10-Q 1 lndc20171126_10q.htm FORM 10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

[X] | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Quarter Ended November 26, 2017, or

[ ] | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition period for _________ to _________.

Commission file number: 0-27446

LANDEC CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 94-3025618
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (IRS Employer Identification Number)

5201 Great America Parkway, Suite 232

Santa Clara, California 9 5054

(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code:

(650) 306-1650

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock | The NASDAQ Global Select Stock Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes X No ___

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes X No ___

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ___ | Accelerated Filer X
Non Accelerated Filer ___ | Smaller Reporting Company ___
Emerging Growth Company ___ |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ___

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ___ No X

As of December 21, 2017, there were 27,533,892 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

Table of Contents

LANDEC CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q

For the Fiscal Quarter Ended November 26, 2017

INDEX

|  | Page
| Facing sheet |
| Index | i
Part I. | Financial Information |
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
| a) | Consolidated Balance Sheets as of November 26, 2017 and May 28, 2017 | 1
| b) | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Six Months Ended November 26, 2017 and November 27, 2016 | 2
| c) | Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Six Months Ended November 26, 2017 | 3
| d) | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended November 26, 2017 and November 27, 2016 | 4
| e) | Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 5
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 18
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 26
Item 4 | Controls and Procedures | 26
Part II. | Other Information | 27
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 27
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 27
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 27
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 27
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 27
Item 5. | Other Information | 27
Item 6. | Exhibits | 28
| Signatures | 29

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

LANDEC CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands except par value)

|  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | May 28, 2017 |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  |  |  |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 4,369 |  |  | $ | 5,409 |
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts |  |  | 56,356 |  |  |  | 47,083 |
Inventories |  |  | 30,836 |  |  |  | 25,290 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 4,426 |  |  |  | 3,498 |
Total Current Assets |  |  | 95,987 |  |  |  | 81,280 |
Investment in non-public company, fair value |  |  | 65,800 |  |  |  | 63,600 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 135,271 |  |  |  | 133,220 |
Goodwill |  |  | 54,779 |  |  |  | 54,779 |
Trademarks/tradenames, net |  |  | 16,028 |  |  |  | 16,028 |
Customer relationships, net |  |  | 6,291 |  |  |  | 6,783 |
Other assets |  |  | 5,152 |  |  |  | 2,918 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 379,308 |  |  | $ | 358,608 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 37,483 |  |  | $ | 25,868 |
Accrued compensation |  |  | 7,624 |  |  |  | 8,211 |
Other accrued liabilities |  |  | 8,471 |  |  |  | 9,125 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 1,673 |  |  |  | 310 |
Line of credit |  |  | 10,000 |  |  |  | 3,000 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | 4,940 |  |  |  | 4,940 |
Total Current Liabilities |  |  | 70,191 |  |  |  | 51,454 |
Long-term debt |  |  | 39,829 |  |  |  | 42,299 |
Capital lease obligation, less current portion |  |  | 3,688 |  |  |  | 3,731 |
Deferred taxes, net |  |  | 26,028 |  |  |  | 24,581 |
Other non-current liabilities |  |  | 6,863 |  |  |  | 8,391 |
Total Liabilities |  |  | 146,599 |  |  |  | 130,456 |
Stockholders’ Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 50,000 shares authorized; 27,534 and 27,499 shares issued and outstanding at November 26, 2017 and May 28, 2017, respectively |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 27 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 143,490 |  |  |  | 141,680 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 87,103 |  |  |  | 84,470 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |  |  | 568 |  |  |  | 432 |
Total Stockholders’ Equity |  |  | 231,189 |  |  |  | 226,609 |
Non-controlling interest |  |  | 1,520 |  |  |  | 1,543 |
Total Equity |  |  | 232,709 |  |  |  | 228,152 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  | $ | 379,308 |  |  | $ | 358,608 |

See accompanying notes.

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LANDEC CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, ex cept per share amounts)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |  |  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |
Product sales |  | $ | 136,457 |  |  | $ | 135,865 |  |  | $ | 259,814 |  |  | $ | 268,259 |
Cost of product sales |  |  | 120,705 |  |  |  | 116,912 |  |  |  | 224,776 |  |  |  | 228,162 |
Gross profit |  |  | 15,752 |  |  |  | 18,953 |  |  |  | 35,038 |  |  |  | 40,097 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development |  |  | 3,372 |  |  |  | 1,965 |  |  |  | 6,091 |  |  |  | 3,903 |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  | 12,934 |  |  |  | 13,724 |  |  |  | 26,979 |  |  |  | 27,460 |
Total operating costs and expenses |  |  | 16,306 |  |  |  | 15,689 |  |  |  | 33,070 |  |  |  | 31,363 |
Operating (loss) income |  |  | (554 | ) |  |  | 3,264 |  |  |  | 1,968 |  |  |  | 8,734 |
Dividend income |  |  | 412 |  |  |  | 412 |  |  |  | 825 |  |  |  | 825 |
Interest income |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 74 |  |  |  | 7 |
Interest expense |  |  | (480 | ) |  |  | (380 | ) |  |  | (884 | ) |  |  | (1,032 | )
Loss on debt refinancing |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,233 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,233 | )
Other income |  |  | 1,300 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,200 |  |  |  | — |
Net income before taxes |  |  | 720 |  |  |  | 2,067 |  |  |  | 4,183 |  |  |  | 7,301 |
Income tax expense |  |  | (207 | ) |  |  | (693 | ) |  |  | (1,458 | ) |  |  | (2,582 | )
Consolidated net income |  |  | 513 |  |  |  | 1,374 |  |  |  | 2,725 |  |  |  | 4,719 |
Non-controlling interest expense |  |  | (26 | ) |  |  | (48 | ) |  |  | (92 | ) |  |  | (81 | )
Net income applicable to common stockholders |  | $ | 487 |  |  | $ | 1,326 |  |  | $ | 2,633 |  |  | $ | 4,638 |
Basic net income per share |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | 0.17 |
Diluted net income per share |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | 0.17 |
Shares used in per share computation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 27,518 |  |  |  | 27,249 |  |  |  | 27,512 |  |  |  | 27,234 |
Diluted |  |  | 27,875 |  |  |  | 27,618 |  |  |  | 27,866 |  |  |  | 27,572 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in net unrealized gains on interest rate swap (net of tax effect of $140, $192, $85, and $192) |  | $ | 239 |  |  | $ | 327 |  |  | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 327 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  | 239 |  |  |  | 327 |  |  |  | 136 |  |  |  | 327 |
Total comprehensive income |  | $ | 726 |  |  | $ | 1,653 |  |  | $ | 2,769 |  |  | $ | 4,965 |

See accompanying notes.

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LANDEC CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in |  |  | Retained |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive |  |  | Total Stockholders’ |  |  | Non-controlling |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Income |  |  | Equity |  |  | Interest |
Balance at May 28, 2017 |  |  | 27,499 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 141,680 |  |  | $ | 84,470 |  |  | $ | 432 |  |  | $ | 226,609 |  |  | $ | 1,543 |
Issuance of common stock at $5.63 to $6.66 per share, net of taxes paid by Landec on behalf of employees |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Issuance of common stock for vested restricted stock units (“RSUs”) |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |
Taxes paid by Company for employee stock plans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (256 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (256 | ) |  |  | — |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,066 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,066 |  |  |  | — |
Payments to non-controlling interest |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (115 | )
Net income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,633 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,633 |  |  |  | 92 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 136 |  |  |  | 136 |  |  |  | — |
Balance at November 26, 2017 |  |  | 27,534 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 143,490 |  |  | $ | 87,103 |  |  | $ | 568 |  |  | $ | 231,189 |  |  | $ | 1,520 |

See accompanying notes.

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LANDEC CORPORATION

Consolidated StatementS of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)

|  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated net income |  | $ | 2,725 |  |  | $ | 4,719 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 5,934 |  |  |  | 5,110 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 2,066 |  |  |  | 1,773 |
Deferred taxes |  |  | 1,364 |  |  |  | 2,317 |
Loss on early debt extinguishment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,233 |
Change in investment in non-public company, fair value |  |  | (2,200 | ) |  |  | — |
Net (gain) loss on disposal of property and equipment |  |  | (45 | ) |  |  | 57 |
Changes in current assets and current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | (9,273 | ) |  |  | (3,603 | )
Inventories |  |  | (5,546 | ) |  |  | (2,435 | )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | (904 | ) |  |  | 666 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 11,615 |  |  |  | (4,990 | )
Accrued compensation |  |  | (497 | ) |  |  | 236 |
Other accrued liabilities |  |  | (2,272 | ) |  |  | 802 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 1,363 |  |  |  | (358 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 4,330 |  |  |  | 5,527 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment |  |  | (7,431 | ) |  |  | (4,738 | )
Issuance of note receivable |  |  | (2,099 | ) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from sales of fixed assets |  |  | 73 |  |  |  | 14 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (9,457 | ) |  |  | (4,724 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from sale of common stock |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 193 |
Taxes paid by Company for employee stock plans |  |  | (256 | ) |  |  | (272 | )
Proceeds from long-term debt |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50,000 |
Payments on long-term debt |  |  | (2,543 | ) |  |  | (54,697 | )
Proceeds from lines of credit |  |  | 14,500 |  |  |  | 1,500 |
Payments on lines of credit |  |  | (7,500 | ) |  |  | (3,500 | )
Payments for debt issuance costs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (897 | )
Payments for early debt extinguishment penalties |  |  | — |  |  |  | (233 | )
Payments to non-controlling interest |  |  | (115 | ) |  |  | (166 | )
Other, net |  |  | — |  |  |  | (59 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  |  | 4,087 |  |  |  | (8,131 | )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (1,040 | ) |  |  | (7,328 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 5,409 |  |  |  | 9,894 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 4,369 |  |  | $ | 2,566 |

See accompanying notes.

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LANDEC CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. | Organization, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

Landec Corporation and its subsidiaries (“Landec” or the “Company”) design, develop, manufacture, and sell differentiated products for food and biomaterials markets, and license technology applications to partners. The Company has two proprietary polymer technology platforms: 1) Intelimer® polymers, and 2) hyaluronan (“HA”) biopolymers. The Company sells specialty packaged branded Eat Smart® and GreenLine® and private label fresh-cut vegetables and whole produce to retailers, club stores, and foodservice operators, primarily in the United States, Canada, and Asia through its Apio, Inc. (“Apio”) subsidiary, and sells HA-based and non-HA biomaterials through its Lifecore Biomedical, Inc. (“Lifecore”) subsidiary. The Company’s HA biopolymers and non-HA materials are proprietary in that they are specially formulated for specific customers to meet strict regulatory requirements. Through its O Olive Oil, Inc. (“O Olive”) division, which the Company acquired on March 1, 2017, the Company sells premier California specialty olive oils and wine vinegars under the O brand to natural food, conventional grocery and mass retail stores, primarily in the United States and Canada.

