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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

 

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and include the financial statements of TheMaven and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Coalition. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. As described in “Note 3. Advances Relating to Acquisition of HubPages, Inc.”, on March 13, 2018, the Company formed a new wholly-owned subsidiary in order to facilitate an acquisition transaction.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable in relation to the financial statements taken as a whole under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Management regularly evaluates the key factors and assumptions used to develop the estimates utilizing currently available information, changes in facts and circumstances, historical experience and reasonable assumptions. After such evaluations, if deemed appropriate, those estimates are adjusted accordingly. Some of those judgments can be subjective and complex, and therefore, actual results could differ materially from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Significant estimates include those related to assumptions used in accruals for potential liabilities, capitalization of website development costs, valuation of equity instruments, including the calculation of volatility, valuation of derivatives, and the realization of deferred tax assets.

Risks and Uncertainties

Risks and Uncertainties

 

The Company has a limited operating history and has not generated significant revenues to date. The Company’s business and operations are sensitive to general business and economic conditions in the U.S. and worldwide. These conditions include short-term and long-term interest rates, inflation, fluctuations in debt and equity capital markets and the general condition of the U.S. and world economy. A host of factors beyond the Company’s control could cause fluctuations in these conditions. Adverse developments in these general business and economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and the results of its operations.

 

In addition, the Company will compete with many companies that currently have extensive and well-funded projects, marketing and sales operations as well as extensive human capital. The Company may be unable to compete successfully against these companies. The Company’s industry is characterized by rapid changes in technology and market demands. As a result, the Company’s products, services, and/or expertise may become obsolete and/or unmarketable. The Company’s future success will depend on its ability to adapt to technological advances, anticipate customer and market demands, and enhance its current technology under development.

 

B. Riley FBR, Inc. (“B. Riley FBR”) is a registered broker-dealer owned by B. Riley Financial, Inc., a diversified publicly-traded financial services company (“B. Riley”), which acted as placement agent for the Series H Preferred Stock financing (see “Note 13. Subsequent Events”). In consideration for its services as placement agent, the Company paid B. Riley FBR a cash fee of $575,000 (including a previously paid retainer of $75,000) and issued to B. Riley FBR 669 shares of Series H Preferred Stock. In addition, entities affiliated with B. Riley FBR purchased 5,592 shares of Series H Preferred Stock in the financing. John A. Fichthorn joined the Board of Directors of the Company in September 2018 and was elected as Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chairman of the Finance and Audit Committee in November 2018. Mr. Fichthorn currently serves as Head of Alternative Investments for B. Riley Capital Management, LLC, which is an SEC-registered investment adviser and a wholly-owned subsidiary of B. Riley. Todd D. Sims also joined the Board of Directors of the Company in September 2018 and is also a member of the Board of Directors of B. Riley. Mr. Fichthorn and Mr. Sims serve on the Board of Directors of the Company as designees of B. Riley. Since August 2018, B. Riley FBR has been instrumental in providing investment banking services to the Company and in raising debt and equity capital for the Company. These services having included raising debt and equity capital to support the acquisitions of HubPages, Inc. and Say Media, Inc., the ABG-SI LLC Licensing Agreement, and the acquisition of TheStreet, Inc. These services have also included raising debt and equity capital for refinancing and working capital purposes through the sale of the Series I Convertible Preferred Stock, the 10% Original Issue Discount Senior Secured Debentures, the 12% Senior Secured Subordinated Convertible Debentures, and the 12.0% Senior Secured Note. Information with respect to these services and financings are provided at “Note 13. Subsequent Events”.

Digital Media Content and Channel Partners

Digital Media Content and Channel Partners

 

The Company operates a coalition of online media channels and provides digital media (text, audio and video) over the internet that users may access on demand. As a broadcaster that transmits third party content owned by our Channel Partners via digital media, the Company applies Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 920, “Entertainment – Broadcasters”. The Channel Partners generally receive variable amounts of consideration that are dependent upon the calculation of revenue earned by the channel in a given month, referred to as a “revenue share”, that are payable in arrears. In certain circumstances, there is a monthly fixed fee minimum or a fixed yield (“revenue per thousand visitors”) based on the volume of visitors. Information with respect to fixed dollar commitments for channel content licenses are disclosed in “Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies”; Channel Partner agreements that include fixed yield based on the volume of visitors are not included in such disclosures because, although they are expected to be significant, they cannot be quantified at this time. Expenses related to Channel Partner agreements are reported in cost of revenue in the Statement of Operations. The cash payments related to Channel Partner agreements are classified within operating activities in the Statement of Cash Flows.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

 

Effective July 1, 2017, the Company adopted ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, as the accounting standard for revenue recognition. Since the Company had not previously generated revenue from customers, the Company did not have to transition its accounting method from ASC 605, “Revenue Recognition”.

