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2022-01-31
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JANUARY 31, 2023
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
| FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO

Commission File Number: 001-34755

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 77-0260692
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1141 Cummings Road, Santa Paula, CA | 93060
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (805) 525-5541
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol | Name of Each Exchange of Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value | LMNR | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (NASDAQ Global Select Market)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:

☐ | Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Emerging growth company
☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No
As of February 28, 2023, there were 17,830,604 shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock.

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 4
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 4
Consolidated Balance Sheets – January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022 | 4
Consolidated Statements of Operations – three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 | 5
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) – three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 | 6
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity and Temporary Equity – three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 | 7
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 | 8
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 10
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 24
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 36
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 36
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION | 37
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 37
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 37
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 37
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 37
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 37
Item 5. | Other Information | 37
Item 6. | Exhibits | 38
SIGNATURES | 40

2

CAUTIONARY NOTE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains both historical and forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond the Company’s control. The potential risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual financial condition, results of operations and future performance to differ materially from those expressed or implied in this quarterly report include:
•success in executing the Company's business plans and strategies and managing the risks involved in the foregoing;
•negative impacts related to the COVID-19 pandemic and our Company's responses to the pandemic;
•changes in laws, regulations, rules, quotas, tariffs, and import laws;
•adverse weather conditions, natural disasters and other adverse natural conditions, including freezes, rains, fires, winds and droughts that affect the production, transportation, storage, import and export of fresh produce;
•market responses to industry volume pressures;
•increased pressure from disease, insects and other pests;
•disruption of water supplies or changes in water allocations;
•disruption in the global supply chain;
•product and raw materials supplies and pricing;
•energy supply and pricing;
•changes in interest rates and the impact of inflation;
•availability of financing for development activities;
•general economic conditions for residential and commercial real estate development;
•political changes and economic crises;
•international conflict;
•acts of terrorism;
•labor disruptions, strikes, shortages or work stoppages;
•the impact of foreign exchange rate movements;
•ability to maintain compliance with covenants under our loan agreements;
•loss of important intellectual property rights; and
•other factors disclosed in our public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC").
These forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties that we have identified as having the potential to cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated herein. We have described in Part I, Item 1A Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022 additional factors that could cause our actual results to differ from our projections or estimates.
The Company’s actual results, performance, prospects or opportunities could differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements. Additional risks of which the Company is not currently aware or which the Company currently deems immaterial could also cause the Company’s actual results to differ, including those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022. Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, even if our situation changes in the future.
All references to “we,” "us," “our,” “our Company,” "the Company" or "Limoneira" in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q mean Limoneira Company, a Delaware corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries.
3

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
LIMONEIRA COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
($ in thousands, except share amounts)

| January 31, 2023 |  | October 31, 2022
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash | $ | 12,464 |  |  | $ | 857 |
Accounts receivable, net | 17,703 |  |  | 15,651 |
Cultural costs | 2,901 |  |  | 8,643 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 5,434 |  |  | 8,496 |
Receivables/other from related parties | 3,392 |  |  | 3,888 |
Total current assets | 41,894 |  |  | 37,535 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 171,682 |  |  | 222,628 |
Real estate development | 9,849 |  |  | 9,706 |
Equity in investments | 73,383 |  |  | 72,855 |
Goodwill | 1,529 |  |  | 1,506 |
Intangible assets, net | 7,424 |  |  | 7,317 |
Other assets | 15,367 |  |  | 16,971 |
Total assets | $ | 321,128 |  |  | $ | 368,518 |
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 9,850 |  |  | $ | 10,663 |
Growers and suppliers payable | 4,240 |  |  | 10,740 |
Accrued liabilities | 11,333 |  |  | 11,060 |
Payables to related parties | 5,226 |  |  | 4,860 |
Income taxes payable | 7,619 |  |  | 219 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 448 |  |  | 1,732 |
Total current liabilities | 38,716 |  |  | 39,274 |
Long-term liabilities: |  |  |
Long-term debt, less current portion | 40,919 |  |  | 104,076 |
Deferred income taxes | 23,523 |  |  | 23,497 |
Other long-term liabilities | 7,101 |  |  | 9,807 |
Total liabilities | 110,259 |  |  | 176,654 |
Commitments and contingencies | — |  |  | — |
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock – $100.00 par value (50,000 shares authorized: 14,790 shares issued and outstanding at January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022) (8.75% coupon rate) | 1,479 |  |  | 1,479 |
Series B-2 Convertible Preferred Stock – $100.00 par value (10,000 shares authorized: 9,300 shares issued and outstanding at January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022) (4% dividend rate on liquidation value of $1,000 per share) | 9,331 |  |  | 9,331 |
Stockholders' Equity: |  |  |
Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock – $0.01 par value (20,000 shares authorized: zero issued or outstanding at January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022) | — |  |  | — |
Common Stock – $0.01 par value (39,000,000 shares authorized: 18,081,581 and 17,935,292 shares issued and 17,830,604 and 17,684,315 shares outstanding at January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, respectively) | 178 |  |  | 177 |
Additional paid-in capital | 166,232 |  |  | 165,169 |
Retained earnings | 29,669 |  |  | 15,500 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (3,961) |  |  | (7,908) |
Treasury stock, at cost, 250,977 shares at January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022 | (3,493) |  |  | (3,493) |
Noncontrolling interest | 11,434 |  |  | 11,609 |
Total stockholders' equity | 200,059 |  |  | 181,054 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 321,128 |  |  | $ | 368,518 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
4

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
($ in thousands, except share amounts)

|  |  | Three Months Ended January 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agribusiness |  |  |  |  | $ | 36,528 |  |  | $ | 38,083 |
Other operations |  |  |  |  | 1,373 |  |  | 1,191 |
Total net revenues |  |  |  |  | 37,901 |  |  | 39,274 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agribusiness |  |  |  |  | 41,241 |  |  | 41,244 |
Other operations |  |  |  |  | 1,238 |  |  | 1,074 |
Gain on disposal of assets, net |  |  |  |  | (39,742) |  |  | (85) |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  |  |  | 9,280 |  |  | 6,599 |
Total costs and expenses |  |  |  |  | 12,017 |  |  | 48,832 |
Operating income (loss) |  |  |  |  | 25,884 |  |  | (9,558) |
Other (expense) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  | 21 |
Interest (expense), net of patronage dividends |  |  |  |  | (1,172) |  |  | 215 |
Equity in earnings of investments, net |  |  |  |  | 253 |  |  | 51 |
Other (expense) income, net |  |  |  |  | (2,612) |  |  | 15 |
Total other (expense) income |  |  |  |  | (3,523) |  |  | 302 |
Income (loss) before income tax (provision) benefit |  |  |  |  | 22,361 |  |  | (9,256) |
Income tax (provision) benefit |  |  |  |  | (6,827) |  |  | 2,650 |
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  | 15,534 |  |  | (6,606) |
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest |  |  |  |  | 97 |  |  | 88 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Limoneira Company |  |  |  |  | 15,631 |  |  | (6,518) |
Preferred dividends |  |  |  |  | (125) |  |  | (125) |
Net income (loss) applicable to common stock |  |  |  |  | $ | 15,506 |  |  | $ | (6,643) |
Basic net income (loss) per common share |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.87 |  |  | $ | (0.38) |
Diluted net income (loss) per common share |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.84 |  |  | $ | (0.38) |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding-basic |  |  |  |  | 17,573,000 |  |  | 17,448,000 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding-diluted |  |  |  |  | 18,378,000 |  |  | 17,448,000 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
5

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)
(In thousands)

|  |  | Three Months Ended January 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  | $ | 15,534 |  |  | $ | (6,606) |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  |  |  | 2,223 |  |  | 55 |
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of tax of $(135) and $27 for the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. |  |  |  |  | (220) |  |  | 72 |
Pension settlement, net of tax of $756 and $0 for the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. |  |  |  |  | 1,944 |  |  | — |
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  |  |  | 3,947 |  |  | 127 |
Comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  | 19,481 |  |  | (6,479) |
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest |  |  |  |  | 97 |  |  | 86 |
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Limoneira Company |  |  |  |  | $ | 19,578 |  |  | $ | (6,393) |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
6

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND TEMPORARY EQUITY
($ in thousands)

| Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  | Temporary Equity
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In |  | Retained |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  | Treasury |  | Non- controlling |  | Total |  | Series B Preferred |  | Series B-2 Preferred
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Capital |  | Earnings |  | (Loss) Income |  | Stock |  | Interest |  | Equity |  | Stock |  | Stock
Balance at October 31, 2022 | 17,684,315 |  |  | $ | 177 |  |  | $ | 165,169 |  |  | $ | 15,500 |  |  | $ | (7,908) |  |  | $ | (3,493) |  |  | $ | 11,609 |  |  | $ | 181,054 |  |  | $ | 1,479 |  |  | $ | 9,331 |
Dividends Common ($0.075 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,337) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,337) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dividends Series B ($2.19 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dividends Series B-2 ($10 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (93) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (93) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Stock compensation | 146,289 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,063 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,064 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Noncontrolling interest adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (78) |  |  | (78) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,631 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (97) |  |  | 15,534 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,947 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,947 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at January 31, 2023 | 17,830,604 |  | $ | 178 |  |  | $ | 166,232 |  |  | $ | 29,669 |  |  | $ | (3,961) |  |  | $ | (3,493) |  |  | $ | 11,434 |  |  | $ | 200,059 |  |  | $ | 1,479 |  |  | $ | 9,331 |

| Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  | Temporary Equity
| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In |  | Retained |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  |  | Treasury |  | Non- controlling |  | Total |  | Series B Preferred |  | Series B-2 Preferred
| Shares |  | Amount |  | Capital |  | Earnings |  | (Loss) Income |  |  |  | Stock |  | Interest |  | Equity |  | Stock |  | Stock
Balance at October 31, 2021 | 17,685,400 |  |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | 163,965 |  |  | $ | 21,552 |  |  | $ | (5,733) |  |  |  |  | $ | (3,493) |  |  | $ | 11,965 |  |  | $ | 188,435 |  |  | $ | 1,479 |  |  | $ | 9,331 |
Dividends Common ($0.075 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,328) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,328) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dividends Series B ($2.19 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dividends Series B-2 $10 per share) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (93) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (93) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Stock compensation | 70,000 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 996 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 997 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Exchange of common stock | (55,362) |  |  | — |  |  | (900) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (900) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,518) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (88) |  |  | (6,606) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 127 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 129 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at January 31, 2022 | 17,700,038 |  | $ | 180 |  |  | $ | 164,061 |  |  | $ | 13,581 |  |  | $ | (5,606) |  |  |  |  | $ | (3,493) |  |  | $ | 11,879 |  |  | $ | 180,602 |  |  | $ | 1,479 |  |  | $ | 9,331 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
7