The Company’s technologies, along with its customer relationships and tradenames, are the foundation and key differentiating advantages upon which Landec has built its business.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Landec have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) have been made which are necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company at November 26, 2017 and the results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented. Although Landec believes that the disclosures in these financial statements are adequate to make the information presented not misleading, certain information normally included in financial statements and related footnotes prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The accompanying financial data should be reviewed in conjunction with the audited financial statements and accompanying notes included in Landec's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 28, 2017.

The results of operations for the six months ended November 26, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for an entire fiscal year because there is some seasonality in Apio’s food business, particularly, Apio’s export business, and the order patterns of Lifecore’s customers which may lead to significant fluctuations in Landec’s quarterly results of operations.

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements are presented on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with GAAP and include the accounts of Landec Corporation and its subsidiaries, Apio and Lifecore. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Arrangements that are not controlled through voting or similar rights are reviewed under the guidance for variable interest entities (“VIEs”). A company is required to consolidate the assets, liabilities, and operations of a VIE if it is determined to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE.

An entity is a VIE and subject to consolidation, if by design: a) the total equity investment at risk is not sufficient to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support provided by any party, including equity holders, or b) as a group the holders of the equity investment at risk lack any one of the following three characteristics: (i) the power, through voting rights or similar rights to direct the activities of an entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance, (ii) the obligation to absorb the expected losses of the entity, or (iii) the right to receive the expected residual returns of the entity. The Company reviewed the consolidation guidance and concluded that its partnership interest in Apio Cooling, LP and its equity investment in the non-public company are not VIEs.

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Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The accounting estimates that require management’s most significant and subjective judgments include revenue recognition; loss contingencies; sales returns and allowances; inventories; self-insurance liabilities; recognition and measurement of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities; the assessment of recoverability of long-lived assets including intangible assets; the valuation of investments; and the valuation and recognition of stock-based compensation and contingent liabilities.

These estimates involve the consideration of complex factors and require management to make judgments. The analysis of historical and future trends can require extended periods of time to resolve and are subject to change from period to period. The actual results may differ from management’s estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company records all highly liquid securities with three months or less from date of purchase to maturity as cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist mainly of money market funds. The market value of cash equivalents approximates their historical cost given their short-term nature.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value and consist of the following (in thousands):

|  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | May 28, 2017 |
Raw materials |  | $ | 13,229 |  |  | $ | 10,158 |
Work in progress |  |  | 4,702 |  |  |  | 3,447 |
Finished goods |  |  | 12,905 |  |  |  | 11,685 |
Total |  | $ | 30,836 |  |  | $ | 25,290 |

If the cost of the inventories exceeds their net realizable value, provisions are recorded currently to reduce them to net realizable value. The Company also records a provision for slow moving and obsolete inventories based on the estimate of demand for its products.

Related Party Transactions

The Company sells products to and earns license fees from Windset Holdings 2010 Ltd. ("Windset"). During the three months ended November 26, 2017 and November 27, 2016, the Company recognized revenues of $91,000 and $75,000, respectively. During the six months ended November 26, 2017 and November 27, 2016, the Company recognized revenues of $195,000 and $193,000, respectively. These amounts have been included in product sales in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The related receivable balances of $109,000 and $388,000 are included in accounts receivable in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of November 26, 2017 and May 28, 2017, respectively.

All related party transactions are monitored quarterly by the Company and approved by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

Debt Issuance Costs

The Company records its line of credit debt issuance costs as an asset, and as such, $120,000 and $338,000 were recorded as prepaid expenses and other current assets and other assets, respectively, as of November 26, 2017, and $120,000 and $399,000, respectively, as of May 28, 2017. The Company records its term debt issuance costs as a contra-liability, and as such, $60,000 and $171,000 was recorded as current portion of long-term debt and long-term debt, respectively, as of November 26, 2017 and $60,000 and $201,000, respectively, as of May 28, 2017. See Note 7 – Debt of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

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Financial Instruments

The Company’s financial instruments are primarily composed of commercial-term trade payables, grower advances, notes receivable, and debt instruments. For short-term instruments, the historical carrying amount approximates the fair value of the instrument. The fair value of long-term debt approximates its carrying value.

Cash Flow Hedges

The Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement to manage interest rate risk. This derivative instrument may offset a portion of the changes in interest expense. The Company designates this derivative instrument as a cash flow hedge. The Company accounts for its derivative instrument as either an asset or a liability and carries it at fair value in Other assets or Other non-current liabilities. The accounting for changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument depends on the intended use of the derivative instrument and the resulting designation.

For derivative instruments that hedge the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that are designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Stockholders’ Equity and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument, if any, is recognized in earnings in the current period. To receive hedge accounting treatment, cash flow hedges must be highly effective in offsetting changes to expected future cash flows on hedged transactions.

Other Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income consists of two components, net income and Other Comprehensive Income (“OCI”). OCI refers to revenue, expenses, and gains and losses that under GAAP are recorded as a component of stockholders’ equity but are excluded from net income. The Company’s OCI consists of net deferred gains on its interest rate swap derivative instrument accounted for as a cash flow hedge. The components of OCI and the changes in accumulated OCI, net of tax, are as follows (in thousands):

|  | Unrealized Gains on Cash Flow Hedge |
Accumulated OCI, net, as of May 28, 2017 |  | $ | 432 |
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications, net of tax effect |  |  | 136 |
Amounts reclassified from OCI |  |  | — |
Accumulated OCI, net, as of November 26, 2017 |  | $ | 568 |

The Company does not expect any transactions or other events to occur that would result in the reclassification of any significant gains or losses into earnings in the next 12 months.

Investment in Non-Public Company

On February 15, 2011, the Company made its initial investment in Windset which is reported as an investment in non-public company, fair value, in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of November 26, 2017 and May 28, 2017. The Company has elected to account for its investment in Windset under the fair value option. See Note 3 – Investment in Non-public Company for further information.

Intangible Assets

The Company’s intangible assets are comprised of customer relationships with a finite estimated useful life of eleven to thirteen years, and trademarks, tradenames and goodwill with indefinite useful lives.

Finite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that indicate that the carrying amount of an asset (or asset group) may not be recoverable. Indefinite lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment at least annually. For goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets, the Company performs a qualitative impairment analysis in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 350-30-35.

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Partial Self-Insurance on Employee Health and Workers Compensation Plans

The Company provides health insurance benefits to eligible employees under self-insured plans whereby the Company pays actual medical claims subject to certain stop loss limits and self-insures its workers compensation claims. The Company records self-insurance liabilities based on actual claims filed and an estimate of those claims incurred but not reported. Any projection of losses concerning the Company's liability is subject to a high degree of variability. Among the causes of this variability are unpredictable external factors such as inflation rates, changes in severity, benefit level changes, medical costs, and claims settlement patterns. This self-insurance liability is included in Other accrued liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets and represents management's best estimate of the amounts that have not been paid as of November 26, 2017 and May 28, 2017. It is reasonably possible that the expense the Company ultimately incurs could differ and adjustments to future reserves may be necessary.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company uses fair value measurement accounting for financial assets and liabilities and for financial instruments and certain other items measured at fair value. The Company has elected the fair value option for its investment in a non-public company. See Note 3 – Investment in Non-public Company for further information. The Company also measures its contingent consideration at fair value. See Note 2 – Acquisition of O Olive for further information. The Company has not elected the fair value option for any of its other eligible financial assets or liabilities.

The accounting guidance established a three-tier hierarchy for fair value measurements, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1 – observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

Level 2 – inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly through corroboration with observable market data.

Level 3 – unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which would require the Company to develop its own assumptions.

As of November 26, 2017 and May 28, 2017, the Company held certain assets that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis, including its interest rate swap and its minority interest investment in Windset.

The fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap is determined based on model inputs that can be observed in a liquid market, including yield curves, and is categorized as a Level 2 measurement investment and is included in Other assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The fair value of the Company’s contingent consideration for the acquisition of O Olive utilizes significant unobservable inputs, including projected earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) and discount rates. As a result, the Company’s contingent consideration associated with the O Olive acquisition is considered a Level 3 measurement liability. For the three and six months ended November 26, 2017, the Company reduced its contingent consideration liability from $5.9 million at May 28, 2017 to $5.4 million at November 26, 2017 due to change in projected EBITDA and discount rates during the three year earn out period ended May 31, 2020.

The Company has elected the fair value option of accounting for its investment in Windset. The calculation of fair value utilizes significant unobservable inputs, including projected cash flows, growth rates, and discount rates. As a result, the Company’s investment in Windset is considered to be a Level 3 measurement investment. The change in the fair value of the Company’s investment in Windset for the six months ended November 26, 2017 was due to the Company’s 26.9% minority interest in the change in the fair market value of Windset during the period. In determining the fair value of the investment in Windset, the Company utilizes the following significant unobservable inputs in the discounted cash flow models:

|  | At November 26, 2017 |  |  | At May 28, 2017 |
Revenue growth rates |  |  | 4% |  |  |  | 4% |
Expense growth rates |  |  | 4% |  |  |  | 4% |
Income tax rates |  |  | 15% |  |  |  | 15% |
Discount rates |  |  | 12% |  |  |  | 12% |

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The revenue growth, expense growth, and income tax rate assumptions are considered the Company's best estimate of the trends in those items over the discount period. The discount rate assumption takes into account the risk-free rate of return, the market equity risk premium, and the company’s specific risk premium and then applies an additional discount for lack of liquidity of the underlying securities. The discounted cash flow valuation model used by the Company has the following sensitivity to changes in inputs and assumptions (in thousands):

|  | Impact on value of investment in Windset as of November 26, 2017 |
10% increase in revenue growth rates |  | $ | 7,400 |
10% increase in expense growth rates |  | $ | (2,000 | )
10% increase in income tax rates |  | $ | (500 | )
10% increase in discount rates |  | $ | (4,500 | )

Imprecision in estimating unobservable market inputs can affect the amount of gain or loss recorded for a particular position. The use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.

The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

|  | Fair Value at November 26, 2017 |  |  | Fair Value at May 28, 2017 |
|  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swap (1) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 909 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 688 |  |  | $ | — |
Investment in non-public company |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 65,800 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 63,600 |
Total |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 909 |  |  | $ | 65,800 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 688 |  |  | $ | 63,600 |

| (1) | Included in Other assets.

Revenue Recognition

See Note 9 – Business Segment Reporting, for a discussion about the Company’s four business segments; namely, Packaged Fresh Vegetables, Food Export, Biomaterials, and Other.

Revenue from product sales is recognized when there is persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, title has transferred, the price is fixed and determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. Allowances are established for estimated uncollectible amounts, product returns, and discounts based on specific identification and historical losses.

