NOTE 3—REVENUE

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09 (“ASC Topic 606”), “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”. ASC Topic 606 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in ASC Topic 605, “Revenue Recognition” (“ASC Topic 605”) and requires the recognition of revenue upon transfer of control of promised services and products to clients in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to receive in exchange for those services and products. We adopted ASC Topic 606 as of January 1, 2018 using the cumulative catch-up transition method.

The majority of our revenue is derived from contracts that can span from a few months to several years. We enter into contracts that can include various combinations of services, which, depending on contract type, are sometimes capable of being distinct. If services are determined to be distinct, they are accounted for as separate performance obligations. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the client and is the unit of account. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation as the promise to transfer the individual services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and, therefore, not distinct. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, including our managed service implementation and software and implementation contract types, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation using our best estimate of the standalone selling price, or SSP, of each distinct good or service in the contract. We used practical expedients permitted by the standard when applicable. These practical expedients included:

applying the new guidance only to contracts that are not completed as of January 1, 2018;

expensing the incremental costs to obtain a contract as incurred when the expected amortization period is one year or less; and

presenting all revenue net of any related sales tax.

Our contracts may include promises to transfer multiple services and products to a client. Determining whether services and products are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require judgment.

Estimates were required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation identified within our managed service implementation contracts, software and implementation contracts, and research and subscription contracts.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings, and cash collections results in billed accounts receivables, unbilled receivables (contract assets), and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities). Our clients are billed based on the type of arrangement. A portion of our services is billed monthly based on hourly or daily rates. There are also client engagements in which we bill a fixed amount for our services. This may be one single amount covering the whole engagement or several amounts for various phases, functions, or milestones. Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. However, we sometimes receive advances or deposits before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. Contract assets and liabilities are reported in the current assets and current liabilities sections of the consolidated balance sheet, at the end of each reporting period, based on the timing of the satisfaction of the related performance obligation(s). See the table below for a breakdown of contract assets and contract liabilities.


	December 31,		December 31,
	2019		2018
Contract assets	$	28,529	$	22,878
Contract liabilities	$	4,935	$	6,187

Revenue recognized for the year ended December 31, 2019 that was included in the contract liability balance at January 1, 2019 was $5.9 million and represented primarily revenue from our software and implementation contracts, managed services contracts, and research contracts.

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by geographic area for the year ended December 31, 2019.


	Year Ended
	December 31,
Geographic area	2019
Americas	$	156,075
Europe		90,739
Asia Pacific		18,949
	$	265,763

Remaining performance obligations

As of December 31, 2019, the Company had $94.6 million of remaining performance obligations, the majority of which are expected to be satisfied within the next year.