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(In thousands)

| Three Months Ended January 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Operating activities |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 15,534 |  |  | $ | (6,606) |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 2,447 |  |  | 2,480 |
Gain on disposal of assets, net | (39,742) |  |  | (85) |
Stock compensation expense | 1,064 |  |  | 997 |
Non-cash lease expense | 389 |  |  | 152 |
Equity in earnings of investments, net | (253) |  |  | (51) |
Deferred income taxes | 6,827 |  |  | (2,650) |
Other, net | 171 |  |  | 213 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable and receivables/other from related parties | (1,676) |  |  | (2,188) |
Cultural costs | 1,343 |  |  | 2,654 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 529 |  |  | (1,676) |
Other assets | (10) |  |  | 29 |
Accounts payable and growers and suppliers payable | (7,838) |  |  | (2,666) |
Accrued liabilities and payables to related parties | 455 |  |  | 1,347 |
Other long-term liabilities | (430) |  |  | (112) |
Net cash used in operating activities | (21,190) |  |  | (8,162) |
Investing activities |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (2,151) |  |  | (2,080) |
Net proceeds from sales of assets | 98,888 |  |  | 1,090 |
Net proceeds from sale of real estate development assets | 2,577 |  |  | — |
Cash distribution from Trapani Fresh | 82 |  |  | — |
Collection on notes receivable | — |  |  | 250 |
Equity investment contributions | (275) |  |  | — |
Investments in mutual water companies and water rights | (11) |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 99,110 |  |  | (740) |
Financing activities |  |  |
Borrowings of long-term debt | 57,940 |  |  | 44,439 |
Repayments of long-term debt | (122,692) |  |  | (32,731) |
Principal paid on finance lease and equipment financings | (107) |  |  | (69) |
Dividends paid – common | (1,337) |  |  | (1,328) |
Dividends paid – preferred | (125) |  |  | (125) |
Exchange of common stock | — |  |  | (900) |
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (66,321) |  |  | 9,286 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | 8 |  |  | (7) |
Net increase in cash | 11,607 |  |  | 377 |
Cash at beginning of period | 857 |  |  | 439 |
Cash at end of period | $ | 12,464 |  |  | $ | 816 |

8

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)
(In thousands)

| Three Months Ended January 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for interest (net of amounts capitalized) | $ | 1,006 |  |  | $ | 618 |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
Capital expenditures accrued but not paid at period-end | $ | 818 |  |  | $ | 25 |
Accrued contribution obligation of investment in water company | $ | — |  |  | $ | 450 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.
9

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
1. Organization and Basis of Presentation
Business
Limoneira Company (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the “Company”) engages primarily in growing citrus and avocados, picking and hauling citrus, and packing, marketing and selling citrus. The Company is also engaged in residential rentals and other rental operations and real estate development activities.
The Company markets and sells citrus directly to food service, wholesale and retail customers throughout the United States, Canada, Asia, Europe and other international markets. The Company is a member of Sunkist Growers, Inc. (“Sunkist”), an agricultural marketing cooperative, and sells a portion of its oranges, specialty citrus and other crops to Sunkist-licensed and other third-party packinghouses.
Basis of Presentation and Preparation
The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the accounts of all the subsidiaries and investments in which the Company holds a controlling interest. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. In the opinion of the Company, the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation. The preparation of these unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the annual consolidated financial statements have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Because the consolidated financial statements do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for a complete set of consolidated financial statements, they should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) represents all changes in a company’s net assets, except changes resulting from transactions with stockholders. Other comprehensive income includes foreign currency translation items and defined benefit pension items. Accumulated other comprehensive loss is reported as a component of the Company's stockholders' equity.
The following table summarizes other comprehensive income by component (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended January 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| Pre-tax Amount |  | Tax Benefit (Expense) |  | Net Amount |  | Pre-tax Amount |  | Tax Expense |  | Net Amount
Foreign currency translation adjustments | $ | 2,223 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,223 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 55 |
Minimum pension liability adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications | (355) |  |  | 135 |  |  | (220) |  |  | 99 |  |  | (27) |  |  | 72 |
Amounts reclassified to earnings included in "Other (expense) income, net" | 2,700 |  |  | (756) |  |  | 1,944 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other comprehensive income | $ | 4,568 |  |  | $ | (621) |  |  | $ | 3,947 |  |  | $ | 154 |  |  | $ | (27) |  |  | $ | 127 |

10

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component (in thousands):

| Foreign Currency Translation (Loss) Gain |  | Defined Benefit Pension Plan |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Income)
Balance at October 31, 2022 | $ | (6,184) |  |  | $ | (1,724) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (7,908) |
Other comprehensive income | 2,223 |  |  | 1,724 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,947 |
Balance at January 31, 2023 | $ | (3,961) |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (3,961) |

| Foreign Currency Translation (Loss) Gain |  | Defined Benefit Pension Plan |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Income)
Balance at October 31, 2021 | $ | (3,754) |  |  | $ | (1,979) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (5,733) |
Other comprehensive income | 55 |  |  | 72 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 127 |
Balance at January 31, 2022 | $ | (3,699) |  |  | $ | (1,907) |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (5,606) |

COVID-19 Pandemic
There is continued uncertainty around the breadth and duration of the Company's business disruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The decline in demand for the Company's products beginning the second quarter of fiscal year 2020, has negatively impacted its sales and profitability for the last three years. The COVID-19 pandemic may impact its sales and profitability in future periods. The duration of these trends and the magnitude of such impacts are uncertain and therefore cannot be estimated at this time, as they are influenced by a number of factors, many of which are outside management’s control. The full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Company's results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity, including its ability to comply with debt covenants, for fiscal year 2023 and beyond, is driven by estimates that contain uncertainties.
Concentrations and Geographic Information
Concentrations of credit risk with respect to revenues and accounts receivable are limited due to a large, diverse customer base. One customer represented 13% of revenue for the three months ended January 31, 2023. Two individual customers represented 15% and 12% of revenue, respectively, for the three months ended January 31, 2022. One individual customer represented 11% of accounts receivable, net as of January 31, 2023. No individual customer represented more than 10% of accounts receivable, net as of October 31, 2022.
One individual supplier represented 13% of accounts payable as of January 31, 2023. No individual supplier represented more than 10% of accounts payable as of October 31, 2022.
Lemons procured from third-party growers were 66% and 57% of the Company's lemon supply for the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. One third-party grower was 17% and 20% of the lemon supply for the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
The Company maintains its cash in federally insured financial institutions. The account balances at these institutions periodically exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance coverage and, as a result, there is a concentration of risk related to amounts on deposit in excess of FDIC insurance coverage.
During the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had approximately $252,000 and $208,000, respectively, of total sales in Chile by Fruticola Pan de Azucar S.A. ("PDA") and Agricola San Pablo SpA ("San Pablo") and approximately $74,000 and $147,000, respectively, of total sales in Argentina by Trapani Fresh Consorcio de Cooperacion ("Trapani Fresh").
Aggregate foreign exchange transaction losses realized for our foreign subsidiaries was approximately $58,000 for the three months ended January 31, 2023 and was included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations.
11

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)
3. Asset Sale
In October 2022, the Company entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement, as amended, (the “Agreement”) with PGIM Real Estate Finance, LLC (“PGIM”) to sell 3,537 acres of land and citrus orchards in Tulare County, California (the “Northern Properties”) for a purchase price of approximately $100,405,000. On January 25, 2023, the Board approved the Agreement creating a binding agreement of the Company to sell the Northern Properties and the transaction closed on January 31, 2023. The following is a summary of the transaction (in thousands):

| January 31, 2023
Net cash proceeds received | $ | 85,891 |
Debt directly repaid through the transaction | 12,917 |
Total net proceeds received | 98,808 |
Less: net book value of assets sold |
Cultural costs | 4,405 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 53,144 |
Intangible assets, net | 12 |
Other assets | 1,320 |
Accrued liabilities | (68) |
| 58,813 |
Gain on disposal of assets | $ | 39,995 |

The proceeds were used to pay down all of the Company’s domestic debt except the AgWest Farm Credit $40,000,000 non-revolving line of credit. The Northern Properties component, including an allocation of interest expense related to the debt directly repaid through the transaction, had a pretax loss of $1,667,000 and $2,720,000 for the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
On January 31, 2023, the Company entered into a Farm Management Agreement (“FMA”) with an affiliate of PGIM to provide farming, management and operations services related to the Northern Properties. The FMA has an initial term expiring March 31, 2024, and thereafter continuing from year to year unless earlier terminated under the terms of the FMA. Further, on January 31, 2023, the Company entered into a Grower Packing and Marketing Agreement to provide packing, marketing and selling services for lemons harvested on the Northern Properties for a minimum five-year term, subject to certain benchmarking standards.
4. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):

| January 31, 2023 |  | October 31, 2022
Prepaid supplies and insurance | $ | 3,315 |  |  | $ | 2,958 |
Real estate development held for sale | — |  |  | 2,670 |
Sales tax receivable | 752 |  |  | 475 |
Lemon supplier advances | 1,019 |  |  | 1,188 |
Other | 348 |  |  | 1,205 |
| $ | 5,434 |  |  | $ | 8,496 |

5. Real Estate Development
Real estate development assets are comprised primarily of land and land development costs for the East Area II property in the amount of $9,849,000 and $9,706,000 at January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, respectively.
East Area I, Retained Property and East Area II
In fiscal year 2005, the Company began capitalizing the costs of two real estate development projects east of Santa Paula, California, for the development of 550 acres of land into residential units, commercial buildings and civic facilities. In November 2015 (the “Transaction Date”), the Company entered into a joint venture with The Lewis Group of Companies (“Lewis”) for the residential development of its East Area I real estate development project. To consummate the transaction, the Company formed Limoneira Lewis Community Builders, LLC (“LLCB”) as the development entity, contributed its East Area I property to LLCB and sold a 50% interest to Lewis for $20,000,000.
12

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)
5. Real Estate Development (continued)
East Area I, Retained Property and East Area II (continued)
The Company and LLCB also entered into a Retained Property Development Agreement on the Transaction Date (the "Retained Property Agreement"). Under the terms of the Retained Property Agreement, LLCB transferred certain contributed East Area I property, which is entitled for commercial development, back to the Company (the "Retained Property") and arranged for the design and construction of certain improvements to the Retained Property, subject to certain reimbursements by the Company. The balance in East Area II includes estimated costs incurred by and reimbursable to LLCB of $3,444,000 at January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, which is included in payables to related parties.
In January 2018, LLCB entered into a $45,000,000 unsecured Line of Credit Loan Agreement and Promissory Note (the “Loan”) with Bank of America, N.A. to fund early development activities. Effective as of February 22, 2023, the Loan maturity date was extended to February 22, 2024 and the maximum borrowing amount was reduced to $35,000,000. As of February 1, 2023, the interest rate on the Loan transitioned from the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") to the Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index rate ("BSBY") plus 2.85% and is payable monthly. The Loan contains certain customary default provisions and LLCB may prepay any amounts outstanding under the Loan without penalty. The Loan had an outstanding balance of $9,800,000 as of January 31, 2023.
In February 2018, the Company and certain principals from Lewis guaranteed the obligations under the Loan. The guarantors are jointly and severally liable for all Loan obligations in the event of default by LLCB. The guarantee continues in effect until all of the Loan obligations are fully paid. The $1,080,000 estimated value of the guarantee was recorded in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and is included in other long-term liabilities with a corresponding value in equity in investments. Additionally, a Reimbursement Agreement was executed between the Lewis guarantors and the Company, which provides for unpaid liabilities of LLCB to be shared pro-rata by the Lewis guarantors and the Company in proportion to their percentage interest in LLCB.
In October 2022, the Company entered into a joint venture with Lewis for the development of the Retained Property. The Company formed LLCB II, LLC ("LLCB II") as the development entity, contributed the Retained Property to the joint venture and sold a 50% interest to Lewis for $7,975,000. The Company recorded a deferred gain of $465,000 on the transaction which is included in other long-term liabilities as of January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022. The joint venture partners will share in the capital contributions to fund project costs until loan proceeds and/or revenues are sufficient to fund the project. The Company made contributions of $275,000 to LLCB II during the three months ended January 31, 2023.
Through January 31, 2023, LLCB has closed sales of initial residential lots representing 586 residential units.
Other Real Estate Development Projects
In fiscal year 2020, the Company entered into an agreement to sell its Sevilla property for $2,700,000, which closed in November 2022. After transaction and other costs, the Company received cash proceeds of approximately $2,577,000 and recorded an immaterial loss on disposal of assets during the three months ended January 31, 2023.
6. Equity in Investments
Equity in investments consist of the following (in thousands):

| January 31, 2023 |  | October 31, 2022
Limoneira Lewis Community Builders, LLC | $ | 61,250 |  |  | $ | 61,154 |
LLCB II, LLC | 8,297 |  |  | 8,023 |
Limco Del Mar, Ltd. | 2,176 |  |  | 2,024 |
Rosales | 1,155 |  |  | 1,147 |
Romney Property Partnership | 505 |  |  | 507 |
| $ | 73,383 |  |  | $ | 72,855 |

