10-Q 1 lbfosterco10-qq22017.htm 10-Q
Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017
Or

☐ | Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 000-10436
L.B. Foster Company
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania |  | 25-1324733
(State of Incorporation) |  | (I. R. S. Employer Identification No.)

415 Holiday Drive, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania |  | 15220
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(412) 928-3400
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☒
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

Class |  |  |  |  | Outstanding as of July 31, 2017
Common Stock, Par Value $0.01 |  |  |  |  | 10,342,346 Shares

1

Table of Contents
L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX

| Page
PART I. Financial Information |
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited): |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 6
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 23
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 36
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 37
PART II. Other Information |
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 38
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 38
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 38
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 38
Item 6. Exhibits | 39
Signature | 40
Index to Exhibits | 41

2

Table of Contents
Part I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share data)

|  | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
|  | (Unaudited) |  |
ASSETS |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 35,457 |  |  | $ | 30,363 |
Accounts receivable - net |  | 77,041 |  |  | 66,632 |
Inventories - net |  | 84,588 |  |  | 83,243 |
Prepaid income tax |  | 1,150 |  |  | 14,166 |
Other current assets |  | 6,648 |  |  | 5,200 |
Total current assets |  | 204,884 |  |  | 199,604 |
Property, plant, and equipment - net |  | 101,553 |  |  | 103,973 |
Other assets: |  |  |  |
Goodwill |  | 19,431 |  |  | 18,932 |
Other intangibles - net |  | 60,611 |  |  | 63,519 |
Investments |  | 3,976 |  |  | 4,031 |
Other assets |  | 2,555 |  |  | 2,964 |
Total assets |  | $ | 393,010 |  |  | $ | 393,023 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 57,161 |  |  | $ | 37,744 |
Deferred revenue |  | 5,830 |  |  | 7,597 |
Accrued payroll and employee benefits |  | 8,444 |  |  | 7,497 |
Accrued warranty |  | 9,168 |  |  | 10,154 |
Current maturities of long-term debt |  | 10,051 |  |  | 10,386 |
Other accrued liabilities |  | 8,823 |  |  | 8,953 |
Total current liabilities |  | 99,477 |  |  | 82,331 |
Long-term debt |  | 127,933 |  |  | 149,179 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  | 11,187 |  |  | 11,371 |
Other long-term liabilities |  | 16,911 |  |  | 16,891 |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |  |
Common stock, par value $0.01, authorized 20,000,000 shares; shares issued at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, 11,115,779; shares outstanding at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, 10,342,346 and 10,312,625, respectively |  | 111 |  |  | 111 |
Paid-in capital |  | 43,952 |  |  | 44,098 |
Retained earnings |  | 134,270 |  |  | 133,667 |
Treasury stock - at cost, common stock, shares at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, 773,433 and 803,154, respectively |  | (18,678 | ) |  | (19,336 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (22,153 | ) |  | (25,289 | )
Total stockholders' equity |  | 137,502 |  |  | 133,251 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  | $ | 393,010 |  |  | $ | 393,023 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

Table of Contents
L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share data)

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
|  | (Unaudited) |  | (Unaudited)
Sales of goods |  | $ | 117,727 |  |  | $ | 118,070 |  |  | $ | 215,356 |  |  | $ | 225,985 |
Sales of services |  | 27,133 |  |  | 17,924 |  |  | 48,206 |  |  | 36,319 |
Total net sales |  | 144,860 |  |  | 135,994 |  |  | 263,562 |  |  | 262,304 |
Cost of goods sold |  | 94,291 |  |  | 92,638 |  |  | 173,692 |  |  | 179,031 |
Cost of services sold |  | 22,833 |  |  | 15,543 |  |  | 40,882 |  |  | 31,500 |
Total cost of sales |  | 117,124 |  |  | 108,181 |  |  | 214,574 |  |  | 210,531 |
Gross profit |  | 27,736 |  |  | 27,813 |  |  | 48,988 |  |  | 51,773 |
Selling and administrative expenses |  | 20,578 |  |  | 23,317 |  |  | 39,805 |  |  | 46,134 |
Amortization expense |  | 1,695 |  |  | 2,789 |  |  | 3,454 |  |  | 6,055 |
Asset impairments |  | — |  |  | 128,938 |  |  | — |  |  | 128,938 |
Interest expense |  | 2,181 |  |  | 1,652 |  |  | 4,289 |  |  | 2,822 |
Interest income |  | (54 | ) |  | (52 | ) |  | (110 | ) |  | (107 | )
Equity in (income) loss of nonconsolidated investments |  | (145 | ) |  | 487 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 683 |
Other (income) expense |  | (18 | ) |  | 107 |  |  | (13 | ) |  | 822 |
|  | 24,237 |  |  | 157,238 |  |  | 47,480 |  |  | 185,347 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | 3,499 |  |  | (129,425 | ) |  | 1,508 |  |  | (133,574 | )
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | 475 |  |  | (37,429 | ) |  | 906 |  |  | (38,746 | )
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 3,024 |  |  | $ | (91,996 | ) |  | $ | 602 |  |  | $ | (94,828 | )
Basic earnings (loss) per common share |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | (8.96 | ) |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | (9.25 | )
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | (8.96 | ) |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | (9.25 | )
Dividends paid per common share |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.08 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

Table of Contents
L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands)

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
|  | (Unaudited) |  | (Unaudited)
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 3,024 |  |  | $ | (91,996 | ) |  | $ | 602 |  |  | $ | (94,828 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment |  | 2,228 |  |  | (2,660 | ) |  | 3,116 |  |  | (2,007 | )
Unrealized loss on cash flow hedges, net of tax benefit of $0, $291 and $0, $903 |  | (202 | ) |  | (455 | ) |  | (201 | ) |  | (1,423 | )
Reclassification of pension liability adjustments to earnings, net of tax expense of $0, $38 and $0, $77* |  | 112 |  |  | 74 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 150 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 2,138 |  |  | (3,041 | ) |  | 3,136 |  |  | (3,280 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | 5,162 |  |  | $ | (95,037 | ) |  | $ | 3,738 |  |  | $ | (98,108 | )

* | Reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss for pension obligations are charged to selling and administrative expense.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
5

Table of Contents
L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)

|  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016
|  | (Unaudited)
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 602 |  |  | $ | (94,828 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Deferred income taxes |  | (432 | ) |  | (38,475 | )
Depreciation |  | 6,527 |  |  | 7,325 |
Amortization |  | 3,454 |  |  | 6,055 |
Asset impairments |  | — |  |  | 128,938 |
Equity loss of nonconsolidated investments |  | 55 |  |  | 683 |
Loss on sales and disposals of property, plant, and equipment |  | 122 |  |  | 240 |
Stock-based compensation |  | 725 |  |  | 555 |
Income tax deficiency from stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | 124 |
Change in operating assets and liabilities |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  | (9,951 | ) |  | (2,755 | )
Inventories |  | (487 | ) |  | (231 | )
Other current assets |  | (1,439 | ) |  | (959 | )
Prepaid income tax |  | 12,867 |  |  | (4,262 | )
Other noncurrent assets |  | 474 |  |  | (60 | )
Accounts payable |  | 19,534 |  |  | 3,784 |
Deferred revenue |  | (1,839 | ) |  | 2,412 |
Accrued payroll and employee benefits |  | 878 |  |  | (2,658 | )
Other current liabilities |  | (1,167 | ) |  | 812 |
Other liabilities |  | (2 | ) |  | (145 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 29,921 |  |  | 6,555 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant, and equipment |  | 143 |  |  | 768 |
Capital expenditures on property, plant, and equipment |  | (4,597 | ) |  | (5,070 | )
Loans and capital contributions to equity method investment |  | — |  |  | (575 | )
Net cash used by investing activities |  | (4,454 | ) |  | (4,877 | )

6

Table of Contents
L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)
(In thousands)

|  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016
|  | (Unaudited)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |
Repayments of debt |  | (82,553 | ) |  | (68,174 | )
Proceeds from debt |  | 60,972 |  |  | 67,789 |
Financing fees |  | — |  |  | (712 | )
Treasury stock acquisitions |  | (97 | ) |  | (265 | )
Cash dividends on common stock paid to shareholders |  | — |  |  | (829 | )
Income tax deficiency from stock-based compensation |  | — |  |  | (124 | )
Net cash used by financing activities |  | (21,678 | ) |  | (2,315 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  | 1,305 |  |  | 130 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  | 5,094 |  |  | (507 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  | 30,363 |  |  | 33,312 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 35,457 |  |  | $ | 32,805 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |  |
Interest paid |  | $ | 3,896 |  |  | $ | 2,211 |
Income taxes (received) paid, net |  | $ | (11,480 | ) |  | $ | 3,987 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
7

Table of Contents
L.B. FOSTER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all estimates and adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. However, actual results could differ from those estimates. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2017. The year-end Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2016 was derived from audited financial statements. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” and the “Company” refer collectively to L.B. Foster Company and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Recently issued accounting standards
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (“ASU 2014-09”), which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standards Codification 605, “Revenue Recognition” (“ASC 605”). ASU 2014-09 is based on the principle that revenue is recognized to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. It also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue, cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments, and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. ASU 2014-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period. The Company continues our detailed evaluation of contracts and sales orders with customers and assess the impact that this standard will have on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows, and financial position as well as the impact to internal controls over financial reporting. The Company will adopt this standard January 1, 2018 and anticipates using the modified retrospective approach at adoption as it relates to ASU 2014-09.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASU 2016-02”). The new accounting requirements include the accounting for, presentation of, and classification of leases. The guidance will result in most leases being capitalized as a right of use asset with a related liability on our balance sheets. The requirements of the new standard are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is in the process of analyzing the impact of ASU 2016-02 on our financial position. The Company has a significant number of operating leases, and, as a result, expects this guidance to have a material impact on its Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company does not anticipate early adoption as it relates to ASU 2016-02.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, “Income Taxes – Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory (Topic 740),” (“ASU 2016-16”) which will require an entity to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs. The ASU is effective on January 1, 2018 with early adoption permitted. The Company continues to evaluate the impact this standard will have on the Company’s financial statements and will not elect early adoption of ASU 2016-16.
In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation – Retirement Benefits (Topic 715),” (“ASU 2017-07”) which improves the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost. The guidance requires that the entity report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period, and report the other components of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost in the income statement separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of income from operations. Of the components of net periodic benefit cost, only the service cost component will be eligible for asset capitalization. The new standard will be effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is evaluating its implementation approach and assessing the impact of ASU 2017-07 on the presentation of operations.
8

Table of Contents
2. BUSINESS SEGMENTS
The Company is a leading manufacturer and distributor of products and services for transportation and energy infrastructure with locations in North America and Europe. The Company is organized and evaluated by product group, which is the basis for identifying reportable segments. Each segment represents a revenue-producing component of the Company for which separate financial information is produced internally that is subject to evaluation by the Company’s chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources. Each segment is evaluated based upon its segment profit contribution to the Company’s consolidated results.
The following table illustrates revenues and profits (losses) from operations of the Company by segment for the periods indicated:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2017 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
|  | Net Sales |  | Segment Profit (Loss) |  | Net Sales |  | Segment Profit (Loss)
Rail Products and Services |  | $ | 69,347 |  |  | $ | 3,977 |  |  | $ | 125,827 |  |  | $ | 5,466 |
Construction Products |  | 45,465 |  |  | 4,551 |  |  | 82,787 |  |  | 5,770 |
Tubular and Energy Services |  | 30,048 |  |  | (17 | ) |  | 54,948 |  |  | (525 | )
Total |  | $ | 144,860 |  |  | $ | 8,511 |  |  | $ | 263,562 |  |  | $ | 10,711 |