 

Revenues are recognized when control of the promised goods or services are transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration that the Company expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The Company generates all of its revenue from contracts with customers. The Company accounts for revenue on a gross basis, as compared to a net basis, in its statement of operations. Cost of revenues is presented as a separate line item in the statement of operations. The Company has made this determination based on it taking the credit risk in its revenue-generating transactions and it also being the primary obligor responsible for providing the services to the customer.

 

The following is a description of the principal activities from which the Company generates revenue:

 

Advertising - The Company enters into contracts with advertising networks to serve display or video advertisements on the digital media pages associated with its various channels. The Company recognizes revenue from advertisements at the point in time when each ad is viewed as reported by the Company’s advertising network partners. The quantity of advertisements, the impression bid prices and revenue are reported on a real-time basis. Although reported advertising transactions are subject to adjustment by the advertising network partners, any such adjustments are known within a few days of month end. The Company owes its independent publisher Channel Partners a revenue share of the advertising revenue earned which is recorded as service costs in the same period in which the associated advertising revenue is recognized.

 

Membership Subscriptions - The Company enters into contracts with internet users that subscribe to premium content on the digital media channels. These contracts provide internet users with a membership subscription to access the premium content for a given period of time, which is generally one year. The Company recognizes revenue from each membership subscription over time based on a daily calculation of revenue during the reporting period. Subscriber payments are initially recorded as deferred revenue on the balance sheet. As the Company provides access to the premium content over the membership subscription term, the Company recognizes revenue and proportionately reduces the deferred revenue balance. The Company owes its independent publisher Channel Partners a revenue share of the membership subscription revenue earned, which is initially deferred and recorded as deferred contract costs. The Company recognizes deferred contract costs over the membership subscription term in the same pattern that the associated membership subscription revenue is recognized.

 

Disaggregation of Revenue

 

The following table provides information about disaggregated revenue by product line, geographical market and timing of revenue recognition:

 

  

Three Months Ended

June 30, 2018

  

Six Months Ended

June 30, 2018

 
         
Revenue by product line:          
Advertising  $199,616   $272,459 
Membership subscriptions   16,740    30,582 
Total  $216,356   $303,041 
           
Revenue by geographical market:          
United States  $216,356   $303,041 
Other   -    - 
Total  $216,356   $303,041 
           
Revenue by timing of recognition:          
At point in time  $199,616   $272,459 
Over time   16,740    30,582 
Total  $216,356   $303,041 

 

Contract Balances

 

The following table provides information about contract balances as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

 

   June 30, 2018   December 31, 2017 
         
Accounts receivable:          
Advertising  $203,503   $52,348 
Membership subscriptions   4,637    854 
Total  $208,140   $53,202 
           
Short-term contract assets (deferred contract costs):          
Advertising  $-   $- 
Membership subscription   11,449    14.147 
Total  $11,449   $14,147 
           
Short-term contract liabilities (deferred revenue):          
Advertising  $-   $- 
Membership subscriptions   23,763    31,437 
Total  $23,763   $31,437 

 

The Company receives payments from advertising customers based upon contractual payment terms; accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional and are generally collected within 90 days. The Company generally receives payments from membership subscription customers at the time of sign up for each subscription; accounts receivable from merchant credit card processors are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional and are generally collected weekly. Contract assets include contract fulfillment costs related to revenue shares owed to Channel Partners, which are amortized to expense over the same period of the associated revenue. Contract liabilities include payments received in advance of performance under the contract and are recognized as revenue over time. The Company had no asset impairment charges related to contract assets during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017.

