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Significant Accounting Policies
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2011
Significant Accounting Policies
2.  Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of presentation

The accompanying unaudited financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial statements and with the rules and regulations under Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Commission for Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements presentation. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary to present fairly the financial position as of September 30, 2011 and results of operations for the nine months and three months then ended and cash flows for the nine months then ended have been included. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements of the Company and the Company’s management discussion and analysis included in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full year.

The financial statements include all the accounts of the Company.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and revenues and expenses for the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.


Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include checking and money market accounts held in two financial institutions. The Company has a checking account at one institution with a balance of approximately $11,200 at September 30, 2011. The funds in this account are fully guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) as of September 30, 2011. The Company has a money market account in a brokerage account with a second financial institution, invested in short-term federal securities and corporate bonds, with a money market cash balance of approximately $762,000 at September 30, 2011. Assets in this brokerage account are guaranteed by the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”) up to $500,000.  The Company had uninsured cash and cash equivalents of approximately $262,000 at September 30, 2011.

Investments in Available-for-Sale Securities

The Company has a portfolio of investments in available-for-sale securities, which consist of fixed income securities, which are accounted for in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 320, “Investments - Debt and Equity Securities.” Management determines the appropriate classification of the securities at the time they are acquired and evaluates the appropriateness of such classifications at each balance sheet date. Available-for-sale securities are stated at fair value, and unrealized holding gains and losses, net of the related deferred tax effect, if any, are reported as other comprehensive income (loss).

Fair Value Measurement

Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that is determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. As a basis for considering such assumptions, ASC 820 establishes a three-tier value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:

 
Level 1 - Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

 
Level 2 - Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

 
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs which are supported by little or no market activity.

The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value.

In accordance with ASC 820, the Company measures its cash and investments in available-for-sale securities at fair value. The Company’s cash and investments in available-for-sale securities are classified within Level 1 by using quoted market prices.

The carrying value of other current assets and accounts payable are considered to be representative of their respective fair values because of the short-term nature of those instruments.

Fair Value Instruments

ASC 825 “Financial Instruments” permits entities to choose to measure at fair value many financial instruments and certain other items that had previously not been required to be measured at fair value. Subsequent changes in fair value for designated items are required to be reported in earnings in the current period. FASB ASC 825 also establishes presentation and disclosure requirements for similar types of assets and liabilities measured at fair value. As permitted by FASB ASC 825, the Company has elected not to use the fair value option to measure the Company’s available-for-sale securities and will continue to report under FASB ASC 320, “Investments-Debt and Equity Securities”. The Company has made this election because it believes the nature of its financial assets and liabilities are not so complex that they would benefit from a change in valuation to fair value.


Cost-Basis Method Valuation

The Company’s non-marketable equity investment is recorded using the cost-basis method of accounting, and is classified within other long-term assets on the accompanying balance sheet as permitted by ASC 325, “Cost Method Investments” , as the Company owns less than 20% of the voting securities and does not have the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of the entity.  See Note 5, “Cost-Basis Investment” for more information.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2010, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2010-06, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (Topic 820): Improving Disclosures about Fair Value Measurements. This guidance amends the disclosure requirements related to recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements and requires new disclosures on the transfers of assets and liabilities between Level 1 (quoted prices in active market for identical assets or liabilities) and Level 2 (significant other observable inputs) of the fair value measurement hierarchy, including the reasons and the timing of the transfers. Additionally, the guidance requires a roll forward of activities on purchases, sales, issuance and settlements of the assets and liabilities measured using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 fair value measurements). The guidance became effective for the reporting period beginning January 1, 2010, except for the disclosure on the roll forward activities for Level 3 fair value measurements, which became effective for the reporting period beginning January 1, 2011. Adoption of this new guidance did not, and the Company expects that it will not, have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In December 2010, the FASB issued Accounting Standards 2010-29, “Business Combinations” (Topic 805): Disclosure of Supplementary Pro Forma Information for Business Combinations. This guidance amends the disclosure requirements by Securities and Exchange Commission filers by requiring disclosure of pro forma information for business combinations that occurred in the current reporting period. The disclosures include pro forma revenue and earnings of the combined entity for the current reporting period as though the acquisition date for all business combinations that occurred during the year had been as of the beginning of the annual reporting period. If comparative financial statements are presented, the pro forma revenue and earnings of the combined entity for the comparable prior reporting period should be reported as though the acquisition date for all business combinations that occurred during the current year had been as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period. In practice, some filers have presented the pro forma information in their comparative financial statements as if the business combination that occurred in the current reporting period had occurred as of the beginning of each of the current and prior annual reporting periods. Other filers have disclosed the pro forma information as if the business combination occurred at the beginning of the prior annual reporting period only, and carried forward the related adjustments, if applicable, through the current reporting period. This became effective for business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2010. Adoption of this new guidance did not have any impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Recently Announced Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2011-04, “Fair Value Measurement” (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs. This guidance amends the disclosure requirements related to recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements and includes the following provisions:  application of the concepts of highest and best use and valuation premise, introduction of an option to measure groups of offsetting assets and liabilities on a net basis, incorporation of certain premiums and discounts in fair value measurements, and the measurement of fair value of certain instruments classified in shareholders’ equity. In addition, the amended guidance includes several new fair value disclosure requirements, including, among other things, information about valuation techniques and unobservable inputs used in Level 3 fair value measurements and a narrative description of Level 3 measurements’ sensitivity to changes in unobservable inputs. The guidance becomes effective for the reporting period beginning January 1, 2012.  The Company expects that adoption of this new guidance will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In June 2011, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2011-05, “Comprehensive Income” (Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income. This amended guidance eliminates the option for reporting entities to present components of other comprehensive income in the statement of stockholders’ equity. Instead, this amended guidance now requires reporting entities to present all non-owner changes in stockholders’ equity either as a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or as two separate but consecutive statements. The guidance will become effective for the reporting period beginning January 1, 2012.  The Company expects that the adoption of this new guidance will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective accounting pronouncements, if adopted, would have a material effect on the accompanying financial statements.