Recent accounting pronouncements and accounting changes

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

Effective January 1, 2017, the company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-04 Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) which simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Under the amended guidance, an entity will perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge will be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. Adoption of this new guidance had no impact on the company’s consolidated results of operations and financial position.

Effective January 1, 2017, the company adopted ASU No. 2016-18 Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) - Restricted Cash issued by the FASB which requires companies to include amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The new guidance has been applied on retrospective basis whereby prior-period financial statements have been adjusted to reflect the application of the new guidance, as required by the FASB. Amounts reclassified in the consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 are as follows:



Year ended December 31,	2016				2015
Cash flows from operating activities
Other assets	$	(1.9	)	2.60	$	2.6
Cash flows from investing activities
Other	1.6				(2.3		)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(0.8		)		(4.6		)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year	31.6				35.9
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of year	30.5				31.6

Effective January 1, 2017, the company adopted ASU No. 2016-16 Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory issued by the FASB which allows the recognition of deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer, other than inventory, when the transfer occurs. Historically, recognition of the income tax consequence was not recognized until the asset was sold to an outside party. The new guidance has been applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to accumulated deficit. At January 1, 2017, the adjustment to accumulated deficit was an increase of $4.4 million.

Effective January 1, 2017, the company adopted ASU No. 2016-15 Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force), issued by the FASB which clarifies the treatment of several cash flow categories. In addition, the guidance also clarifies that when cash receipts and cash payments have aspects of more than one class of cash flows and cannot be separated, classification will depend on the predominant source or use. The company previously reported premium payments on and proceeds from the settlement of corporate-owned life insurance policies as cash flows from operating activities in the company’s consolidated statement of cash flows. Under the new guidance, these amounts were reclassified to investing activities. The new guidance has been applied on a retrospective basis whereby prior-period financial statements have been adjusted to reflect the application of the new guidance, as required by the FASB. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, $1.5 million and $1.1 million, respectively, were reclassified from “other assets” in operating activities to “other” in investing activities in the company’s consolidated statements of cash flows.

Effective January 1, 2017, the company adopted ASU No. 2016-09 Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, issued by the FASB, which changes certain aspects of accounting for share-based payments to employees. The new guidance requires all income tax effects of awards to be recognized in the income statement when the awards vest or are settled. It also allows an employer to repurchase more of an employee’s shares than it can today for tax withholding purposes without triggering liability accounting and to make a policy election to account for forfeitures as they occur. Additionally, the standard requires all tax-related cash flows resulting from share-based payments to be reported as operating activities on the consolidated statement of cash flows, and any cash payments made to taxing authorities on an employee’s behalf as financing activities, which the company previously reported as operating activities. The new guidance has been applied on a retrospective basis whereby prior-period financial statements have been adjusted to reflect the application of the new guidance, as required by the FASB. For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, $0.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively, were reclassified from “accounts payable and other accrued liabilities” in operating activities to “other” in financing activities in the company’s consolidated statements of cash flows.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07 Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost, which requires employers to present the service cost component of net periodic benefit cost in the same income statement line item(s) as other employee compensation costs arising from services rendered during the period. Only the service cost component will be eligible for capitalization in assets. The other components of net periodic benefit cost will be presented separately from the line items that include service cost and outside the subtotal of operating income. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, which for the company is January 1, 2018. Adoption of this new guidance will result in the reclassification of net periodic benefit cost, other than service costs ($92.5 million and $81.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively), from operating income to non-operating income. There will be no overall impact on the company’s consolidated financial position.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13 Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which introduces a new model for recognizing credit losses on financial instruments based on an estimate of current expected losses. This includes trade and other receivables, loans and other financial instruments. This update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with earlier adoption permitted. The company is currently assessing when it will choose to adopt, and is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption on its consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02 Leases (Topic 842), which is intended to improve financial reporting about leasing transactions. The ASU requires organizations that lease assets, referred to as lessees, to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases. The standard requires disclosures to help investors and other financial statement users better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with earlier adoption permitted. The company will adopt the new guidance on January 1, 2019, and is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption on its consolidated results of operations and financial position.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which establishes principles that an entity shall apply to report useful information to users of financial statements about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows from a contract with a customer. The standard, and its various amendments, is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, which for the company is January 1, 2018. The standard allows for either “full retrospective” adoption, meaning the standard is applied to all periods presented, or “modified retrospective” adoption, meaning the standard is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements. The new standard would require the company to recognize revenue for certain transactions, including extended payment term software licenses and short-term software licenses, sooner than the current rules would allow and require the company to recognize software license extensions and renewals (the most significant impact upon adoption), later than the current rules would allow. The standard also requires significantly expanded disclosure requirements. The company will adopt the standard on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. The company does not believe there will be a material impact to its consolidated financial position upon adoption.