Net amounts due from Rosales were $430,000 and $270,000 at January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, respectively, and are included in receivables/other from related parties and payables to related parties.
13

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)
6. Equity in Investments (continued)
Unconsolidated Significant Subsidiary
In accordance with Rule 10-01(b)(1) of Regulation S-X, which applies to interim reports on Form 10-Q, the Company must determine if its equity method investees are considered “significant subsidiaries." In evaluating its investments, there are two tests utilized to determine if equity method investees are considered significant subsidiaries: the income test and the investment test. Summarized income statement information of an equity method investee is required in an interim report if either of the two tests exceed 20% in the interim periods presented. During the year-to-date interim periods for the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, this threshold was not met for any of the Company's equity investments.
7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net
A summary of the change in the carrying amount of goodwill is as follows (in thousands):

| Goodwill Carrying Amount
Balance at October 31, 2022 | $ | 1,506 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 23 |
Balance at January 31, 2023 | $ | 1,529 |

Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis or when an event or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying value may not be recoverable. There have been no impairment charges recorded against goodwill as of January 31, 2023.
Intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

| January 31, 2023 |  | October 31, 2022
| Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount |  | Weighted Average Useful Life in Years |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount |  | Weighted Average Useful Life in Years
Trade names and trademarks | $ | 2,108 |  |  | (951) |  |  | 1,157 |  |  | 8 |  | $ | 2,108 |  |  | $ | (881) |  |  | $ | 1,227 |  |  | 8
Customer relationships | 4,037 |  |  | (1,772) |  |  | 2,265 |  |  | 9 |  | 4,037 |  |  | (1,660) |  |  | 2,377 |  |  | 9
Non-competition agreement | 437 |  |  | (91) |  |  | 346 |  |  | 8 |  | 437 |  |  | (76) |  |  | 361 |  |  | 8
Acquired water and mineral rights | 3,656 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,656 |  |  | Indefinite |  | 3,352 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,352 |  |  | Indefinite
| $ | 10,238 |  |  | $ | (2,814) |  |  | $ | 7,424 |  |  |  |  | $ | 9,934 |  |  | $ | (2,617) |  |  | $ | 7,317 |  |  |

Amortization expense totaled $197,000 and $181,000 for the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets as of January 31, 2023 is as follows (in thousands):

2023 (excluding the three months ended January 31, 2023) | $ | 532 |
2024 | 711 |
2025 | 711 |
2026 | 711 |
2027 | 427 |
Thereafter | 676 |
| $ | 3,768 |

14

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)
8. Other Assets
Investments in Mutual Water Companies
The Company’s investments in various not-for-profit mutual water companies provide it with the right to receive a proportionate share of water from each of the not-for-profit mutual water companies that have been invested in and do not constitute voting shares and/or rights. In January 2023, the Company sold an investment in a mutual water company with a net book value of $1,320,000 as part of the Northern Properties sale described in Note 3. As of January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, $5,191,000 and $6,500,000, respectively, were included in other assets.
9. Accrued Liabilities
Accrued liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

| January 31, 2023 |  | October 31, 2022
Compensation | $ | 3,609 |  |  | $ | 3,572 |
Property taxes | 361 |  |  | 664 |
Operating expenses | 3,512 |  |  | 2,341 |
Leases | 2,072 |  |  | 2,026 |
Other | 1,779 |  |  | 2,457 |
| $ | 11,333 |  |  | $ | 11,060 |

10. Long-Term Debt
Long-term debt is comprised of the following (in thousands):

| January 31, 2023 |  | October 31, 2022
AgWest Farm Credit revolving and non-revolving lines of credit: the interest rate of the revolving line of credit is variable based on the one-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), which was 4.33% at January 31, 2023, plus 1.85%. The interest rate for the $40.0 million outstanding balance of the non-revolving line of credit is fixed at 3.57% through July 1, 2025 and variable thereafter. Interest is payable monthly and the principal is due in full on July 1, 2026. | $ | 40,000 |  |  | $ | 88,521 |
AgWest Farm Credit term loan: The interest rate was fixed at 3.24%. The loan was repaid in January 2023. | — |  |  | 919 |
AgWest Farm Credit term loan: The interest rate was fixed at 3.24%. The loan was repaid in January 2023. | — |  |  | 7,562 |
AgWest Farm Credit term loan: The interest rate was fixed at 2.77% until July 1, 2025, becoming variable for the remainder of the loan. The loan was repaid in January 2023. | — |  |  | 5,555 |
AgWest Farm Credit term loan: The interest rate was fixed at 3.19%. The loan was repaid in January 2023. | — |  |  | 2,003 |
Banco de Chile term loan: The interest rate is fixed at 6.48%. The loan is payable in annual installments through January 2025. | 656 |  |  | 675 |
Banco de Chile COVID-19 loans: The interest rates are fixed at 3.48%. The loans are payable in monthly installments through September 2024. | 237 |  |  | 233 |
Banco de Chile COVID-19 loans: The interest rates are fixed at 3.48% and 4.26%. The loans are payable in monthly installments through September 2026. | 474 |  |  | 434 |
Subtotal | 41,367 |  |  | 105,902 |
Less deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization | — |  |  | 94 |
Total long-term debt, net | 41,367 |  |  | 105,808 |
Less current portion | 448 |  |  | 1,732 |
Long-term debt, less current portion | $ | 40,919 |  |  | $ | 104,076 |

15

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)
10. Long-Term Debt (continued)
The Company entered into a Master Loan Agreement (the “MLA”) with AgWest Farm Credit, formerly known as Farm Credit West, (the "Lender") dated June 1, 2021, together with a revolving credit facility supplement (the “Revolving Credit Supplement”), a non-revolving credit facility supplement (the “Non-Revolving Credit Supplement,” and together with the Revolving Credit Supplement, the “Supplements”) and an agreement to convert to a fixed interest rate for a period of time as described in the table above ("Fixed Interest Rate Agreement"). The MLA governs the terms of the Supplements. The MLA amends and restates the previous Master Loan Agreement between the Company and the Lender, dated June 19, 2017 and extends the principal repayment to July 1, 2026.
In March 2020, the Company entered into a revolving equity line of credit promissory note and loan agreement with the Lender for a $15,000,000 Revolving Equity Line of Credit (the "RELOC") secured by a first lien on the Windfall Investors, LLC property. The RELOC matures in 2043 and features a 3-year draw period followed by 20 years of fully amortized loan payments.
The Supplements and RELOC provide aggregate borrowing capacity of $130,000,000 comprised of $75,000,000 under the Revolving Credit Supplement, $40,000,000 under the Non-Revolving Credit Supplement and $15,000,000 under the RELOC. As of January 31, 2023, the Company's outstanding borrowings under the Supplements and RELOC were $40,000,000 and it had $90,000,000 available to borrow.
In January 2023, the Company used the proceeds from the Northern Properties sale as described in Note 3 to reduce the Company's long-term debt.
The interest rate in effect under the Revolving Credit Supplement automatically adjusts on the first day of each month. The interest rate for any amount outstanding under the Revolving Credit Supplement was based on the one-month LIBOR plus or minus an applicable margin. As of January 1, 2023, the rate transitioned from LIBOR to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"). The applicable margin ranges from 1.75% to 2.35% depending on the ratio of current assets, plus the remaining available commitment divided by current liabilities. On each one-year anniversary of July 1, the Company has the option to convert the interest rate in use under the Revolving Credit Supplement from the preceding SOFR-based calculation to a variable interest rate. The Company may prepay any amounts outstanding under the Revolving Credit Supplement without penalty.
The interest rate in effect under the Non-Revolving Credit Supplement is a fixed interest rate of 3.57% per year until July 1, 2025 (the “Fixed Rate Term”). Thereafter, the interest rate will convert to a variable interest rate established by the Lender corresponding to the applicable interest rate group. The Company may not prepay any amounts under the outstanding Non-Revolving Credit Supplement during the Fixed Rate Term. Thereafter, the Company may prepay any amounts outstanding under the Non-Revolving Credit Supplement, provided that a fee equal to 0.50% of the amount prepaid and any other cost or loss suffered by the Lender must be paid with any prepayment.
The interest rate in effect under the RELOC is a variable interest rate established by the Lender corresponding to the applicable interest rate group, which was 6.75% as of January 31, 2023. The interest rate may be adjusted automatically under the provisions of the Lender's variable interest rate plan. The Company may prepay any amounts outstanding under the RELOC without penalty.
All indebtedness under the MLA and RELOC, including any indebtedness under the Supplements, is secured by a first lien on Company-owned stock or participation certificates, Company funds maintained with the Lender, the Lender’s unallocated surplus, and certain of the Company’s agricultural properties in Ventura counties in California and certain of the Company’s building fixtures and improvements and investments in mutual water companies associated with the pledged agricultural properties. The MLA includes customary default provisions that provide should an event of default occur, the Lender, at its option, may declare all or any portion of the indebtedness under the MLA to be immediately due and payable without demand, notice of nonpayment, protest or prior recourse to collateral, and terminate or suspend the Company’s right to draw or request funds on any loan or line of credit.
The MLA subjects the Company to affirmative and restrictive covenants including, among other customary covenants, financial reporting requirements, requirements to maintain and repair any collateral, restrictions on the sale of assets, restrictions on the use of proceeds, prohibitions on the incurrence of additional debt and restrictions on the purchase or sale of major assets of the Company’s business. The Company is also subject to a financial covenant that requires it to maintain compliance with a specific debt service coverage ratio greater than or equal to 1.25:1 when measured at October 31, 2023 and annually thereafter. The Company was in compliance as of October 31, 2022.
16

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)
10. Long-Term Debt (continued)
In February 2023, the Lender declared an annual cash patronage dividend of 1.25% of average eligible loan balances and the Company received $1,413,000 in the second quarter of fiscal year 2023. In December 2021, the Lender declared an annual cash patronage dividend of 1.25% of average eligible loan balances and the Company received $1,582,000 in February 2022.
Interest is capitalized on non-bearing orchards, real estate development projects and significant construction in progress. The Company capitalized interest of $347,000 and zero during the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Capitalized interest is included in property, plant and equipment and real estate development assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
11. Other Long-Term Liabilities
Other long-term liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

| January 31, 2023 |  | October 31, 2022
Minimum pension liability | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,272 |
Loan guarantee | 1,080 |  |  | 1,080 |
Leases | 4,703 |  |  | 5,062 |
Other | 1,318 |  |  | 1,393 |
| $ | 7,101 |  |  | $ | 9,807 |

12. Leases
Lessor Arrangements
The Company enters into leasing transactions in which it rents certain of its assets and the Company is the lessor. These lease contracts are typically classified as operating leases with remaining terms ranging from one month to 20 years, with various renewal terms available. All of the residential rentals have month-to-month lease terms.
The Company’s rental operations revenue consists of the following (in thousands):

|  |  | Three Months Ended January 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Operating lease revenue |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,291 |  |  | $ | 1,118 |
Variable lease revenue |  |  |  |  | 82 |  |  | 73 |
Total lease revenue |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,373 |  |  | $ | 1,191 |

Lessee Arrangements
The Company enters into leasing transactions in which the Company is the lessee. These lease contracts are classified as either operating or finance leases. The Company’s lease contracts are generally for agricultural land and packinghouse facilities and equipment with remaining lease terms ranging from one to 15 years, with various term extensions available. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet and the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term. All lease costs are primarily included in agribusiness costs and expenses in the Company's consolidated statements of operations
Operating lease costs were $491,000 and $123,000 for the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Finance lease costs were immaterial for the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022. Variable and short term lease costs were $145,000 and $162,000, respectively for the three months ended January 31, 2023,and were immaterial for the three months ended January 31, 2022.
17

