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Pension and Postretirement Benefits
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Pension and Postretirement Benefits Pension and Postretirement Benefits
Net periodic pension expense is presented below:
 Three Months Ended
March 31, 2025
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2024
 TotalU.S.
Plans
International
Plans
TotalU.S.
Plans
International
Plans
Service cost(i)
$0.4 $— $0.4 $0.3 $— $0.3 
Interest cost45.6 27.9 17.7 47.9 31.0 16.9 
Expected return on plan assets(47.1)(26.3)(20.8)(56.2)(34.4)(21.8)
Amortization of prior service benefit(1.1)(0.6)(0.5)(1.2)(0.6)(0.6)
Recognized net actuarial loss24.0 18.0 6.0 23.6 18.4 5.2 
Settlement losses(ii)
— — — 132.3 132.3 — 
Net periodic pension expense
$21.8 $19.0 $2.8 $146.7 $146.7 $— 
(i) Service cost is reported in selling, general and administrative expense. All other components of net periodic pension expense are reported in other (expense), net in the consolidated statements of income (loss).
(ii) In March 2024, the company purchased a group annuity contract, with plan assets, for approximately $195 million to transfer projected benefit obligations related to approximately 3,800 retirees of one of the company’s U.S. defined benefit pension plans. This action resulted in a pre-tax settlement loss of $132.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
In 2025, the company expects to make cash contributions of approximately $91 million to its global defined benefit pension plans. In 2024, the company made cash contributions of $21.9 million primarily to its international defined benefit pension plans. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the company made cash contributions of $9.2 million and $6.4 million, respectively, primarily to its international defined benefit pension plans.
At the end of each year, the company estimates its future cash contributions to its global defined benefit pension plans based on year-end pension data, assumptions and agreements. Any material deterioration in the value of the company’s global defined benefit pension plan assets, as well as changes in pension legislation, volatility in the capital markets, discount rate changes, asset return changes, or changes in economic or demographic trends, could require the company to make cash contributions in different amounts and on a different schedule than previously estimated.
Net periodic postretirement benefit expense (income) is presented below:
 Three Months Ended
March 31,
 20252024
Service cost(i)
$— $0.1 
Interest cost0.6 0.6 
Expected return on assets(0.1)— 
Recognized net actuarial gain(0.5)(0.8)
Amortization of prior service benefit0.1 — 
Net periodic postretirement benefit expense (income)
$0.1 $(0.1)
(i) Service cost is reported in selling, general and administrative expense. All other components of net periodic postretirement benefit expense (income) are reported in other (expense), net in the consolidated statements of income (loss).
The company expects to make cash contributions of $3 million to its postretirement benefit plan in 2025. In 2024, the company made cash contributions of $5.2 million to its postretirement benefit plan. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the company made cash contributions of $0.2 million and $1.3 million, respectively.