares of common stock. There were 0.8 million and 0.8 million RSUs outstanding as of December 28, 2022 and December 29, 2021, respectively. As of December 28, 2022, we had approximately $0.4 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to all unvested RSU awards outstanding, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average of 0.4 years. Stock Options Prior to 2012, stock options were granted that vest evenly over three years, have a 10-year contractual life and are issued at the market value at the date of grant. There were no options granted in 2022, 2021 or 2020. There were no stock options outstanding at December 28, 2022, and there were no stock options exercised for the year ended December 28, 2022. The total intrinsic value of the options exercised was $0.3 million and $0.8 million during the years ended December 29, 2021 and December 30, 2020, respectively.

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