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)
12. Leases (continued)
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases consists of the following (in thousands):

| Classification |  | January 31, 2023 |  | October 31, 2022
Assets |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease ROU assets | Other assets |  | $ | 5,926 |  |  | $ | 6,190 |
Finance lease assets | Other assets |  | 1,058 |  |  | 1,091 |
|  |  | $ | 6,984 |  |  | $ | 7,281 |
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |
Current operating lease liabilities | Accrued liabilities and payables to related parties |  | $ | 1,939 |  |  | $ | 1,892 |
Current finance lease liabilities | Accrued liabilities |  | 268 |  |  | 268 |
Non-current operating lease liabilities | Other long-term liabilities |  | 4,047 |  |  | 4,347 |
Non-current finance lease liabilities | Other long-term liabilities |  | 656 |  |  | 715 |
|  |  | $ | 6,910 |  |  | $ | 7,222 |

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases consists of the following (in thousands):

|  |  | Three Months Ended January 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash outflows from operating leases |  |  |  |  | $ | 478 |  |  | $ | 189 |
Operating cash outflows from finance leases |  |  |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 12 |
Financing cash outflows from finance leases |  |  |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 69 |
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities |  |  |  |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | 288 |
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,020 |

18

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)
13. Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share
Basic net income (loss) per common share is calculated using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period without consideration of the dilutive effect of conversion of preferred stock. Diluted net income (loss) per common share is calculated using the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period plus the dilutive effect of unvested, restricted stock and conversion of preferred stock. The computations for basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share are as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

|  |  | Three Months Ended January 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Basic net income (loss) per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) applicable to common stock |  |  |  |  | $ | 15,506 |  |  | $ | (6,643) |
Effect of unvested, restricted stock |  |  |  |  | (161) |  |  | (13) |
Numerator: Net income (loss) for basic EPS |  |  |  |  | 15,345 |  |  | (6,656) |
Denominator: Weighted average common shares-basic |  |  |  |  | 17,573 |  |  | 17,448 |
Basic net income (loss) per common share |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.87 |  |  | $ | (0.38) |
Diluted net income (loss) per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) for basic EPS |  |  |  |  | $ | 15,345 |  |  | $ | (6,656) |
Effect of dilutive preferred stock |  |  |  |  | 125 |  |  | — |
Numerator: Net income (loss) for diluted EPS |  |  |  |  | 15,470 |  |  | (6,656) |
Weighted average common shares–basic |  |  |  |  | 17,573 |  |  | 17,448 |
Effect of dilutive preferred stock |  |  |  |  | 805 |  |  | — |
Denominator: Weighted average common shares–diluted |  |  |  |  | 18,378 |  |  | 17,448 |
Diluted net income (loss) per common share |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.84 |  |  | $ | (0.38) |

Diluted net income (loss) per common share is computed using the more dilutive method of either the two-class method or the treasury stock method. Unvested stock-based compensation awards that contain non-forfeitable rights to dividends as participating shares are included in computing earnings per share. The Company’s unvested, restricted stock awards qualify as participating shares. Diluted net income per common share was calculated under the two-class method for the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022.
19

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)
14. Related Party Transactions
The Company has transactions with equity method investments and various related parties summarized in Note 6 - Equity in Investments and in the tables below (in thousands):

|  |  |  | January 31, 2023 |  | October 31, 2022
|  |  |  | Balance Sheet |  | Balance Sheet
Ref |  | Related Party |  | Receivable/Other from Related Parties |  | Other Assets |  | Payables to Related Parties |  | Other Long-Term Liabilities |  | Receivable/Other from Related Parties |  | Other Assets |  | Payables to Related Parties |  | Other Long-Term Liabilities
2 |  |  | Mutual water companies |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 207 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 506 |  |  | $ | 133 |  |  | $ | — |
5 |  |  | Cadiz / Fenner / WAM |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,268 |  |  | $ | 722 |  |  | $ | 1,178 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,288 |  |  | $ | 446 |  |  | $ | 1,198 |
8 |  |  | FGF |  | $ | 2,896 |  |  | $ | 2,858 |  |  | $ | 837 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,965 |  |  | $ | 2,652 |  |  | $ | 837 |  |  | $ | — |
9 |  |  | LLCB |  | $ | 66 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,444 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 66 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,444 |  |  | $ | — |

|  |  |  | Three Months Ended January 31, 2023 |  | Three Months Ended January 31, 2022
|  |  |  | Consolidated Statement of Operations |  |  |  | Consolidated Statement of Operations |  |
Ref |  | Related Party |  | Net Revenue Agribusiness |  | Net Revenue Other Operations |  | Agribusiness Expense and Other |  |  |  | Dividends Paid |  | Net Revenue Agribusiness |  | Net Revenue Other Operations |  | Agribusiness Expense and Other |  |  |  | Dividends Paid
1 |  |  | Employees |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 223 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 211 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | — |
2 |  |  | Mutual water companies |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 372 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 139 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |
3 |  |  | Cooperative association |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 393 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 365 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |
4 |  |  | Calavo |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  |  |  | $ | 126 |
5 |  |  | Cadiz / Fenner / WAM |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,138 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 717 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |
7 |  |  | YMIDD |  | $ | 135 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |
8 |  |  | FGF |  | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |
12 |  |  | Principal owner |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 209 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | — |

(1) Employees - The Company rents certain of its residential housing assets to employees on a month-to-month basis and recorded rental income from employees. There were no material rental payments due from employees at January 31, 2023 or October 31, 2022.
(2) Mutual water companies - The Company has representation on the boards of directors of the mutual water companies in which the Company has investments, as well as other water districts. Refer to Note 8 - Other Assets. The Company recorded capital contributions, purchased water and water delivery services and had water payments due to the mutual water companies and districts.
(3) Cooperative association - The Company has representation on the board of directors of a non-profit cooperative association that provides pest control services for the agricultural industry. The Company purchased services and supplies from and had payments due to the cooperative association.
(4) Calavo - Through January 2022, the Company had representation on the board of directors of Calavo. Calavo owned common stock of the Company and the Company paid dividends on such common stock to Calavo. Additionally, the Company leases office space to Calavo. As of February 2022, Calavo is no longer a related party.
(5) Cadiz / Fenner / WAM - A member of the Company’s board of directors serves as the CEO, President and a member of the board of directors of Cadiz, Inc. In 2013, the Company entered a long-term lease agreement (the “Lease”) with Cadiz Real Estate, LLC (“Cadiz”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Cadiz, Inc., and currently leases 670 acres located in eastern San Bernardino County, California. The annual base rent is equal to the sum of $200 per planted acre and 20% of gross revenues from the sale of harvested lemons (less operating expenses), not to exceed $1,200 per acre per year. In 2016, Cadiz assigned this lease to Fenner Valley Farms, LLC (“Fenner”), a subsidiary of Water Asset Management, LLC (“WAM”). An affiliate of WAM is the holder of 9,300 shares of the Company's Series B-2 convertible preferred stock. Upon the adoption of ASC 842, the Company recorded a right-of-use, or ROU, asset and corresponding lease liability.
(7) Yuma Mesa Irrigation and Drainage District (“YMIDD”) - The Company has representation on the board of directors of YMIDD. The Company purchased water from YMIDD and had immaterial amounts payable to them for such purchases. Additionally, the Company received fallowing revenue from YMIDD.
20

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)
14. Related Party Transactions (continued)
(8) FGF - The Company advances funds to FGF for fruit purchases, which are recorded as an asset until the sales occur and the remaining proceeds become due to FGF. The Company has a receivable from FGF for lemon sales and the sale of packing supplies and a payable due to FGF for fruit purchases and services. The Company records revenue related to the licensing of intangible assets to FGF. The Company leases the Santa Clara ranch to FGF and records rental revenue related to the leased land.
(9) LLCB - Refer to Note 5 - Real Estate Development.
(12) Principal owner - The Company has one principal owner with ownership shares over 10% and paid dividends to such owner.
15. Income Taxes
The effective tax rate for the three months ended January 31, 2023 was higher than the federal statutory tax rate of 21% mainly due to foreign jurisdictions that are taxed at different rates, state taxes, tax impact of stock-based compensation, and nondeductible tax items. The Company has no material uncertain tax positions as of January 31, 2023. The Company recognizes interest expense and penalties related to income tax matters as a component of income tax expense. There was no accrued interest or penalties associated with uncertain tax positions as of January 31, 2023.
16. Retirement Plans
The Limoneira Company Retirement Plan (the “Plan”) is a noncontributory, defined benefit, single employer pension plan, which provides retirement benefits for all eligible employees. Benefits paid by the Plan are calculated based on years of service, highest five-year average earnings, primary Social Security benefit and retirement age. Effective June 2004, the Company froze the Plan and no additional benefits accrued to participants subsequent to that date. The Plan is administered by Principal Bank and Mercer Human Resource Consulting. In fiscal year 2021, the Company terminated the Plan effective December 31, 2021.
During the three months ended January 31, 2023, the Company made funding contributions of $2,550,000 to fully fund and settle the plan obligations. Lump sum payments were made to a portion of the active and vested terminated participants and annuities were purchased for all remaining participants from an insurance company. There are no remaining benefit obligations or plan assets and the remaining accumulated other comprehensive loss was fully recognized.
The Plan was funded consistent with the funding requirements of federal law and regulations. There were no funding contributions during the three months ended January 31, 2022. Plan assets were invested in a group trust consisting primarily of pooled funds, mutual funds, cash and cash equivalents.
The components of net periodic pension cost for the Plan for the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

|  |  | Three Months Ended January 31, |  |
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  |
Administrative expenses |  |  |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 180 |  |  |  |  |
Interest cost |  |  |  |  | 34 |  |  | 130 |  |  |  |  |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  |  |  | (17) |  |  | (127) |  |  |  |  |
Prior service cost |  |  |  |  | 4 |  |  | 11 |  |  |  |  |
Recognized actuarial loss |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 99 |  |  |  |  |
Settlement loss recognized |  |  |  |  | 2,700 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Net periodic benefit cost |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,741 |  |  | $ | 293 |  |  |  |  |

21

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)
17. Commitments and Contingencies
The Company is from time to time involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. At this time, the Company is not aware of any pending or threatened litigation against it that it expects will have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, liquidity, or operating results. Legal claims are inherently uncertain, however, and it is possible that the Company’s business, financial condition, liquidity and/or operating results could be adversely affected in the future by legal proceedings.
The Company is party to a lawsuit, initiated on March 27, 2018, against Southern California Edison in Superior Court of the State of California, County of Los Angeles whereby the Company is claiming unspecified damages, attorneys' fees and other costs, as a result of the Thomas Fire in fiscal year 2018. While the outcome of this lawsuit is uncertain, the Company believes its claim for damages is valid.
18. Stock-based Compensation
The Company has a stock-based compensation plan (the"Stock Plan") that allows for the grant of restricted stock of the Company to members of management, key executives and non-employee directors. The fair value of such awards is based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant and all are classified as equity awards.
Performance Awards
Certain restricted stock grants are made to management each December under the Stock Plan based on the achievement of certain annual financial performance and other criteria achieved during the previous fiscal year (“Performance Awards”). The Performance Awards are based on a percentage of the employee’s base salary divided by the stock price on the grant date once the performance criteria have been met, and generally vest over a two-year period as service is provided. During December 2022, 79,972 shares of restricted stock with a per share price of $13.19 were granted to management under the Stock Plan for fiscal year 2022 performance, resulting in total compensation expense of approximately $1,055,000, with $365,000 recognized in the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022 and the balance to be recognized over the next two years as the shares vest.
Executive Awards
Certain restricted stock grants are made to key executives under the Stock Plan (“Executive Awards”). Executive Awards generally vest over a three-year period as service is provided. During December 2022, the Company granted 55,000 shares of restricted stock with a per share price of $13.19 to key executives under the Stock Plan. The related compensation expense of approximately $725,000 will be recognized equally over the next three years as the shares vest.
In fiscal year 2022, the Company entered into Retention Bonus Agreements with key executives (collectively, the “Retention Bonus Agreements”) whereby the executives will be eligible to receive cash and restricted stock grants. During December 2022, the Company granted 11,317 shares of common stock with a per share price of $13.19 to key executives related to the Retention Bonus Agreements. The related compensation expense of approximately $149,000 had $122,000 recognized in the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022 and the balance will be recognized over the next year as the shares vest.
Director Awards
The Company issues shares of restricted stock to non-employee directors under the Stock Plan on an annual basis that generally vest over a one-year period (“Director Awards”).
Exchange of Common Stock
During the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, members of management exchanged zero and 55,362 shares of common stock with fair values totaling zero and $900,000, respectively, at the dates of the exchanges, for the payment of payroll taxes associated with the vesting of shares under the Stock Plan.
22

