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Fair Value Measurements | 6 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |  |
Fair Value Measurements | 7. Fair Value Measurements The Company estimates the fair value of financial instruments using available market information and valuation methodologies the Company believes to be appropriate for these purposes. Considerable judgment and a high degree of subjectivity are involved in developing these estimates and, accordingly, they are not necessarily indicative of amounts the Company would realize upon disposition. The fair value hierarchy consists of three broad levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value, which are described below:
| ● | Level 1 Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;
| ● | Level 2 Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable; and
| ● | Level 3 Assets or liabilities for which fair value is based on valuation models with significant unobservable pricing inputs and which result in the use of management estimates.
The Company accounts for certain warrants (as described under the heading Common Stock Warrants in Note 10) as derivative liabilities, which requires the Company to carry such amounts on its condensed consolidated balance sheets as a liability at fair value, as adjusted at each reporting period-end. The Company accounted for the embedded conversion features of the 12% senior convertible debentures (the “12% Convertible Debentures”) as derivative liabilities, which required the Company to carry such amounts on its condensed consolidated balance sheets as a liability at fair value, as adjusted at each reporting period-end. As of December 31, 2020, there was no longer any principal or accrued but unpaid interest outstanding under the 12% Convertible Debentures since certain holders converted the debt into shares of the Company’s common stock and certain holders were paid in cash. These warrants and the embedded conversion features are classified as Level 3 within the fair-value hierarchy. Inputs to the valuation model include the Company’s publicly quoted stock price, the stock volatility, the risk-free interest rate, the remaining life of the warrants, notes and debentures, the exercise price or conversion price, and the dividend rate. The Company uses the closing stock price of its common stock over an appropriate period of time to compute stock volatility. Warrant Derivative Liabilities The following table presents the assumptions used for the warrant derivative liabilities under the Black-Scholes option-pricing model: Schedule of Warrant Derivative Liabilities
|  | As of June 30, 2021 |  |  | As of December 31, 2020 |
|  | Strome Warrants |  |  | B. Riley Warrants |  |  | Strome Warrants |  |  | B. Riley Warrants |
Expected life |  |  | 1.96 |  |  |  | 4.30 |  |  |  | 2.45 |  |  |  | 4.79 |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 0.25 | % |  |  | 0.67 | % |  |  | 0.13 | % |  |  | 0.36 | %
Volatility factor |  |  | 147.10 | % |  |  | 134.44 | % |  |  | 150.55 | % |  |  | 140.95 | %
Dividend rate |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 0 | %
Transaction date closing market price |  | $ | 0.78 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |
Exercise price |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 1.00 |  |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 1.00 |
The following table represents the carrying amounts and change in valuation for the Company’s warrants accounted for as a derivative liability and classified within Level 3 of the fair-value hierarchy: Schedule of Valuation Activity for Warrants Accounted for Derivative Liability
|  | As of and for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 |  |  | As of and for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020 |
|  | Carry Amount at Beginning of Period |  |  | Change in Valuation |  |  | Carrying Amount at End of Period |  |  | Carry Amount at Beginning of Period |  |  | Change in Valuation |  |  | Carrying Amount at End of Period |
Strome Warrants |  | $ | 704,707 |  |  | $ | 185,156 |  |  | $ | 889,863 |  |  | $ | 1,036,687 |  |  | $ | (260,345 | ) |  | $ | 776,342 |
B. Riley Warrants |  |  | 443,188 |  |  |  | 119,787 |  |  |  | 562,975 |  |  |  | 607,513 |  |  |  | (122,150 | ) |  |  | 485,363 |
Total |  | $ | 1,147,895 |  |  | $ | 304,943 |  |  | $ | 1,452,838 |  |  | $ | 1,644,200 |  |  | $ | (382,495 | ) |  | $ | 1,261,705 |