Cash Concentrations - Cash and Restricted Cash

Cash Concentrations – Cash and Restricted Cash

 

The Company maintains cash and restricted cash at a bank where amounts on deposit may exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit during the year. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to significant credit risk regarding its cash. The following table reconciles total cash and restricted cash at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017:

 

    June 30, 2018     December 31, 2017  
             
Cash   $ 116,187     $ 619,249  
Restricted cash     -       3,000,000  
Total cash and restricted cash   $ 116,187     $ 3,619,249  

 

In January 2018, the Company raised pursuant to a private placement $3,000,000. The $3,000,000 was received by the Company prior to December 31, 2017 and was classified as restricted cash in the December 31, 2017 balance sheet and then subsequently reclassified to cash in January 2018 upon completion of the private placement. In addition, the $3,000,000 investment was classified as investor demand payable in the December 31, 2017 balance sheet and then subsequently reclassified to equity in January 2018 upon completion of the private placement.

Property and Equipment

Property and Equipment

 

Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Major improvements are capitalized, while maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Gains and losses from disposition of property and equipment are included in the statement of operations when realized. Depreciation and amortization are provided using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:

 

Office equipment and computers 3 - 5 years
Furniture and fixtures 5 - 8 years

Other Intangible Asset

Other Intangible Asset

 

The other intangible asset consists of the cost of a purchased website domain name, which is not being amortized due to its indefinite useful life.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-Lived Assets

 

The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used when events or circumstances warrant such a review. The carrying value of a long-lived asset to be held and used is considered impaired when the anticipated separately identifiable undiscounted cash flows from such an asset are less than the carrying value of the asset. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the long-lived asset. Fair value is determined primarily by reference to the anticipated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. No impairment charges have been recorded in the periods presented.

Website Development Costs

Website Development Costs

 

In accordance with authoritative guidance, the Company capitalizes website development costs for internal use when planning and design efforts are successfully completed, and development is ready to commence. Costs incurred during planning and design, together with costs incurred for training and maintenance, are expensed as incurred and recorded in research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations. The Company places capitalized website development assets into service and commences depreciation and amortization when the applicable project or asset is substantially complete and ready for its intended use. Once placed into service, the Company capitalizes qualifying costs of specified upgrades or enhancements to capitalized website development assets when the upgrade or enhancement will result in new or additional functionality.

 

The Company capitalizes internal labor costs, including payroll-based and stock-based compensation, benefits and payroll taxes, that are incurred for certain capitalized website development projects related to the Company’s technology platform. The Company’s policy with respect to capitalized internal labor stipulates that labor costs for employees working on eligible internal use capital projects are capitalized as part of the historical cost of the project when the impact, as compared to expensing such labor costs, is material.

 

Website development costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over two to three years, which is the estimated useful life of the related asset and is recorded in general and administrative costs in the consolidated statement of operations.

Deferred Financing Costs and Discounts on Debt Obligations

Deferred Financing Costs and Discounts on Debt Obligations

 

Deferred financing costs consist of cash and non-cash consideration paid to lenders and third parties with respect to convertible debt financing transactions, including legal fees and placement agent fees. Such costs are deferred and amortized over the term of the related debt. Upon the settlement or conversion of convertible debt into common stock, the pro rata portion of any related unamortized deferred financing costs are charged to operations.

 

Additional consideration in the form of warrants and other derivative financial instruments issued to lenders is accounted for at fair value utilizing information provided in reports prepared by an independent valuation firm. The fair value of warrants and derivatives is recorded as a reduction to the carrying amount of the related debt, and is being amortized to interest expense over the term of such debt, with the initial offsetting entries recorded as a liability on the balance sheet. Upon the settlement or conversion of convertible debt into common stock, the pro rata portion of any related unamortized discount on debt is charged to operations.

Registration Rights Liquidated Damages and Public Information Failure Payments

Registration Rights Liquidated Damages and Public Information Failure Payments

 

Obligations with respect to registration rights liquidated damages and public information failure payments are accounted for as contingent obligations, are evaluated when a financing is completed, and are subsequently reviewed at each quarter-end reporting date thereafter. When such quarterly review indicates that it is likely that registration rights liquidated damages and/or public information failure payments will be incurred, the Company records an estimate of each such obligation based on the estimated date that such obligation will be satisfied. The Company reviews and revises such estimates at each quarter-end date based on updated information. During the three months and six months ended June 30, 2018, the Company recorded $15,001 as liquidated damages under registration rights agreements in its statement of operations.