LIMONEIRA COMPANY
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) (CONTINUED)
19. Segment Information
The Company operates in four reportable operating segments: fresh lemons, lemon packing, avocados and other agribusiness. The reportable operating segments of the Company are strategic business units with different products and services, distribution processes and customer bases. The fresh lemons segment includes sales, farming and harvest costs and third-party grower and supplier costs relative to fresh lemons. The lemon packing segment includes packing revenues and shipping and handling revenues relative to lemon packing. The lemon packing segment expenses are comprised of lemon packing costs. The lemon packing segment revenues include intersegment revenues between fresh lemons and lemon packing. The intersegment revenues are included gross in the segment note and a separate line item is shown as an elimination. The avocados segment includes sales, farming and harvest costs. The other agribusiness segment includes sales, farming and harvest costs and brokered fruit costs of oranges, specialty citrus and other crops.
Revenues related to rental operations are included in “Corporate and Other.” Other agribusiness revenues consisted of oranges of $1,152,000 and specialty citrus and other crops of $1,247,000 for the three months ended January 31, 2023. Other agribusiness revenues consisted of oranges of $873,000 and specialty citrus and other crops of $876,000 for the three months ended January 31, 2022.
The Company does not separately allocate depreciation and amortization to its fresh lemons, lemon packing, avocados and other agribusiness segments. No asset information is provided for reportable operating segments, as these specified amounts are not included in the measure of segment profit or loss reviewed by the Company’s chief operating decision maker. The Company measures operating performance, including revenues and operating income, of its operating segments and allocates resources based on its evaluation. The Company does not allocate selling, general and administrative expense, gain on disposal of assets, total other income (expense) and income taxes, or specifically identify them to its operating segments. The Company earns packing revenue for packing lemons grown on its orchards and lemons procured from third-party growers. Intersegment revenues represent packing revenues related to lemons grown on the Company’s orchards.
Segment information for the three months ended January 31, 2023 (in thousands):

| Fresh Lemons | Lemon Packing | Eliminations | Avocados | Other Agribusiness | Total Agribusiness | Corporate and Other | Total
Revenues from external customers | $ | 28,481 |  | $ | 5,648 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 2,399 |  | $ | 36,528 |  | $ | 1,373 |  | $ | 37,901 |
Intersegment revenue | — |  | 7,363 |  | (7,363) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Total net revenues | 28,481 |  | 13,011 |  | (7,363) |  | — |  | 2,399 |  | 36,528 |  | 1,373 |  | 37,901 |
Costs and expenses (gain) | 33,300 |  | 11,353 |  | (7,363) |  | — |  | 1,816 |  | 39,106 |  | (29,536) |  | 9,570 |
Depreciation and amortization | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,135 |  | 312 |  | 2,447 |
Operating income (loss) | $ | (4,819) |  | $ | 1,658 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 583 |  | $ | (4,713) |  | $ | 30,597 |  | $ | 25,884 |

Segment information for the three months ended January 31, 2022 (in thousands):

| Fresh Lemons | Lemon Packing | Eliminations | Avocados | Other Agribusiness | Total Agribusiness | Corporate and Other | Total
Revenues from external customers | $ | 29,600 |  | $ | 5,968 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 766 |  | $ | 1,749 |  | $ | 38,083 |  | $ | 1,191 |  | $ | 39,274 |
Intersegment revenue | — |  | 6,589 |  | (6,589) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Total net revenues | 29,600 |  | 12,557 |  | (6,589) |  | 766 |  | 1,749 |  | 38,083 |  | 1,191 |  | 39,274 |
Costs and expenses | 32,161 |  | 10,556 |  | (6,589) |  | 321 |  | 2,610 |  | 39,059 |  | 7,293 |  | 46,352 |
Depreciation and amortization | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,185 |  | 295 |  | 2,480 |
Operating (loss) income | $ | (2,561) |  | $ | 2,001 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 445 |  | $ | (861) |  | $ | (3,161) |  | $ | (6,397) |  | $ | (9,558) |

20. Subsequent Events
The Company evaluated events subsequent to January 31, 2023 through the date of this filing, to assess the need for potential recognition or disclosure in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based upon this evaluation, except as described in the notes to the interim consolidated financial statements, it was determined that no other subsequent events occurred that require recognition or disclosure in the unaudited consolidated financial statements.
23

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Overview
Limoneira Company, a Delaware corporation, is the successor to several businesses with operations in California since 1893. We are primarily an agribusiness company founded and based in Santa Paula, California, committed to responsibly using and managing our approximately 11,800 acres of land, water resources and other assets to maximize long-term stockholder value. Our current operations consist of fruit production, sales and marketing, rental operations, real estate and capital investment activities.
We are one of California’s oldest citrus growers. According to Sunkist Growers, Inc. (“Sunkist”), we are one of the largest growers of lemons in the United States and, according to the California Avocado Commission, one of the largest growers of avocados in the United States. In addition to growing lemons and avocados, we grow oranges and other crops. We have agricultural plantings throughout Ventura, San Luis Obispo and San Bernardino Counties in California, Yuma County in Arizona, La Serena, Chile and Jujuy, Argentina, which collectively consist of approximately 4,600 acres of lemons, 900 acres of avocados, 100 acres of oranges and 300 acres of other crops. We also operate our own packinghouses in Santa Paula, California and Yuma, Arizona, where we process, pack and sell lemons that we grow, as well as lemons grown by others. We have a 47% interest in Rosales S.A. (“Rosales”), a citrus packing, marketing and sales business, a 90% interest in Fruticola Pan de Azucar S.A. (“PDA”), a lemon and orange orchard and a 100% interest in Agricola San Pablo, SpA ("San Pablo"), a lemon and orange orchard, all of which are located near La Serena, Chile. We have a 51% interest in a joint venture, Trapani Fresh Consorcio de Cooperacion ("Trapani Fresh"), a lemon orchard in Argentina.
Our water resources include water rights, usage rights and pumping rights to the water in aquifers under, and canals that run through, the land we own. Water for our farming operations is sourced from the existing water resources associated with our land, which includes rights to water in the adjudicated Santa Paula Basin (aquifer) and the un-adjudicated Fillmore and Paso Robles Basins (aquifers). We also use ground water from the Cadiz Valley Basin in California's San Bernardino County and surface water in Arizona from the Colorado River through the Yuma Mesa Irrigation and Drainage District (“YMIDD”). We use ground water provided by wells and surface water for our PDA and San Pablo farming operations in Chile and our Trapani Fresh farming operations in Argentina.
For more than 100 years, we have been making strategic investments in California agriculture and real estate. We currently have an interest in three real estate development projects in California. These projects include multi-family housing and single-family homes of approximately 900 units in various stages of planning and development.
Business Division Summary
We have three business divisions: agribusiness, rental operations and real estate development. The agribusiness division is comprised of four reportable operating segments: fresh lemons, lemon packing, avocados and other agribusiness, which includes oranges, specialty citrus and other crops. The agribusiness division includes our core operations of farming, harvesting, lemon packing and lemon sales operations. The rental operations division includes our residential and commercial rentals, leased land operations and organic recycling. The real estate development division includes our investments in real estate development projects. Financial information and discussion of our four reportable segments are contained in the notes to the accompanying consolidated financial statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Agribusiness Summary
We market and sell citrus directly to our food service, wholesale and retail customers throughout the United States, Canada, Asia, Australia, Europe and certain other international markets. We sell the majority of our avocados, oranges and specialty citrus to third-party packinghouses. Additionally, we sold our pistachios to a roaster, packager and marketer of nuts, and sell our wine grapes to various wine producers.
Historically, our agribusiness division has been seasonal in nature with quarterly revenue fluctuating depending on the timing and variety of crops being harvested. Cultural costs in our agribusiness division tend to be higher in the first and second quarters and lower in the third and fourth quarters because of the timing of expensing cultural costs in the current year that were inventoried in the prior year. Our harvest costs generally increase in the second quarter and peak in the third quarter, coinciding with the increasing production and revenue.
24

Fluctuations in price are a function of global supply and demand with weather conditions, such as unusually low temperatures, typically having the most dramatic effect on the amount of lemons supplied in any individual growing season. We believe we have a competitive advantage by maintaining our own lemon packing operations, even though a significant portion of the costs related to these operations are fixed. As a result, cost per carton is a function of fruit throughput. While we regularly monitor our costs for redundancies and opportunities for cost reductions, we also supplement the number of lemons we pack in our packinghouse with additional lemons procured from other growers. Because the fresh utilization rate for our lemons, or percentage of lemons we harvest and pack that are sold to the fresh market, is directly related to the quality of lemons we pack and, consequently, the price we receive per 40-pound box, we only pack lemons from other growers if we determine their lemons are of good quality.
Our avocado producing business is important to us, yet it faces constraints on growth. We are currently assessing all of our farmland in Ventura County for opportunities to expand our plantings of avocados. While avocado production is cyclical as avocados typically bear fruit on a bi-annual basis, the profitability and cash flow realized from our avocados helps to diversify our fruit production base.
In addition to growing lemons and avocados, we grow oranges and other crops typically utilizing land not suitable for growing high quality lemons. We regularly monitor the demand for the fruit we grow in the current marketplace to identify trends.
Rental Operations Summary
Our rental operations include our residential and commercial rentals, leased land operations and organic recycling. Our residential rental units generate reliable cash flows that we use to partially fund the operating costs of our business and provide affordable housing to many of our employees, including our agribusiness employees. This unique employment benefit helps us maintain a dependable, long-term employee base. In addition, our leased land business provides us with a typically profitable diversification. Revenue from rental operations is generally level throughout the year.
Real Estate Development Summary
We invest in real estate investment projects and recognize that long-term strategies are required for successful real estate development activities. Our goal is to redeploy real estate earnings and cash flow into the expansion of our agribusiness and other income producing real estate. For real estate development projects and joint ventures, it is not unusual for the timing and amounts of revenues and costs, partner contributions and distributions, project loans, other financing assumptions and project cash flows to be impacted by government approvals, project revenue and cost estimates and assumptions, economic conditions, financing sources and product demand as well as other factors. Such factors could affect our results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.
Water and Mineral Rights
Our water resources include water rights, usage rights and pumping rights to the water in aquifers under, and canals that run through, the land we own. We believe we have adequate supplies of water for our agribusiness segments as well as our rental and real estate development activities. Water for our farming operations located in Ventura County, California is sourced from the existing water resources associated with our land, which includes approximately 8,600 acre-feet of adjudicated water rights in the Santa Paula Basin (aquifer) and the un-adjudicated Fillmore Basin (acquifer). We use ground water provided by wells that derive water from the Cadiz Valley Basin at the Cadiz Ranch in San Bernardino County, California. Our Windfall Farms property located in San Luis Obispo County, California obtains water from wells that derive water from the Paso Robles Basin (aquifer). Our Associated farming operations in Yuma, Arizona source water from the Colorado River through the YMIDD, where we have access to approximately 11,700 acre feet of Class 3 Colorado River water rights. We use ground water provided by wells and surface water for our PDA and San Pablo farming operations in La Serena, Chile and our Trapani Fresh farming operations in Argentina.
California experienced above average precipitation during the first five months of the 2022 - 2023 rainfall season after experiencing below average precipitation the past three rainfall seasons. The series of nine storms in December 2022 and January 2023 helped to alleviate the drought conditions in California. Currently, the state is free from extreme drought conditions. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, San Bernardino County was experiencing severe drought conditions and Ventura County was experiencing normal conditions as of February 28, 2023. We continue to assess the impact drought conditions may have on our California orchards.
25