Apio’s Packaged Fresh Vegetables revenues generally consist of revenues generated from the sale of specialty packaged fresh-cut and whole value-added vegetable products that are generally washed and packaged in Apio’s proprietary packaging and sold under Apio’s Eat Smart and GreenLine brands and various private labels. Revenue is generally recognized upon shipment of these products to customers. The Company takes title to all produce it trades and/or packages, and therefore, records revenues and cost of sales at gross amounts in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

In addition, Packaged Fresh Vegetables revenues include the revenues generated from Apio Cooling, LP, a vegetable cooling operation in which Apio is the general partner with a 60% ownership position, and from the sale of BreatheWay® packaging to license partners. Revenue is recognized on the vegetable cooling operations as cooling and storage services are provided to Apio’s customers. Sales of BreatheWay packaging are recognized when shipped to Apio’s customers.

Apio’s Food Export revenues consist of revenues generated from the purchase and sale of primarily whole commodity fruit and vegetable products to Asia through its subsidiary, Cal-Ex Trading Company (“Cal-Ex”). As most Cal-Ex customers are in countries outside of the U.S., title transfers and revenue is generally recognized upon arrival of the shipment in the foreign port. Apio records revenue equal to the sale price to third parties because it takes title to the product while in transit.

Lifecore’s Biomaterials business principally generates revenue through the sale of products containing HA. Lifecore primarily sells products to customers in three medical areas: (1) Ophthalmic, which represented approximately 65% of Lifecore’s revenues in fiscal year 2017, (2) Orthopedic, which represented approximately 15% of Lifecore’s revenues in fiscal year 2017, and (3) Other/Non-HA products, which represented approximately 20% of Lifecore’s revenues in fiscal year 2017. The vast majority of Lifecore’s revenues are recognized upon shipment.

Lifecore’s business development revenues, a portion of which are included in all three medical areas, are related to contract research and development (“R&D”) services and multiple element arrangement services with customers where the Company provides products and/or services in a bundled arrangement.

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O Olive’s business, which the Company acquired on March 1, 2017, sells premier California specialty olive oils and wine vinegars under the O brand to natural food, conventional grocery and mass retail stores, primarily in the United States and Canada. The revenues of O Olive are included in the Other segment. O Olive’s revenue is generally recognized upon shipment of its products to customers. The Company takes title to all products it trades and/or packages, and therefore, records revenues and cost of sales at gross amounts in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

Contract R&D revenue is recorded as earned, based on the performance requirements of the contract. Non-refundable contract fees for which no further performance obligations exist, and there is no continuing involvement by the Company, are recognized on the earlier of when the payment is received or collectability is reasonably assured.

For sales arrangements that contain multiple elements, the Company splits the arrangement into separate units of accounting if the individually delivered elements have value to the customer on a standalone basis. The Company also evaluates whether multiple transactions with the same customer or related party should be considered part of a multiple element arrangement, whereby the Company assesses, among other factors, whether the contracts or agreements are negotiated or executed within a short time frame of each other or if there are indicators that the contracts are negotiated in contemplation of each other. The Company then allocates revenue to each element based on a selling price hierarchy. The relative selling price for a deliverable is based on its vendor-specific objective evidence (“VSOE”), if available, third-party evidence (“TPE”), if VSOE is not available, or estimated selling price, if neither VSOE nor TPE is available. The Company then recognizes revenue on each deliverable in accordance with its policies for product and service revenue recognition. The Company is not typically able to determine VSOE or TPE, and; therefore, uses the estimated selling price to allocate revenue between the elements of an arrangement.

The Company limits the amount of revenue recognition for delivered elements to the amount that is not contingent on the future delivery of products or services or future performance obligations or subject to customer-specific cancellation rights. The Company evaluates each deliverable in an arrangement to determine whether it represents a separate unit of accounting. A deliverable constitutes a separate unit of accounting when it has stand-alone value, and for an arrangement that includes a general right of return relative to the delivered products or services, delivery or performance of the undelivered product or service is considered probable and is substantially controlled by the Company. The Company considers a deliverable to have stand-alone value if the product or service is sold separately by the Company or another vendor or could be resold by the customer. Further, the revenue arrangements generally do not include a general right of return relative to delivered products. Where the aforementioned criteria for a separate unit of accounting are not met, the deliverable is combined with the undelivered element(s) and treated as a single unit of accounting for the purposes of allocation of the arrangement consideration and revenue recognition. The Company allocates the total arrangement consideration to each separable element of an arrangement based upon the relative selling price of each element. Allocation of the consideration is determined at arrangement inception on the basis of each unit’s relative selling price. In instances where the Company has not established fair value for any undelivered element, revenue for all elements is deferred until delivery of the final element is completed and all recognition criteria are met.

For licensing revenue, the initial license fees are deferred and amortized to revenue over the period of the agreement when a contract exists, the fee is fixed and determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured. Noncancellable, nonrefundable license fees are recognized over the period of the agreement, including those governing R&D activities and any related supply agreement entered into concurrently with the license when the risk associated with commercialization of a product is non-substantive at the outset of the arrangement.

From time to time, the Company offers customers sales incentives, which include volume rebates and discounts. These amounts are estimated on a quarterly basis and recorded as a reduction of revenue.

A summary of revenues by type of arrangement as described above is as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |  |  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |
Recorded upon shipment |  | $ | 118,634 |  |  | $ | 107,987 |  |  | $ | 231,908 |  |  | $ | 214,152 |
Recorded upon acceptance in foreign port |  |  | 13,996 |  |  |  | 25,701 |  |  |  | 21,572 |  |  |  | 49,040 |
Revenue from multiple element arrangements |  |  | 2,132 |  |  |  | 1,683 |  |  |  | 3,701 |  |  |  | 3,268 |
Revenue from license fees, R&D contracts and royalties/profit sharing |  |  | 1,695 |  |  |  | 494 |  |  |  | 2,633 |  |  |  | 1,799 |
Total |  | $ | 136,457 |  |  | $ | 135,865 |  |  | $ | 259,814 |  |  | $ | 268,259 |

Legal Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in various legal proceedings and claims.

The Company makes a provision for a liability relating to legal matters when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These provisions are reviewed at least each fiscal quarter and adjusted to reflect the impacts of negotiations, estimate settlements, legal rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter. Legal fees are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

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Apio has been the target of a union organizing campaign which has included two unsuccessful attempts to unionize Apio's Guadalupe, California processing plant. The campaign has involved a union and over 100 former and current employees of Pacific Harvest, Inc. and Rancho Harvest, Inc. (collectively "Pacific Harvest"), Apio's labor contractors at its Guadalupe, California processing facility, bringing legal actions before various state and federal agencies, the California Superior Court, and initiating over 100 individual arbitrations against Apio and Pacific Harvest.

The legal actions consist of three main types of claims: (1) Unfair Labor Practice claims ("ULPs") before the National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB”), (2) discrimination/wrongful termination claims before state and federal agencies and in individual arbitrations, and (3) wage and hour claims as part of two Private Attorney General Act (“PAGA”) cases in state court and in over 100 individual arbitrations.

A settlement of the ULPs among the union, Apio, and Pacific Harvest that were pending before the NLRB was approved on December 27, 2016 for $310,000. Apio was responsible for half of this settlement, or $155,000. On May 5, 2017, the parties to the remaining actions executed a settlement agreement concerning the discrimination/wrongful termination claims and the wage and hour claims which covers all non-exempt employees of Pacific Harvest working at Apio's Guadalupe, California processing facility from September 2011 through the settlement date. Under the settlement agreement, the plaintiffs are to be paid $6.0 million in three installments: $2.4 million, which was paid on July 3, 2017, $1.8 million which was paid on November 22, 2017 and $1.8 million which is due in July 2018. The Company and Pacific Harvest have each agreed to pay one half of the settlement payments. The Company paid the entire first two installments of $4.2 million and will be reimbursed by Pacific Harvest for its $2.1 million portion which is included in Other assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. This receivable will be repaid through monthly payments until fully paid, which the Company expects to occur by December 2020. The Company and Pacific Harvest will both make one half of the third installment in July 2018. The Company’s recourse against non-payment by Pacific Harvest is its security interest in assets owned by Pacific Harvest.

As of November 26, 2017 and May 28, 2017, the Company had accrued $1.0 million and $3.2 million, respectively, related to these actions, which is included in Other accrued liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Recent Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted

Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, which creates FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers and supersedes ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition (“ASU 2014-09”). The guidance replaces industry-specific guidance and establishes a single five-step model to identify and recognize revenue. The core principle of the guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue upon transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Additionally, the guidance requires the entity to disclose further quantitative and qualitative information regarding the nature and amount of revenues arising from contracts with customers, as well as other information about the significant judgments and estimates used in recognizing revenues from contracts with customers. Since its original issuance, the FASB has issued several additional related ASUs to address implementation concerns and to further clarify certain guidance within ASU 2014-09. The Company will adopt these updates beginning with the first quarter of its fiscal year 2019 and anticipates doing so using the full retrospective method, which will require restatement of each prior reporting period presented.

Currently, the Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of ASU 2014-09. As a result, the Company has initially identified the following core revenue streams from its contracts with customers:

| ● | Finished goods product sales (Packaged Fresh Vegetables and O Olive);

| ● | Shipping and handling (Packaged Fresh Vegetables and O Olive);

| ● | Buy-sell product sales (Food Export);

| ● | Product development and contract manufacturing arrangements (Biomaterials).

The Company’s assessment efforts to date have included reviewing current accounting policies, processes, and systems requirements, as well assigning internal resources and third-party consultants to assist in the process. Additionally, the Company has begun to review historical contracts and other arrangements to identify potential differences that could arise from the adoption of ASU 2014-09. Most notably, the Company is evaluating its current conclusions with respect to gross versus net revenue reporting for its Food Export business, as well as the timing of revenue recognition for its product development contract manufacturing arrangements in its Biomaterials business, to determine whether the application of ASU 2014-09 necessitates changes to such reporting. Beyond its core revenue streams, and the items listed above, the Company is also evaluating the impact of ASU 2014-09 on certain ancillary transactions and other arrangements.

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Currently, the Company cannot reasonably estimate the impact the application of ASU 2014-09 will have upon its consolidated financial statements. The Company continues to assess the impact of ASU 2014-09, along with industry trends and additional interpretive guidance, on its core revenue streams, and as a result of the continued assessment, the Company may modify its plan of adoption accordingly.

Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”), which requires companies to generally recognize on the balance sheet operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use-assets. ASU 2016-02 also requires improved disclosures to help users of financial statements better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The Company will adopt ASU 2016-02 beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020 on a modified retrospective basis.

The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact that ASU 2016-02 will have upon its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. The Company’s assessment efforts to date have included:

| ● | Reviewing the provisions of ASU 2016-02;
| ● | Gathering information to evaluate its lease population and portfolio;
| ● | Evaluating the nature of its real and personal property and other arrangements that may meet the definition of a lease; and
| ● | Evaluating systems’ readiness.