Research and Development

Research and Development

 

Research and development costs are charged to operations in the period incurred. During the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, research and development costs were $96,973 and $9,297, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017, research and development costs were $187,377 and $73,319, respectively.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Financial Instruments

 

The Company accounts for freestanding contracts that are settled in a company’s own stock, including common stock warrants, to be designated as an equity instrument, and generally as a liability. A contract so designated is carried at fair value on a company’s balance sheet, with any changes in fair value recorded as a gain or loss in a company’s results of operations.

 

The Company records all derivatives on the balance sheet at fair value, adjusted at the end of each reporting period to reflect any material changes in fair value, with any such changes classified as changes in derivatives valuation in the statement of operations. The calculation of the fair value of derivatives utilizes highly subjective and theoretical assumptions that can materially affect fair values from period to period. The recognition of these derivative amounts does not have any impact on cash flows.

 

At the date of exercise of any of the warrants, or the conversion of any convertible debt or preferred stock into common stock, the pro rata fair value of the related warrant liability and any embedded derivative liability is transferred to additional paid-in capital.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

The authoritative guidance with respect to fair value established a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels and requires that assets and liabilities carried at fair value be classified and disclosed in one of three categories, as presented below. Disclosure as to transfers in and out of Levels 1 and 2, and activity in Level 3 fair value measurements, is also required.

 

Level 1. Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for an identical asset or liability that the Company has the ability to access as of the measurement date. Financial assets and liabilities utilizing Level 1 inputs include active-exchange traded securities and exchange-based derivatives.

 

Level 2. Inputs, other than quoted prices included within Level 1, which are directly observable for the asset or liability or indirectly observable through corroboration with observable market data. Financial assets and liabilities utilizing Level 2 inputs include fixed income securities, non-exchange-based derivatives, mutual funds, and fair-value hedges.

 

Level 3. Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data for the asset or liability which requires the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. Financial assets and liabilities utilizing Level 3 inputs include infrequently-traded non-exchange-based derivatives and commingled investment funds and are measured using present value pricing models.

 

The Company determines the level in the fair value hierarchy within which each fair value measurement falls in its entirety, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. In determining the appropriate levels, the Company performs an analysis of the assets and liabilities at each reporting period end.

 

The carrying amount of the Company’s financial instruments comprising of cash, restricted cash, funds in escrow, accounts receivable, note receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of these instruments.

 

The Company accounts for certain warrants and the embedded conversion feature of 10% senior convertible debentures and 8% convertible notes payable as derivative liabilities, which requires that the Company carry such amount in its consolidated balance sheet as a liability at fair value, as adjusted at each period-end.

 

The Company determined the fair value of the Strome warrant utilizing the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Due to their greater complexity, the Company determined the fair value of the warrants and the embedded conversion feature with respect to the 10% senior convertible debenture and the 8% convertible notes payable using appropriate valuation models derived through consultations with the Company’s independent valuation firm, as noted below. These warrants and the embedded conversion features are classified as Level 3 within the fair-value hierarchy. Inputs to the valuation model include the Company’s publicly-quoted stock price, the stock volatility, the risk-free interest rate, the remaining life of the warrants and the 10% senior convertible debenture and the 8% convertible notes payable, the exercise price or conversion price, and the dividend rate. The Company uses the closing stock price of its common stock over an appropriate period of time to compute stock volatility. These inputs are summarized as follows: 

 

Strome Warrant: expected life – 5 years; risk-free interest rate – 2.81%; volatility factor – 98.10%; dividend rate – 0%; transaction date closing market price - $1.20; exercise price: $1.19.

 

8% Convertible Notes Payable Warrants: Valuation model – Monte-Carlo simulation; expected life – 5 years; risk-free interest rate – 2.81%; volatility factor - 75% - 85%; dividend rate – 0%; transaction date closing market price - $1.20 - $1.27; conversion price - $1.18.

 

8% Convertible Notes Payable Conversion Feature: Valuation model – Binomial Lattice technique; expected life – 7 months; risk-free interest rate – 2.07% - 2.11%; volatility factor - 75% - 85%; dividend rate – 0%; transaction date closing market price - $1.20 - $1.27; conversion price - $1.21.

