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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
A reconciliation of income (loss) before income taxes for domestic and foreign locations for the years ended October 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows (in thousands):
 202220212020
United States$1,911 $(1,459)$(23,195)
Foreign(1,562)(2,704)(3,240)
Income (loss) before income taxes$349 $(4,163)$(26,435)
The components of the provisions for income taxes for fiscal years 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows (in thousands):
 202220212020
Current:   
Federal$(178)$37 $5,835 
State(93)40 332 
Foreign(4)— 194 
Total current (provision) benefit(275)77 6,361 
Deferred:
Federal(477)(17)640 
State(127)127 1,177 
Foreign56 79 316 
Total deferred (provision) benefit (548)189 2,133 
Total income tax (provision) benefit $(823)$266 $8,494 
15. Income Taxes (continued)
Deferred income taxes reflect the net of temporary differences between the carrying amount of the assets and liabilities for financial reporting and income tax purposes. The components of deferred income tax assets at October 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows (in thousands):
 20222021
Deferred income tax assets:  
Reserve and other accruals$752 $646 
Net operating losses5,917 6,312 
Right-of-use asset1,672 531 
Minimum pension liability adjustment621 231 
Other assets151 240 
Interest expense limitation— 2 
Stock-based compensation604 493 
Total deferred income tax assets9,717 8,455 
Valuation allowance(1,536)(1,324)
Total net deferred income tax assets8,181 7,131 
Deferred income tax liabilities:
Property taxes(135)(161)
Depreciation(18,343)(18,665)
Amortization(175)(242)
Land and other indefinite life assets(6,592)(6,581)
Investment in joint ventures and other basis adjustments(4,449)(3,510)
Right-of-use asset(1,660)(510)
Prepaids and receivables(298)(260)
Other(26)(55)
Total deferred income tax liabilities(31,678)(29,984)
Net deferred income tax liabilities$(23,497)$(22,853)
Deferred income taxes — noncurrent assets$— $— 
Deferred income taxes — noncurrent liabilities $(23,497)$(22,853)
The Company periodically evaluates the recoverability of the deferred tax assets. The Company recognized deferred tax assets to the extent that it believes that these assets are more likely than not to be realized. In making such a determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax-planning strategies, and results of recent operations. The Company has recorded a valuation allowance of $1,536,000 on the net deferred tax assets of its subsidiaries in Argentina and Chile as of October 31, 2022 as the Company does not believe it is more likely than not that these deferred tax assets will be realized due to the recent history of cumulative pre-tax book losses and lack of objectively verifiable future source of taxable income.
15. Income Taxes (continued)
At October 31, 2022, the Company has recorded a deferred tax asset of $5,917,000 related to its federal, state, and foreign net operating loss carryforwards. The entire federal net operating loss is subject to the 80% taxable income limitation. The net operating losses begin to expire as follows (in thousands):
JurisdictionGross AmountBegin to Expire
Federal14,959 Indefinite
State23,027 10/31/2039
Chile2,874 Indefinite
Holland108 10/31/2025
Argentina1,670 10/31/2025
The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to pretax income as a result of the following differences (in thousands):
 202220212020
 Amount%Amount%Amount%
Provision at statutory rates$(73)(21.0)%$874 (21.0)%$5,551 (21.0)%
State income tax, net of federal benefit(74)(21.1)%224 (5.4)%1,431 (5.4)%
Dividend exclusion— — %— — %27 (0.1)%
Meals and entertainment— — %— — %(18)0.1 %
Shared-based compensation(110)(31.2)%(217)5.2 %— — %
Executive compensation(98)(27.9)%(45)1.1 %— — %
Tax law change— — %57 (1.4)%1,948 (7.4)%
State rate adjustment(59)(16.9)%(78)1.9 %(82)0.3 %
Valuation allowance(357)(101.8)%(831)20.0 %(168)0.6 %
Foreign rate differential74 21.1 %130 (3.1)%— — %
Noncontrolling interest(41)(11.8)%(83)2.0 %(305)1.1 %
Other permanent items(12)(3.5)%235 (5.7)%110 (0.4)%
Tax credit and others(73)(20.7)%— — %— — %
Total income tax (provision) benefit $(823)(234.8)%$266 (6.4)%$8,494 (32.2)%
At October 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had no unrecognized tax benefits. The Company files income tax returns in the U.S., California, Arizona, Chile, Argentina and Holland. The Company is no longer subject to significant U.S., state and Chilean income tax examinations for years prior to the statutory periods of three years for federal, four years for state and three years for Chilean tax jurisdictions. The Company recognizes interest expense and penalties related to income tax matters as a component of income tax expense. There was no accrued interest or penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as of October 31, 2022.