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Employee plans (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]  
Fair Value Assumptions on Stock Options
The fair value of stock option awards granted in 2016 and 2015 was estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions and weighted-average fair values as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
 
2016

 
2015

Weighted-average fair value of grant
 
$
4.53

 
$
8.92

Risk-free interest rate
 
1.29
%
 
1.28
%
Expected volatility
 
51.30
%
 
45.46
%
Expected life of options in years
 
4.90

 
4.92

Expected dividend yield
 

 

Summary of Stock Option Activity
A summary of stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2017 follows (shares in thousands):
 
 
Shares
 
Weighted- Average Exercise Price
 
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)
 
Aggregate Intrinsic Value ($ in millions)
Outstanding at December 31, 2016
 
2,099

 
$
25.41

 
 
 
 
Granted
 

 

 
 
 
 
Exercised
 
(1
)
 
10.65

 
 
 
 
Forfeited and expired
 
(340
)
 
20.59

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2017
 
1,758

 
26.35

 
1.56
 
$

Expected to vest at December 31, 2017
 
198

 
23.20

 
3.42
 
$

Exercisable at December 31, 2017
 
1,558

 
26.76

 
1.33
 
$

Summary of Restricted Stock Unit Activity
A summary of restricted stock unit activity for the year ended December 31, 2017 follows (shares in thousands):
 
 
Restricted Stock Units
 
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2016
 
1,454

 
$
12.68

Granted
 
1,042

 
13.85

Vested
 
(555
)
 
13.31

Forfeited and expired
 
(253
)
 
11.88

Outstanding at December 31, 2017
 
1,688

 
13.39

Schedule of Accumulated Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets
Information for defined benefit retirement plans with an accumulated benefit obligation in excess of plan assets at December 31, 2017 and 2016 follows:
As of December 31,
 
2017

 
2016

Accumulated benefit obligation
 
$
7,151.7

 
$
7,551.8

Fair value of plan assets
 
5,227.0

 
5,357.2

Schedule of Projected Benefit Obligation in Excess of Plan Assets
Information for defined benefit retirement plans with a projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets at December 31, 2017 and 2016 follows:
As of December 31,
 
2017

 
2016

Projected benefit obligation
 
$
7,153.4

 
$
7,555.2

Fair value of plan assets
 
5,227.0

 
5,357.2

Schedule of Weighted-Average Assumptions
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligation at December 31 were as follows:
Year ended December 31,
 
2017

 
2016

 
2015

Discount rate
 
5.30
%
 
5.53
%
 
5.61
%
Company's Investment Policy Targets and Ranges for Each Asset Category
The company’s investment policy targets and ranges for each asset category are as follows:
 
 
U.S.
 
International
Asset Category
 
Target

 
Range

 
Target

 
Range
Equity securities
 
58
%
 
52-64%

 
24
%
 
18-30%
Debt securities
 
36
%
 
33-39%

 
60
%
 
53-66%
Real estate
 
6
%
 
3-9%

 
1
%
 
0-3%
Cash
 
%
 
0-5%

 
1
%
 
0-5%
Other
 
%
 
%
 
14
%
 
7-21%
Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates
Assumed health care cost trend rates at December 31,
 
2017

 
2016

Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year
 
6.6
%
 
5.8
%
Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate)
 
4.8
%
 
4.8
%
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate
 
2023

 
2023

Effect of One-Percentage-Point Change in Assumed Health Care Cost Trend Rates
A one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects:
 
 
1-Percentage- Point Increase

 
1-Percentage- Point Decrease

Effect on service and interest cost
 
$
0.1

 
$
(0.1
)
Effect on postretirement benefit obligation
 
2.0

 
(1.7
)
Schedule of Plans' Assets (Liabilities) at Fair Value
The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the plans’ assets (liabilities) at fair value at December 31, 2017.
 