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, 2016 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2016
|  | Net Sales |  | Segment Profit (Loss) |  | Net Sales |  | Segment Profit (Loss)
Rail Products and Services |  | $ | 67,503 |  |  | $ | (25,168 | ) |  | $ | 131,795 |  |  | $ | (24,427 | )
Construction Products |  | 40,348 |  |  | 3,944 |  |  | 72,228 |  |  | 4,392 |
Tubular and Energy Services |  | 28,143 |  |  | (102,983 | ) |  | 58,281 |  |  | (104,910 | )
Total |  | $ | 135,994 |  |  | $ | (124,207 | ) |  | $ | 262,304 |  |  | $ | (124,945 | )

Segment profit (loss) from operations, as shown above, include internal cost of capital charges for assets used in the segment at a rate of generally 1% per month. There has been no change in the measurement of segment profit (loss) from operations since December 31, 2016. The internal cost of capital charges are eliminated during the consolidation process.
The following table provides a reconciliation of reportable segment net profit (loss) from operations to the Company’s consolidated total:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Profit (loss) for reportable segments |  | $ | 8,511 |  |  | $ | (124,207 | ) |  | $ | 10,711 |  |  | $ | (124,945 | )
Interest expense |  | (2,181 | ) |  | (1,652 | ) |  | (4,289 | ) |  | (2,822 | )
Interest income |  | 54 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 107 |
Other income (expense) |  | 18 |  |  | (107 | ) |  | 13 |  |  | (822 | )
LIFO (expense) income |  | (192 | ) |  | 452 |  |  | (181 | ) |  | 525 |
Equity in income (loss) of nonconsolidated investments |  | 145 |  |  | (487 | ) |  | (55 | ) |  | (683 | )
Corporate expense, cost of capital elimination, and other unallocated charges |  | (2,856 | ) |  | (3,476 | ) |  | (4,801 | ) |  | (4,934 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 3,499 |  |  | $ | (129,425 | ) |  | $ | 1,508 |  |  | $ | (133,574 | )

9

Table of Contents
The following table illustrates assets of the Company by segment:

|  | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Rail Products and Services |  | $ | 186,588 |  |  | $ | 174,049 |
Construction Products |  | 81,953 |  |  | 81,074 |
Tubular and Energy Services |  | 99,076 |  |  | 100,006 |
Unallocated corporate assets |  | 25,393 |  |  | 37,894 |
Total |  | $ | 393,010 |  |  | $ | 393,023 |

3. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
The following table presents the goodwill balance by reportable segment:

|  | Rail Products and Services |  | Construction Products |  | Tubular and Energy Services |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2016 |  | $ | 13,785 |  |  | $ | 5,147 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,932 |
Foreign currency translation impact |  | 499 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 499 |
Balance at June 30, 2017 |  | $ | 14,284 |  |  | $ | 5,147 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,431 |

The Company performs goodwill impairment tests annually during the fourth quarter, and also performs interim goodwill impairment tests if it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than the carrying amount. Qualitative factors are assessed to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than the carrying amount. No goodwill impairment test was required in connection with these evaluations for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The Company continues to monitor the recoverability of the long-lived assets associated with certain reporting units of the Company and the long-term financial projections of the businesses. Sustained declines in the markets we serve may result in future long-lived asset impairment.
The following table represents the gross other intangible assets balance by reportable segment:

|  | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Rail Products and Services |  | $ | 57,139 |  |  | $ | 56,476 |
Construction Products |  | 1,348 |  |  | 1,348 |
Tubular and Energy Services |  | 29,179 |  |  | 29,179 |
|  | $ | 87,666 |  |  | $ | 87,003 |

10

Table of Contents
The components of the Company’s intangible assets are as follows:

|  | June 30, 2017
|  | Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years |  | Gross Carrying Value |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Non-compete agreements |  | 5 |  | $ | 4,215 |  |  | $ | (2,639 | ) |  | $ | 1,576 |
Patents |  | 10 |  | 377 |  |  | (150 | ) |  | 227 |
Customer relationships |  | 18 |  | 37,329 |  |  | (7,872 | ) |  | 29,457 |
Trademarks and trade names |  | 14 |  | 10,057 |  |  | (3,664 | ) |  | 6,393 |
Technology |  | 14 |  | 35,688 |  |  | (12,730 | ) |  | 22,958 |
|  |  |  | $ | 87,666 |  |  | $ | (27,055 | ) |  | $ | 60,611 |
|  | December 31, 2016
|  | Weighted Average Amortization Period In Years |  | Gross Carrying Value |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Non-compete agreements |  | 5 |  | $ | 4,219 |  |  | $ | (2,217 | ) |  | $ | 2,002 |
Patents |  | 10 |  | 373 |  |  | (143 | ) |  | 230 |
Customer relationships |  | 18 |  | 36,843 |  |  | (6,582 | ) |  | 30,261 |
Trademarks and trade names |  | 14 |  | 10,018 |  |  | (3,238 | ) |  | 6,780 |
Technology |  | 14 |  | 35,550 |  |  | (11,304 | ) |  | 24,246 |
|  |  |  | $ | 87,003 |  |  | $ | (23,484 | ) |  | $ | 63,519 |

Intangible assets are amortized over their useful lives, which range from 4 to 25 years, with a total weighted average amortization period of approximately 15 years at June 30, 2017. Amortization expense for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $1,695 and $2,789, respectively. Amortization expense for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $3,454 and $6,055, respectively.
Estimated amortization expense for the remainder of 2017 and thereafter is as follows:

| Amortization Expense
2017 | $ | 3,543 |
2018 | 6,982 |
2019 | 6,261 |
2020 | 5,941 |
2021 | 5,921 |
2022 and thereafter | 31,963 |
| $ | 60,611 |

4. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE
Credit is extended based upon an evaluation of the customer’s financial condition and, while collateral is not required, the Company periodically receives surety bonds that guarantee payment. Credit terms are consistent with industry standards and practices. The amounts of trade accounts receivable at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 have been reduced by an allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,927 and $1,417, respectively.
11

Table of Contents
5. INVENTORIES
Inventories at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 are summarized in the following table:

|  | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Finished goods |  | $ | 45,144 |  |  | $ | 46,673 |
Work-in-process |  | 23,592 |  |  | 21,716 |
Raw materials |  | 19,211 |  |  | 18,032 |
Total inventories at current costs |  | 87,947 |  |  | 86,421 |
Less: LIFO reserve |  | (3,359 | ) |  | (3,178 | )
|  | $ | 84,588 |  |  | $ | 83,243 |

Inventory is generally valued at the lower of last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) cost or market. Other inventories of the Company are valued at average cost or net realizable value, whichever is lower. An actual valuation of inventory under the LIFO method is made at the end of each year based on the inventory levels and costs at that time. Interim LIFO calculations are based on management’s estimates of expected year-end levels and costs.
6. PROPERTY, PLANT, AND EQUIPMENT
Property, plant, and equipment at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consist of the following:

|  | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Land |  | $ | 14,851 |  |  | $ | 14,826 |
Improvements to land and leaseholds |  | 17,404 |  |  | 17,408 |
Buildings |  | 34,209 |  |  | 33,910 |
Machinery and equipment, including equipment under capitalized leases |  | 121,975 |  |  | 118,060 |
Construction in progress |  | 1,001 |  |  | 1,291 |
|  | 189,440 |  |  | 185,495 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization, including accumulated amortization of capitalized leases |  | 87,887 |  |  | 81,522 |
|  | $ | 101,553 |  |  | $ | 103,973 |

We review our property, plant, and equipment for recoverability whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that carrying amounts may not be recoverable. We recognize an impairment loss if the carrying amount of a long-lived asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. There were no asset impairments of property, plant, and equipment during the six months ended June 30, 2017.
Depreciation expense for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 was $3,245 and $3,598, respectively. For the six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, depreciation expense was $6,527 and $7,325, respectively.
7. INVESTMENTS
The Company is a member of a joint venture, LB Pipe & Coupling Products, LLC (“LB Pipe JV”), in which it maintains a 45% ownership interest. LB Pipe JV manufactures, markets, and sells various precision coupling products for the energy, utility, and construction markets and is scheduled to terminate on June 30, 2019.
Under applicable guidance for variable interest entities in ASC 810, “Consolidation,” the Company determined that LB Pipe JV is a variable interest entity. The Company concluded that it is not the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity, as the Company does not have a controlling financial interest and does not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of LB Pipe JV. Accordingly, the Company concluded that the equity method of accounting remains appropriate.
At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company had a nonconsolidated equity method investment of $3,853 and $3,902, respectively, in LB Pipe JV and other equity investments totaling $123 and $129, respectively.
12

Table of Contents
The Company recorded equity in the income of LB Pipe JV of $150 and loss of $476 for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded equity in the loss of LB Pipe JV of $48 and $725, respectively. During 2016, the Company and the other 45% member each executed a revolving line of credit with LB Pipe JV with an available limit of $1,350. The Company and the other 45% member each loaned $1,235 to LB Pipe JV in an effort to maintain compliance with LB Pipe JV’s debt covenants with an unaffiliated bank. The Company’s loan with LB Pipe JV matures on December 15, 2017.
The Company’s exposure to loss results from its capital contributions and loans, net of the Company’s share of LB Pipe JV’s income or loss, and its net investment in the direct financing lease covering the facility used by LB Pipe JV for its operations, which is described below. The carrying amounts with the Company’s maximum exposure to loss at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, are as follows:

|  | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
LB Pipe JV equity method investment |  | $ | 3,853 |  |  | $ | 3,902 |
Revolving line of credit |  | 1,235 |  |  | 1,235 |
Net investment in direct financing lease |  | 806 |  |  | 871 |
|  | $ | 5,894 |  |  | $ | 6,008 |

The Company is leasing five acres of land and two facilities to LB Pipe JV through June 30, 2019, with a 5.5 year renewal period. The current monthly lease payments approximate $17, with a balloon payment of approximately $488, which is required to be paid either at the termination of the lease, allocated over the renewal period, or during the initial term of the lease. This lease qualifies as a direct financing lease under the applicable guidance in ASC 840-30, “Leases.”
The following is a schedule of the direct financing minimum lease payments for the remainder of 2017 and the years 2018 and thereafter:

| Minimum Lease Payments
2017 | $ | 71 |
2018 | 150 |
2019 | 585 |
| $ | 806 |

8. LONG-TERM DEBT
United States
Long-term debt consists of the following:

|  | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Revolving credit facility |  | $ | 120,617 |  |  | $ | 127,073 |
Term loan |  | 15,439 |  |  | 30,000 |
Capital leases and financing agreements |  | 1,928 |  |  | 2,492 |
Total |  | 137,984 |  |  | 159,565 |
Less current maturities |  | 10,051 |  |  | 10,386 |
Long-term portion |  | $ | 127,933 |  |  | $ | 149,179 |

On November 7, 2016, the Company, its domestic subsidiaries, and certain of its Canadian subsidiaries entered into the Second Amendment (the “Second Amendment”) to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated March 13, 2015 and as amended by the First Amendment dated June 29, 2016 (the “Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”), with PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company. This Second Amendment modifies the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which had a maximum revolving credit line of $275,000. The Second Amendment reduces the permitted revolving credit borrowings to $195,000 and provides for additional term loan borrowing of $30,000 (the “Term Loan”). The Term Loan will be subject to quarterly straight line amortization until fully paid off upon the final payment on January 1, 2020. Furthermore, certain matters, including excess cash flow, asset sales, and equity issuances, trigger mandatory prepayments to the Term Loan. Term Loan borrowings will not be available to draw upon once they have been repaid. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Second Amendment or Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, as applicable.
13