In August 2021, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation declared a Level 1 Shortage Condition at Lake Mead in the Lower Colorado River Basin for the first time ever, requiring shortage reductions and water savings contributions for states in the southwest. In January 2022, Arizona experienced water releases from Lake Mead reduced by approximately 18% of the state’s annual apportionment. In August 2022, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation announced Lake Mead to operate in a Tier 2 shortage, which increases water restrictions for states in the southwest. In January 2023, Arizona forfeited approximately 21% of the state's yearly allotment of water from Lake Mead. In response, we entered into a fallowing agreement in fiscal year 2022 and are assessing the impact these additional reductions may have on our Arizona orchards.
Recent Developments
On October 10, 2022, we entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement, as amended (the “Agreement”), with PGIM Real Estate Finance, LLC (“PGIM”) to sell 3,537 acres of land and citrus orchards in Tulare County, California (the “Northern Properties”) for a purchase price of approximately $100.4 million. On January 25, 2023, the Board of Directors approved the Agreement, binding us to sell the Northern Properties and the transaction closed on January 31, 2023. We received net cash proceeds of approximately $98.8 million and recorded a gain of approximately $40.0 million. The proceeds were used primarily to pay down debt.
On January 31, 2023, we entered into a Farm Management Agreement (the “FMA”) with an affiliate of PGIM to provide farming, management and operations services related to the Northern Properties. The FMA has an initial term expiring March 31, 2024, and thereafter continuing from year to year unless earlier terminated under the terms of the FMA. Further, on January 31, 2023, we entered into a Grower Packing and Marketing Agreement to provide packing, marketing and selling services for lemons harvested on the Northern Properties for a minimum five-year term, subject to certain benchmarking standards.
During the three months ended January 31, 2023, the Company made funding contributions of $2.6 million to fully fund and settle the plan obligations of the Limoneira Company Retirement Plan. Lump sum payments were made to a portion of the active and vested terminated participants and annuities were purchased for all remaining participants from an insurance company. There are no remaining benefit obligations or plan assets and the remaining accumulated other comprehensive loss was fully recognized.
On November 30, 2022, we sold our Sevilla property and received net proceeds of $2.6 million and recorded an immaterial loss in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023.
On December 20, 2022, we declared a cash dividend of $0.075 per common share paid on January 13, 2023, in the aggregate amount of $1.3 million to stockholders of record as of January 3, 2023.
COVID-19 Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic has had an adverse impact on the industries and markets in which we conduct business. In particular, the United States lemon market saw a significant decline in volume, with lemon demand falling since widespread shelter in place orders were issued in March 2020, resulting in a significant market oversupply. The export market for fresh produce also significantly declined due to the COVID-19 pandemic impacts. As of January 31, 2023, the demand within both markets is recovering but has not yet returned to pre-pandemic levels.
The decline in demand for the Company's products beginning the second quarter of fiscal year 2020, has negatively impacted our sales and profitability for the last three years. The COVID-19 pandemic may impact our sales and profitability in future periods. The duration of these trends and the magnitude of such impacts are uncertain and therefore cannot be estimated at this time, as they are influenced by a number of factors, many of which are outside management’s control, including, but not limited, to those presented in Item 1A. Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2022. Notwithstanding the adverse impacts and subject to unforeseen changes that may arise as the COVID-19 pandemic continues, we currently expect improvement in fiscal year 2023 compared to fiscal year 2022.
Given the economic uncertainty as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic over the past three years, we have taken actions to improve our current liquidity position, including strategically selling certain assets, temporarily postponing capital expenditures and substantially reducing discretionary spending.
There is continued uncertainty around the breadth and duration of our business disruptions related to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as its impact on the U.S. economy and the ongoing business operations of our customers. The ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our results of operations, financial condition, or liquidity for fiscal year 2023 and beyond cannot be estimated at this time. The following discussions are subject to the future effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our ongoing business operations.
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Results of Operations
The following table shows the results of operations (in thousands):

|  |  | Three Months Ended January 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agribusiness |  |  |  |  | $ | 36,528 |  |  | $ | 38,083 |
Other operations |  |  |  |  | 1,373 |  |  | 1,191 |
Total net revenues |  |  |  |  | 37,901 |  |  | 39,274 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agribusiness |  |  |  |  | 41,241 |  |  | 41,244 |
Other operations |  |  |  |  | 1,238 |  |  | 1,074 |
Gain on disposal of assets, net |  |  |  |  | (39,742) |  |  | (85) |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  |  |  | 9,280 |  |  | 6,599 |
Total costs and expenses |  |  |  |  | 12,017 |  |  | 48,832 |
Operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agribusiness |  |  |  |  | (4,713) |  |  | (3,161) |
Other operations |  |  |  |  | 135 |  |  | 117 |
Gain on disposal of assets, net |  |  |  |  | 39,742 |  |  | 85 |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  |  |  | (9,280) |  |  | (6,599) |
Operating income (loss) |  |  |  |  | 25,884 |  |  | (9,558) |
Other (expense) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  | 21 |
Interest (expense), net of patronage dividends |  |  |  |  | (1,172) |  |  | 215 |
Equity in earnings of investments, net |  |  |  |  | 253 |  |  | 51 |
Other (expense) income, net |  |  |  |  | (2,612) |  |  | 15 |
Total other (expense) income |  |  |  |  | (3,523) |  |  | 302 |
Income (loss) before income tax (provision) benefit |  |  |  |  | 22,361 |  |  | (9,256) |
Income tax (provision) benefit |  |  |  |  | (6,827) |  |  | 2,650 |
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  | 15,534 |  |  | (6,606) |
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest |  |  |  |  | 97 |  |  | 88 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Limoneira Company |  |  |  |  | $ | 15,631 |  |  | $ | (6,518) |

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Due to significant depreciable assets associated with the nature of our operations and interest costs associated with our capital structure, management believes that earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) and adjusted EBITDA, which excludes stock-based compensation, named executive officer cash severance, pension settlement cost, gain on disposal of assets, net and cash bonus related to the sale of assets are important measures to evaluate our results of operations between periods on a more comparable basis. Adjusted EBITDA in previous periods did not exclude stock-based compensation which has now been excluded as management believes this is a better representation of cash generated by operations and is consistent with peer company reporting. Adjusted EBITDA for prior periods has been restated to conform to the current presentation. Such measurements are not prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and should not be construed as an alternative to reported results determined in accordance with GAAP. The non-GAAP information provided is unique to us and may not be consistent with methodologies used by other companies.
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EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are summarized and reconciled to net income (loss) attributable to Limoneira Company which management considers to be the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP as follows (in thousands):

|  |  | Three Months Ended January 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net income (loss) attributable to Limoneira Company |  |  |  |  | $ | 15,631 |  |  | $ | (6,518) |
Interest income |  |  |  |  | (8) |  |  | (21) |
Interest (expense), net of patronage dividends |  |  |  |  | 1,172 |  |  | (215) |
Income tax provision (benefit) |  |  |  |  | 6,827 |  |  | (2,650) |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  | 2,447 |  |  | 2,480 |
EBITDA |  |  |  |  | $ | 26,069 |  |  | $ | (6,924) |
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  | 1,064 |  |  | 997 |
Named executive officer cash severance |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 432 |
Pension settlement cost |  |  |  |  | 2,741 |  |  | — |
Gain on disposal of assets, net |  |  |  |  | (39,742) |  |  | (85) |
Cash bonus related to sale of assets |  |  |  |  | 2,000 |  |  | — |
Adjusted EBITDA |  |  |  |  | $ | (7,868) |  |  | $ | (5,580) |

Three Months Ended January 31, 2023 Compared to the Three Months Ended January 31, 2022
Revenues
Total net revenues for the three months ended January 31, 2023 were $37.9 million, compared to $39.3 million for the three months ended January 31, 2022. The 3% decrease of $1.4 million was primarily the result of decreased lemon and avocado agribusiness revenues, as detailed below ($ in thousands):

| Agribusiness Revenues for the Three Months Ended January 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
Lemons | $ | 34,129 |  |  | $ | 35,568 |  |  | $ | (1,439) |  | (4)%
Avocados | — |  |  | 766 |  |  | (766) |  | (100)%
Oranges | 1,152 |  |  | 873 |  |  | 279 |  | 32%
Specialty citrus and other crops | 1,247 |  |  | 876 |  |  | 371 |  | 42%
Agribusiness revenues | $ | 36,528 |  |  | $ | 38,083 |  |  | $ | (1,555) |  | (4)%

•Lemons: The decrease in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 was primarily the result of decreased brokered fruit and decreased shipping and handling compared to the same period of fiscal year 2022. During the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, fresh lemon sales were $24.7 million and $24.7 million, in aggregate, on 1,308,000 and 1,207,000 cartons of lemons sold at average per carton prices of $18.88 and $20.48, respectively. Lemon revenues in the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022 included shipping and handling of $5.6 million and $6.0 million, brokered fruit and other lemon sales of $2.5 million and $3.9 million, and lemon by-product sales of $1.2 million and $1.0 million, respectively.
•Avocados: Due to harvest timing, no sales were recorded in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 compared to sales of 365,000 pounds of avocados at an average per pound price of $2.10 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022.
•Oranges: The increase in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 was primarily the result of increased volume and higher prices of oranges sold, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2022. In the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, we sold 64,000 and 53,000 40-pound carton equivalents of oranges at an average per carton price of $18.00 and $16.47, respectively.
•Specialty citrus and other crops: The increase in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 was primarily the result of increased volume and higher prices of specialty citrus sold, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2022. During the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, we sold 54,000 and 51,000 40-pound carton equivalents of specialty citrus at an average per carton price of $23.09 and $14.63, respectively.
Other operations revenue in the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022 was $1.4 million and $1.2 million, respectively.
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Costs and Expenses
Our total costs and expenses in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 were $12.0 million, compared to $48.8 million in the same period of fiscal year 2022. The 75% decrease of $36.8 million was primarily the result of increased gain on disposal of assets, net primarily related to the Northern Properties sale. Costs and expenses associated with our agribusiness division include packing costs, harvest costs, growing costs, costs related to the fruit we procure and sell for third-party growers and suppliers and depreciation and amortization expense, as detailed below ($ in thousands):

| Agribusiness Costs and Expenses for the Three Months Ended January 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Change
Packing costs | $ | 12,339 |  |  | $ | 11,280 |  |  | $ | 1,059 |  | 9%
Harvest costs | 4,078 |  |  | 5,246 |  |  | (1,168) |  | (22)%
Growing costs | 7,671 |  |  | 8,278 |  |  | (607) |  | (7)%
Third-party grower and supplier costs | 15,018 |  |  | 14,255 |  |  | 763 |  | 5%
Depreciation and amortization | 2,135 |  |  | 2,185 |  |  | (50) |  | (2)%
Agribusiness costs and expenses | $ | 41,241 |  |  | $ | 41,244 |  |  | $ | (3) |  | —%