As a result of these efforts, the Company currently anticipates that the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have a significant impact to its long-term assets and liabilities, as, at a minimum, virtually all of its leases designated as operating leases are expected to be reported on the consolidated balance sheets. The pattern of recognition for operating leases within the consolidated statements of comprehensive income is not anticipated to significantly change.

2. | Acquisition of O Olive

On March 1, 2017, the Company purchased substantially all of the assets of O Olive for $2.5 million in cash plus contingent consideration of up to $7.5 million over the next three years based upon O Olive achieving certain EBITDA targets. All accounting for this acquisition is final.

The potential earn out payment up to $7.5 million is based on O Olive’s cumulative EBITDA over the Company’s fiscal years 2018 through 2020. At the end of each fiscal year, beginning in fiscal year 2018, the former owners of O Olive will earn the equivalent of the EBITDA achieved by O Olive for that fiscal year up to $4.6 million over the three year period. The former owners can also earn an additional $2.9 million on a dollar for dollar basis for exceeding $6.0 million of cumulative EBITDA over the three year period. During the second quarter of fiscal year 2018, the Company performed, with the assistance of a third party appraiser, an analysis of O Olive’s projected EBITDA over the earnout period. Based on this analysis the Company has recorded a contingent consideration liability, included in Other non-current liabilities, of $5.4 million and $5.9 million as of November 26, 2017 and May 28, 2017, respectively, representing the present value of the expected earn out payments. The $500,000 reduction in the contingent consideration liability was recorded as a reduction to SG&A in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. For this analysis, the Company assumed that the maximum earn out of $7.5 million would be paid over the three year period with over half being earned in fiscal year 2020.

The operating results of O Olive are included in the Company’s financial statements beginning March 1, 2017, in the Other segment.

Intangible Assets

The Company identified two intangible assets in connection with the O Olive acquisition: trade names and trademarks valued at $1.6 million, which are considered to be indefinite lived intangible assets and therefore, will not be amortized; and customer relationships valued at $700,000 with an eleven year useful life. The Company recorded $16,000 and $48,000 of amortization expense from the amortization of the customer relationships intangible during the three and six months ended November 26, 2017, respectively. The trade name/trademark intangible asset was valued using the relief from royalty valuation method and the customer relationship intangible asset was valued using the excess earnings method.

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3. | Investment in N on-public C ompany

On February 15, 2011, Apio entered into a share purchase agreement (the “Windset Purchase Agreement”) with Windset. Pursuant to the Windset Purchase Agreement, Apio purchased from Windset 150,000 Senior A preferred shares for $15 million and 201 common shares for $201. On July 15, 2014, Apio increased its investment in Windset by purchasing from the Newell Capital Corporation an additional 68 common shares and 51,211 junior preferred shares of Windset for $11 million. After this purchase, the Company’s common shares represent a 26.9% ownership interest in Windset. The Senior A preferred shares yield a cash dividend of 7.5% annually. The dividend is payable within 90 days of each anniversary of the execution of the Windset Purchase Agreement. The non-voting junior preferred stock does not yield a dividend unless declared by the Board of Directors of Windset and no such dividend has been declared.

The Shareholders’ Agreement between Apio and Windset, as amended, includes a put and call option (the “Put and Call Option”), which can be exercised on or after March 31, 2022, whereby Apio can exercise the put to sell its common, Senior A preferred shares, and junior preferred shares to Windset, or Windset can exercise the call to purchase those shares from Apio, in either case, at a price equal to 26.9% of the fair market value of Windset’s common shares, plus the liquidation value of the preferred shares of $20.1 million ($15 million for the Senior A preferred shares and $5.1 million for the junior preferred shares). Under the terms of the arrangement with Windset, the Company is entitled to designate one of five members on the Board of Directors of Windset.

On October 29, 2014, Apio further increased its investment in Windset by purchasing 70,000 shares of Senior B preferred shares for $7 million. The Senior B preferred shares pay an annual dividend of 7.5% on the amount outstanding at each anniversary date of the Windset Purchase Agreement. The Senior B preferred shares purchased by Apio have a put feature whereby Apio can sell back to Windset $1.5 million of shares on the first anniversary, an additional $2.75 million of shares on the second anniversary, and the remaining $2.75 million on the third anniversary. After the third anniversary, Apio may at any time put any or all of the shares not previously sold back to Windset. At any time on or after February 15, 2017, Windset has the right to call any or all of the outstanding common shares, but at such time must also call the same proportion of Senior A preferred shares, Senior B preferred shares, and junior preferred shares owned by Apio. Windset’s partial call provision is restricted such that a partial call cannot result in Apio holding less than 10% of Windset’s common shares outstanding.

The investment in Windset does not qualify for equity method accounting as the investment does not meet the criteria of in-substance common stock due to returns through the annual dividend on the non-voting senior preferred shares that are not available to the common stock holders. As the put and call options require all of the various shares to be put or called in equal proportions, the Company has deemed that the investment, in substance, should be treated as a single security for purposes of accounting.

The fair value of the Company’s investment in Windset was determined utilizing the Windset Purchase Agreement’s put/call calculation for value and a discounted cash flow model based on projections developed by Windset, and considers the put and call conversion options. These features impact the duration of the cash flows utilized to derive the estimated fair values of the investment. These two discounted cash flow models’ estimate for fair value are then weighted. Assumptions included in these discounted cash flow models will be evaluated quarterly based on Windset’s actual and projected operating results to determine the change in fair value.

During each of the three month periods ended November 26, 2017 and November 27, 2016, the Company recorded $412,000 in dividend income. During each of the six month periods ended November 26, 2017 and November 27, 2016, the Company recorded $825,000 in dividend income The increase in the fair market value of the Company’s investment in Windset for the six month periods ended November 26, 2017 and November 27, 2016 was $2.2 million and $0, respectively, and is included in Other income in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

4. | Stock-Based Compensation

The Company’s stock-based awards include stock option grants and RSUs. The Company records compensation expense for stock-based awards issued to employees and directors in exchange for services provided based on the estimated fair value of the awards on their grant dates and is recognized over the required service periods, generally the vesting period.

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The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation for options and RSUs (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |  |  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |
Options |  | $ | 354 |  |  | $ | 307 |  |  | $ | 678 |  |  | $ | 599 |
RSUs |  |  | 762 |  |  |  | 659 |  |  |  | 1,388 |  |  |  | 1,174 |
Total stock-based compensation |  | $ | 1,116 |  |  | $ | 966 |  |  | $ | 2,066 |  |  | $ | 1,773 |

The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation by income statement line item (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |  |  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |
Cost of sales |  | $ | 137 |  |  | $ | 124 |  |  | $ | 261 |  |  | $ | 237 |
Research and development |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 46 |
Selling, general and administrative |  |  | 956 |  |  |  | 819 |  |  |  | 1,763 |  |  |  | 1,490 |
Total stock-based compensation |  | $ | 1,116 |  |  | $ | 966 |  |  | $ | 2,066 |  |  | $ | 1,773 |

The estimated fair value for stock options, which determines the Company’s calculation of stock-based compensation expense, is based on the Black-Scholes option pricing model. RSUs are valued at the closing market price of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The Company uses the straight-line method to recognize the fair value of stock-based compensation arrangements.

As of November 26, 2017, there was $6.2 million of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested equity compensation awards granted under the Landec incentive stock plans. Total expense is expected to be recognized over the weighted-average period of 2.5 years for stock options and 2.0 years for restricted stock unit awards.

5. | Diluted Net Income Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of diluted net income per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |  |  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income applicable to Common Stockholders |  | $ | 487 |  |  | $ | 1,326 |  |  | $ | 2,633 |  |  | $ | 4,638 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares for basic net income per share |  |  | 27,518 |  |  |  | 27,249 |  |  |  | 27,512 |  |  |  | 27,234 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options and restricted stock units |  |  | 357 |  |  |  | 369 |  |  |  | 354 |  |  |  | 338 |
Weighted average shares for diluted net income per share |  |  | 27,875 |  |  |  | 27,618 |  |  |  | 27,866 |  |  |  | 27,572 |
Diluted net income per share |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 0.09 |  |  | $ | 0.17 |

For the three and six months ended November 26, 2017 the computation of the diluted net income per share excludes the impact of options to purchase 1.5 million and 1.4 million shares, respectively of Common Stock as such impacts would be antidilutive for this period.

6. | Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes for the six months ended November 26, 2017 was $1.5 million. The effective tax rate for the six months ended November 26, 2017 and November 27, 2016 was 36% and 34%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the six months ended November 26, 2017 was higher than the statutory federal income tax rate of 35% primarily due to state income taxes and incentive stock option expense; partially offset by the domestic manufacturing deduction and research and development credits. There are no significant discrete tax benefits included in the effective tax rate for the six months ended November 26, 2017.

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As of November 26, 2017 and May 28, 2017, the Company had unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $535,000 and $537,000, respectively. Included in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits as of November 26, 2017 and May 28, 2017 is approximately $433,000 and $419,000, respectively, of tax benefits that, if recognized, would result in an adjustment to the Company’s effective tax rate. The Company does not expect its unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly within the next twelve months.

The Company has elected to classify interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of its provision for income taxes. The Company has accrued an insignificant amount of interest and penalties relating to the income tax on the unrecognized tax benefits as of November 26, 2017 and May 28, 2017.

Due to tax attribute carryforwards, the Company is subject to examination for tax years 2013 forward for U.S. tax purposes. The Company is also subject to examination in various state jurisdictions for tax years 2012 forward, none of which were individually material.

Our estimated annual effective tax rate may be subject to further uncertainty due to the recent changes in U.S. tax rates and tax laws.

7. | Debt

Long-term debt, net consists of the following (in thousands):

|  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | May 28, 2017 |
Term loan with JPMorgan Chase Bank (“JPMorgan”), BMO Harris Bank N,A. (“BMO”), and City National Bank; due in quarterly principal and interest payments of $1,250 beginning December 1, 2016 through September 23, 2021 with the remainder due on maturity, with interest based on the Company’s leverage ratio at a per annum rate of the Eurodollar rate plus a spread of between 1.25% and 2.25% |  | $ | 45,000 |  |  | $ | 47,500 |
Total principal amount of long-term debt |  |  | 45,000 |  |  |  | 47,500 |
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  | (231 | ) |  |  | (261 | )
Total long-term debt, net of unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  | 44,769 |  |  |  | 47,239 |
Less: current portion of long-term debt, net |  |  | (4,940 | ) |  |  | (4,940 | )
Long-term debt, net |  | $ | 39,829 |  |  | $ | 42,299 |

On September 23, 2016, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement with JPMorgan, BMO, and City National Bank, as lenders (collectively, the “Lenders”), and JPMorgan as administrative agent, pursuant to which the Lenders provided the Company with a $100 million revolving line of credit (the “Revolver”) and a $50 million term loan facility (the “Term Loan”), guaranteed by each of the Company’s direct and indirect subsidiaries and secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets, with the exception of the Company’s investment in Windset.