For the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the change in valuation of warrant derivative liabilities recognized as other income on the condensed consolidated statement of operations, was $360,093 and $243,276, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, the change in valuation of warrant derivative liabilities recognized as other income (expense) on the condensed consolidated statement of operations, as described in the above table, was ($304,943) and $382,495, respectively. Embedded Derivative Liabilities For the three months ended June 30, 2020, the change in valuation of embedded derivative liabilities recognized as other income on the condensed consolidated statements of operations was $2,922,000. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, the change in valuation of embedded derivative liabilities recognized as other income on the condensed consolidated statements of operations was $4,543,000. | 16. Fair Value Measurements The Company’s financial instruments consist of Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents of $9,033,872 and $8,852,281, respectively, were Level 1 assets and included savings deposits, overnight investments, and other liquid funds with financial institutions. Financial instruments measured at fair value during the year consisted of the following as of December 31, 2020 and 2019: Schedule of Fair Value of Financial Instruments
|  | Year Ended December 31, 2020 |
|  | Fair Value |  |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Long-term debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
12% Amended Senior Secured Notes |  | $ | 52,556,401 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 52,556,401 |  |  | $ | - |
Warrant derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Strome Warrants |  | $ | 704,707 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 704,707 |
B. Riley Warrants |  |  | 443,188 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 443,188 |
Total warrant derivative liabilities |  | $ | 1,147,895 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,147,895 |
|  | Year Ended December 31, 2019 |
|  | Fair Value |  |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Long-term debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
12% Amended Senior Secured Notes |  | $ | 44,009,745 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 44,009,745 |  |  | $ | - |
Warrant derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Strome Warrants |  | $ | 1,036,687 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,036,687 |
B. Riley Warrants |  |  | 607,513 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 607,513 |
Total warrant derivative liabilities |  | $ | 1,644,200 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,644,200 |
Embedded derivative liabilities |  | $ | 13,501,000 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 13,501,000 |
The carrying value of the Company’s 12% Amended Senior Secured Notes (as defined below) approximates fair value based on current market interest rates for debt instruments of similar credit standing and, consequently, their fair values are based on Level 2 inputs. The quantitative information utilized in the fair value calculation of the Level 3 liabilities are as follows: The Company accounts for certain warrants and the embedded conversion features of the 12% Convertible Debentures (as described in Note 18) as derivative liabilities, which require the Company carry such amounts on its consolidated balance sheets as a liability at fair value, as adjusted at each reporting period-end. The Company determined the fair value of the L2 Warrants, Strome Warrants and B. Riley Warrants (all as described in Note 21) utilizing the Black-Scholes valuation model as further described below. These warrants and the embedded conversion features are classified as Level 3 within the fair-value hierarchy. Inputs to the valuation model include the Company’s publicly-quoted stock price, the stock volatility, the risk-free interest rate, the remaining life of the warrants and debentures, the exercise price or conversion price, and the dividend rate. The Company uses the closing stock price of its common stock over an appropriate period of time to compute stock volatility. These assumptions are summarized as follows: L2 Warrants – 2019 assumptions: Black-Scholes option-pricing; expected life: 3.75 years; risk-free interest rate: 1.56%; volatility factor: 130.46%; dividend rate: 0.0%; transaction date closing market price: $0.89; exercise price: $0.50. Strome Warrants – 2020 assumptions: Black-Scholes option-pricing; expected life: 2.45; risk-free interest rate: 0.13%; volatility factor: 150.55%; dividend rate: 0.0%; transaction date closing market price: $0.60; exercise price: $0.50; and 2019 assumptions: Black-Scholes option-pricing; expected life: 3.45; risk-free interest rate: 1.62%; volatility factor: 144.56%; dividend rate: 0.0%; transaction date closing market price: $0.80; exercise price: $4.50. B. Riley Warrants – 2020 assumptions: Black-Scholes option-pricing; expected life: 4.79 years; risk-free interest rate: 0.36%; volatility factor: 140.95%; dividend rate: 0.0%; transaction date closing market price: $0.60; exercise price: $1.00; and 2019 assumptions: Black-Scholes option-pricing; expected life: 5.80 years; risk-free interest rate: 1.76%; volatility factor: 127.63%; dividend rate: 0.0%; transaction date closing market price:$0.80; exercise price: $1.00. The following table represents the carrying amount, valuation and roll-forward of activity for the Company’s warrants accounted for as a derivative liability and classified within Level 3 of the fair-value hierarchy as of and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019: Schedule of Valuation Activity for Warrants Accounted for Derivative Liability