 
U.S. Plans
 
International Plans
As of December 31, 2017
 
Fair Value

 
Level 1

 
Level 2

 
Level 3

 
Fair Value

 
Level 1

 
Level 2

 
Level 3

Pension plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stocks
 
$
1,465.1

 
$
1,461.9

 
$
3.2

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Commingled Funds
 
584.4

 
 
 
584.4

 
 
 
84.0

 
 
 
84.0

 
 
Debt Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Govt. Securities
 
139.8

 
139.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Fixed Income
 
830.6

 
 
 
830.6

 
 
 
254.1

 
2.6

 
251.5

 
 
Insurance Contracts
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
135.8

 
 
 
 
 
135.8

Commingled Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
267.5

 
 
 
267.5

 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real Estate Investment Trusts
 
113.5

 
113.5

 
 
 
 
 
1.4

 
0.4

 
1.0

 
 
Other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
 
2.6

 
13.1

 
(10.5
)
 
 
 
1.2

 
 
 
1.2

 
 
Commingled Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
357.1

 
 
 
357.1

 
 
Pooled Funds
 
228.0

 
 
 
228.0

 
 
 
29.2

 
 
 
29.2

 
 
Cash
 
34.8

 
34.8

 
 
 
 
 
25.1

 
25.1

 
 
 
 
Receivables
 
58.1

 
58.1

 
 
 
 
 
19.9

 
19.9

 
 
 
 
Payables
 
(116.7
)
 
(116.7
)
 
 
 
 
 
(1.5
)
 
(1.5
)
 
 
 
 
Total plan assets in fair value hierarchy
 
$
3,340.2

 
$
1,704.5

 
$
1,635.7

 
$

 
$
1,173.8

 
$
46.5

 
$
991.5

 
$
135.8

Plan assets measured using NAV as a practical expedient(a):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commingled Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity
 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
780.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt
 
19.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
837.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
 
105.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
Private Real Estate
 
112.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
Private Equity
 
0.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total pension plan assets
 
$
3,578.4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
2,833.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
Other postretirement plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Insurance Contracts
 
$
7.6

 
 
 
 
 
$
7.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a) Investments measured at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table for these investments are included to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the total plan assets.
The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the plans’ assets (liabilities) at fair value at December 31, 2016.
 
 
U.S. Plans
 
International Plans
As of December 31, 2016
 
Fair Value

 
Level 1

 
Level 2

 
Level 3

 
Fair Value

 
Level 1

 
Level 2

 
Level 3

Pension plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common Stocks
 
$
1,443.1

 
$
1,438.3

 
$
4.8

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Commingled Funds
 
517.9

 
 
 
517.9

 
 
 
76.0

 
 
 
76.0

 
 
Debt Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. Govt. Securities
 
158.5

 
158.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other Fixed Income
 
812.4

 
 
 
812.4

 
 
 
241.4

 
0.5

 
240.9

 
 
Insurance Contracts
 


 
 
 
 
 


 
116.2

 
 
 
 
 
116.2

Commingled Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
242.8

 
 
 
242.8

 
 
Real Estate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Real Estate Investment Trusts
 
156.2

 
156.2

 
 
 
 
 
1.6

 
1.2

 
0.4

 
 
Other
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives
 
3.1

 
(1.1
)
 
4.2

 
 
 
4.9

 
 
 
4.9

 
 
Commingled Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
294.5

 
 
 
294.5

 
 
Pooled Funds
 
272.0

 
 
 
272.0

 
 
 
6.7

 
 
 
6.7

 
 
Cash
 
12.2

 
12.2

 
 
 
 
 
11.4

 
11.4

 
 
 
 
Receivables
 
107.2

 
107.2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Payables
 
(195.3
)
 
(195.3
)
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Total plan assets in fair value hierarchy
 
$
3,287.3

 
$
1,676.0

 
$
1,611.3

 
$

 
$
995.5

 
$
13.1

 
$
866.2

 
$
116.2

Plan assets measured using NAV as a practical expedient(a):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commingled Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity
 
$

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
726.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt
 
18.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
640.0

 
 
 
 
 
 
Other
 
104.6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25.8

 
 
 
 
 
 
Private Real Estate
 
40.5

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
41.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
Private Equity
 
1.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total pension plan assets
 
$
3,452.1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
2,429.7

 
 
 
 
 
 
Other postretirement plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Insurance Contracts
 
$
7.9

 
 
 
 
 
$
7.9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

(a) Investments measured at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in this table for these investments are included to permit reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the total plan assets.
Summary of Changes in the Fair Value of the Plans' Level 3 Assets
The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the plans’ Level 3 assets for the year ended December 31, 2017.
 