 

10% Senior Convertible Debenture Conversion Feature: Valuation model – Binomial Lattice technique; expected life – 1 year; risk-free interest rate – 2.35%; volatility factor – 85.45%; dividend rate – 0%; transaction date closing market price - $1.20; conversion price - $1.29.

 

The following table represents the carrying amount, valuation and roll-forward of activity for the Company’s warrants accounted for as a derivative liability and classified within Level 3 of the fair-value hierarchy for the six months ended June 30, 2018:

 

  

Strome

Warrant

  

8%

Convertible

Notes Payable

Warrants

  

Total

Warrant

Derivative

Liability

 
             
Carrying amount, January 1, 2018  $   $   $ 
Issuance of warrant on June 11, 2018       312,749    312,749 
Issuance of warrant on June 15, 2018   1,344,648    288,149    1,632,797 
Change in fair value       (91,388)   (91,388)
Carrying amount, June 30, 2018  $1,344,648   $509,510   $1,854,158 

 

The following table represents the carrying amount, valuation and a roll-forward of activity for the embedded conversion feature with respect to the Company’s 10% senior convertible debenture and 8% convertible notes payable accounted for as a derivative liability and classified within Level 3 of the fair-value hierarchy for the six months ended June 30, 2018:

 

  

10%

Senior Convertible

Debenture

  

8%

Convertible

Notes Payable

  

Total

10% Senior Convertible

Debenture and 8% Convertible Notes Payable

Derivative

Liability

 
             
Carrying amount, January 1, 2018  $   $   $ 
Recognition of conversion feature on June 11, 2018       78,432    78,432 
Recognition of conversion feature on June 15, 2018   471,002    81,169    552,171 
Change in fair value   (10,494)   (26,662)   (37,156)
Carrying amount, June 30, 2018  $460,508   $132,939   $593,447 

 

In addition, the carrying amount of the embedded conversion feature with respect to the Company’s Redeemable Series G Convertible Stock at June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 was $29,735 and $72,563, respectively. The carrying amount of the embedded conversion feature with respect to the Company’s 10% senior convertible debenture, 8% convertible notes payable, and Redeemable Series G Convertible Stock at June 30, 2018 was $623,182.

 

The Company did not have any derivative liabilities as of or during the three months and six months ended June 30, 2017.

Stock-Based Compensation

Stock-Based Compensation

 

The Company provides stock-based compensation in the form of (a) restricted stock awards to employees, (b) vested stock grants to directors, (c) stock option grants to employees, directors and independent contractors, and (d) common stock warrants to Channel Partners and other independent contractors.

 

The Company accounts for stock-based payments to officers and directors by measuring the cost of services received in exchange for equity awards based on the grant date fair value of the awards, with the cost recognized as compensation expense on the straight-line basis in the Company’s financial statements over the vesting period of the awards. The Company accounts for stock-based payments to consultants by determining the value of the stock compensation based upon the measurement date at either (a) the date at which a performance commitment is reached or (b) at the date at which the necessary performance to earn the equity instruments is complete.

 

Stock grants which are time-vested are measured at fair value on the grant date and charged to operations ratably over the vesting period. Stock grants which are performance-vested are measured at fair value when the performance condition is satisfied and charged to operations at that time.

 

Stock options and warrants granted to vendors and outside consultants are revalued each reporting period to determine the amount to be recorded as an expense in the respective period. As the stock options vest, they are valued on each vesting date and an adjustment is recorded for the difference between the value already recorded and the value on the date of vesting.

 

The fair value of stock options and warrants granted as stock-based compensation is determined utilizing the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, and is affected by several variables, the most significant of which are the life of the equity award, the exercise price of the stock option, or warrant, as compared to the fair market value of the common stock on the grant date, and the estimated volatility of the common stock over the term of the equity award. Estimated volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock and is evaluated based upon market comparisons. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. The fair market value of common stock is determined by reference to the quoted market price of the Company’s common stock.

 

The Company capitalizes the fair value of stock-based compensation awards relating to internal-use website development and otherwise expenses such stock-based compensation awards to general and administrative costs, or research and development costs, as appropriate, based on the fair value of such stock-based compensation awards not capitalized, in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations. The Company issues new shares of common stock to satisfy stock option exercises.

