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REVENUE
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
REVENUE  
REVENUE

NOTE 5—REVENUE

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The majority of the Company’s revenue is derived from contracts that can span from a few months to several years. The Company enters into contracts that can include various combinations of services, which, depending on contract type, are sometimes capable of being distinct. If services are determined to be distinct, they are accounted for as separate performance obligations. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to the client and is the unit of account. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. The majority of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation as the respective promise to transfer the individual services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and, therefore, is not distinct. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation using its best estimate of the stand-alone selling price, or SSP, of each distinct product or service in the contract. The Company establishes SSP based on management’s estimated selling price or observable prices of products or services sold separately in comparable circumstances to similar clients.

The Company’s contracts may include promises to transfer multiple services and products to a client. Determining whether services and products are considered distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately versus together may require judgment.

Contract Balances

The timing of revenue recognition, billings and cash collections result in billed accounts receivables, unbilled receivables (contract assets) and customer advances and deposits (contract liabilities). The Company’s clients are billed based on the type of arrangement. A portion of the Company’s services are billed monthly based on hourly or daily rates. There are also client engagements in which the Company bills a fixed amount for its services. This may be one single amount covering the whole engagement or several amounts for various phases, functions or milestones. Generally, billing occurs subsequent to revenue recognition, resulting in contract assets. However, the Company sometimes receives advances or deposits before revenue is recognized, resulting in contract liabilities. Contract assets and liabilities are generally reported in the current assets and current liabilities sections of the consolidated balance sheet, at the end of each reporting period, based on the timing of the satisfaction of the related performance obligation(s). For multi-year contract sales with annual invoicing, the Company performs a significant financing component calculation and recognizes the associated interest income throughout the duration of the financing period. In addition, it reclassifies the resulting contract asset balances as current and noncurrent receivables as receipt of the consideration is conditional only on the passage of time and there are no performance risk factors present. See the table below for a breakdown of the Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities as of the periods presented.

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September 30,

    

December 31,

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2025

    

2024

Contract assets

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$

19,249

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$

18,335

Contract liabilities

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$

10,741

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$

10,058

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Revenue recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 that was included in the contract liability balance at January 1, 2025 was $0.6 million and $8.2 million, respectively, primarily representing revenue from the Company’s subscription, fixed-fee, and research contracts.

Remaining Performance Obligations

As of September 30, 2025, the Company had $111.3 million of remaining performance obligations, the majority of which are expected to be satisfied within the next twelve months.

Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets

During the fourth quarter of 2023, a client that had engaged the Company for two multi-year projects, which previously commenced in 2021 and 2022, respectively, failed to make payments as per the contracted payment schedule. As a result, the Company ceased performing services under the agreements. After unsuccessful negotiations, the Company provided the client with notice that it would be terminating the respective projects. Accordingly, during the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company recorded through bad debt expense an allowance for doubtful accounts reserve of $4.9 million associated with this client. The specific reserve recorded as of December 31, 2024 represented management’s best estimate of the probable amount of collection related to the outstanding amounts under these agreements. During the three months ended June 30, 2025, after exhausting all collection efforts on one of the projects, the Company wrote-off $3.6 million of the outstanding amounts against the previously established reserve. As all amounts written off were previously fully reserved, there was no incremental impact to the income statement in such period. As of September 30, 2025, $1.3 million of the reserve on the other multi-year project remains, and the Company is continuing to pursue legal action against the former client, which has resulted in a favorable judgment for ISG. As collection efforts are ongoing, actual collections from the client may differ from the Company’s estimate.

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Separately, the Company is currently engaged in litigation with a client over a disputed accounts receivable balance for services rendered. As the Company believes the balance of approximately $4.7 million is collectible, it has not recorded a reserve. The Company will continue to reassess the need for a reserve in future periods.