Both the Revolver and the Term Loan mature in five years (on September 23, 2021), with the Term Loan providing for quarterly principal payments of $1.25 million commencing December 1, 2016, with the remainder due at maturity.

Interest on both the Revolver and the Term Loan is based on either the prime rate or Eurodollar rate, at the Company’s discretion, plus a spread based on the Company’s leverage ratio (generally defined as the ratio of the Company’s total indebtedness on such date to the Company’s consolidated EBITDA for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ended on or most recently prior to such date). The spread is at a per annum rate of (i) between 0.25% and 1.25% if the prime rate is elected or (ii) between 1.25% and 2.25% if the Eurodollar rate is elected.

The Credit Agreement provides the Company the right to increase the Revolver commitments and/or the Term Loan commitments by obtaining additional commitments either from one or more of the Lenders or another lending institution at an amount of up to $75 million.

The Credit Agreement contains customary financial covenants and events of default under which the obligation could be accelerated and/or the interest rate increased. The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants as of November 26, 2017.

On November 1, 2016, the Company entered into an interest rate swap agreement (“Swap”) with BMO at a notional amount of $50 million. The Swap has the effect of changing the Company’s Term Loan obligation from a variable interest rate to a fixed 30-day LIBOR rate of 1.22%. As of November 26, 2017, the interest rate on the Term Loan was 3.00%. For further discussion regarding the Company’s use of derivative instruments, see the Financial Instruments section of Note 1 – Organization, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies.

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In connection with the Credit Agreement, the Company incurred lender and third-party debt issuance costs of $897,000, of which $598,000 and $299,000 was allocated to the Revolver and Term Loan, respectively.

As of November 26, 2017, $10 million was outstanding on the Revolver. As of November 26, 2017, the interest rate on the Revolver was 3.00% for the $6 million under the Libor option, and 4.25% for the $4 million under the Alternative Base Rate (Prime) option.

.

8. | Stockholders’ Equity

During the three months ended November 26, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 393,000 shares of common stock and awarded 131,000 RSUs. During the six months ended November 26, 2017, the Company granted options to purchase 498,000 shares of common stock and awarded 200,000 RSUs.

As of November 26, 2017, the Company has reserved 3.2 million shares of Common Stock for future issuance under its current and former equity plans.

On July 14, 2010, the Company announced that the Board of Directors of the Company had approved the establishment of a stock repurchase plan authorizing the repurchase of up to $10 million of the Company’s common stock. The Company may repurchase its common stock from time to time in open market purchases or in privately negotiated transactions. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased is at the discretion of management of the Company and will depend on a variety of factors, including stock price, corporate and regulatory requirements, market conditions, the relative attractiveness of other capital deployment opportunities and other corporate priorities. The stock repurchase program does not obligate Landec to acquire any amount of its common stock and the program may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time at the Company's discretion without prior notice. During the fiscal year ended May 28, 2017 and the six months ended November 26, 2017, the Company did not purchase any shares on the open market.

9. | Business Segment Reporting

The Company manages its business operations through three strategic business units and an Other segment. Based upon the information reported to the chief operating decision maker, who is the Chief Executive Officer, the Company has the following reportable segments: the Packaged Fresh Vegetables segment, the Food Export segment and the Biomaterials segment.

The Packaged Fresh Vegetables segment markets and packs specialty packaged whole and fresh-cut fruit and vegetables, the majority of which incorporate the BreatheWay specialty packaging for the retail grocery, club store and food services industry. In addition, the Packaged Fresh Vegetables segment sells BreatheWay packaging to partners for fruit and vegetable products. The Food Export segment consists of revenues generated from the purchase and sale of primarily whole commodity fruit and vegetable products predominantly to Asia. The Biomaterials segment sells products utilizing hyaluronan, a naturally occurring polysaccharide that is widely distributed in the extracellular matrix of connective tissues in both animals and humans, and non-HA products for medical use primarily in the Ophthalmic, Orthopedic and other markets. Other includes licensing and R&D activities from Landec’s Intelimer polymers for agricultural products, personal care products and other industrial products and from the operations of the O Olive business which was acquired on March 1, 2017. The Other segment also includes corporate general and administrative expenses, non-Packaged Fresh Vegetables and non-Biomaterials interest income and income tax expenses. All of the assets of the Company are located within the United States of America.

The Company’s international sales by geography are based on the billing address of the customer and were as follows (in millions):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |  |  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |
Canada |  | $ | 17.5 |  |  | $ | 16.3 |  |  | $ | 35.7 |  |  | $ | 34.0 |
Taiwan |  | $ | 7.5 |  |  | $ | 11.1 |  |  | $ | 11.3 |  |  | $ | 24.9 |
Belgium |  | $ | 0.5 |  |  | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | 2.7 |  |  | $ | 6.9 |
China |  | $ | 1.1 |  |  | $ | 6.3 |  |  | $ | 1.3 |  |  | $ | 11.4 |
Indonesia |  | $ | 2.6 |  |  | $ | 3.6 |  |  | $ | 3.8 |  |  | $ | 5.1 |
Japan |  | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | 2.9 |  |  | $ | 3.2 |  |  | $ | 4.9 |
Philippines |  | $ | 0.4 |  |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  | $ | 1.0 |  |  | $ | 1.3 |
All Other Countries |  | $ | 3.2 |  |  | $ | 3.5 |  |  | $ | 4.7 |  |  | $ | 5.7 |

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Operations by business segment consisted of the following (in thousands):

Three Months Ended November 26, 2017 |  | Packaged Fresh Vegetables |  |  | Food Export |  |  | Biomaterials |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |
Net sales |  | $ | 107,152 |  |  | $ | 13,992 |  |  | $ | 14,113 |  |  | $ | 1,200 |  |  | $ | 136,457 |
International sales |  | $ | 17,708 |  |  | $ | 13,992 |  |  | $ | 2,675 |  |  | $ | 41 |  |  | $ | 34,416 |
Gross profit |  | $ | 9,445 |  |  | $ | 826 |  |  | $ | 5,217 |  |  | $ | 264 |  |  | $ | 15,752 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (270 | ) |  | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 1,260 |  |  | $ | (613 | ) |  | $ | 487 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 1,958 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 910 |  |  | $ | 112 |  |  | $ | 2,980 |
Dividend income |  | $ | 412 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 412 |
Interest income |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 42 |
Interest expense, net |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 480 |  |  | $ | 480 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | $ | (95 | ) |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 374 |  |  | $ | (103 | ) |  | $ | 207 |
Three Months Ended November 27, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  | $ | 97,978 |  |  | $ | 25,701 |  |  | $ | 11,931 |  |  | $ | 255 |  |  | $ | 135,865 |
International sales |  | $ | 16,422 |  |  | $ | 25,701 |  |  | $ | 3,831 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 45,954 |
Gross profit |  | $ | 12,001 |  |  | $ | 1,850 |  |  | $ | 4,938 |  |  | $ | 164 |  |  | $ | 18,953 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | (250 | ) |  | $ | 733 |  |  | $ | 1,312 |  |  | $ | (469 | ) |  | $ | 1,326 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 1,792 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 719 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 2,550 |
Dividend income |  | $ | 412 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 412 |
Interest income |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |
Interest expense (benefit), net |  | $ | 122 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (90 | ) |  | $ | 348 |  |  | $ | 380 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | $ | (142 | ) |  | $ | 207 |  |  | $ | 388 |  |  | $ | 240 |  |  | $ | 693 |
Six Months Ended November 26, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  | $ | 209,720 |  |  | $ | 21,568 |  |  | $ | 26,277 |  |  | $ | 2,249 |  |  | $ | 259,814 |
International sales |  | $ | 35,850 |  |  | $ | 21,568 |  |  | $ | 6,174 |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 63,665 |
Gross profit |  | $ | 24,460 |  |  | $ | 1,310 |  |  | $ | 8,739 |  |  | $ | 529 |  |  | $ | 35,038 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 3,513 |  |  | $ | (48 | ) |  | $ | 1,105 |  |  | $ | (1,937 | ) |  | $ | 2,633 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 3,930 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,775 |  |  | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | 5,934 |
Dividend income |  | $ | 825 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 825 |
Interest income |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 74 |
Interest expense, net |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 884 |  |  | $ | 884 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | $ | 1,002 |  |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | 347 |  |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 1,458 |
Six Months Ended November 27, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  | $ | 193,923 |  |  | $ | 49,040 |  |  | $ | 24,263 |  |  | $ | 1,033 |  |  | $ | 268,259 |
International sales |  | $ | 34,266 |  |  | $ | 49,040 |  |  | $ | 10,873 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 94,179 |
Gross profit |  | $ | 26,407 |  |  | $ | 2,878 |  |  | $ | 10,060 |  |  | $ | 752 |  |  | $ | 40,097 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 2,073 |  |  | $ | 928 |  |  | $ | 2,555 |  |  | $ | (918 | ) |  | $ | 4,638 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 3,612 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 1,431 |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 5,110 |
Dividend income |  | $ | 825 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 825 |
Interest income |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |
Interest expense, net |  | $ | 671 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 348 |  |  | $ | 1,032 |
Income tax expense |  | $ | 513 |  |  | $ | 262 |  |  | $ | 738 |  |  | $ | 1,069 |  |  | $ | 2,582 |

During the six months ended November 26, 2017 and November 27, 2016, sales to the Company’s top five customers accounted for 45% and 44%, respectively, of sales. The Company’s top two customers, Costco Wholesale Corporation and Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., from the Packaged Fresh Vegetables segment, accounted for 18% and 17% of revenues, respectively, for the six months ended November 26, 2017, and 17% and 13% respectively, for the six months ended November 27, 2016. The Company expects that, for the foreseeable future, a limited number of customers may continue to account for a significant portion of its revenues.

1 0. | Subsequent Events

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. Government enacted the reconciled tax reform bill, commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “TCJA”), which became effective on January 1, 2018. Among other tax related changes, the Company’s federal statutory tax rate will be reduced from 35%, to an average rate of 29% for the fiscal year ended May 27, 2018, and then 21% for fiscal years thereafter. Additionally, as of November 26, 2017, the Company had a deferred tax liability of $26.0 million based on a U.S. federal tax rate of 35%. Given the reduction in the U.S. corporate statutory tax rate, the Company will remeasure its deferred tax liability and anticipates a $7 million to $9 million benefit to its income tax expense with a corresponding reduction to its deferred tax liability. This impact will be recognized in the Company’s third fiscal quarter of 2018, which is the period the TCJA was enacted.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in Part I, Item 1, of this Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Landec’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 28, 2017.

Except for the historical information contained herein, the matters discussed in this report are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These forward-looking statements involve certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, those mentioned in this Form 10-Q and those mentioned in Landec’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 28, 2017. Landec undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements in order to reflect events or circumstances that may arise after the date of this report.

Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates

There have been no material changes to the Company's critical accounting policies which are included and described in the Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 28, 2017 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 10, 2017.

See Note 1 – Organization, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of recent accounting guidance not yet adopted.

The Company

Landec Corporation and its subsidiaries (“Landec” or the “Company”) design, develop, manufacture and sell differentiated health and wellness products for food and biomaterials markets. There continues to be a dramatic shift in consumer behavior to healthier eating habits and preventive wellness to improve quality of life. In our Apio, Inc. (“Apio”) Packaged Fresh Vegetable business, we are committed to offering healthy, fresh produce products conveniently packaged to consumers. Apio also exports whole fruit and vegetables, predominantly to Asia through its subsidiary, Cal-Ex Trading Company (“Cal-Ex”). In our Lifecore Biomedical, Inc. (“Lifecore”) biomaterials business, we commercialize products that enable people to stay more active as they grow older. In our O Olive Oil, Inc. (“O Olive”) business acquired on March 1, 2017, we sell premium California sourced specialty olive oils and wine vinegar products.

Landec’s Packaged Fresh Vegetables and Biomaterials businesses utilize polymer chemistry technology, a key differentiating factor. Both businesses focus on business-to-business selling such as selling directly to retail grocery store chains and club stores for Apio and directly to partners in the medical device and pharmaceutical markets, with a concentration in ophthalmology for Lifecore.

Landec has three operating segments – Packaged Fresh Vegetables, Food Export and Biomaterials, each of which is described below and an Other segment. The results of the O Olive business are included in the Other segment in fiscal year 2018 because they are not significant to Landec’s overall results for fiscal year 2018. Financial information concerning each of these segments is summarized in Note 9 – Business Segment Reporting.

Apio operates the Packaged Fresh Vegetables business, which combines our proprietary BreatheWay® food packaging technology with the capabilities of a large national food supplier and value-added produce processor which sells products under the Eat Smart® brand to consumers and the GreenLine® brand to foodservice operators, as well as under private labels. In Apio’s Packaged Fresh Vegetables operations, produce is processed by trimming, washing, sorting, blending, and packaging into bags and trays that in most cases incorporate Landec’s BreatheWay membrane technology. The BreatheWay membrane increases shelf-life and reduces shrink (waste) for retailers and helps to ensure that consumers receive fresh produce by the time the product makes its way through the distribution chain. Apio also generates revenue from the sale and/or use of its BreatheWay technology by partners such as Chiquita Brands International, Inc. (“Chiquita”) for packaging and distribution of bananas and berries and Windset Holding 2010 Ltd., a Canadian corporation (“Windset”), for packaging of greenhouse grown cucumbers and peppers.

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Apio also operates the Food Export business. The Food Export business purchases and sells whole fruit and vegetable commodities predominantly to Asian markets.

Lifecore operates our Biomaterials business and is involved in the development and manufacture of pharmaceutical-grade sodium hyaluronate (“HA”) products and providing contract development and aseptic manufacturing services. Sodium hyaluronate is a naturally occurring polysaccharide that is widely distributed in the extracellular matrix in animals and humans. Based upon Lifecore’s expertise working with highly viscous HA, the Company specializes in fermentation and aseptic formulation, filling, and packaging services, as a contract development and manufacturing organization (“CDMO”), for difficult to handle (viscous) medicines filled in finished dose vials and syringes.

O Olive was acquired on March 1, 2017. O Olive, founded in 1995, is based in Petaluma, California, and is a premier producer of California specialty olive oils and wine vinegars. Its products are sold in over 4,600 natural food, conventional grocery and mass retail stores, primarily in the United States and Canada.

Landec was incorporated in California on October 31, 1986 and reincorporated as a Delaware corporation on November 6, 2008. Our common stock is listed on The NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “LNDC”. The Company’s principal executive offices are located at 5201 Great America Parkway, Suite 232, Santa Clara, California 95054, and the telephone number is (650) 306-1650.

Description of Core Business

Landec operates its business in three core business segments: Packaged Fresh Vegetables, Food Export and Biomaterials, and it has an Other segment.

Packaged Fresh Vegetable s Business

Based in Guadalupe, California, Apio’s primary business is fresh-cut and whole vegetable products primarily packaged in proprietary BreatheWay packaging. The Packaged Fresh Vegetables business markets a variety of fresh-cut and whole vegetables to the top retail grocery chains, club stores, and food service operators. During the fiscal year ended May 28, 2017, Apio shipped approximately 26 million cartons of produce to its customers throughout North America, primarily in the United States.

There are four major distinguishing characteristics of Apio that provide competitive advantages in the Packaged Fresh Vegetables market:

| (1) | Packaged Vegetables Supplier: Apio has structured its business as a marketer and seller of branded and private label blended, fresh-cut and whole vegetable products. It is focused on selling products primarily under its Eat Smart brand, with some sales under its GreenLine brand and private label brands. As retail grocery chains, club stores and food service operators consolidate, Apio is well positioned as a single source of a broad range of products.

| (2) | Nationwide Processing and Distribution: Apio has strategically invested in its Packaged Fresh Vegetables business. Apio’s largest processing plant is in Guadalupe, CA, and is automated with state-of-the-art vegetable processing equipment in one of the lowest cost, growing regions in California, the Santa Maria Valley. With the acquisition of GreenLine in 2012, Apio added three East Coast processing facilities and five East Coast distribution centers for nationwide delivery of all of its packaged vegetable products in order to meet the next-day delivery needs of customers.

| (3) | Expanded Product Line Using Technology and Unique Blends: Apio, through the use of its BreatheWay packaging technology, is introducing new packaged vegetable products each year. These new product offerings range from various sizes of fresh-cut bagged products, to vegetable trays, to whole produce, to vegetable salads and to snack packs.

| (4) | Produc ts Currently in Approximately 70% of North American Retail Grocery Stores: Apio has products in approximately 70% of all North American retail grocery stores. This gives Apio the opportunity to sell new products to existing customers and to increase distribution of its approximately 120 unique products within those customers.

Most vegetable products packaged in Apio’s BreatheWay packaging have an approximate 17 day shelf-life. In addition to packaging innovation, Apio has developed innovative blends and combinations of vegetables that are sold in flexible film bags or rigid trays. More recently, Apio has launched a family of salad kits that are comprised of “superfood” mixtures of vegetables with healthy toppings and dressings. The first salad kit to launch under the Eat Smart® brand was Sweet Kale Salad, which now has significant distribution throughout club and retail stores in North America. Additionally, we have launched under the Eat Smart brand several other superfood salad kits including Wild Greens and Quinoa, Beets and Greens, Southwest Salad, and Asian Sesame and more recently a new line of single serve salads under our new Salad Shake-Ups!™ brand. The Company’s expertise includes accessing leading culinary experts and nutritionists nationally to help in the new product development process. We believe that the Company’s new products are “on trend” and strong market acceptance supports this belief. Recent statistics show that more than two-thirds of adults are considered to be overweight or obese and more than one-third of adults are considered to be obese. More and more consumers are beginning to make better food choices in their schools, homes, and in restaurants and that is where the superfood products can fit into consumers’ daily healthy food choices.

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In addition to proprietary packaging technology and a strong new product development pipeline, the Company has strong channels of distribution throughout North America with retail grocery store chains and club stores. Landec has one or more of its products in approximately 7 0% of all retail and club store sites in the U.S. giving it a strong platform for introducing new products.

The Company sells its products under its nationally-known brand Eat Smart to retail and club stores and its GreenLine brand to foodservice operators. The Company also periodically licenses its BreatheWay packaging technology to partners such as Chiquita for packaging bananas and berries, and Windset for packaging peppers and cucumbers that are grown hydroponically in greenhouses. These packaging license relationships generate revenues either from product sales or royalties once commercialized. The Company is engaged in the testing and development of other BreatheWay products. Landec manufactures its BreatheWay packaging through selected qualified contract manufacturers.

Windset

The Company believes that hydroponically-grown produce using Windset’s know-how and growing practices will result in higher yields with competitive growing costs that will provide dependable year-round supply to Windset’s customers. In addition, the produce grown in Windset’s greenhouses uses significantly less water than field grown crops and has a very high safety profile as no soil is used in the growing process. Windset owns and operates greenhouses in British Columbia, Canada and in Nevada and California. In addition to growing produce in its own greenhouses, Windset has numerous marketing arrangements with other greenhouse growers and utilizes buy/sell arrangements to meet fluctuation in demand from their customers.

On March 15, 2017, the Company and Windset agreed to extend their relationship through March 31, 2022.

See Note 3 – Investment in Non-public Company of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion about the Company’s 26.9% minority ownership interest in Windset.

Food Export Business

Food Export revenues consist of revenues generated from the purchase and sale of primarily whole commodity fruit and vegetable products primarily to Asia through Apio’s export company, Cal-Ex. The Food Export business is a buy/sell business that realizes an average gross margin from 5-10%.

Biomaterials Business

Lifecore uses its fermentation process and aseptic formulation and filling expertise to be a leader in the development of HA-based products for multiple applications and to take advantage of non-HA device and drug opportunities which leverage its expertise in manufacturing and aseptic syringe filling capabilities. Elements of Lifecore’s strategy include the following:

| (1) | Establish strategic relationships with market leaders: Lifecore will continue to develop applications for products with partners who have strong marketing, sales, and distribution capabilities to end-user markets. Through its strong reputation and history of providing pharmaceutical grade HA and products, Lifecore has been able to establish long-term relationships with the market leading ophthalmic surgical companies, and leverages those partnerships to attract new relationships in other medical markets.

| (2) | Expand medical applications for HA: Due to the growing knowledge of the unique characteristics of HA, and the role it plays in normal physiology, Lifecore continues to identify opportunities for the use of HA in other medical applications, such as wound care, aesthetic surgery, drug delivery, device coatings, and through pharmaceutical sales to academic and corporate research customers.

| (3) | Utilize manufacturing infrastructure to pursue contract aseptic filling and fermentation opportunities: Lifecore has made strategic capital investments in its contract manufacturing and development business focusing on extending its aseptic filling capacity and capabilities. It is investing in this segment to meet increasing partner demand and attract new contract filling opportunities. Lifecore is using its manufacturing capabilities to provide contract manufacturing and development services to its partners in the area of sterile pre-filled syringes and fermentation and purification requirements.

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| (4) | Maintain flexibility in product development and supply relationships: Lifecore’s vertically integrated development and manufacturing capabilities allow it to establish a variety of contractual relationships with global corporate partners. Lifecore’s role in these relationships extends from supplying HA raw materials to providing tech transfer and development services to manufacturing aseptically-packaged, finished sterile products, and to assuming full supply chain responsibilities.