Channel Partner Warrant Program

Channel Partner Warrant Program

 

On December 19, 2016, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a program to be administered by management that authorized the Company to issue up to 5,000,000 common stock warrants to provide equity incentive to its Channel Partners to motivate and reward them for their services to the Company and to align the interests of the Channel Partners with those of stockholders of the Company. On August 23, 2018, the Board of Directors approved a reduction of the number of Warrant Reserve Shares from 5,000,000 to 2,000,000.

 

Warrants granted under this program have a performance condition and once earned vest over three years and expire five years from issuance. Performance conditions are generally based on the average number of unique visitors on the channel operated by the Channel Partner generated during the six-month period from the launch of the Channel Partner’s operations on TheMaven platform or the revenue generated during the period from issuance date through a specified end date. Equity grants with performance conditions that do not have sufficiently large disincentive for non-performance are measured at fair value that is not fixed until performance is complete. The Company recognizes expense for these equity-based payments as the services are received. The Company has specific objective criteria for determination of the period over which services are received and expense is recognized.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

 

Income taxes are accounted for using an asset and liability approach that requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities at the applicable enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company evaluates the realizability of its deferred tax assets by assessing its valuation allowance and by adjusting the amount of such allowance, if necessary. The factors used to assess the likelihood of realization include the Company’s forecast of future taxable income and available tax planning strategies that could be implemented to realize the net deferred tax assets.

 

As a result of the Company’s cumulative losses, management has concluded that a full valuation allowance against the Company’s net deferred tax assets is appropriate. No income tax liabilities existed as of June 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 due to the Company’s continuing operating losses.

 

The Company recognizes the tax benefit from uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax positions will be sustained on examination by the tax authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefit is measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.

 

Pursuant to Internal Revenue Code Sections 382 and 383, use of the Company’s net operating loss carryforwards may be limited if a cumulative change in ownership of more than 50% occurs within any three-year period since the last ownership change. The Company believes that it did have a change in control under these Sections in connection with its Recapitalization on November 4, 2016 and may have experienced additional control changes under these Sections as a result of recent financing activities. However, the Company does not anticipate performing a complete analysis of the limitation on the annual use of the net operating loss carryforwards until the time that it anticipates it will be able to utilize these tax attributes.

 

The Company did not recognize any uncertain tax positions, or any accrued interest and penalties associated with uncertain tax positions for any of the periods presented in the financial statements. The Company files tax returns in the United States Federal jurisdiction and the State of California. Generally, the Company is subject to examination by income tax authorities for three years from the filing of a tax return. The Company has not yet filed its Federal and states income tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Income (Loss) Per Common Share

Income (Loss) per Common Share

 

Basic income or loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period and excludes any dilutive effects of common stock equivalent shares, such as options, restricted stock, and warrants. All restricted stock is considered outstanding but is included in the computation of basic income (loss) per common share only when the underlying restrictions expire, the shares are no longer forfeitable, and are thus vested. Diluted income per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and common stock equivalent shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method. Common stock equivalent shares are excluded from the computation if their effect is anti-dilutive.

 

At June 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company excluded the outstanding securities summarized below, which entitle the holders thereof to acquire shares of common stock, from its calculation of net income (loss) per common share, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive.

 

   June 30, 
   2018   2017 
         
10% senior convertible debentures   3,698,110    - 
8% convertible notes payable   970,787    - 
Redeemable Series G convertible preferred stock   188,791    132,154 
Unvested and forfeitable restricted stock awards   4,890,857    12,517,152 
Common stock options, including options issued in the form of warrants   3,883,003    2,004,137 
Common stock warrants – Channel Partner program   1,416,633    3,024,500 
Common stock warrants – financing   2,433,613    1,169,607 
Total   17,481,794    18,847,550 
Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

 