Table of Contents
The Second Amendment further provides for modifications to the financial covenants as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Second Amendment calls for the elimination of the Maximum Leverage Ratio covenant through the quarter ended June 30, 2018. After that period, the Maximum Gross Leverage Ratio covenant will be reinstated to require a maximum ratio of 4.25 Consolidated Indebtedness to 1.00 Gross Leverage for the quarter ended September 30, 2018, and 3.75 to 1.00 for all periods thereafter until the maturity date of the credit facility. The Second Amendment also includes a Minimum Last Twelve Months EBITDA covenant (“Minimum EBITDA”). For the quarter ending December 31, 2016 through the quarter ending June 30, 2017, the Minimum EBITDA must be at least $18,500. For each quarter thereafter, through the quarter ended June 30, 2018, the Minimum EBITDA requirement will increase by various increments. At June 30, 2018, the Minimum EBITDA requirement will be $31,000. After the quarter ended June 30, 2018, the Minimum EBITDA covenant will be eliminated through the maturity of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Second Amendment also includes a Minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio covenant. The covenant represents the ratio of the Company’s fixed charges to the last twelve months of EBITDA, and is required to be a minimum of 1.00 to 1.00 through the quarter ended December 31, 2017 and 1.25 to 1.00 for each quarter thereafter through the maturity of the credit facility. The final financial covenant included in the Second Amendment is a Minimum Liquidity covenant which calls for a minimum of $25,000 in undrawn availability on the revolving credit loan at all times through the quarter ended June 30, 2018. The Second Amendment includes several changes to certain non-financial covenants as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Through the maturity date of the loan, the Company is now prohibited from making any future acquisitions. The limitation on permitted annual distributions of dividends or redemptions of the Company’s stock has been decreased from $4,000 to $1,700. The aggregate limitation on loans to and investments in non-loan parties was decreased from $10,000 to $5,000. Furthermore, the limitation on asset sales has been decreased from $25,000 annually with a carryover of up to $15,000 from the prior year to $25,000 in the aggregate through the maturity date of the credit facility.
At June 30, 2017, L.B. Foster was in compliance with the Second Amendment’s covenants.
The Second Amendment provides for the elimination of the three lowest tiers of the pricing grid that had previously been defined in the First Amendment. Upon execution of the Second Amendment through the quarter ended March 31, 2018, the Company will be locked into the highest tier of the pricing grid, which provides for pricing of the prime rate plus 225 basis points on base rate loans and the applicable LIBOR rate plus 325 basis points on euro rate loans. For each quarter after March 31, 2018 and through the maturity date of the credit facility, the Company’s position on the pricing grid will be governed by a Minimum Net Leverage ratio, which is the ratio of Consolidated Indebtedness less cash on hand in excess of $15,000 to EBITDA. If, after March 31, 2018, the Minimum Net Leverage ratio positions the Company on the lowest tier of the pricing grid, pricing will be the prime rate plus 150 basis points on base rate loans or the applicable LIBOR rate plus 250 basis points on euro rate loans.
At June 30, 2017, L.B. Foster had outstanding letters of credit of approximately $425 and had net available borrowing capacity of $48,958. The maturity date of the facility is March 13, 2020.
United Kingdom
A subsidiary of the Company has a credit facility with NatWest Bank for its United Kingdom operations, which includes an overdraft availability of £1,500 pounds sterling (approximately $1,954 at June 30, 2017). This credit facility supports the subsidiary’s working capital requirements and is collateralized by substantially all of the assets of its United Kingdom operations. The interest rate on this facility is the financial institution’s base rate plus 2.50%. Outstanding performance bonds reduce availability under this credit facility. The subsidiary of the Company had no outstanding borrowings under this credit facility at June 30, 2017. There was approximately $401 in outstanding guarantees (as defined in the underlying agreement) at June 30, 2017. This credit facility was renewed and amended during the fourth quarter of 2016 with all underlying terms and conditions remaining unchanged as a result of the renewal. It is the Company’s intention to renew this credit facility with NatWest Bank during the annual review within the forth quarter of 2017.
The United Kingdom credit facility contains certain financial covenants that require the subsidiary to maintain senior interest and cash flow coverage ratios. The subsidiary was in compliance with these financial covenants at June 30, 2017. The subsidiary had available borrowing capacity of $1,553 at June 30, 2017.
14

Table of Contents
9. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company determines the fair value of assets and liabilities based on the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The fair values are based on assumptions that market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in valuation techniques and the inputs to valuations. The fair value hierarchy is based on whether the inputs to valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own assumptions of what market participants would use. The fair value hierarchy includes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value as described below:
Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.
The classification of a financial asset or liability within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
Cash equivalents - Included within “Cash and cash equivalents” are investments in non-domestic term deposits. The carrying amounts approximate fair value because of the short maturity of the instruments.
LIBOR-based interest rate swaps - To reduce the impact of interest rate changes on outstanding variable-rate debt, the Company entered into forward starting LIBOR-based interest rate swaps with notional values totaling $50,000. The fair value of the interest rate swaps is based on market-observable forward interest rates and represents the estimated amount that the Company would pay to terminate the agreements. As such, the swap agreements are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. At June 30, 2017, the interest rate swaps were recorded within other accrued liabilities.

|  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date and Using |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date and Using
|  | June 30, 2017 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | December 31, 2016 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Term deposits |  | $ | 6,506 |  |  | $ | 6,506 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Total assets |  | $ | 6,506 |  |  | $ | 6,506 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | 16 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate swaps |  | $ | 405 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 405 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 334 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 334 |  |  | $ | — |
Total liabilities |  | $ | 405 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 405 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 334 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 334 |  |  | $ | — |

The interest rate swaps are accounted for as fair value hedges and substantially offset the changes in fair value of the hedged portion of the underlying debt that are attributable to the changes in market risk. Therefore, the gains and losses related to changes in the fair value of the interest rate swaps are included in interest income or expense, in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the three months ended June 30, 2017, interest expense from interest rate swaps was $114. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, interest expense from interest rate swaps was $204.
15

Table of Contents
10. EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE
(Share amounts in thousands)
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share for the periods indicated:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 3,024 |  |  | $ | (91,996 | ) |  | $ | 602 |  |  | $ | (94,828 | )
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding |  | 10,335 |  |  | 10,263 |  |  | 10,327 |  |  | 10,248 |
Denominator for basic earnings per common share |  | 10,335 |  |  | 10,263 |  |  | 10,327 |  |  | 10,248 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock compensation plans |  | 148 |  |  | — |  |  | 200 |  |  | — |
Dilutive potential common shares |  | 148 |  |  | — |  |  | 200 |  |  | — |
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share - adjusted weighted average shares outstanding and assumed conversions |  | 10,483 |  |  | 10,263 |  |  | 10,527 |  |  | 10,248 |
Basic earnings (loss) per common share |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | (8.96 | ) |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | (9.25 | )
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | (8.96 | ) |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | (9.25 | )
Dividends paid per common share |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.04 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.08 |

There were approximately 47 and 46 anti-dilutive shares during the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2016, respectively, excluded from the above calculation.
11. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The Company applies the provisions of FASB ASC 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation,” to account for the Company’s stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the calculated fair value of the award and is recognized over the employees’ requisite service period. The Company recorded stock compensation expense of $558 and $807 for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, related to fully-vested stock awards, restricted stock awards, and performance unit awards. Stock compensation expense of $725 and $555 was recorded for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. At June 30, 2017, unrecognized compensation expense for awards that the Company expects to vest approximated $4,043. The Company will recognize this expense over the upcoming 3.75 years through March 2021.
Shares issued as a result of vested stock-based compensation generally will be from previously issued shares that have been reacquired by the Company and held as Treasury stock or authorized and previously unissued common stock.
During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recognized a tax deficiency of $116 related to stock-based compensation, which was fully offset by a valuation allowance, and $124 for the six months ended June 30, 2016. Applying the prospective approach to ASU 2016-09, the change in excess income tax deficiency has been included in cash flows from operating activities for the six months ended June 30, 2017 in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Restricted Stock Awards and Performance Unit Awards
Under the 2006 Omnibus Plan, the Company grants eligible employees restricted stock and performance unit awards. The forfeitable restricted stock awards granted prior to March 2015 generally time-vest after a four-year period, and those granted subsequent to March 2015 generally time-vest ratably over a three-year period, unless indicated otherwise by the underlying restricted stock agreement. Performance unit awards are offered annually under separate three-year long-term incentive programs. Performance units are subject to forfeiture and will be converted into common stock of the Company based upon the Company’s performance relative to performance measures and conversion multiples as defined in the underlying program. If the Company’s estimate of the number of performance stock awards expected to vest changes in a subsequent accounting period, cumulative compensation expense could increase or decrease. The change will be recognized in the current period for the vested shares and would change future expense over the remaining vesting period.
16

Table of Contents
During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, the Nomination and Governance Committee and Board of Directors jointly approved the Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors under the 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan, which permits Non-Employee Directors of the Company to defer receipt of earned compensation for serving on the Board. During the quarter ended March 31, 2017, the Compensation Committee approved the 2017 Performance Share Unit Program and the Executive Annual Incentive Compensation Plan (consisting of cash and equity components). The Compensation Committee also certified the actual performance achievement of participants in the 2014 Performance Share Unit Program. Actual performance resulted in no payout relative to the 2014 Performance Share Unit Program target performance metrics.
The following table summarizes the restricted stock award, deferred stock award, and performance unit award activity for the period ended June 30, 2017:

|  | Restricted Stock |  | Deferred Stock |  | Performance Stock Units |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2016 |  | 79,272 |  |  | — |  |  | 63,690 |  |  | $ | 21.66 |
Granted |  | 167,404 |  |  | 20,175 |  |  | 112,208 |  |  | 14.06 |
Vested |  | (21,808 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28.08 |
Adjustment for incentive awards expected to vest |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,871 |  |  | 17.86 |
Cancelled |  | (31,766 | ) |  | — |  |  | (35,274 | ) |  | 14.26 |
Outstanding at June 30, 2017 |  | 193,102 |  |  | 20,175 |  |  | 144,495 |  |  | $ | 16.37 |

12. RETIREMENT PLANS
Retirement Plans
The Company has seven retirement plans that cover its hourly and salaried employees in the United States: three defined benefit plans (one active / two frozen) and four defined contribution plans. Employees are eligible to participate in the appropriate plan based on employment classification. The Company’s contributions to the defined benefit and defined contribution plans are governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) and the Company’s policy and investment guidelines of the applicable plan. The Company’s policy is to contribute at least the minimum in accordance with the funding standards of ERISA.
The Company’s subsidiary, L.B. Foster Rail Technologies, Inc. (“Rail Technologies”), maintains two defined contribution plans for its employees in Canada, as well as a post-retirement benefit plan. In the United Kingdom, Rail Technologies maintains two defined contribution plans and a defined benefit plan.
United States Defined Benefit Plans
Net periodic pension costs for the United States defined benefit pension plans for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Service cost |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18 |
Interest cost |  | 171 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 342 |  |  | 372 |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (178 | ) |  | (179 | ) |  | (355 | ) |  | (358 | )
Recognized net actuarial loss |  | 33 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 138 |
Net periodic pension cost |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 170 |

The Company does not expect to contribute to its United States defined benefit plans in 2017.
17

Table of Contents
United Kingdom Defined Benefit Plans
Net periodic pension costs for the United Kingdom defined benefit pension plan for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Interest cost |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 75 |  |  | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 150 |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (66 | ) |  | (84 | ) |  | (132 | ) |  | (168 | )
Amortization of prior service costs and transition amount |  | 4 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 10 |
Recognized net actuarial loss |  | 71 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 142 |  |  | 78 |
Net periodic pension cost |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 128 |  |  | $ | 70 |

United Kingdom regulations require trustees to adopt a prudent approach to funding required contributions to defined benefit pension plans. Employer contributions of approximately $244 are anticipated to the United Kingdom Rail Technologies pension plan during 2017. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company contributed approximately $122 to the plan.
Defined Contribution Plans
The Company sponsors eight defined contribution plans for hourly and salaried employees across our domestic and international facilities. The following table summarizes the expense associated with the contributions made to these plans.