•Packing costs: Packing costs consist primarily of the costs to pack lemons for sale such as labor and benefits, cardboard cartons, fruit treatments, packing and shipping supplies and facility operating costs. In the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, lemon packing costs were $11.4 million and $10.6 million, respectively. During the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, we packed and sold 1,308,000 and 1,207,000 cartons of lemons at average per carton costs of $8.68 and $8.74, respectively. Additionally, in the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, packing costs included $1.0 million and $0.7 million of shipping costs, respectively.
•Harvest costs: The decrease in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 was primarily the result of decreased volume of lemons and avocados harvested compared to the same period in fiscal year 2022.
•Growing costs: Growing costs, also referred to as cultural costs, consist of orchard maintenance costs such as cultivation, fertilization and soil amendments, pest control, pruning and irrigation. The decrease in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 was primarily the result of farm management decisions based on weather, harvest timing and crop conditions.
•Third-party grower and supplier costs: We sell fruit that we grow and fruit that we procure from other growers and suppliers. The cost of procuring fruit from other growers is referred to as third-party grower and supplier costs. The increase in the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 was primarily the result of increased volume, partially offset by decreased prices of third-party grower fruit sold, compared to the same period of fiscal year 2022. Of the 1,308,000 and 1,207,000 cartons of lemons packed and sold during the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, 866,000 (66%) and 693,000 (57%), respectively, were procured from third-party growers at average per carton prices of $13.60 and $16.28. Additionally, in the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, we incurred $3.2 million and $3.0 million, respectively, of costs for purchased, packed fruit for resale.
•Depreciation and amortization: Depreciation and amortization expense for the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022 was $2.1 million and $2.2 million, respectively.
Other operations expenses were $1.2 million and $1.1 million in the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Gain on disposal of assets, net was $39.7 million and $0.1 million in the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively. The change is primarily related to sale of our Northern Properties in fiscal year 2023.
Selling, general and administrative costs and expenses were $9.3 million and $6.6 million in the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively. The 41% increase of $2.7 million was primarily the result of:
•$2.0 million net increase in salaries, benefits and incentive compensation;
•$0.1 million increase in selling expenses; and
•$0.6 million net increase in other selling, general and administrative expenses, primarily associated with our strategic initiatives.
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Other (Expense) Income
Other (expense) income was $(3.5) million and $0.3 million in the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively. The change of $3.8 million in other expense was primarily the result of:
•$1.4 million increase of interest expense, net as a result of a $1.6 million patronage dividend recorded in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, compared to zero in fiscal year 2023;
•$2.6 million increase of other expense, net; primarily as a result of pension settlement costs; and
•$0.2 million increase of equity in earnings of investments.
Income Taxes
We recorded an estimated income tax (provision) benefit of $(6.8) million and $2.7 million in the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022 on pre-tax income (loss) of $22.4 million and $(9.3) million, respectively. The tax provision recorded for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 differs from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21.0% due primarily to foreign jurisdictions which are taxed at different rates, state taxes, tax impact of stock-based compensation, and nondeductible tax items. Our projected annual effective blended tax rate for fiscal year 2023, excluding discrete items, is approximately 27.4%.
Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interest
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest represents 10% and 49% of the net losses of PDA and Trapani Fresh, respectively.
Segment Results of Operations
We operate in four reportable operating segments: fresh lemons, lemon packing, avocados and other agribusiness. Our reportable operating segments are strategic business units with different products and services, distribution processes and customer bases. We evaluate the performance of our operating segments separately to monitor the different factors affecting financial results. Each segment is subject to review and evaluations related to current market conditions, market opportunities and available resources. See Note 19 - Segment Information for additional information regarding our operating segments.
Three Months Ended January 31, 2023 Compared to the Three Months Ended January 31, 2022
The following table shows the segment results of operations for the three months ended January 31, 2023 (in thousands):

| Fresh Lemons | Lemon Packing | Eliminations | Avocados | Other Agribusiness | Total Agribusiness | Corporate and Other | Total
Revenues from external customers | $ | 28,481 |  | $ | 5,648 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 2,399 |  | $ | 36,528 |  | $ | 1,373 |  | $ | 37,901 |
Intersegment revenue | — |  | 7,363 |  | (7,363) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Total net revenues | 28,481 |  | 13,011 |  | (7,363) |  | — |  | 2,399 |  | 36,528 |  | 1,373 |  | 37,901 |
Costs and expenses (gain) | 33,300 |  | 11,353 |  | (7,363) |  | — |  | 1,816 |  | 39,106 |  | (29,536) |  | 9,570 |
Depreciation and amortization | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,135 |  | 312 |  | 2,447 |
Operating income (loss) | $ | (4,819) |  | $ | 1,658 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 583 |  | $ | (4,713) |  | $ | 30,597 |  | $ | 25,884 |

The following table shows the segment results of operations for the three months ended January 31, 2022 (in thousands):

| Fresh Lemons | Lemon Packing | Eliminations | Avocados | Other Agribusiness | Total Agribusiness | Corporate and Other | Total
Revenues from external customers | $ | 29,600 |  | $ | 5,968 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 766 |  | $ | 1,749 |  | $ | 38,083 |  | $ | 1,191 |  | $ | 39,274 |
Intersegment revenue | — |  | 6,589 |  | (6,589) |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Total net revenues | 29,600 |  | 12,557 |  | (6,589) |  | 766 |  | 1,749 |  | 38,083 |  | 1,191 |  | 39,274 |
Costs and expenses | 32,161 |  | 10,556 |  | (6,589) |  | 321 |  | 2,610 |  | 39,059 |  | 7,293 |  | 46,352 |
Depreciation and amortization | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,185 |  | 295 |  | 2,480 |
Operating (loss) income | $ | (2,561) |  | $ | 2,001 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 445 |  | $ | (861) |  | $ | (3,161) |  | $ | (6,397) |  | $ | (9,558) |

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The following analysis should be read in conjunction with the previous section “Results of Operations.”
Fresh Lemons
Fresh lemons segment revenue is comprised of sales of fresh lemons, lemon by-products and brokered fruit and other lemon revenue such as purchased, packed fruit for resale. For the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, our fresh lemons segment total net revenues were $28.5 million and $29.6 million, respectively. The 4% decrease of $1.1 million was primarily the result of a net decrease in brokered fruit and other lemon sales.
Costs and expenses associated with our fresh lemons segment include growing costs, harvest costs and costs of lemons we procure from third-party growers and suppliers. For the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, our fresh lemons segment costs and expenses were $33.3 million and $32.2 million, respectively. The 4% increase of $1.1 million was primarily the result of:
•Harvest costs for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 were $1.1 million lower than the same period of fiscal year 2022.
•Growing costs for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 were $1.1 million higher than the same period of fiscal year 2022.
•Third-party grower and supplier costs for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 were $0.1 million higher than the same period of fiscal year 2022.
•Transportation costs for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 were $0.3 million higher than the same period of fiscal year 2022.
•Intersegment costs and expenses for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 were $0.8 million higher than the same period of fiscal year 2022.
Lemon Packing
Lemon packing segment revenue is comprised of packing revenue, intersegment packing revenue and shipping and handling revenue. For the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, our lemon packing segment total net revenues were $13.0 million and $12.6 million, respectively. The 4% increase of $0.5 million was primarily the result of increased volume of lemons packed and sold.
Costs and expenses associated with our lemon packing segment consist of the cost to pack lemons for sale such as labor and benefits, cardboard cartons, fruit treatments, packing and shipping supplies and facility operating costs. For the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, our lemon packing costs and expenses were $11.4 million and $10.6 million, respectively. The 8% increase of $0.8 million was primarily the result of increased volume of lemons packed and sold.
For the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, lemon packing segment operating income per carton sold was $1.27 and $1.66, respectively.
In the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, the lemon packing segment included $7.4 million and $6.6 million, respectively, of intersegment revenues that were charged to the fresh lemons segment to pack lemons for sale. Such intersegment revenues and expenses are eliminated in our consolidated financial statements.
Avocados
For the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, our avocados segment had no revenue, compared to $0.8 million in the same period of fiscal year 2022.
Costs and expenses associated with our avocados segment include growing and harvest costs. For the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, our avocados segment costs and expenses were zero and $0.3 million, respectively.
Other Agribusiness
For the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, our other agribusiness segment total net revenues were $2.4 million and $1.7 million, respectively. The 37% increase of $0.7 million was primarily the result of:
•Orange revenues for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 were $0.3 million higher than the same period of fiscal year 2022.
•Specialty citrus and other crops revenues for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 were $0.4 million higher than the same period of fiscal year 2022.
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Costs and expenses associated with our other agribusiness segment include growing costs, harvest costs and purchased fruit costs. For the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, our other agribusiness costs and expenses were $1.8 million and $2.6 million, respectively. The 30% decrease of $0.8 million was primarily the result of:
•Harvest costs for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 were $0.1 million lower than the same period of fiscal year 2022.
•Growing costs for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 were $1.4 million lower than the same period of fiscal year 2022.
•Purchased fruit costs for the first quarter of fiscal year 2023 were $0.7 million higher than the same period of fiscal year 2022.
Total agribusiness depreciation and amortization expenses for the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022 were similar at $2.1 million.
Corporate and Other
Our corporate and other operations had revenues of $1.4 million and $1.2 million for the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Costs and expenses in our corporate and other operations for the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022 were approximately $(29.5) million and $7.4 million, respectively, and include selling, general and administrative costs and expenses and gain on disposal of assets not allocated to the operating segments. Depreciation and amortization expenses for the first quarter of fiscal years 2023 and 2022 were similar at $0.3 million.
Seasonal Operations
Historically, our agribusiness operations have been seasonal in nature with quarterly revenue fluctuating depending on the timing and the variety of crops being harvested. Cultural costs in our agribusiness tend to be higher in the first and second quarters and lower in the third and fourth quarters because of the timing of expensing cultural costs in the current year that were inventoried in the prior year. Our harvest costs generally increase in the second quarter and peak in the third quarter coinciding with the increasing production and revenue. Due to this seasonality and to avoid the inference that interim results are indicative of the estimated results for a full fiscal year, we present supplemental information for 12-month periods ended at the interim date for the current and preceding years.
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Results of Operations for the Trailing Twelve Months Ended January 31, 2023 and 2022
The following table shows the unaudited results of operations (in thousands):

| Trailing Twelve Months Ended January 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Net revenues: |  |  |
Agribusiness | $ | 177,726 |  |  | $ | 162,327 |
Other operations | 5,506 |  |  | 4,699 |
Total net revenues | 183,232 |  |  | 167,026 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |
Agribusiness | 160,648 |  |  | 152,798 |
Other operations | 4,602 |  |  | 4,324 |
(Gain) loss on disposal of assets | (44,157) |  |  | 24 |
Selling, general and administrative | 24,496 |  |  | 20,130 |
Total costs and expenses | 145,589 |  |  | 177,276 |
Operating income (loss) | 37,643 |  |  | (10,250) |
Other (expense) income: |  |  |
Interest income | 40 |  |  | 357 |
Interest expense, net of patronage dividends | (3,678) |  |  | (1,420) |
Equity in earnings of investments, net | 1,543 |  |  | 2,888 |
Other (expense) income, net | (3,582) |  |  | 111 |
Total other (expense) income | (5,677) |  |  | 1,936 |
Income (loss) before income tax (provision) benefit | 31,966 |  |  | (8,314) |
Income tax (provision) benefit | (10,300) |  |  | 1,729 |
Net income (loss) | 21,666 |  |  | (6,585) |
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interest | 247 |  |  | 836 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Limoneira Company | $ | 21,913 |  |  | $ | (5,749) |