 
January 1,
2017
 
Realized
gains
(losses)
 
Purchases
or
acquisitions
 
Sales
or
dispositions
 
Currency and unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at December 31, 2017
 
December 31,
2017
U.S. plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other postretirement plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Insurance Contracts
 
$
7.9

 
$
(0.2
)
 
$
0.2

 
$
(0.3
)
 
$

 
$
7.6

International pension plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Insurance Contracts
 
$
116.2

 
$

 
$
10.8

 
$
(11.4
)
 
$
20.2

 
$
135.8

The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the plans’ Level 3 assets for the year ended December 31, 2016.
 
 
January 1,
2016
 
Realized
gains
(losses)
 
Purchases
or
acquisitions
 
Sales
or
dispositions
 
Currency and unrealized gains (losses) relating to instruments still held at December 31, 2016
 
December 31,
2016
U.S. plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other postretirement plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Insurance Contracts
 
$
7.7

 
$
(0.3
)
 
$
0.5

 
$

 
$

 
$
7.9

International pension plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Insurance Contracts
 
$
120.6

 
$

 
$
4.7

 
$
(11.0
)
 
$
1.9

 
$
116.2

Schedule of Additional Information About Plan Assets Valued Using Net Asset Value
The following table presents additional information about plan assets valued using the net asset value as a practical expedient within the fair value hierarchy table.
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
 
Fair Value
 
Unfunded Commit-ments
 
Redemption Frequency
 
Redemption Notice Period Range
 
Fair Value
 
Unfunded Commit-ments
 
Redemption Frequency
 
Redemption Notice Period Range
U.S. plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commingled Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt
 
$
19.8

 
$

 
Daily
 
5 days
 
$
18.6

 
$

 
Daily
 
5 days
Other
 
105.1

 

 
Monthly
 
5 days
 
104.6

 

 
Monthly
 
5 days
Private Real Estate(a)
 
112.4

 

 
Quarterly
 
Up to 90 days
 
40.5

 

 
Quarterly
 
60 days
Private Equity(b)
 
0.9

 

 
 
 
 
 
1.1

 

 
 
 
 
Total
 
$
238.2

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
$
164.8

 
$

 
 
 
 
International pension plans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commingled Funds
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity
 
$
780.7

 
$

 
Weekly, Monthly
 
Up to 30 days
 
$
726.7

 
$

 
Weekly, Monthly
 
Up to 90 days
Debt
 
837.7

 

 
Weekly, Biweekly, Bimonthly, Monthly
 
Up to 30 days
 
640.0

 

 
Weekly, Biweekly, Bimonthly, Monthly
 
Up to 90 days
Other
 
25.2

 

 
Monthly
 
Up to 30 days
 
25.8

 

 
Monthly, Quarterly
 
Up to 90 days
Private Real Estate
 
16.5

 

 
Monthly
 
Up to 90 days
 
41.7

 

 
Monthly, Quarterly
 
Up to 90 days
Total
 
$
1,660.1

 
$

 
 
 
 
 
$
1,434.2

 
$

 
 
 
 
(a) Includes investments in private real estate funds and limited partnerships. The funds invest in U.S. real estate and allow redemptions quarterly, though queues, restrictions, and gates may extend the period. The limited partnerships include investments in primarily U.S. real estate, and can never be redeemed. The partnerships are all currently being wound up, and are expected to make all distributions over the next three years.
(b) Includes investments in limited partnerships, which invest primarily in U.S. buyouts and venture capital. The investments can never be redeemed. The partnerships are all currently being wound up, and are expected to make all distributions over the next three years.
Pension Plans  
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]  
Funded Status of the Plan and Amounts Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheet
Retirement plans’ funded status and amounts recognized in the company’s consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2017 and 2016 follows:
 