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Carrying amount at beginning of year: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
L2 Warrants |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 418,214 |
Strome Warrants |  |  | 1,036,687 |  |  |  | 587,971 |
B. Riley Warrants |  |  | 607,513 |  |  |  | 358,050 |
Subtotal carrying amount at beginning of year |  |  | 1,644,200 |  |  |  | 1,364,235 |
Change in valuation of warrant derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
L2 Warrants |  |  | - |  |  |  | 316,972 |
Strome Warrants |  |  | (331,980 | ) |  |  | 448,716 |
B. Riley Warrants |  |  | (164,325 | ) |  |  | 249,463 |
Subtotal change in valuation during the year |  |  | (496,305 | ) |  |  | 1,015,151 |
Exercise of warrants during the year: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
L2 Warrants |  |  | - |  |  |  | 735,186 |
Carrying amount at end of year: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Strome Warrants |  |  | 704,707 |  |  |  | 1,036,687 |
B. Riley Warrants |  |  | 443,188 |  |  |  | 607,513 |
Carrying amount at end of year |  | $ | 1,147,895 |  |  | $ | 1,644,200 |
For the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the change in valuation of warrant derivative liabilities recognized within other (expense) income on the consolidated statement of operations, as described in the above table of $496,305 and ($1,015,151), respectively. The L2 Warrants were fully exercised on a cashless basis during the year ended December 31, 2019, resulting in a $735,186 offset within additional paid-in capital on the consolidated statements of stockholders’ deficiency. The following table represents the carrying amount, valuation and a roll-forward of activity for the conversion option features, buy-in features, and default remedy features, as deemed appropriate for each instrument (collectively the embedded derivative liabilities), for the 12% Convertible Debentures (refer to Note 18) accounted for as embedded derivative liabilities and classified within Level 3 of the fair-value hierarchy as of and for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019: Schedule of Valuation Activity for the Embedded Conversion Feature Liability
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |
Recognition of embedded derivative liabilities (conversion feature, buy-in feature, and default remedy feature): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Carrying amount at beginning of year |  | $ | 13,501,000 |  |  | $ | 7,387,000 |
Issuance date of March 18, 2019 |  |  | - |  |  |  | 822,000 |
Issuance date of March 27, 2019 |  |  | - |  |  |  | 188,000 |
Issuance date of April 8, 2019 |  |  | - |  |  |  | 64,000 |
Change in fair value of embedded derivative liabilities |  |  | (2,571,004 | ) |  |  | 5,040,000 |
Fair value of embedded derivative liabilities recorded within additional paid-capital upon conversion of 12% convertible debentures |  |  | (10,929,996 | ) |  |  | - |
Carrying amount at end of year |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 13,501,000 |
For the year ended December 31, 2020, the change in valuation of embedded derivative liabilities as described in the above table of $2,571,004 was recognized as other income on the consolidated statements of operations. For the year ended December 31, 2019, the change in valuation of embedded derivative liabilities as described in the above table of $5,040,000 was recognized as other expense on the consolidated statements of operations. In addition, the fair value requirement at each period-end for the Series G Preferred Stock embedded conversion feature was no longer required for the year ended December 31, 2019 since it is not considered a derivative liability, therefore, the carrying amount of $72,563 as of January 1, 2018 was recognized as other income of $72,563 during the year ended December 31, 2019 on the consolidated statements of operations. As a result of the conversion of certain 12% Convertible Debentures into shares of the Company’s common stock, the Company recorded the fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities of the conversion option features, buy-in features, and default remedy features of $10,929,996 within additional paid-in capital on the consolidated statements of stockholders’ deficiency (as further described in Note 18). There have been no transfers in Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 and no changes in valuation techniques for these assets or liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123874694&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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