The following analysis should be read in conjunction with the previous section “Results of Operations.”
•Total revenues increased $16.2 million in the twelve months ended January 31, 2023, compared to the twelve months ended January 31, 2022, primarily related to increased agribusiness revenues, particularly increased avocado sales, oranges and specialty crops.
•Total costs and expenses decreased $31.7 million in the twelve months ended January 31, 2023, compared to the twelve months ended January 31, 2022, primarily related to gain on disposal of assets, partially offset by increased agribusiness costs and selling, general and administrative expenses.
•Total other expense increased $7.6 million in the twelve months ended January 31, 2023, compared to the twelve months ended January 31, 2022, primarily related to increased interest expense, net of patronage dividends, decreased equity in earnings of investments and increased other expense primarily due to pension settlement costs.
•Income tax provision increased $12.0 million in the twelve months ended January 31, 2023, compared to the twelve months ended January 31, 2022, primarily related to an increase in pre-tax income of $40.3 million.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview
Our primary sources of liquidity are cash and cash flows generated from our operations and use of our revolving credit facility. Our liquidity and capital position fluctuates during the year depending on seasonal production cycles, weather events and demand for our products. Typically, our first and last fiscal quarters coincide with the fall and winter months during which we are growing crops that are harvested and sold in the spring and summer, which are our second and third quarters. To meet working capital demand and investment requirements of our agribusiness and real estate development projects and to supplement operating cash flows, we utilize our revolving credit facility to fund agricultural inputs and farm management practices until sufficient returns from crops allow us to repay amounts borrowed. Raw materials needed to propagate the various crops grown by us consist primarily of fertilizer, herbicides, insecticides, fuel and water, all of which are readily available from local sources.
Material contractual obligations arising in the normal course of business consist primarily of purchase obligations, long-term fixed rate and variable rate debt and related interest payments and operating and finance leases. See Note 10 - Long-Term Debt and Note 12 - Leases for amounts outstanding as of January 31, 2023, related to debt and leases. Purchase obligations consist of contracts primarily related to packing supplies, the majority of which are due in the next three years.
We believe that the cash flows from operations and available borrowing capacity from our existing credit facilities will be sufficient to satisfy our capital expenditures, debt service, working capital needs and other contractual obligations for the next twelve months. In addition, we have the ability to control a portion of our investing cash flows to the extent necessary based on our liquidity demands.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
For the three months ended January 31, 2023, net cash used in operating activities was $21.2 million, compared to net cash used in operating activities of $8.2 million for the three months ended January 31, 2022. The significant components of our cash flows used in operating activities were as follows:
•Net income (loss) for the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 was $15.5 million and $(6.6) million, respectively. The components of net income in the three months ended January 31, 2023, compared to the net loss in the same period in fiscal year 2022 consist of an increase in operating income of $35.4 million, an increase in total other expense of $3.8 million and an increase in income tax provision of $9.5 million.
•Adjustments to reconcile income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities:
◦Adjustments used $29.1 million and provided $1.1 million in the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily related to gain on disposal of assets, depreciation and amortization, stock compensation expense and deferred income taxes.
◦Changes in operating assets and liabilities used $7.6 million and $2.6 million of operating cash in the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily related to accounts receivables/other from related parties, cultural costs, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and growers and suppliers payable.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
For the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, net cash provided by (used in) investing activities was $99.1 million and $(0.7) million, respectively.
•The $99.1 million of cash provided by investing activities during the three months ended January 31, 2023 was comprised primarily of net proceeds from sales of assets of $98.9 million, net proceeds from the sale of real estate development assets of $2.6 million, partially offset by capital expenditures of $2.2 million, primarily related to orchard and vineyard development.
•The $0.7 million of cash used in investing activities during the three months ended January 31, 2022 was comprised primarily of capital expenditures of $2.1 million primarily related to orchard and vineyard development, partially offset by net proceeds from sales of assets of $1.1 million.
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Cash Flows from Financing Activities
For the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022, net cash (used in) provided by financing activities was $(66.3) million and $9.3 million, respectively.
•The $66.3 million of cash used in financing activities during the three months ended January 31, 2023 was comprised primarily of net repayments of long-term debt of $64.8 million and common and preferred stock dividends of $1.5 million.
•The $9.3 million of cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended January 31, 2022 was comprised primarily of net borrowings of long-term debt of $11.7 million, partially offset by common and preferred dividends, in aggregate, of $1.5 million and the exchange of common stock of $0.9 million.
Transactions Affecting Liquidity and Capital Resources
Credit Facilities and Long-Term Debt
We finance our working capital and other liquidity requirements primarily through cash from operations and from our AgWest Farm Credit Facility, which includes the Master Loan Agreement (the "MLA"), Supplements and Revolving Equity Line of Credit (the "RELOC"). In addition, we have Banco de Chile term loans and COVID-19 loans. Additional information regarding these loans can be found in Note 10 - Long-Term Debt.
In June 2021, we entered into the MLA with AgWest Farm Credit, formerly known as Farm Credit West, PCA (the "Lender"), together with the Supplements and a Fixed Interest Rate Agreement, which extends the principal repayment to July 1, 2026. The MLA governs the terms of the Supplements.
The Supplements and RELOC provide aggregate borrowing capacity of $130.0 million, comprised of $75.0 million under the Revolving Credit Supplement, $40.0 million under the Non-Revolving Credit Supplement and $15.0 million under the RELOC. As of January 31, 2023, our outstanding borrowings under the AgWest Farm Credit Facility and RELOC were $40.0 million and we had $90.0 million of availability.
On January 31, 2023, the Company sold the Northern Properties which resulted in total net proceeds of $98.8 million. The proceeds were used to pay down all of the Company's domestic debt except the Non-Revolving Credit Supplement.
The MLA subjects us to affirmative and restrictive covenants including, among other customary covenants, financial reporting requirements, requirements to maintain and repair any collateral, restrictions on the sale of assets, restrictions on the use of proceeds, prohibitions on the incurrence of additional debt and restrictions on the purchase or sale of major assets of our business. We are also subject to a financial covenant that requires us to maintain compliance with a specified debt service coverage ratio greater than or equal to 1:25:1.0 on an annual basis. We were in compliance as of October 31, 2022.
In February 2023, the Lender declared an annual cash patronage dividend of 1.25% of average eligible loan balances and the Company received $1.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2023. In the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, the Lender declared an annual patronage dividend of $1.6 million, which we received in the second quarter of fiscal year 2022.
Dividends
The holders of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (the “Series B Stock”) and the Series B-2 Preferred Stock (the “Series B-2 Preferred Stock”) are entitled to receive cumulative cash dividends. Such preferred dividends paid were $0.1 million in the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022.
Cash dividends declared in the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022 were $0.08 per common share and such dividends paid were $1.3 million in the three months ended January 31, 2023 and 2022.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires us to develop critical accounting policies and make certain estimates, assumptions and judgments that may affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience, available relevant data and other information that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, and we continue to review and evaluate these estimates. Actual results may materially differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions as new or additional information become available in future periods. During the three months ended January 31, 2023, our critical accounting policies and estimates have not changed since the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K as of October 31, 2022. Please refer to that filing for a description of our critical accounting policies and estimates.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
There have been no material changes in the disclosures discussed in the section entitled “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” in Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022 as filed with the SEC on December 22, 2022.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures. As of January 31, 2023, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our "disclosure controls and procedures," as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There have been no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended January 31, 2023 or, to our knowledge, in other factors that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls. Control systems, no matter how well conceived and operated, are designed to provide a reasonable, but not an absolute, level of assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are a party to various lawsuits, arbitrations or mediations that arise in the ordinary course of business. The disclosure called for by Part II, Item 1 regarding our legal proceedings is incorporated by reference herein from Part I, Item 1 Note 17 - Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes in the disclosures discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on December 22, 2022.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number | Exhibit
3.1 | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Limoneira Company, dated July 5, 1990 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, and amendments thereto, declared effective April 13, 2010 (File No. 000-53885))
3.2 | Certificate of Merger of Limoneira Company and The Samuel Edwards Associates into Limoneira Company, dated October 31, 1990 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, and amendments thereto, declared effective April 13, 2010 (File No. 000-53885))
3.3 | Certificate of Merger of McKevett Corporation into Limoneira Company dated December 31, 1994 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, and amendments thereto, declared effective April 13, 2010 (File No. 000-53885))
3.4 | Agreement of Merger Between Ronald Michaelis Ranches, Inc. and Limoneira Company, dated June 24, 1997 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.6 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, and amendments thereto, declared effective April 13, 2010 (File No. 000-53885))
3.5 | Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Limoneira Company, dated April 22, 2003 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.7 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, and amendments thereto, declared effective April 13, 2010 (File No. 000-53885))
3.6 | Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Limoneira Company, dated March 24, 2010 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.9 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, and amendments thereto, declared effective April 13, 2010 (File No. 000-53885))
3.7 | Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Incorporation of Limoneira Company, dated March 29, 2017 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 31, 2017 (File No. 001-34755))
3.8 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Limoneira Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 27, 2021 (File No. 001-34755))
4.1 | Specimen Certificate representing shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, and amendments thereto, declared effective April 13, 2010 (File No. 000-53885))
4.2 | Rights Agreement dated December 20, 2006 between Limoneira Company and The Bank of New York, as Rights Agent (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, and amendments thereto, declared effective April 13, 2010 (File No. 000-53885))
4.3 | Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of $8.75 Voting Preferred Stock, $100.00 Par Value, Series B of Limoneira Company, dated May 21, 1997 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, and amendments thereto, declared effective April 13, 2010 (File No. 000-53885))
4.4 | Amended Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of $8.75 Voting Preferred Stock, $100.00 Par Value, Series B of Limoneira Company, dated May 21, 1997 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.5 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, and amendments thereto, declared effective April 13, 2010 (File No. 000-53885))
4.5 | Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, $.01 Par Value, of Limoneira Company, dated November 21, 2006 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.8 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form 10, and amendments thereto, declared effective April 13, 2010 (File No. 000-53885))
4.6 | Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of 4% Voting Preferred Stock, $100.00 Par Value, Series B-2 of Limoneira Company, dated March 20, 2014 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed March 24, 2014 (File No. 001-34755))

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Exhibit Number | Exhibit
10.1 | Single Premium Guaranteed Annuity Contract Purchase Agreement, dated November 4, 2022 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 9, 2022)
10.2 | Temporary Bulk Payment Agreement, dated November 4, 2022 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed November 9, 2022)
10.3 | Purchase and Sale Agreement and Joint Escrow Instructions, dated October 10, 2022, by and between Limoneira Company and PGIM Real Estate Finance, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 31, 2023)
10.4 | First Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement and Joint Escrow Instructions, dated January 17, 2023 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 31, 2023)
10.5 | Second Amendment to Purchase and Sale Agreement and Joint Escrow Instructions, dated January 24, 2023 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 31, 2023)
10.6* | Farm Management Agreement, dated January 31, 2023, by and between Capital Agricultural Property Services, Inc. and Limoneira Company.
10.7* | Grower Packing & Marketing Agreement, dated as of January 31, 2023, by and between Limoneira Company and PAI Centurion Citrus, LLC.
31.1* | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a)
31.2* | Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a)
32.1* | Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2* | Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS* | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE* | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 | The cover page for the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended January 31, 2023 has been formatted in Inline XBRL

| * | Filed or furnished herewith,
|  | In accordance with Item 601(b)(32)(ii) of Regulation S-K and SEC Release Nos. 33-8238 and 34-47986, Final Rule: Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and Certification of Disclosure in Exchange Act Periodic Reports, the certifications furnished in Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 hereto are deemed to accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act. Such certifications will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

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LIMONEIRA COMPANY
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| LIMONEIRA COMPANY
March 9, 2023 | By: | /s/ HAROLD S. EDWARDS
|  | Harold S. Edwards
|  | Director, President and Chief Executive Officer
|  | (Principal Executive Officer)
March 9, 2023 | By: | /s/ MARK PALAMOUNTAIN
|  | Mark Palamountain
|  | Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
|  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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