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Income taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2016
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Total Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes and Provision for Income Taxes | Following is the total income (loss) before income taxes and the provision for income taxes for the three years ended December 31, 2016.
Year ended December 31, |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | (88.3 | ) |  | $ | (130.6 | ) |  | $ | (19.9 | )
Foreign |  | 108.8 |  |  | 71.8 |  |  | 165.4 |
Total income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 20.5 |  |  | $ | (58.8 | ) |  | $ | 145.5 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  |  |  |  |
Current |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 6.7 |  |  | $ | 1.0 |  |  | $ | 2.1 |
Foreign |  | 47.7 |  |  | 42.2 |  |  | 59.4 |
State and local |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 1.0 |
Total |  | 54.4 |  |  | 43.5 |  |  | 62.5 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign |  | 2.8 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 23.7 |
Total provision for income taxes |  | $ | 57.2 |  |  | $ | 44.4 |  |  | $ | 86.2 |
Reconciliation of the Provision for Income Taxes | Following is a reconciliation of the provision for income taxes at the United States statutory tax rate to the provision for income taxes as reported:
Year ended December 31, |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
United States statutory income tax provision (benefit) |  | $ | 7.2 |  |  | $ | (20.6 | ) |  | $ | 50.9 |
Income and losses for which no provision or benefit has been recognized |  | 65.5 |  |  | 69.1 |  |  | 35.7 |
Foreign rate differential and other foreign tax expense |  | (21.1 | ) |  | (15.9 | ) |  | (22.0 | )
Income tax withholdings |  | 22.8 |  |  | 12.5 |  |  | 17.1 |
Permanent items |  | (4.7 | ) |  | (1.9 | ) |  | 1.1 |
Enacted rate changes |  | 3.5 |  |  | 9.1 |  |  | — |
Change in uncertain tax positions |  | 0.4 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 0.2 |
Change in valuation allowances due to changes in judgment |  | (16.4 | ) |  | (5.4 | ) |  | 7.0 |
Income tax credits, U.S. |  | — |  |  | (4.0 | ) |  | (3.9 | )
Other |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |
Provision for income taxes |  | $ | 57.2 |  |  | $ | 44.4 |  |  | $ | 86.2 |
Significant Portions of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | The tax effects of temporary differences and carryforwards that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2016 and 2015 were as follows:
As of December 31, |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Deferred tax assets |  |  |  |
Tax loss carryforwards |  | $ | 889.6 |  |  | $ | 854.5 |
Postretirement benefits |  | 728.9 |  |  | 695.7 |
Foreign tax credit carryforwards |  | 317.6 |  |  | 263.2 |
Other tax credit carryforwards |  | 91.4 |  |  | 86.7 |
Deferred revenue |  | 81.0 |  |  | 65.7 |
Employee benefits and compensation |  | 49.1 |  |  | 49.9 |
Purchased capitalized software |  | 32.6 |  |  | 39.5 |
Depreciation |  | 28.3 |  |  | 36.8 |
Warranty, bad debts and other reserves |  | 16.1 |  |  | 14.1 |
Capitalized costs |  | 10.9 |  |  | 13.0 |
Capitalized research and development |  | — |  |  | 3.2 |
Other |  | 27.7 |  |  | 39.7 |
|  | 2,273.2 |  |  | 2,162.0 |
Valuation allowance |  | (2,084.6 | ) |  | (2,024.9 | )
Total deferred tax assets |  | $ | 188.6 |  |  | $ | 137.1 |
Deferred tax liabilities |  |  |  |
Capitalized research and development |  | $ | 20.3 |  |  | $ | — |
Other |  | 28.4 |  |  | 22.7 |
Total deferred tax liabilities |  | $ | 48.7 |  |  | $ | 22.7 |
Net deferred tax assets |  | $ | 139.9 |  |  | $ | 114.4 |
Reconciliation of Changes in Unrecognized Tax Benefits | A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
Year ended December 31, |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2014 |
Balance at January 1 |  | $ | 27.7 |  |  | $ | 35.0 |  |  | $ | 26.3 |
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year |  | 2.7 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 14.4 |
Changes for tax positions of prior years |  | 2.0 |  |  | (4.0 | ) |  | (1.4 | )
Reductions as a result of a lapse of applicable statute of limitations |  | (2.8 | ) |  | (3.4 | ) |  | (1.6 | )
Settlements |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.9 | ) |  | (0.9 | )
Changes due to foreign currency |  | (3.7 | ) |  | (2.4 | ) |  | (1.8 | )
Balance at December 31 |  | $ | 25.8 |  |  | $ | 27.7 |  |  | $ | 35.0 |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65882285&loc=d3e32687-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure for tax positions taken in the tax returns filed or to be filed for which it is more likely than not that the tax position will not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities and other income tax contingencies. Includes, but is not limited to, interest and penalties, reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits, unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate, tax years that remain subject to examination by tax jurisdictions, and information about positions for which it is reasonably possible that amounts unrecognized will significantly change within 12 months. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15A -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65882285&loc=SL6600010-109319 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65882285&loc=d3e32718-109319 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 19 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=65882285&loc=d3e32840-109319 + Details
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