 
U.S. Plans
 
International Plans
As of December 31,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Change in projected benefit obligation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
 
$
4,972.0

 
$
5,231.4

 
$
3,076.2

 
$
2,987.8

Service cost
 

 

 
5.1

 
7.4

Interest cost
 
211.3

 
231.3

 
72.8

 
87.8

Plan participants’ contributions
 

 

 
1.9

 
2.3

Plan amendment
 

 

 
(52.5
)
 

Plan curtailment
 

 

 
(2.2
)
 
(3.7
)
Actuarial loss (gain)
 
177.0

 
87.2

 
(93.8
)
 
502.2

Benefits paid
 
(358.7
)
 
(577.9
)
 
(117.1
)
 
(110.0
)
Foreign currency translation adjustments
 

 

 
299.3

 
(397.6
)
Benefit obligation at end of year
 
$
5,001.6

 
$
4,972.0

 
$
3,189.7

 
$
3,076.2

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
 
$
3,452.1

 
$
3,759.4

 
$
2,429.7

 
$
2,496.8

Actual return on plan assets
 
424.0

 
211.8

 
172.3

 
287.7

Employer contribution
 
61.0

 
58.8

 
77.4

 
73.7

Plan participants’ contributions
 

 

 
1.9

 
2.3

Benefits paid
 
(358.7
)
 
(577.9
)
 
(117.1
)
 
(110.0
)
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments
 

 

 
269.7

 
(320.8
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
 
$
3,578.4

 
$
3,452.1

 
$
2,833.9

 
$
2,429.7

Funded status at end of year
 
$
(1,423.2
)
 
$
(1,519.9
)
 
$
(355.8
)
 
$
(646.5
)
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prepaid postretirement assets
 
$

 
$

 
$
147.4

 
$
31.9

Other accrued liabilities
 
(6.8
)
 
(6.7
)
 
(0.2
)
 
(0.2
)
Long-term postretirement liabilities
 
(1,416.4
)
 
(1,513.2
)
 
(503.0
)
 
(678.2
)
Total funded status
 
$
(1,423.2
)
 
$
(1,519.9
)
 
$
(355.8
)
 
$
(646.5
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 
$
2,690.6

 
$
2,828.8

 
$
1,067.8

 
$
1,144.7

Prior service credit
 
$
(39.8
)
 
$
(42.4
)
 
$
(69.8
)
 
$
(27.7
)
Accumulated benefit obligation
 
$
5,001.6

 
$
4,972.0

 
$
3,188.0

 
$
3,072.1

Components of Net Periodic Cost
Net periodic pension cost (income) for 2017, 2016 and 2015 includes the following components:
 
 
U.S. Plans
 
International Plans
Year ended December 31,
 
2017

 
2016

 
2015

 
2017

 
2016

 
2015

Service cost
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
5.1

 
$
7.4

 
$
8.7

Interest cost
 
211.3

 
231.3

 
224.1

 
72.8

 
87.8

 
94.1

Expected return on plan assets
 
(235.2
)
 
(253.1
)
 
(254.8
)
 
(127.5
)
 
(139.5
)
 
(155.4
)
Amortization of prior service credit
 
(2.5
)
 
(2.5
)
 
(2.4
)
 
(2.4
)
 
(3.0
)
 
(1.9
)
Recognized net actuarial loss
 
126.4

 
116.0

 
132.7

 
49.8

 
40.3

 
63.6

Curtailment gain
 

 

 

 
(5.4
)
 
(2.0
)
 

Net periodic pension cost (income)
 
$
100.0

 
$
91.7

 
$
99.6

 
$
(7.6
)
 
$
(9.0
)
 
$
9.1

Schedule of Weighted-Average Assumptions
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic pension cost for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
 
 
U.S. Plans
 
International Plans
Year ended December 31,
 
2017

 
2016

 
2015

 
2017

 
2016

 
2015

Discount rate
 
4.38
%
 
4.56
%
 
4.09
%
 
2.34
%
 
3.30
%
 
3.05
%
Rate of compensation increase
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
1.66
%
 
1.66
%
 
1.68
%
Expected long-term rate of return on assets
 
6.80
%
 
6.80
%
 
6.80
%
 
5.30
%
 
5.99
%
 
6.45
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligations at December 31 were as follows:
Discount rate
 
3.87
%
 
4.38
%
 
4.56
%
 
2.24
%
 
2.34
%
 
3.30
%
Rate of compensation increase
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
1.55
%
 
1.66
%
 
1.68
%
Expected Future Benefit Payments
As of December 31, 2017, the following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service where applicable, are expected to be paid from the defined benefit pension plans:
Year ending December 31,
 
U.S.

