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Fair Value Measurements
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurements

6. Fair Value Measurements

 

The Company estimates the fair value of financial instruments using available market information and valuation methodologies the Company believes to be appropriate for these purposes. Considerable judgment and a high degree of subjectivity are involved in developing these estimates and, accordingly, they are not necessarily indicative of amounts the Company would realize upon disposition.

 

The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value, which are described below:

 

  ● Level 1 Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
  ● Level 2 Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable; and
  ● Level 3 Assets or liabilities for which fair value is based on valuation models with significant unobservable pricing inputs and which result in the use of management estimates.

 

The Company accounts for certain warrants (as described under the heading Common Stock Warrants in Note 9) and the embedded conversion features of the 12% senior convertible debentures (the “12% Convertible Debentures”) as derivative liabilities, which required the Company to carry such amounts on its condensed consolidated balance sheets as a liability at fair value, as adjusted at each reporting period-end.

 

These warrants and the embedded conversion features are classified as Level 3 within the fair-value hierarchy. Inputs to the valuation model include the Company’s publicly quoted stock price, the stock volatility, the risk-free interest rate, the remaining life of the warrants, notes and debentures, the exercise price or conversion price, and the dividend rate. The Company uses the closing stock price of its common stock over an appropriate period of time to compute stock volatility.

 

Warrant Derivative Liabilities

 

The following table presents the assumptions used for the warrant derivative liabilities under the Black-Scholes option-pricing model:

    As of March 31, 2020     As of December 31, 2019  
    Strome
Warrants		     B. Riley
Warrants		     Strome
Warrants		     B. Riley
Warrants		  
Expected life     3.21       5.55       3.45       5.80  
Risk-free interest rate     0.29 %     0.46 %     1.62 %     1.76 %
Volatility factor     128.74 %     129.92 %     144.54 %     127.63 %
Dividend rate     0 %     0 %     0 %     0 %
Transaction date closing market price   $ 0.77     $ 0.77     $ 0.80     $ 0.80  
Exercise price   $ 0.50     $ 1.00     $ 0.50     $ 1.00  

 

The following table represents the carrying amounts and change in valuation for the Company’s warrants accounted for as a derivative liability and classified within Level 3 of the fair-value hierarchy:

 

   

As of and Three Months Ended

March 31, 2020

    

As of and Three Months Ended

March 31, 2019

  
    Carry
Amount at
Beginning of
Period		     Change in
Valuation		     Carrying
Amount at
End of Period		     Carry
Amount at
Beginning of
Period		     Change in
Valuation		     Carrying
Amount at
End of Period		  
L2 Warrants   $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 418,214     $ 121,026     $ 539,240  
Strome Warrants     1,036,687       (110,081 )     926,606       587,971       170,144       758,115  
B. Riley Warrants     607,513       (29,138 )     578,375       358,050       84,525       442,575  
Total   $ 1,644,200     $ (139,219 )   $ 1,504,981     $ 1,364,235     $ 375,695     $ 1,739,930  

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the change in valuation of warrant derivative liabilities recognized as other income (expense) on the condensed consolidated statement of operations, as described in the above table, was $139,219 and ($375,695), respectively.

 

Embedded Derivative Liabilities

 

The carrying amount for the conversion option features, buy-in features, and default remedy features under the 12% Convertible Debentures accounted for as embedded derivative liabilities and classified within Level 3 of the fair-value hierarchy were $11,880,000 and $13,501,000 as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

 

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the change in valuation of embedded derivative liabilities recognized as other income (expense) on the condensed consolidated statements of operations was $1,621,000 and ($2,383,000), respectively.