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
United States |  | $ | 410 |  |  | $ | 445 |  |  | $ | 861 |  |  | $ | 1,137 |
Canada |  | 54 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 118 |
United Kingdom |  | 98 |  |  | 160 |  |  | 213 |  |  | 218 |
|  | $ | 562 |  |  | $ | 672 |  |  | $ | 1,187 |  |  | $ | 1,473 |

13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
Product Liability Claims
The Company is subject to product warranty claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business. For certain manufactured products, the Company maintains a product warranty accrual which is adjusted on a monthly basis as a percentage of cost of sales. The product warranty accrual is periodically adjusted based on the identification or resolution of known individual product warranty claims.
The following table sets forth the Company’s product warranty accrual:

| Warranty Liability
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | 10,154 |
Additions to warranty liability | 1,341 |
Warranty liability utilized | (2,327 | )
Balance at June 30, 2017 | $ | 9,168 |

Included within the above table are concrete tie warranty reserves of approximately $7,584 and $7,574 at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
18

Table of Contents
Union Pacific Railroad (UPRR) Concrete Tie Matter
On July 12, 2011, UPRR notified (the “UPRR Notice”) the Company and its subsidiary, CXT Incorporated (“CXT”), of a warranty claim under CXT’s 2005 supply contract relating to the sale of pre-stressed concrete railroad ties to UPRR. UPRR asserted that a significant percentage of concrete ties manufactured in 2006 through 2011 at CXT’s Grand Island, NE facility failed to meet contract specifications, had workmanship defects and were cracking and failing prematurely. Of the 3 million ties manufactured between 1998 and 2011 from the Grand Island, NE facility, approximately 1.6 million ties were sold during the period UPRR had claimed nonconformance.The 2005 contract called for each concrete tie which failed to conform to the specifications or had a material defect in workmanship to be replaced with 1.5 new concrete ties, provided, that, within five years of the sale of a concrete tie, UPRR notified CXT of such failure to conform or such defect in workmanship.
The UPRR Notice did not specify how many ties manufactured during this period were defective nor the exact nature of the alleged workmanship defect.
Following the UPRR Notice, the Company worked with material scientists and pre-stressed concrete experts to test a representative sample of Grand Island, NE concrete ties and assess warranty claims for certain concrete ties made in its Grand Island, NE facility between 1998 and 2011. The Company discontinued manufacturing operations in Grand Island, NE in early 2011.
2012
During 2012, the Company completed sufficient testing and analysis to further understand this matter. Based upon testing results and expert analysis, the Company believed it discovered conditions, which largely related to the 2006 to 2007 manufacturing period, that can shorten the life of the concrete ties produced during this period. During the fourth quarter of 2012 and first quarter of 2013, the Company reached agreement with UPRR on several matters including a tie rating process for the Company and UPRR to work together to identify, prioritize, and replace defective ties that meet the criteria for replacement. This process applies to the ties the Company shipped to UPRR from its Grand Island, NE facility from 1998 to 2011. During most of this period, the Company’s warranty policy for UPRR carried a 5-year warranty with a 1.5:1 replacement ratio for any defective ties. In order to accommodate UPRR and other customer concerns, the Company also reverted to a previously used warranty policy providing a 15-year warranty with a 1:1 replacement ratio. This change provided an additional 10 years of warranty protection. In the amended 2005 supply agreement, the Company and UPRR also extended the supply of Tucson ties by five years and agreed on a cash payment of $12,000 to UPRR as compensation for concrete ties already replaced by UPRR during the investigation period.
During 2012, as a result of the testing that the Company conducted on concrete ties manufactured at its former Grand Island, NE facility and the developments related to UPRR and other customer matters, the Company recorded pre-tax warranty charges of $22,000 in “Cost of Goods Sold” within its Rail Products and Services segment based on the Company’s estimate of the number of defective concrete ties that will ultimately require replacement during the applicable warranty periods.
2013
Throughout 2013, at UPRR’s request and under the terms of the amended 2005 supply agreement, the Company provided warranty replacement concrete ties for use across certain UPRR subdivisions. The Company attempted to reconcile the quantity of warranty claims for ties replaced and obtain supporting detail for the ties removed. The Company believes that UPRR did not replace concrete ties in accordance with the amended agreement and has not furnished adequate documentation throughout the replacement process in these subdivisions to support its full warranty claim. Based on the information received by the Company to date, the Company believes that a significant number of ties which UPRR replaced in these subdivisions did not meet the criteria to be covered as warranty replacement ties under the amended 2005 supply agreement. The disagreement related to the 2013 warranty replacement activity includes approximately 170,000 ties where the Company provided detailed documentation supporting our position with reason codes that detail why these ties are not eligible for a warranty claim.
In late November 2013, the Company received notice from UPRR asserting a material breach of the amended 2005 supply agreement. UPRR’s notice asserted that the failure to honor its claims for warranty ties in these subdivisions was a material breach. Following receipt of this notice, the Company provided information to UPRR to refute UPRR’s claim of breach and included the reconciliation of warranty claims supported by substantial findings from the Company’s track observation team, all within the 90-day cure period. The Company also proposed further discussions to reach agreement on reconciliation for 2013 replacement activities and future replacement activities and a recommended process that will ensure future replacement activities are done with appropriate documentation and per the terms of the amended 2005 supply agreement.
19

Table of Contents
2014
During the first quarter of 2014, the Company further responded within the 90-day cure period to UPRR’s claim and presented a reconciliation for the subdivisions at issue. This proposed reconciliation was based on empirical data and visual observation from Company employees that were present during the replacement process for a substantial majority of the concrete ties replaced. The Company spent considerable time documenting facts related to concrete tie condition and track condition to assess whether the ties replaced met the criteria to be eligible for replacement under the terms of the amended 2005 supply agreement.
During 2014, the Company increased its accrual by an additional $8,766 based on revised estimates of ties to be replaced based upon scientific testing and other analysis, adjusted for ties already provided to UPRR. The Company continued to work with UPRR to identify, replace, and reconcile defective ties related to the warranty claim in accordance with the amended 2005 supply agreement. The Company and UPRR met during the third quarter of 2014 to evaluate each other’s position in an effort to work towards agreement on the unreconciled 2013 and 2014 replacement activity as well as the standards and practices to be implemented for future replacement activity and warranty tie replacement.
In November and December of 2014, the Company received additional notices from UPRR asserting that ties manufactured in 2000 were defective and again asserting material breaches of the amended 2005 supply agreement relating to warranty tie replacements as well as certain new ties provided to UPRR being out of specification.
At December 31, 2014, the Company and UPRR had not been able to reconcile the disagreement related to the 2013 and 2014 warranty replacement activity. The disagreement relating to the 2014 warranty replacement activity includes approximately 90,100 ties that the Company believes are not warranty-eligible.
2015
On January 23, 2015, UPRR filed a Complaint and Demand for Jury Trial in the District Court for Douglas County, NE (“Complaint”) against the Company and its subsidiary, CXT, asserting, among other matters, that the Company breached its express warranty, breached an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and anticipatorily repudiated its warranty obligations, and that UPRR’s exclusive and limited remedy provisions in the supply agreement have failed of their essential purpose which entitles UPRR to recover all incidental and consequential damages. The Complaint seeks to cancel all duties of UPRR under the contract, to adjudge the Company as having no remaining rights under the contracts, and to recover damages in an amount to be determined at trial for the value of unfulfilled warranty replacement ties and ties likely to become warranty eligible, for costs of cover for replacement ties, and for various incidental and consequential damages. The amended 2005 supply agreement provides that UPRR’s exclusive remedy is to receive a replacement tie that meets the contract specifications for each tie that failed to meet the contract specifications or otherwise contained a material defect provided that the Company receives written notice of such failure or defect within 15 years after that tie was produced. The amended 2005 supply agreement provides that the Company’s warranty does not apply to ties that (a) have been repaired or altered without the Company’s written consent in such a way as to affect the stability or reliability thereof, (b) have been subject to misuse, negligence, or accident, or (c) have been improperly maintained or used contrary to the specifications for which such ties were produced. The amended 2005 supply agreement also continues to provide that the Company’s warranty is in lieu of all other express or implied warranties and that neither party shall be subject to or liable for any incidental or consequential damages to the other party. The dispute is largely based on (1) claims submitted that the Company believes are for ties claimed for warranty replacement that are inaccurately under concrete tie rating guidelines and procedures agreed to in 2012 and incorporated by amendment to the 2005 supply agreement rated and are not the responsibility of the Company and claims that do not meet the criteria of a warranty replacement and (2) UPRR’s assertion, which the Company vigorously disputes, that UPRR in future years will be entitled to warranty replacement ties for virtually all of the Grand Island ties. Many thousands of Grand Island ties have been performing in track for over ten years. In addition, a significant amount of Grand Island ties were rated by both parties in the excellent category of the rating system.
In June 2015, UPRR delivered an additional notice alleging deficiencies in certain ties produced in the Company’s Tucson and Spokane locations and other claimed material breaches which the Company contends are unfounded. The Company again responded to UPRR that it was not in material breach of the amended 2005 supply agreement relating to warranty tie replacements and that the ties in question complied with the specifications provided by UPRR.
On June 16 and 17, 2015, UPRR issued formal notice of the termination of the concrete tie supply agreement as well as the termination of the lease agreement at the Tucson, AZ production facility and rejection and revocation of its prior acceptance of certain ties manufactured at the Company’s Spokane, WA production facility. Since that time, UPRR has discontinued submitting purchase orders to the Company for shipment of warranty replacement ties.
20

Table of Contents
On May 29, 2015, the Company and CXT filed an Answer, Affirmative Defenses and Counterclaims in response to the Complaint, denying liability to UPRR. As a result of UPRR’s subsequent June 16-17, 2015 actions and certain related conduct, the Company on October 5, 2015 amended the pending Answer, Affirmative Defenses and Counterclaims to add, among other things, assertions that UPRR’s conduct in question was wrongful and unjustified and constituted additional grounds for the affirmative defenses to UPRR’s claims and also for the Company’s counterclaims.
2016
By Scheduling Order dated June 29, 2016, an August 31, 2017 deadline for the completion of fact discovery was established with trial to proceed at some future date after October 30, 2017, and UPRR filed an amended notice of trial to commence on October 30, 2017.
2017
By Second Amended Scheduling Order dated February 22, 2017, a March 31, 2018 deadline for completion of discovery has been established with trial to proceed at some future date after June 1, 2018. During the first six months ended June 30, 2017, the parties continued to conduct discovery, with various disputes that required and will likely require court resolution. The Company intends to continue to engage in discussions in an effort to resolve the UPRR matter. However, we cannot predict that such discussions will be successful, or that the results of the litigation with UPRR, or any settlement or judgment amounts, will reasonably approximate our estimated accruals for loss contingencies. Future potential costs pertaining to UPRR’s claims and the outcome of the UPRR litigation could result in a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows.
As a result of the preliminary status of the litigation and the uncertainty of any potential judgment, an estimate of any additional loss, or a range of additional loss, associated with this litigation cannot be made based upon currently available information.
Environmental and Legal Proceedings
The Company is subject to national, state, foreign, provincial, and/or local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment. The Company’s efforts to comply with environmental regulations may have an adverse effect on its future earnings. On June 5, 2017, a General Notice Letter was received from the United States Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA") indicating that the Company may be a potentially responsible party regarding the Portland Harbor Superfund Site cleanup along with numerous other companies. The Company is reviewing the basis for its identification by the EPA and the nature of the historic operations of an L.B. Foster predecessor on the site. Management does not believe, compliance with the present environmental protection laws will have a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, competitive position, or capital expenditures of the Company.
At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company maintained environmental reserves approximating $6,253 and $6,270, respectively. The following table sets forth the Company’s environmental obligation:

| Environmental liability
Balance at December 31, 2016 | $ | 6,270 |
Additions to environmental obligations | 4 |
Environmental obligations utilized | (21 | )
Balance at June 30, 2017 | $ | 6,253 |