 
International

2018
 
$
364.4

 
$
98.7

2019
 
361.4

 
102.8

2020
 
359.3

 
106.9

2021
 
357.6

 
110.3

2022
 
355.1

 
117.5

2023 - 2027
 
1,693.6

 
642.5

Other Postretirement Benefit Plans  
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]  
Funded Status of the Plan and Amounts Recognized in Consolidated Balance Sheet
A reconciliation of the benefit obligation, fair value of the plan assets and the funded status of the postretirement benefit plan at December 31, 2017 and 2016, follows:
As of December 31,
 
2017

 
2016

Change in accumulated benefit obligation
 
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
 
$
120.1

 
$
131.5

Service cost
 
0.5

 
0.4

Interest cost
 
5.6

 
6.2

Plan participants’ contributions
 
3.5

 
3.8

Amendments
 
(7.4
)
 
(3.3
)
Actuarial gain
 
(4.3
)
 
(1.4
)
Federal drug subsidy
 
0.3

 
1.4

Benefits paid
 
(15.7
)
 
(16.9
)
Foreign currency translation and other adjustments
 
0.6

 
(1.6
)
Benefit obligation at end of year
 
$
103.2

 
$
120.1

Change in plan assets
 
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
 
$
7.9

 
$
7.7

Actual return on plan assets
 
(0.3
)
 
(0.3
)
Employer contributions
 
12.2

 
13.6

Plan participants’ contributions
 
3.5

 
3.8

Benefits paid
 
(15.7
)
 
(16.9
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
 
$
7.6

 
$
7.9

Funded status at end of year
 
$
(95.6
)
 
$
(112.2
)
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets consist of:
 
 
 
 
Prepaid postretirement assets
 
$
0.9

 
$
1.4

Other accrued liabilities
 
(11.5
)
 
(12.4
)
Long-term postretirement liabilities
 
(85.0
)
 
(101.2
)
Total funded status
 
$
(95.6
)
 
$
(112.2
)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax
 
 
 
 
Net loss
 
$
14.9

 
$
19.0

Prior service credit
 
(9.8
)
 
(3.2
)
Components of Net Periodic Cost
Net periodic postretirement benefit cost for 2017, 2016 and 2015, follows:
Year ended December 31,
 
2017

 
2016

 
2015

Service cost
 
$
0.5

 
$
0.4

 
$
0.6

Interest cost
 
5.6

 
6.2

 
6.9

Expected return on assets
 
(0.5
)
 
(0.4
)
 
(0.4
)
Amortization of prior service cost
 
(0.7
)
 

 
1.1

Recognized net actuarial loss
 
0.8

 
0.5

 
1.8

Net periodic benefit cost
 
$
5.7

 
$
6.7

 
$
10.0

Schedule of Weighted-Average Assumptions
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine net periodic postretirement benefit cost for the years ended December 31 were as follows:
Year ended December 31,
 
2017

 
2016

 
2015

Discount rate
 
5.53
%
 
5.61
%
 
5.27
%
Expected return on plan assets
 
5.50
%
 
5.50
%
 
5.50
%
Expected Future Benefit Payments
As of December 31, 2017, the following benefits are expected to be paid to or from the company’s postretirement plan:
Year ending December 31,
 
Gross
Medicare
Part D
Receipts

 
Gross
Expected
Payments

2018
 
$
0.1

 
$
12.7

2019
 

 
10.5

2020
 

 
10.0

2021
 

 
9.4

2022
 

 
8.8

2023 – 2027
 

 
34.4