b. Pension and Postretirement Benefits. Net periodic pension expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 is presented below (in millions of dollars):


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2014									Three Months Ended June 30, 2013
	Total			U.S. Plans			Int’l. Plans			Total			U.S. Plans			Int’l. Plans
Service cost	$	1.9		$	—		$	1.9		$	2.6		$	—		$	2.6
Interest cost		92.3			62.2			30.1			81.2			55.0			26.2
Expected return on plan assets		(112.9	)		(72.0	)		(40.9	)		(107.4	)		(72.7	)		(34.7	)
Amortization of prior service cost		(.3	)		.2			(.5	)		(.3	)		.1			(.4	)
Recognized net actuarial loss		37.5			27.0			10.5			46.7			34.1			12.6
Curtailment gain		(.6	)		—			(.6	)		—			—			—

Net periodic pension expense	$	17.9		$	17.4		$	.5		$	22.8		$	16.5		$	6.3


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2014									Six Months Ended June 30, 2013
	Total			U.S. Plans			Int’l. Plans			Total			U.S. Plans			Int’l. Plans
Service cost	$	4.3		$	—		$	4.3		$	5.2		$	—		$	5.2
Interest cost		184.6			124.7			59.9			162.3			109.8			52.5
Expected return on plan assets		(225.6	)		(144.0	)		(81.6	)		(215.4	)		(145.7	)		(69.7	)
Amortization of prior service cost		(.6	)		.4			(1.0	)		(.4	)		.3			(.7	)
Recognized net actuarial loss		75.3			54.8			20.5			94.3			69.0			25.3
Curtailment gain		(.6	)		—			(.6	)		—			—			—

Net periodic pension expense	$	37.4		$	35.9		$	1.5		$	46.0		$	33.4		$	12.6

In 2014, the company estimates that it will make cash contributions of approximately $235 million to its worldwide defined benefit pension plans, which is comprised of $109 million primarily for non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans and $126 million for the company’s U.S. qualified defined benefit pension plan. In 2013, the company made cash contributions of $147.2 million to its worldwide defined benefit pension plans. For the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, $103.1 million and $61.3 million, respectively, of cash contributions have been made.

Net periodic postretirement benefit expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 is presented below (in millions of dollars):


	Three Months Ended June 30						Six Months Ended June 30
	2014			2013			2014			2013
Service cost	$	.1		$	.2		$	.3		$	.3
Interest cost		2.0			2.0			4.0			4.0
Expected return on assets		(.2	)		(.1	)		(.3	)		(.2	)
Amortization of prior service cost		.5			.5			.9			.9
Recognized net actuarial loss		.9			1.3			1.7			2.7

Net periodic postretirement benefit expense	$	3.3		$	3.9		$	6.6		$	7.7

The company expects to make cash contributions of approximately $19 million to its postretirement benefit plan in 2014 compared with $18.0 million in 2013. For the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, $6.4 million and $7.0 million, respectively, of cash contributions have been made.