The Company is also subject to other legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Legal actions are subject to inherent uncertainties, and future events could change management's assessment of the probability or estimated amount of potential losses from pending or threatened legal actions. Based on available information, it is the opinion of management that the ultimate resolution of pending or threatened legal actions, both individually and in the aggregate, will not result in losses having a material adverse effect on the Company's financial position or liquidity at June 30, 2017.
If management believes that, based on available information, it is at least reasonably possible that a material loss (or additional material loss in excess of any accrual) will be incurred in connection with any legal actions, the Company discloses an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss, either individually or in the aggregate, as appropriate, if such an estimate can be made, or discloses that an estimate cannot be made. Based on the Company's assessment at June 30, 2017, no such disclosures were considered necessary.
21

Table of Contents
14. INCOME TAXES
For the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded a tax provision of $475 on pretax income of $3,499 and a tax benefit of $37,429 on pretax losses of $129,425, respectively, for an effective income tax rate of 13.6% and 28.9%, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company recorded a tax provision of $906 on pretax income of $1,508 and a tax benefit of $38,746 on pretax losses of $133,574, respectively, for an effective income tax rate of 60.1% and 29.0%, respectively. Due to the full valuation allowance on our domestic deferred tax assets, the Company’s tax provision for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 does not reflect any tax benefit for domestic pretax losses, and is primarily comprised of taxes on our Canadian and United Kingdom operations. The Company’s full valuation allowance position in its U.S. jurisdiction is likely to result in significant variability of the effective tax rate throughout the course of the year. Changes in pretax income projections and the mix of income across jurisdictions could also impact the effective income tax rate each quarter.
15. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Management evaluated all of the activity of the Company and concluded that no subsequent events have occurred that would require recognition in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements or disclosure in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
22

Table of Contents
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Many of the forward-looking statements are located in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Forward-looking statements provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Sentences containing words such as “believe,” “intend,” “plan,” “may,” “expect,” “should,” “could,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “predict,” “project,” or their negatives, or other similar expressions of a future or forward-looking nature generally should be considered forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may concern, among other things, L.B. Foster Company’s (the “Company”) expectations relating to our strategy, goals, projections, and plans regarding our financial position, liquidity, capital resources and results of operations; the outcome of litigation and product warranty claims; decisions regarding our strategic growth initiatives, market position, and product development; all of which are based on current estimates that involve inherent risks and uncertainties. The Company has based these forward-looking statements on current expectations and assumptions about future events. While the Company considers these expectations and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory, and other risks and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond the Company’s control. The Company cautions readers that various factors could cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. Among the factors that could cause the actual results to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements are risks and uncertainties related to: environmental matters, including any costs associated with any remediation and monitoring; a resumption of the economic slowdown we have experienced the previous two years in the markets we serve; the risk of doing business in international markets; our ability to effectuate our strategy, including cost reduction initiatives, and our ability to effectively integrate acquired businesses and realize anticipated benefits; costs of and impacts associated with shareholder activism; a decrease in freight or passenger rail traffic; the timeliness and availability of materials from our major suppliers, including the impact on our access to supplies of customer preferences as to the origin of such supplies, such as customer’s concerns about conflict minerals; labor disputes; our ability to extend the term of the lease for our Birmingham, Alabama facility, which expired on July 31, 2017, and any such costs associated with such extension; the continuing effective implementation of an enterprise resource planning system; changes in current accounting estimates and their ultimate outcomes; the adequacy of internal and external sources of funds to meet financing needs, including our ability to negotiate any additional necessary amendments to our credit agreement; the Company’s ability to manage its working capital requirements and indebtedness; domestic and international taxes; foreign currency fluctuations; inflation; economic conditions and regulatory changes caused by the United Kingdom’s pending exit from the European Union; sustained declines in energy prices; a lack of state or federal funding for new infrastructure projects; increased domestic and foreign government regulation; an increase in manufacturing or material costs; the ultimate number of concrete ties that will have to be replaced pursuant to the previously disclosed product warranty claim of the Union Pacific Railroad (“UPRR”) and an overall resolution of the related contract claims as well as the possible costs associated with the outcome of the lawsuit filed by the UPRR; the loss of future revenues from current customers; and risks inherent in litigation. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements prove incorrect, actual outcomes could vary materially from those indicated. Significant risks and uncertainties that may affect the operations, performance, and results of the Company’s business and forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those set forth under Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and our other periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The forward-looking statements in this report are made as of the date of this report and we assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise, except as required by the federal securities laws.
General Overview
L.B. Foster Company (the “Company”) is a leading manufacturer and distributor of products and services for the transportation and energy infrastructure with locations in North America and Europe. The Company is comprised of three business segments: Rail Products and Services, Construction Products, and Tubular and Energy Services.
23

Table of Contents
Quarter-to-date Results
The segment gross profit measures presented within Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") tables constitute non-GAAP financial measures disclosed by management to provide investors and other users information to evaluate the performance of the Company’s segments on a more comparable basis to market trends and peers. The exclusion of significant cost allocations to the reportable segments:

• | Allows users to understand the operational performance of our reportable segments;

• | Provides greater comparability to other registrants with similar businesses and avoids possible non-comparability at the reportable segment pre-tax profit level resulting from our specific corporate cost allocations; and

• | Facilitates a clearer, market-based perspective on the strength or weakness of our reportable segments in their markets to better aid in investment decisions.

In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures have historically been key metrics utilized by segment managers to monitor selling prices and quantities as well as production and service costs to better evaluate key profitability drivers and trends that may develop due to industry and competitive conditions.

Three months ended June 30, 2017 |  | Rail Products and Services |  | Construction Products |  | Tubular and Energy Services |  | Total
Reportable Segment Profit (Loss) |  | $ | 3,977 |  |  | $ | 4,551 |  |  | $ | (17 | ) |  | $ | 8,511 |
Segment and Allocated Selling & Administrative |  | 9,179 |  |  | 4,437 |  |  | 4,451 |  |  | 18,067 |
Amortization Expense |  | 872 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 786 |  |  | 1,695 |
Asset Impairments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-GAAP Segment Gross Profit |  | $ | 14,028 |  |  | $ | 9,025 |  |  | $ | 5,220 |  |  | $ | 28,273 |
Three months ended June 30, 2016 |  | Rail Products and Services |  | Construction Products |  | Tubular and Energy Services |  | Total
Reportable Segment (Loss) Profit |  | $ | (25,168 | ) |  | $ | 3,944 |  |  | $ | (102,983 | ) |  | $ | (124,207 | )
Segment and Allocated Selling & Administrative |  | 10,728 |  |  | 4,909 |  |  | 4,320 |  |  | 19,957 |
Amortization Expense |  | 988 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 1,763 |  |  | 2,789 |
Asset Impairments |  | 28,342 |  |  | — |  |  | 100,596 |  |  | 128,938 |
Non-GAAP Segment Gross Profit |  | $ | 14,890 |  |  | $ | 8,891 |  |  | $ | 3,696 |  |  | $ | 27,477 |

24

Table of Contents

|  |  |  |  |  | Percent of Total Net Sales |  |
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended |  | Percent Increase/ (Decrease)
|  | June 30, |  | June 30, |
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
Net Sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rail Products and Services |  | $ | 69,347 |  |  | $ | 67,503 |  |  | 47.9 | % |  | 49.6 | % |  | 2.7 | %
Construction Products |  | 45,465 |  |  | 40,348 |  |  | 31.4 |  |  | 29.7 |  |  | 12.7 |
Tubular and Energy Services |  | 30,048 |  |  | 28,143 |  |  | 20.7 |  |  | 20.7 |  |  | 6.8 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 144,860 |  |  | $ | 135,994 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 6.5 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Non-GAAP / Reported Gross Profit Percentage |  | Percent Increase/ (Decrease)
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |  | June 30, |
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
Gross Profit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-GAAP Rail Products and Services |  | $ | 14,028 |  |  | $ | 14,890 |  |  | 20.2 | % |  | 22.1 | % |  | (5.8 | )%
Non-GAAP Construction Products |  | 9,025 |  |  | 8,891 |  |  | 19.9 |  |  | 22.0 |  |  | 1.5 |
Non-GAAP Tubular and Energy Services |  | 5,220 |  |  | 3,696 |  |  | 17.4 |  |  | 13.1 |  |  | 41.2 |
Non-GAAP Segment gross profit |  | 28,273 |  |  | 27,477 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LIFO (expense) income |  | (192 | ) |  | 452 |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | 0.3 |  |  | (142.5 | )
Other |  | (345 | ) |  | (116 | ) |  | (0.2 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | 197.4 |
Total gross profit |  | $ | 27,736 |  |  | $ | 27,813 |  |  | 19.1 | % |  | 20.5 | % |  | (0.3 | )%
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Percent Increase/ (Decrease)
|  |  |  |  |  | Percent of Total Net Sales |
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Three Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |  | June 30, |
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling and administrative expenses |  | $ | 20,578 |  |  | $ | 23,317 |  |  | 14.2 | % |  | 17.1 | % |  | (11.7 | )%
Amortization expense |  | 1,695 |  |  | 2,789 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | (39.2 | )
Asset impairments |  | — |  |  | 128,938 |  |  | — |  |  | 94.8 |  |  | (100.0 | )
Interest expense |  | 2,181 |  |  | 1,652 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | 32.0 |
Interest income |  | (54 | ) |  | (52 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.8 |
Equity in (income) loss of nonconsolidated investments |  | (145 | ) |  | 487 |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | 0.4 |  |  | (129.8 | )
Other (income) expense |  | (18 | ) |  | 107 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | (116.8 | )
Total expenses |  | $ | 24,237 |  |  | $ | 157,238 |  |  | 16.7 | % |  | 115.6 | % |  | (84.6 | )%
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 3,499 |  |  | $ | (129,425 | ) |  | 2.4 | % |  | (95.2 | )% |  | 102.7 | %
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | 475 |  |  | (37,429 | ) |  | 0.3 |  |  | (27.5 | ) |  | 101.3 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 3,024 |  |  | $ | (91,996 | ) |  | 2.1 | % |  | (67.6 | )% |  | 103.3 | %