Other

Included in the Other segment is Corporate and O Olive. The Company acquired O Olive on March 1, 2017. O Olive, founded in 1995, is based in Petaluma, California, and is the premier producer of California specialty olive oils and wine vinegars. Its products are sold in over 4,600 natural food, conventional grocery and mass retail stores, primarily in the United States and Canada.

Results of Operations

Revenues (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |  |  | Change |  |  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |  |  | Change |
Packaged Fresh Vegetables |  | $ | 107,152 |  |  | $ | 97,978 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  | $ | 209,720 |  |  | $ | 193,923 |  |  |  | 8 | %
Food Export |  |  | 13,992 |  |  |  | 25,701 |  |  |  | (46 | %) |  |  | 21,568 |  |  |  | 49,040 |  |  |  | (56 | %)
Total Apio |  |  | 121,144 |  |  |  | 123,679 |  |  |  | (2 | %) |  |  | 231,288 |  |  |  | 242,963 |  |  |  | (5 | %)
Biomaterials |  |  | 14,113 |  |  |  | 11,931 |  |  |  | 18 | % |  |  | 26,277 |  |  |  | 24,263 |  |  |  | 8 | %
Other |  |  | 1,200 |  |  |  | 255 |  |  |  | 371 | % |  |  | 2,249 |  |  |  | 1,033 |  |  |  | 118 | %
Total Revenues |  | $ | 136,457 |  |  | $ | 135,865 |  |  |  | 0 | % |  | $ | 259,814 |  |  | $ | 268,259 |  |  |  | (3 | %)

Packaged Fresh Vegetables (Apio)

Apio’s Packaged Fresh Vegetables revenues consist of revenues generated from the sale of specialty packaged fresh-cut and whole processed vegetable products that are washed and packaged in Apio’s proprietary packaging and sold under the Eat Smart and GreenLine brands and various private labels. In addition, the Packaged Fresh Vegetables revenues include the revenues generated from Apio Cooling, LP, a vegetable cooling operation in which Apio is the general partner with a 60% ownership position and from the sale of BreatheWay packaging to license partners.

The increase in Apio’s Packaged Fresh Vegetables revenues for the three and six months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same periods last year was primarily due to a 5% increase in unit volume sales with all of the increase in revenues coming from increased sales of our salad products which are higher priced products compared to the Company’s lower priced core products whose sales were essentially flat for the three and six months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same periods last year.

Food Export (Apio)

Apio’s Food Export revenues consist of revenues generated from the purchase and sale of primarily whole commodity fruit and vegetable products to Asia by Cal-Ex. Apio records revenue equal to the sale price to third parties because it takes title to the product while in transit.

The decrease in Apio’s Food Export revenues for the three and six months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same periods last year was due to a 49% and 58%, respectively, decrease in unit volume sales due to the Company’s strategic decision during fiscal year 2017 to discontinue its lower-margin export fruit business, a large majority of which is typically sold during the first half of our fiscal year.

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Biomaterials (Lifecore)

Lifecore principally generates revenue through the sale of products containing HA. Lifecore primarily sells products to customers in three medical areas: (1) Ophthalmic, which represented approximately 65% of Lifecore’s revenues in fiscal year 2017, (2) Orthopedic, which represented approximately 15% of Lifecore’s revenues in fiscal year 2017, and (3) Other/Non-HA products, which represented approximately 20% of Lifecore’s revenues in fiscal year 2017.

The increase in Lifecore’s revenues for the three months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same period last year was due to a $1.8 million increase in business development revenues primarily from new customers and a $830,000 increase in aseptic filling revenues due to new commercial aseptic business and an increase in sales to existing customers, partially offset by a $489,000 decrease in fermentation sales due primarily to the timing of shipments within the fiscal year.

The increase in Lifecore’s revenues for the six months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same period last year was due to a $2.2 million increase in business development revenues primarily from new customers and a $3.5 million increase in aseptic filling revenues due to new commercial aseptic business and an increase in sales to existing customers, partially offset by a $3.7 million decrease in fermentation sales due primarily to the timing of shipments within the fiscal year.

Other

Other revenues for the three and six months ended November 27, 2016 are generated from the licensing agreements with corporate partners and for the three and six months ended November 26, 2017 from the sale of olive oils and vinegars by O Olive.

The increase in Other revenues for the three and six months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same periods last year was due to $1.2 million and $2.2 million, respectively, of revenues from O Olive that was acquired on March 1, 2017 compared to $255,000 and 1.0 million, respectively, in revenues for the three and six months ended November 27, 2016 from two license agreements that were completed in August 2016 and December 2016, respectively.

Gross Profit (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |  |  | Change |  |  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |  |  | Change |
Packaged Fresh Vegetables |  | $ | 9,445 |  |  | $ | 12,001 |  |  |  | (21 | %) |  | $ | 24,460 |  |  | $ | 26,407 |  |  |  | (7 | %)
Food Export |  |  | 826 |  |  |  | 1,850 |  |  |  | (55 | %) |  |  | 1,310 |  |  |  | 2,878 |  |  |  | (54 | %)
Total Apio |  |  | 10,271 |  |  |  | 13,851 |  |  |  | (26 | %) |  |  | 25,770 |  |  |  | 29,285 |  |  |  | (12 | %)
Biomaterials |  |  | 5,217 |  |  |  | 4,938 |  |  |  | 6 | % |  |  | 8,739 |  |  |  | 10,060 |  |  |  | (13 | %)
Corporate |  |  | 264 |  |  |  | 164 |  |  |  | 61 | % |  |  | 529 |  |  |  | 752 |  |  |  | (30 | %)
Total Gross Profit |  | $ | 15,752 |  |  | $ | 18,953 |  |  |  | (17 | %) |  | $ | 35,038 |  |  | $ | 40,097 |  |  |  | (13 | %)

General

There are numerous factors that can influence gross profit including product mix, customer mix, manufacturing costs, volume, sales discounts and charges for excess or obsolete inventory, to name a few. Many of these factors influence or are interrelated with other factors. The Company includes in cost of sales all of the costs related to the sale of products in accordance with GAAP. These costs include the following: raw materials (including produce, seeds, packaging, syringes and fermentation and purification supplies), direct labor, overhead (including indirect labor, depreciation, and facility-related costs) and shipping and shipping-related costs. The following are the primary reasons for the changes in gross profit for the three and six months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same period last year as outlined in the table above.

Packaged Fresh Vegetables (Apio)

The decrease in gross profit for Apio’s Packaged Fresh Vegetables business for the three and six months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same periods last year was primarily due to $3.9 million of incremental produce sourcing costs during the second fiscal quarter of 2018 resulting from hurricanes and tropical storms which negatively impacted produce yields and quality. These incremental produce sourcing costs were partially offset by gross profit on higher salad sales.

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Food Export (Apio)

Apio’s Food Export business is a buy/sell business that realizes an average gross margin from 5-10%. The decrease in gross profit for Apio’s Food Export business during the three and six months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same periods last year was primarily due to a 46% and 56%, respectively, decrease in revenues due to transitioning away from low-margin export fruit business.

Biomaterials (Lifecore)

The increase in Lifecore’s gross profit for the three months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same period last year was lower than the 18% increase in revenues primarily due to the timing of production within the fiscal year which resulted in the absorption of overhead into inventory being lower in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 compared to the same period last year.

The decrease in Lifecore’s gross profit for the six months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same period last year was a result of an unfavorable product mix change to a higher percentage of revenues coming from lower margin aseptically filled product sales than from higher margin fermentation sales during the same period last year. Gross profit also decreased because of the timing of production and thus overhead absorption within the fiscal year. These decreases were partially offset by gross profit realized on higher revenues.

Other

The increase in Other gross profit for the three months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same period last year was due to the $264,000 of gross profit for the three months ended November 26, 2017 from O Olive (which was acquired on March 1, 2017) being more than the gross profit from two license agreements for the same period last year because one of the licensing agreements was completed in the first quarter (August) of last year and therefore generated no revenue during the second quarter of last year and the other was completed during early in the third quarter (December) of last year.

The decrease in Other gross profit for the six months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same period last year was due to the $529,000 of gross profit for the six months ended November 26, 2017 from O Olive (which was acquired on March 1, 2017) being less than the gross profit from two license agreements for the same period last year which were completed in August 2016 and December 2016, respectively.

Operating Expenses (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |  |  | Change |  |  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |  |  | Change |
Research and Development: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Apio |  | $ | 1,457 |  |  | $ | 286 |  |  |  | 409 | % |  | $ | 2,466 |  |  | $ | 523 |  |  |  | 372 | %
Lifecore |  |  | 1,334 |  |  |  | 1,333 |  |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 2,702 |  |  |  | 2,665 |  |  |  | 1 | %
Other |  |  | 581 |  |  |  | 346 |  |  |  | 68 | % |  |  | 923 |  |  |  | 715 |  |  |  | 29 | %
Total R&D |  |  | 3,372 |  |  |  | 1,965 |  |  |  | 72 | % |  |  | 6,091 |  |  |  | 3,903 |  |  |  | 56 | %
Selling, General and Administrative: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Apio |  |  | 8,505 |  |  |  | 9,788 |  |  |  | (13 | %) |  |  | 17,340 |  |  |  | 19,349 |  |  |  | (10 | %)
Lifecore |  |  | 1,428 |  |  |  | 1,304 |  |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | 2,943 |  |  |  | 2,710 |  |  |  | 9 | %
Other |  |  | 3,001 |  |  |  | 2,632 |  |  |  | 14 | % |  |  | 6,696 |  |  |  | 5,401 |  |  |  | 24 | %
Total SG&A |  | $ | 12,934 |  |  | $ | 13,724 |  |  |  | (6 | %) |  | $ | 26,979 |  |  | $ | 27,460 |  |  |  | (2 | %)

Research and Development

Landec’s Research and Development (“R&D”) consisted primarily of product development and commercialization initiatives. R&D efforts at Apio are focused on new product innovation and the Company’s proprietary BreatheWay membranes used for packaging produce, with a focus on extending the shelf-life of sensitive vegetables and fruit. In the Lifecore business, the R&D efforts are focused on new products and applications for HA-based and non-HA biomaterials. For Other, the R&D efforts are primarily focused on supporting the development and commercialization of new products and new technologies in the Company’s new natural food business.

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The Company’s ability to compete successfully depends heavily upon its ability to ensure a continual and timely flow of innovative and competitive products, services, and technologies to the marketplace. The Company continues to develop new products and to expand the range of its product offerings through R&D.

R&D expenses include expenditures for new product and manufacturing process innovation, or a significant improvement to an existing product or process, which consist of expenses incurred in performing R&D activities, including compensation and benefits for R&D employees, facilities expenses, overhead expenses, cost of laboratory and innovation supplies, third-party formulation expenses, fees paid to contract research organizations and other consultants, stock-based compensation for R&D employees, and other outside expenses.