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”). ASU 2014-09 eliminates transaction- and industry-specific revenue recognition guidance under current GAAP and replaces it with a principles-based approach for determining revenue recognition. ASU 2014-09 requires that companies recognize revenue based on the value of transferred goods or services as they occur in the contract. ASU 2014-09 also requires additional disclosure about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments and changes in judgments and assets recognized from costs incurred to obtain or fulfill a contract. The FASB has recently issued ASU 2016-08, ASU 2016-10, ASU 2016-11, ASU 2016-12, and ASU 2016-20, all of which clarify certain implementation guidance within ASU 2014-09. The Company began recognition of revenue from contracts with customers as a result of the launch of its network operations during the quarter beginning July 1, 2017; the Company had not previously generated revenues from customers prior to that date. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2014-09 in the quarter beginning July 1, 2017 using the modified retrospective approach, which requires that the Company apply the new guidance to all new contracts initiated on or after July 1, 2017. As the Company did not have any contracts which had remaining obligations as of the July 1, 2017 effective date, the Company was not required to record an adjustment to the opening balance of its retained earnings (accumulated deficit) account on such date. Under this method, the Company is not required to restate comparative periods in its financial statements.

 

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) (“ASU 2016-18”). ASU 2016-18 addresses diversity in practice due to a lack of guidance on how to classify and present changes in restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows. ASU 2016-18 does not define restricted cash and does not require any change in practice for what an entity reports as restricted cash. ASU 2016-18 requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents, in addition to changes in cash and cash equivalents. Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. Consequently, transfers between cash and restricted cash will not be presented as a separate line item in the operating, investing or financing sections of the cash flow statement. ASU 2016-18 requires an entity to disclose information about the nature of the restrictions and amounts described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents. Further, when cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents are presented in more than one line item on the balance sheet, an entity must reconcile these amounts to the total shown on the statement of cash flows, either in narrative or tabular format, and should be provided on the face of the cash flow statement or in the notes to the financial statements. The Company adopted the provisions of ASU 2016-18 in the quarter beginning January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASU 2016-18 did not affect the presentation of the Company’s cash flow statement for the year ended December 31, 2017, however, the Company has expanded its footnote disclosure with respect to restricted cash.

 

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to record a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability, initially measured at the present value of the lease payments, on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than 12 months, as well as the disclosure of key information about leasing arrangements. ASU 2016-02 requires recognition in the statement of operations of a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis. ASU 2016-02 requires classification of all cash payments within operating activities in the statement of cash flows. Disclosures are required to provide the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for lessees for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. ASU 2016-02 has subsequently been amended and modified by ASU 2018-10, 2018-11 and 2018-20. ASU 2016-02 (including the subsequent amendments and modifications) is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Accordingly, the Company intends to adopt the provisions of ASU 2016-02 in the quarter beginning January 1, 2019. The Company has not completed its analysis of the impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures subsequent to adoption.

 

In July 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-11, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260); Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (Topic 480); Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): (Part I) Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Down Round Features; (Part II) Replacement of the Indefinite Deferral for Mandatorily Redeemable Financial Instruments of Certain Nonpublic Entities and Certain Mandatorily Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests with a Scope Exception (“ASU 2017-11”). ASU 2017-11 allows companies to exclude a down round feature when determining whether a financial instrument (or embedded conversion feature) is considered indexed to the entity’s own stock. As a result, financial instruments (or embedded conversion features) with down round features are no longer required to be accounted for as derivative liabilities. A company will recognize the value of a down round feature only when it is triggered, and the strike price has been adjusted downward. For equity-classified freestanding financial instruments, an entity will treat the value of the effect of the down round as a dividend and a reduction of income available to common shareholders in computing basic earnings per share. For convertible instruments with embedded conversion features containing down round provisions, entities will recognize the value of the down round as a beneficial conversion discount to be amortized to earnings. ASU 2017-11 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Accordingly, the Company intends to adopt the provisions of ASU 2017-11 in the quarter beginning January 1, 2019. The Company has not completed its analysis of the impact that the adoption of ASU 2017-11 will have on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures subsequent to adoption.

 

In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-07, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (“ASU 2018-07”). ASU 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. ASU 2018-07 also clarifies that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used to effectively provide (1) financing to the issuer or (2) awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). ASU 2018-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Accordingly, the Company intends to adopt the provisions of ASU 2018-07 in the quarter beginning January 1, 2019. The Company has not completed its analysis of the impact that the adoption of ASU 2018-07 will have on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures subsequent to adoption.

 

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, authoritative guidance, if currently adopted, would have a material impact on the Company’s financial statement presentation or disclosures.