25

Table of Contents
Second Quarter 2017 Compared to Second Quarter 2016 – Company Analysis
Net sales of $144,860 for the period ended June 30, 2017 increased by $8,866, or 6.5%, compared to the prior year quarter. The change was attributable to increases of 12.7%, 6.8%, and 2.7%, in Construction Products, Tubular and Energy Services, and Rail Products and Services, respectively.
Gross profit margin for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 was 19.1% or 140 basis points (“bps”) lower than the prior year quarter. The decrease was due to reductions of 210 bps and 190 bps, in Construction Products and Rail Products and Services, respectively. These reductions were partially offset by an increase of 430 bps within the Tubular and Energy Services segment.
Selling and administrative expenses decreased by $2,739 or 11.7% from the prior year. The decrease was primarily driven by personnel and discretionary spending reductions of $2,141 as well as reduced litigation costs related to the Union Pacific Railroad ("UPRR") matter of $479.
Amortization decreased $1,094, or 39.2%, as a result of the June 1, 2016 interim intangible asset impairment test, which was finalized during the three months ended September 30, 2016, resulting in a $59,786 impairment of definite-lived intangible assets. During the quarter ended June 30, 2016, the Company recorded total non-cash asset impairments of $128,938 from goodwill, definite-lived intangible assets, and property, plant, and equipment.
Interest expense, net of interest income, increased by $527, or 32.9%, as a result of the increase in interest rates on outstanding debt. Other income increased $125, or 116.8%, which primarily related to a loss on a sale of assets during the three months ended June 30, 2016.
The Company’s effective income tax rate for the three-month period ended June 30, 2017 was 13.6%, compared to 28.9% in the prior year quarter. For the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recorded a tax provision of $475, compared to a tax benefit of $37,429 in the three months ended June 30, 2016. Due to the full valuation allowance on our domestic deferred tax assets, the Company’s tax provision for the three months ended June 30, 2017 does not reflect any tax benefit for domestic pretax losses, and is primarily comprised of taxes related to our Canadian and United Kingdom operations.
Net income for the second quarter of 2017 was $3,024, or $0.29 per diluted share, compared to a net loss of $91,996, or $8.96 per diluted share, in the prior year quarter. The following table provides a reconciliation of the GAAP earnings per share value to the non-GAAP adjusted earnings 1 per share value for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016:

|  | Three Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016
|  | (Unaudited)
Adjusted Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share Reconciliation |  |  |  |
Net income (loss), as reported |  | $ | 3,024 |  |  | $ | (91,996 | )
Asset impairments, net of tax benefits of $38,038 |  | — |  |  | 90,900 |
Adjusted net income (loss) |  | $ | 3,024 |  |  | $ | (1,096 | )
Average number of common shares outstanding - Diluted |  | 10,483 |  |  | 10,263 |
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share, as reported |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | (8.96 | )
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share, as adjusted |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | (0.11 | )

1 All results in this Quarterly Report that exclude asset impairment charges are non-GAAP measures used for management reporting purposes. Management believes that these measures provide useful information to investors because they will assist investors in evaluating earnings performance on a comparable year-over-year basis.
26

Table of Contents
Results of Operations – Segment Analysis
Rail Products and Services

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Increase |  | Percent Increase
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 vs. 2016 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
Net Sales |  | $ | 69,347 |  |  | $ | 67,503 |  |  | $ | 1,844 |  |  | 2.7 | %
Segment Profit (Loss) |  | $ | 3,977 |  |  | $ | (25,168 | ) |  | $ | 29,145 |  |  | 115.8 | %
Segment Profit (Loss) Percentage |  | 5.7 | % |  | (37.3 | )% |  | 43.0 | % |  | 115.3 | %

Second Quarter 2017 Compared to Second Quarter 2016
Rail Products and Services segment sales increased $1,844, or 2.7%, compared to the prior year period. The sales increase was primarily driven domestically by our Allegheny Rail Products business, who saw increased demand in insulated joints from Class 1 railroads. Also, our Concrete Ties business began production and shipment on large orders received in the prior quarter. Internationally, our Canadian and European Rail Technologies businesses experienced volume related increases in sales.
The Rail Products and Services segment profit increased by $29,145 to 5.7% of net sales. The increase was primarily attributable to a reduction in selling and administrative expenses of $1,185, or 13.7%, and 2016 impairment charges of $28,342 related to Rail Technologies goodwill.
During the current quarter, the Rail Products and Services segment had a decrease in new orders of 10.4% compared to the prior year period, while backlog was $78,460 at June 30, 2017, an increase of 25.4%, compared to $62,580 at June 30, 2016. The Company is encouraged by positive trends signaling a recovering market as we exit the quarter, but expect a sales decline in our domestic distribution businesses as compared to the prior year.
Construction Products

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Increase |  | Percent Increase
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 vs. 2016 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
Net Sales |  | $ | 45,465 |  |  | $ | 40,348 |  |  | $ | 5,117 |  |  | 12.7 | %
Segment Profit |  | $ | 4,551 |  |  | $ | 3,944 |  |  | $ | 607 |  |  | 15.4 | %
Segment Profit Percentage |  | 10.0 | % |  | 9.8 | % |  | 0.2 | % |  | 2.0 | %

Second Quarter 2017 Compared to Second Quarter 2016
Construction Products segment sales increased $5,117, or 12.7%, compared to the prior year period. The increase related to Piling and Fabricated Bridge businesses of $5,275 and $2,021, respectively. The increase in Piling was primarily due to increased sheet piling sales during the quarter. Fabricated Bridge saw favorable sales in the current quarter due to several projects, including the continuation of the Peace Bridge project. This was offset by a reduction in Precast Concrete Products of $2,179.
The Construction Products segment profit increased $607 to 10.0% of net sales. The increase related to a reduction in selling and administrative expenses of $298, or 9.8%, and corporate allocation expenses of $177, or 9.5%.
During the quarter, the Construction Products segment had a decrease in new orders of 22.1% compared to the prior year period. The decrease related to the Fabricated Bridge business, which booked the $15,000 Peace Bridge order during the three months ended June 30, 2016. This was partially offset by increased new orders of 28.3% and 7.8% for our Piling and Precast Concrete Products businesses. Ending backlog in the Construction segment increased 13.4% to $75,540 from the prior year period.
27

Table of Contents
Tubular and Energy Services

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Increase |  | Percent Increase
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 vs. 2016 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
Net Sales |  | $ | 30,048 |  |  | $ | 28,143 |  |  | $ | 1,905 |  |  | 6.8 | %
Segment Loss |  | $ | (17 | ) |  | $ | (102,983 | ) |  | $ | 102,966 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Segment Loss Percentage |  | (0.1 | )% |  | (365.9 | )% |  | 365.8 | % |  | 100.0 | %

Second Quarter 2017 Compared to Second Quarter 2016
Tubular and Energy Services segment sales increased $1,905, or 6.8%, compared to the prior year period. The increase related to $4,987 and $4,399 from Test and Inspection Services and Protective Coatings businesses, respectively, partially offset by a $7,436 decrease in Precision Measurement Systems sales. The quarter showed increased new well count and demand within the upstream oil and gas market but was negatively impacted by weaker demand in our Precision Measurement Systems business.
Tubular and Energy Services segment loss decreased by $102,966, or 100.0%, compared to the prior year quarter. The quarter was favorably impacted by a reduction in amortization expense of $977 from the 2016 long-lived intangible asset impairment. The prior year was negatively affected by impairment charges of $100,596 for the three months ended June 30, 2016. Non-GAAP gross profit increased $1,524, or 41.2%, over the prior year period, due to Protective Coatings and Test and Inspection Services dilution of cost from increased sales volumes.
The Tubular and Energy Services segment had an increase in new orders of 26.1% compared to the prior year period. Orders for Protective Coatings and Test and Inspection Services increased 338.3% and 96.6%, respectively. The increase in orders was partially offset by a 34.4% reduction from our Precision Measurement Systems business. While the upstream oil and gas market continued to show signs of recovery in the current period, consistent with historical cycles, we expect our measurement midstream business to lag our upstream business.
On July 31, 2017, the lease at our Birmingham, Alabama facility expired. Management is actively in discussions with the landlord regarding the renewal of this lease and the Company maintains production obligations with the landlord, who is our primary customer, through October, 2017. The Company may incur costs associated with the lease renewal.
28

Table of Contents
Year-to-date Results
The segment gross profit measures presented within the MD&A tables constitute non-GAAP financial measures disclosed by management to provide investors and other users information to evaluate the performance of the Company’s segments on a more comparable basis to market trends and peers. The exclusion of significant cost allocations to the reportable segments:

• | Allows users to understand the operational performance of our reportable segments;

• | Provides greater comparability to other registrants with similar businesses and avoids possible non-comparability at the reportable segment pre-tax profit level resulting from our specific corporate cost allocations; and

• | Facilitates a clearer, market-based perspective on the strength or weakness of our reportable segments in their markets to better aid in investment decisions.

In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures have historically been key metrics utilized by segment managers to monitor selling prices and quantities as well as production and service costs to better evaluate key profitability drivers and trends that may develop due to industry and competitive conditions.

Six months ended June 30, 2017 |  | Rail Products and Services |  | Construction Products |  | Tubular and Energy Services |  | Total
Reportable Segment Profit (Loss) |  | $ | 5,466 |  |  | $ | 5,770 |  |  | $ | (525 | ) |  | $ | 10,711 |
Segment and Allocated Selling & Administrative |  | 17,950 |  |  | 9,214 |  |  | 8,375 |  |  | 35,539 |
Amortization Expense |  | 1,807 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 1,572 |  |  | 3,454 |
Asset Impairments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-GAAP Segment Gross Profit |  | $ | 25,223 |  |  | $ | 15,059 |  |  | $ | 9,422 |  |  | $ | 49,704 |
Six months ended June 30, 2016 |  | Rail Products and Services |  | Construction Products |  | Tubular and Energy Services |  | Total
Reportable Segment (Loss) Profit |  | $ | (24,427 | ) |  | $ | 4,392 |  |  | $ | (104,910 | ) |  | $ | (124,945 | )
Segment and Allocated Selling & Administrative |  | 22,928 |  |  | 9,998 |  |  | 8,601 |  |  | 41,527 |
Amortization Expense |  | 1,988 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 3,992 |  |  | 6,055 |
Asset Impairments |  | 28,342 |  |  | — |  |  | 100,596 |  |  | 128,938 |
Non-GAAP Segment Gross Profit |  | $ | 28,831 |  |  | $ | 14,465 |  |  | $ | 8,279 |  |  | $ | 51,575 |

29

Table of Contents

|  |  |  |  |  | Percent of Total Net Sales |  |
|  | Six Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended |  | Percent Increase/ (Decrease)
|  | June 30, |  | June 30, |
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
Net Sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rail Products and Services |  | $ | 125,827 |  |  | $ | 131,795 |  |  | 47.7 | % |  | 50.3 | % |  | (4.5 | )%
Construction Products |  | 82,787 |  |  | 72,228 |  |  | 31.4 |  |  | 27.5 |  |  | 14.6 |
Tubular and Energy Services |  | 54,948 |  |  | 58,281 |  |  | 20.9 |  |  | 22.2 |  |  | (5.7 | )
Total net sales |  | $ | 263,562 |  |  | $ | 262,304 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 0.5 | %
|  |  |  |  |  | Non-GAAP / Reported Gross Profit Percentage |  | Percent Increase/ (Decrease)
|  | Six Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |  | June 30, |
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
Gross Profit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-GAAP Rail Products and Services |  | $ | 25,223 |  |  | $ | 28,831 |  |  | 20.0 | % |  | 21.9 | % |  | (12.5 | )%
Non-GAAP Construction Products |  | 15,059 |  |  | 14,465 |  |  | 18.2 |  |  | 20.0 |  |  | 4.1 |
Non-GAAP Tubular and Energy Services |  | 9,422 |  |  | 8,279 |  |  | 17.1 |  |  | 14.2 |  |  | 13.8 |
Non-GAAP Segment gross profit |  | 49,704 |  |  | 51,575 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
LIFO (expense) income |  | (181 | ) |  | 525 |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | 0.2 |  |  | (134.5 | )
Other |  | (535 | ) |  | (327 | ) |  | (0.2 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | 63.6 |
Total gross profit |  | $ | 48,988 |  |  | $ | 51,773 |  |  | 18.6 | % |  | 19.7 | % |  | (5.4 | )%
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Percent Increase/ (Decrease)
|  |  |  |  |  | Percent of Total Net Sales |
|  | Six Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | June 30, |  | June 30, |
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling and administrative expenses |  | $ | 39,805 |  |  | $ | 46,134 |  |  | 15.1 | % |  | 17.6 | % |  | (13.7 | )%
Amortization expense |  | 3,454 |  |  | 6,055 |  |  | 1.3 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | (43.0 | )
Asset impairments |  | — |  |  | 128,938 |  |  | — |  |  | 49.2 |  |  | (100.0 | )
Interest expense |  | 4,289 |  |  | 2,822 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | 52.0 |
Interest income |  | (110 | ) |  | (107 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.8 |
Equity in loss of nonconsolidated investments |  | 55 |  |  | 683 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | (91.9 | )
Other (income) expense |  | (13 | ) |  | 822 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | (101.6 | )
Total expenses |  | $ | 47,480 |  |  | $ | 185,347 |  |  | 18.0 | % |  | 70.7 | % |  | (74.4 | )%
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 1,508 |  |  | $ | (133,574 | ) |  | 0.6 | % |  | (50.9 | )% |  | 101.1 | %
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | 906 |  |  | (38,746 | ) |  | 0.3 |  |  | (14.8 | ) |  | 102.3 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 602 |  |  | $ | (94,828 | ) |  | 0.2 | % |  | (36.2 | )% |  | 100.6 | %