The increase in R&D expenses for the three and six months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same periods last year was due to a significant increase in product development activities at Apio driven primarily from the hiring of a VP of Innovation and R&D during the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2017 and the subsequent staff hiring in that department, coupled with an increase in product development activities in Apio’s marketing department.

Selling, General and Administrative

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses consist primarily of sales and marketing expenses associated with Landec’s product sales and services, business development expenses, and staff and administrative expenses.

The decrease in SG&A expenses for the three and six months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same periods last year was due to a decrease in SG&A at Apio as a result of (1) a decrease in marketing expenses, (2) legal fees and legal settlement costs incurred during the three and six months ended November 27, 2016 of last year from the labor-related lawsuits settled during fiscal year 2017 and (3) a reversal of a portion of the annual bonus at the end of the second quarter of fiscal 2018 due to actual year-to-date results being lower than budget. The decrease at Apio was partially offset by an increase in SG&A expenses in Other resulting from an increase in stock-based compensation from equity grants during the first six months of fiscal 2018, from new business development activities and from $343,000 and $729,000, respectively, of SG&A expenses for the three and six months ended November 26, 2017 incurred by O Olive which was acquired on March 1, 2017. These increases in SG&A in Other was partially offset by a $500,000 reduction in SG&A from a reduction in the contingent consideration liability associated with the O Olive acquisition.

Other (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Six Months Ended |
|  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |  |  | Change |  |  | November 26, 2017 |  |  | November 27, 2016 |  |  | Change |
Dividend Income |  | $ | 412 |  |  | $ | 412 |  |  |  | 0 | % |  | $ | 825 |  |  | $ | 825 |  |  |  | 0 | %
Interest Income |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 950 | % |  |  | 74 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 957 | %
Interest Expense |  |  | (480 | ) |  |  | (380 | ) |  |  | 26 | % |  |  | (884 | ) |  |  | (1,032 | ) |  |  | (14% | )
Loss on Debt Refinancing |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,233 | ) |  | N/M |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,223 | ) |  | N/M |
Other Income |  |  | 1,300 |  |  |  | — |  |  | N/M |  |  |  | 2,200 |  |  |  | — |  |  | N/M |
Income Tax Expense |  |  | (207 | ) |  |  | (693 | ) |  |  | (70% | ) |  |  | (1,458 | ) |  |  | (2,582 | ) |  |  | (44% | )
Non-controlling Interest Expense |  |  | (26 | ) |  |  | (48 | ) |  |  | (46% | ) |  |  | (92 | ) |  |  | (81 | ) |  |  | 14 | %

Dividend Income

Dividend income is derived from the dividends accrued on the Company’s $22 million senior preferred stock investment in Windset which yields a cash dividend of 7.5% annually. There was no change in dividend income for the three and six months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same periods last year.

Interest Income

The increase in interest income for the three and six months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same periods last year was not significant.

Interest Expense

The increase in interest expense for the three months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to lower capitalization of interest for long-term capital projects during the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 compared to the second quarter of fiscal year 2017.

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The decrease in interest expense for the six months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same period last year was primarily due to the refinancing of the Company’s debt during the second quarter of fiscal year 2017 which resulted in a lower average interest rate on the Company’s debt since then.

Loss on Debt Refinancing

The loss on debt refinancing for the three and six months ended November 27, 2016 was primarily due to the one-time write-off of unamortized debt issuance costs and early debt extinguishment prepayment penalties on the Company’s then existing debt as of September 23, 2016.

Other Income

The increase in other income for the three and six months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same periods last year was a result of the change in the fair value of the Company’s investment in Windset which increased $1.3 million and $2.2 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended November 26, 2017.

Income Taxes

The decrease in the income tax expense during the three and six months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same periods last year was due to a 65% and 43%, respectively, decrease in pre-tax income for the three and six months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same periods last year.

Non-controlling Interest

The non-controlling interest consists of the limited partners’ equity interest in the net income of Apio Cooling, LP. The change in the non-controlling interest for the three and six months ended November 26, 2017 compared to the same periods last year was not significant.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of November 26, 2017, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $4.4 million, a net decrease of $1.0 million from $5.4 million as of May 28, 2017.

Cash Flow from Operating Activities

Landec generated $4.3 million of net cash from operating activities during the six months ended November 26, 2017, compared to $5.5 million of net cash generated from operating activities for the same period last year. The primary sources of net cash from operating activities during the six months ended November 26, 2017 were from (1) $2.7 million of net income, (2) $8.0 million of depreciation/amortization and stock based compensation expenses, and (3) a $1.4 million net increase in deferred tax liabilities. These sources of cash were offset by a $2.2 million increase in the fair market value of the Company’s Windset investment, a non-cash increase to income and from a net increase of $5.4 million in working capital.

The primary factors which increased working capital during the first six months of fiscal year 2018 were (1) a $9.3 million increase in accounts receivable due to a $6.5 million increase in accounts receivable at Apio due to sales in November 2017 being $5.9 million higher than May 2017 and a $3.0 million increase in accounts receivable at Lifecore due to sales in November 2017 being $1.5 million higher than May 2017 and the timing of collections at the end of the second quarter of fiscal year 2017, (2) a $5.5 million increase in inventories due primarily to a $2.4 million increase at Apio from an increase in raw materials for expected increases in salad sales during the third quarter and from a $2.7 million increase at Lifecore as it builds its inventory for a large volume of shipments during the third quarter of fiscal year 2018, and (3) a $2.3 million decrease in other accrued liabilities due to legal settlement payments made during the first six months of fiscal year 2018. The increases in working capital were partially offset by a $11.6 million increase in accounts payable due primarily to a $10.8 million increase at Apio due to a $8.6 million increase in cost of sales in November 2017 compared to May of 2017 and from the timing of payments.

Cash Flow from Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the six months ended November 26, 2017 was $9.5 million compared to $4.7 million for the same period last year. The primary uses of cash in investing activities during the first six months of fiscal year 2018 were for the purchase of $7.4 million of equipment, primarily to support the growth of the Apio Packaged Fresh Vegetables and Lifecore businesses and from the issuance of a $2.1 million note receivable.

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Cash Flow from Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended November 26, 2017 was $4.1 million compared to net cash used in financing activities of $8.1 million for the same period last year. The net cash provided by financing activities during the first six months of fiscal year 2018 was due to $7.0 million of net borrowings under the Company’s line of credit. These borrowings were partially offset by $2.5 million of payments on the Company’s long-term debt.

Capital Expenditures

During the six months ended November 26, 2017, Landec purchased equipment to support the growth of the Apio Packaged Fresh Vegetables and Lifecore businesses. These expenditures represented the majority of the $7.4 million of capital expenditures in the period.

Debt

On September 23, 2016, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement with JPMorgan, BMO, and City National Bank, as lenders (collectively, the “Lenders”), and JPMorgan as administrative agent, pursuant to which the Lenders provided the Company with a $100 million revolving line of credit (the “Revolver”) and a $50 million term loan facility (the “Term Loan”), guaranteed by each of the Company’s direct and indirect subsidiaries and secured by substantially all of the Company’s assets, with the exception of the Company’s investment in Windset.

Both the Revolver and the Term Loan mature in five years (on September 23, 2021), with the Term Loan providing for quarterly principal payments of $1.25 million commencing December 1, 2016, with the remainder due at maturity.

See Note 7 – Debt of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the Company’s debt arrangements.

Landec believes that its cash from operations, along with existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to finance its operational and capital requirements for at least the next twelve months.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures A bout Market Risk

There have been no material changes to the Company's market risk during the first six months of fiscal year 2018.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management evaluated, with participation of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed in reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission, and are effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the Company in such reports is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in internal controls over financial reporting during the fiscal quarter ended November 26, 2017 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal controls over financial reporting.

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Part II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in various legal proceedings and claims.

The Company makes a provision for a liability relating to legal matters when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These provisions are reviewed at least each fiscal quarter and adjusted to reflect the impacts of negotiations, estimate settlements, legal rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter. Legal fees are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.

Apio has been the target of a union organizing campaign which has included two unsuccessful attempts to unionize Apio's Guadalupe, California processing plant. The campaign has involved a union and over 100 former and current employees of Pacific Harvest, Inc. and Rancho Harvest, Inc. (collectively "Pacific Harvest"), Apio's labor contractors at its Guadalupe, California processing facility, bringing legal actions before various state and federal agencies, the California Superior Court, and initiating over 100 individual arbitrations against Apio and Pacific Harvest.

The legal actions consist of three main types of claims: (1) Unfair Labor Practice claims ("ULPs") before the National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB”), (2) discrimination/wrongful termination claims before state and federal agencies and in individual arbitrations, and (3) wage and hour claims as part of two Private Attorney General Act (“PAGA”) cases in state court and in over 100 individual arbitrations.

A settlement of the ULPs among the union, Apio, and Pacific Harvest that were pending before the NLRB was approved on December 27, 2016 for $310,000. Apio was responsible for half of this settlement, or $155,000. On May 5, 2017, the parties to the remaining actions executed a settlement agreement concerning the discrimination/wrongful termination claims and the wage and hour claims which covers all non-exempt employees of Pacific Harvest working at Apio's Guadalupe, California processing facility from September 2011 through the settlement date. Under the settlement agreement, the plaintiffs are to be paid $6.0 million in three installments: $2.4 million, which was paid on July 3, 2017, $1.8 million which was paid on November 22, 2017 and $1.8 million which is due in July 2018. The Company and Pacific Harvest have each agreed to pay one half of the settlement payments. The Company paid the entire first two installments of $4.2 million and will be reimbursed by Pacific Harvest for its $2.1 million portion which is included in Other assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. This receivable will be repaid through monthly payments until fully paid, which the Company expects to occur by December 2020. The Company and Pacific Harvest will both make one half of the third installment in July 2018. The Company’s recourse against non-payment by Pacific Harvest is its security interest in assets owned by Pacific Harvest.

As of November 26, 2017 and May 28, 2017, the Company had accrued $1.0 million and $3.2 million, respectively, related to these actions, which is included in Other accrued liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our estimated annual effective tax rate may be subject to further uncertainty due to the recent changes in U.S. tax rates and tax laws. Other than this item, there have been no significant changes to the Company's risk factors which are included and described in the Form10-K for the fiscal year ended May 28, 2017 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 10, 2017.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities or shares repurchased by the Company during the fiscal quarter ended on November 26, 2017.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number | Exhibit Title
31.1+ | CEO Certification pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2+ | CFO Certification pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1+ | CEO Certification pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2+ | CFO Certification pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS** | XBRL Instance
101.SCH** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation
101.DEF** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition
101.LAB** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels
101.PRE** | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation
+ | Filed herewith.
** XBRL | information is furnished and not filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

| LANDEC CORPORATION |
| By: | /s/ Gregory S. Skinner |
|  | Gregory S. Skinner
|  | Vice President Finance and Chief Financial Officer
|  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) |

Date: January 5, 2018

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