30

Table of Contents
First Six Months of 2017 Compared to First Six Months of 2016 – Company Analysis
Net sales of $263,562 for the period ended June 30, 2017 increased by $1,258, or 0.5%, compared to the prior year period. The change was attributable to an increase of 14.6% in Construction Products segment sales. This increase was partially offset by decreases of 5.7% and 4.5%, in the Tubular and Energy Services and Rail Products and Services segments, respectively.
Gross profit margin for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was 18.6% or 110 bps lower than the prior year period. The decrease was due to a reduction of 190 bps and 180 bps, in Rail Products and Services and Construction Products, respectively. These reductions were partially offset by an increase of 290 bps within the Tubular and Energy Services segment.
Selling and administrative expenses decreased by $6,329 or 13.7% from the prior year. All three segments experienced decreases which were primarily driven by personnel and discretionary spending reductions of $4,948 and reduced litigation costs related to the UPRR matter of $951.
Amortization decreased $2,601, or 43.0%, as a result of the June 1, 2016 interim intangible asset impairment test, which was finalized during the three months ended September 30, 2016, resulting in a $59,786 impairment of definite-lived intangible assets. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company recorded total non-cash asset impairments of $128,938 from goodwill, definite-lived intangible assets, and property, plant, and equipment.
Interest expense, net of interest income, increased by $1,464, or 53.9%, as a result of the increase in interest rates on outstanding debt. Other income increased $835, or 101.6%, which primarily related to the impact of a weaker U.S. dollar relative to the Canadian dollar in the six months ended June 30, 2017 and a loss on the sale of assets in the prior year period.
The Company’s effective income tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was 60.1%, compared to 29.0% in the prior year period. For the first six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company recorded a tax provision of $906, compared to a tax benefit of $38,746 in the six months ended June 30, 2016. Due to the full valuation allowance on our domestic deferred tax assets, the Company’s tax provision for the six months ended June 30, 2017 does not reflect any tax benefit for domestic pretax losses, and is primarily comprised of taxes related to our Canadian and United Kingdom operations.
Net income for the first six months of 2017 was $602, or $0.06 per diluted share, compared to a net loss of $94,828, or $9.25 per diluted share, in the prior year period. The following table provides a reconciliation of the GAAP earnings per share value to the non-GAAP adjusted earnings 1 per share value for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016:

|  | Six Months Ended June 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016
|  | (Unaudited)
Adjusted Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share Reconciliation |  |  |  |
Net income (loss), as reported |  | $ | 602 |  |  | $ | (94,828 | )
Asset impairments, net of tax benefits of $38,038 |  | — |  |  | 90,900 |
Adjusted net income (loss) |  | $ | 602 |  |  | $ | (3,928 | )
Average number of common shares outstanding - Diluted |  | 10,527 |  |  | 10,248 |
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share, as reported |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | (9.25 | )
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share, as adjusted |  | $ | 0.06 |  |  | $ | (0.38 | )

1 All results in this Quarterly Report that exclude asset impairment charges are non-GAAP measures used for management reporting purposes. Management believes that these measures provide useful information to investors because they will assist investors in evaluating earnings performance on a comparable year-over-year basis.
31

Table of Contents
Results of Operations – Segment Analysis
Rail Products and Services

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | (Decrease)/Increase |  | Percent (Decrease)/Increase
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 vs. 2016 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
Net Sales |  | $ | 125,827 |  |  | $ | 131,795 |  |  | $ | (5,968 | ) |  | (4.5 | )%
Segment Profit (Loss) |  | $ | 5,466 |  |  | $ | (24,427 | ) |  | $ | 29,893 |  |  | 122.4 | %
Segment Profit Percentage |  | 4.3 | % |  | (18.5 | )% |  | 22.8 | % |  | 123.2 | %

First Six Months of 2017 Compared to First Six Months of 2016
Rail Products and Services segment sales decreased $5,968, or 4.5%, compared to the prior year period. The reduction in sales is primarily related to a decrease in our domestic businesses of $11,168, or 11.0%. The sales declines were primarily volume driven by the domestic freight rail and transit markets. Our domestic rail distribution business was unfavorably impacted by both volume and pricing compared to the prior year period. This was partially offset by increases in our foreign Rail Technologies divisions of $6,118 or 18.2%.
The Rail Products and Services segment profit increased by $29,893 to 4.3% of net sales. The increase was primarily attributable to a reduction in selling and administrative expenses of $3,383, or 18.6%, and 2016 impairment charges of $28,342 related to Rail Technologies goodwill. This was partially offset by a decline in non-GAAP gross profit of $3,608, or 12.5%, which was primarily related to volume reductions and product mix within domestic transit products as well as pricing declines in our distribution business in the current year.
During the current year, the Rail Products and Services segment had an increase in new orders of 22.4% compared to the prior year period. The increase impacted each of the three business units within the segment and grew the backlog balance to $78,460 at June 30, 2017, a 25.4% increase over the prior year. The Company is encouraged by positive signs from order activity and resulting backlog after the first six months of 2017. While new orders for domestic Rail Distribution have risen year over year, annual sales will decline due to lower price per ton sold.
Construction Products

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Increase |  | Percent Increase
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 vs. 2016 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
Net Sales |  | $ | 82,787 |  |  | $ | 72,228 |  |  | $ | 10,559 |  |  | 14.6 | %
Segment Profit |  | $ | 5,770 |  |  | $ | 4,392 |  |  | $ | 1,378 |  |  | 31.4 | %
Segment Profit Percentage |  | 7.0 | % |  | 6.1 | % |  | 0.9 | % |  | 14.8 | %

First Six Months of 2017 Compared to First Six Months of 2016
Construction Products segment sales increased $10,559, or 14.6%, compared to the prior year period. The increase related to Piling and Fabricated Bridge businesses of $8,460 and $5,017, respectively. The increase in Piling was primarily due to demand in the sheet piling product line. Fabricated Bridge continued to have favorable sales in the current year due to several projects, including the continuation of the Peace Bridge project. This was offset by a reduction in Precast Concrete Products of $2,772.
The Construction Products segment profit increased $1,378 to 7.0% of net sales. The increase related to a reduction in allocated expenses of $511, or 13.4%, as well as a reduction in selling and administrative expenses of $273, or 4.4%. Non-GAAP gross profit increase of $594, or 4.1%, which was attributable to Fabricated Bridge and Piling primarily due to in the increased volume within the period.
During the period, the Construction Products segment had a decrease in new orders of 7.5% compared to the prior year period. Prior year Fabricated Bridge orders included the $15,000 Peace Bridge project. Piling and Precast Concrete Products businesses saw increases in new orders of 20.8% and 10.8%, respectively. Piling had favorable orders from its sheet piling products, while Precast Concrete Products saw an increase in building orders from state agencies. The Construction Products segment had backlog at June 30, 2017 of $75,540, a 13.4% increase over the prior year.
32

Table of Contents
Tubular and Energy Services

|  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | (Decrease)/Increase |  | Percent (Decrease)/Increase
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 vs. 2016 |  | 2017 vs. 2016
Net Sales |  | $ | 54,948 |  |  | $ | 58,281 |  |  | $ | (3,333 | ) |  | (5.7 | )%
Segment Loss |  | $ | (525 | ) |  | $ | (104,910 | ) |  | $ | 104,385 |  |  | 99.5 | %
Segment Profit Percentage |  | (1.0 | )% |  | (180.0 | )% |  | 179.0 | % |  | 99.4 | %

First Six Months of 2017 Compared to First Six Months of 2016
Tubular and Energy Services segment sales decreased $3,333, or 5.7%, compared to the prior year period. The decrease related to $13,624 from Precision Measurement Systems, partially offset by an increase in Test and Inspection Services and Protective Coatings sales of $7,840 and $2,907, respectively. The period showed increased new well count and demand within the upstream oil and gas market, but was negatively impacted by weaker demand in our Precision Measurement Systems business.
Tubular and Energy Services segment loss decreased by $104,385, or 99.5%, compared to the prior year period. The period was favorably impacted by a reduction in amortization expense of $2,420 from the 2016 definite-lived intangible asset impairment. The prior period was also negatively affected by impairment charges of $100,596 for the six months ended June 30, 2016. Non-GAAP gross profit increase of $1,143, or 13.8%, was primarily due to increases in Test and Inspection Services and Protective Coatings businesses of $2,545 and $888, respectively. This increase was partially offset by a reduction in non-GAAP gross profit from Precision Measurement Systems of $2,572.
The Tubular and Energy Services segment had an increase in new orders of 28.6% compared to the prior year period. Orders for Protective Coatings and Test and Inspection Services increased 208.9% and 95.8%, respectively. While the upstream oil and gas market showed signs of recovery in the current period, consistent with historical cycles, we expect our measurement midstream business to continue to lag our upstream business.
On July 31, 2017, the lease at our Birmingham, Alabama facility expired. Management is actively in discussions with the landlord regarding the renewal of this lease and the Company maintains production obligations with the landlord, who is our primary customer, through October, 2017. The Company may incur costs associated with the lease renewal.
33

Table of Contents
Other
Segment Backlog
Total Company backlog is summarized by business segment in the following table for the periods indicated:

|  | Backlog
|  | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016 |  | June 30, 2016
Rail Products and Services |  | $ | 78,460 |  |  | $ | 62,743 |  |  | $ | 62,580 |
Construction Products |  | 75,540 |  |  | 71,954 |  |  | 66,633 |
Tubular and Energy Services |  | 22,023 |  |  | 12,759 |  |  | 20,033 |
Total Backlog |  | $ | 176,023 |  |  | $ | 147,456 |  |  | $ | 149,246 |

While a considerable portion of our business is backlog-driven, certain product lines within the Rail Products and Services and Tubular and Energy Services segments are not driven by backlog and therefore have insignificant levels throughout the year.
Warranty
As of June 30, 2017, the Company maintained a total product warranty reserve of $9,168 for its estimate of all potential product warranty claims. Of this total, $7,584 reflects the current estimate of the Company’s exposure for potential concrete tie warranty claims. While the Company believes this is a reasonable estimate of its potential exposure related to identified concrete tie warranty matters, the Company may incur future charges associated with new customer claims or further development of information of existing customer claims. Thus, there can be no assurance that future potential costs pertaining to warranty claims will not have a material impact on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition. See Note 13 Commitments and Contingent Liabilities of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Total debt was $137,984 and $159,565 as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, and was primarily comprised of borrowings on our revolving credit facility and term loan.
Our need for liquidity relates primarily to working capital requirements for operations, capital expenditures, joint venture capital obligations, debt service obligations, and share repurchases as authorized by the Board of Directors and as permitted under the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated March 13, 2015.
The change in cash and cash equivalents for the periods ended June 30 are as follows:

|  | June 30,
|  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | $ | 29,921 |  |  | $ | 6,555 |
Net cash used by investing activities |  | (4,454 | ) |  | (4,877 | )
Net cash used by financing activities |  | (21,678 | ) |  | (2,315 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  | 1,305 |  |  | 130 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 5,094 |  |  | $ | (507 | )

Cash Flow from Operating Activities
During the current 2017 period, cash flows provided by operating activities were $29,921 compared to $6,555 during the prior year period. For the six months ended June 30, 2017, income and adjustments to income from operating activities provided $11,053 compared to $10,617 in the 2016 period. Working capital and other assets and liabilities provided $18,868 in the current period compared to a use of $4,062 in the prior year period. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company received $9,946 and $1,827 from our 2016 and 2015 federal income tax refunds, respectively.
The Company’s calculation for days sales outstanding at June 30, 2017 was 49 days compared to 53 days at December 31, 2017, and we believe our receivables portfolio is strong.
34

Table of Contents
Cash Flow from Investing Activities
Capital expenditures for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 were $4,597 and $5,070. The current year expenditures relate to trackside rail lubricator units installed as part of a new long-term service contract and, to a lesser extent, general plant and operational improvements. Expenditures for the six months ended June 30, 2016 related to the Birmingham, AL inside diameter coating line upgrade and application development of the Company’s new enterprise resource planning system. The Company also loaned $575 to our joint venture, LB Pipe & Coupling Products, LLC (“LB Pipe JV”), as of June 30, 2016.
Cash Flow from Financing Activities
During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company had a decrease in outstanding debt of $21,581, primarily related to payments against the revolving credit facility as well as applying $9,946 federal income tax refund and quarterly principle payments against the term loan. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company had a decrease in outstanding debt of $385, primarily related to payments against the revolving credit facility. Treasury stock acquisitions represent income tax withholdings from employees in connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards. Cash outflows related to dividends were $829 for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2016.
Financial Condition
As of June 30, 2017, we had $35,457 in cash and cash equivalents and a domestic credit facility with $48,958 of net availability while we had $137,984 in total debt. We believe this liquidity will provide the flexibility to operate the business in a prudent manner, and continue to service our revolving credit facility and term loan.
Our cash management priority continues to be short-term maturities and the preservation of our principal balances. Approximately $33,536 of our cash and cash equivalents was held in non-domestic bank accounts, and, under current law, the foreign cash would be subject to U.S. federal income taxes less applicable foreign tax credits upon repatriation.
On November 7, 2016, the Company, its domestic subsidiaries, and certain of its Canadian subsidiaries entered into the Second Amendment (the “Second Amendment”) to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated March 13, 2015 and as amended by the First Amendment dated June 29, 2016 (the “Amended and Restated Credit Agreement”), with PNC Bank, N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company. This Second Amendment modified the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which had a maximum revolving credit line of $275,000.
The Second Amendment reduced the permitted revolving credit borrowings to $195,000 and provides for additional term loan borrowings of $30,000 (the “Term Loan”). The Term Loan is subject to quarterly straight line amortization until fully paid off upon the final payment on January 1, 2020. Furthermore, certain matters, including excess cash flow, asset sales, and equity issuances, trigger mandatory prepayments to the Term Loan. Term Loan borrowings will not be available to draw upon once they have been repaid. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Second Amendment or Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, as applicable.
The Second Amendment further provides for modifications to the financial covenants as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Second Amendment calls for the elimination of the Maximum Leverage Ratio covenant through the quarter ended June 30, 2018. After that period, the Maximum Gross Leverage Ratio covenant will be reinstated to require a maximum ratio of 4.25 Consolidated Indebtedness to 1.00 Gross Leverage for the quarter ended September 30, 2018, and 3.75 to 1.00 for all periods thereafter until the maturity date of the credit facility. The Second Amendment also includes a Minimum Last Twelve Months EBITDA (as defined by the Amendment) covenant (“Minimum EBITDA”). For the quarter ending December 31, 2016 through the quarter ending June 30, 2017, the Minimum EBITDA must be at least $18,500. During the second quarter ended June 30, 2017, the rolling 12-month EBITDA calculation, as defined by the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, was $26,188. For each quarter thereafter, through the quarter ended June 30, 2018, the Minimum EBITDA requirement will increase by various increments. At June 30, 2018, the Minimum EBITDA requirement will be $31,000. After the quarter ended June 30, 2018, the Minimum EBITDA covenant will be eliminated through the maturity of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. The Second Amendment also includes a Minimum Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio covenant. The covenant represents the ratio of the Company’s fixed charges to the last twelve months of EBITDA, and is required to be a minimum of 1.00 to 1.00 through the quarter ended December 31, 2017 and 1.25 to 1.00 for each quarter thereafter through the maturity of the credit facility. The final financial covenant included in the Second Amendment is a Minimum Liquidity covenant which calls for a minimum of $25,000 in undrawn availability on the revolving credit loan at all times through the quarter ended June 30, 2018.
The Second Amendment includes several changes to certain non-financial covenants, as defined in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Through the maturity date of the loan, the Company is now prohibited from making any future acquisitions.
35

Table of Contents
The limitation on permitted annual distributions of dividends or redemptions of the Company’s stock has been decreased from $4,000 to $1,700. The aggregate limitation on loans to and investments in non-loan parties was decreased from $10,000 to $5,000. Furthermore, the limitation on asset sales has been decreased from $25,000 annually with a carryover of up to $15,000 from the prior year to $25,000 in the aggregate through the maturity date of the credit facility.
The Second Amendment provides for the elimination of the three lowest tiers of the pricing grid that had previously been defined in the First Amendment. Upon execution of the Second Amendment through the quarter ended March 31, 2018, the Company will be locked into the highest tier of the pricing grid, which provides for pricing of the prime rate plus 225 basis points on base rate loans and the applicable LIBOR rate plus 325 basis points on euro rate loans. For each quarter after March 31, 2018 and through the maturity date of the credit facility, the Company’s position on the pricing grid will be governed by a Minimum Net Leverage ratio, which is the ratio of Consolidated Indebtedness less cash on hand in excess of $15,000 to EBITDA. If, after March 31, 2018, the Minimum Net Leverage ratio positions the Company on the lowest tier of the pricing grid, pricing will be the prime rate plus 150 basis points on base rate loans or the applicable LIBOR rate plus 250 basis points on euro rate loans.
To reduce the impact of interest rate changes on outstanding variable-rate debt, the Company entered into forward starting LIBOR-based interest rate swaps with notional values totaling $50,000. The swaps became effective on February 28, 2017 at which point they effectively convert a portion of the debt from variable to fixed-rate borrowings during the term of the swap contract. At June 30, 2017, the swap liability was $405 compared to $334 as of December 31, 2016.
Critical Accounting Policies
The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. When more than one accounting principle, or method of its application, is generally accepted, management selects the principle or method that, in its opinion, is appropriate in the Company’s specific circumstances. Application of these accounting principles requires management to reach opinions regarding estimates about the future resolution of existing uncertainties. As a result, actual results could differ from these estimates. In preparing these financial statements, management has reached its opinions regarding the best estimates and judgments of the amounts and disclosures included in the financial statements giving due regard to materiality. There have been no material changes in the Company’s critical accounting policies or estimates since December 31, 2016. A summary of the Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates is included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company’s off-balance sheet arrangements include operating leases, purchase obligations, and standby letters of credit. A schedule of the Company’s required payments under financial instruments and other commitments as of December 31, 2016 is included in the “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. There were no material changes to these off-balance sheet arrangements during the current quarter. These arrangements provide the Company with increased flexibility relative to the utilization and investment of cash resources.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Interest Rate Risk
The Company is exposed to risks that increases in interest rates may adversely affect funding costs associated with its variable-rate debt. To reduce the impact of interest rate changes on a portion of this variable-rate debt, the Company entered into forward starting interest rate swap agreements which effectively convert a portion of the debt from a variable to a fixed-rate borrowing during the term of the swap contracts. See Note 9 Fair Value Measurements of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for additional information.
For the six months ended June 30, 2017, a 1% change in the interest rate for variable rate debt as of June 30, 2017 would increase or decrease interest expense by approximately $707.
The Company does not purchase or hold any derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. It does enter into interest rate hedges to reduce the risk in the variability of interest rate fluctuations. At contract inception, the Company designates its derivative instruments as hedges. The Company recognizes all derivative instruments on the balance sheet at fair value. Fluctuations in the fair values of derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and reclassified into earnings within other income as the underlying hedged items affect earnings. To the extent that a change in a derivative does not perfectly offset the change in value of the interest rate being hedged, the ineffective portion is recognized in earnings immediately.
36

Table of Contents
As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Company recorded a current liability of $405 and $334, respectively, related to its LIBOR-based interest rate swap agreements.
Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk
The Company is subject to exposures to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company manages its exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates on firm sale and purchase commitments by entering into foreign currency forward contracts. The Company’s risk management objective is to reduce its exposure to the effects of changes in exchange rates on these transactions over the duration of the transactions. The Company did not engage in foreign currency hedging transactions during the six-month periods ended June 30, 2017.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
L.B. Foster Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Accounting Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of June 30, 2017. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective such that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (ii) accumulated and communicated to management, including the chief executive officer, chief financial officer, or person performing such functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our “internal control over financial reporting” (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the six months ended June 30, 2017, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)" will have on our internal control over financial reporting at the January 1, 2018 adoption date.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures
In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.
37

Table of Contents
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
See Note 13 Commitments and Contingent Liabilities of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. You should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, as filed with the SEC on March 8, 2017, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, financial results, or future performance. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q are not the only risks facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially affect our business, financial condition, and/or results of operations.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The Company’s purchases of equity securities for the three months ended June 30, 2017 were as follows:

|  | Total number of shares purchased (1) |  | Average price paid per share |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs (2) |  | Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
April 1, 2017 - April 30, 2017 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 29,933 |
May 1, 2017 - May 31, 2017 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,933 |
June 1, 2017 - June 30, 2017 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,933 |
Total |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 29,933 |

(1) | Shares withheld by the Company to pay taxes upon vesting of restricted stock. These shares do not impact the remaining authorization to repurchase shares under approved plans or programs.

(2) | On December 9, 2015, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $30,000 of the Company’s common shares until December 31, 2017. This authorization became effective January 1, 2016. The $30,000 repurchase authorization is restricted under the terms of the Second Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated March 13, 2015. Dividends, distributions, and redemptions under the Second Amendment are capped at a maximum annual amount of $1,700 throughout the life of the repurchase authorization. For the three-month period ended June 30, 2017, there were no share repurchases as part of the authorized program.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
This item is not applicable to the Company.
38

Table of Contents
Item 6. Exhibits
All exhibits are incorporated herein by reference:

Exhibit Number |  | Description
10.1 |  | Second Amendment dated November 7, 2016 to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated March 13, 2015, and as amended by the First Amendment dated June 29, 2016, among Registrant and PNC Bank N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on November 8, 2016, File No. 0-10436.
*10.2 |  | Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors under the 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan.
*31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Accounting Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*32.0 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document.
*101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
*101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
*101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
*101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
*101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

* | Exhibits marked with an asterisk are filed herewith.

39

Table of Contents
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  |  |  |  | L.B. FOSTER COMPANY
|  |  |  |  |  | (Registrant)
Date: | August 4, 2017 |  |  |  |  | By: /s/ Christopher T. Scanlon
|  |  |  |  |  | Christopher T. Scanlon
|  |  |  |  |  | Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
|  |  |  |  |  | (Duly Authorized Officer of Registrant)

40

Table of Contents
Index to Exhibits
All exhibits are incorporated herein by reference:

Exhibit Number |  | Description
10.1 |  | Second Amendment dated November 7, 2016 to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated March 13, 2015, and as amended by the First Amendment dated June 29, 2016, among Registrant and PNC Bank N.A., Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania, and Branch Banking and Trust Company is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on November 8, 2016, File No. 0-10436.
*10.2 |  | Deferred Compensation Plan for Non-Employee Directors under the 2006 Omnibus Incentive Plan.
*31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Accounting Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*32.0 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Accounting Officer under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
*101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document.
*101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
*101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
*101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
*101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
*101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

* | Exhibits marked with an asterisk are filed herewith.

41