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Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Quarter Ended November 24, 2024, or
☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition period for _________ to _________.
Commission file number: 000-27446
LIFECORE BIOMEDICAL, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 94-3025618
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (IRS Employer Identification Number)

3515 Lyman Boulevard |
Chaska, | Minnesota | 55318
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

(952) 368-4300
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.001 per share |  | LFCR |  | The NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Accelerated Filer | ☒ | Emerging Growth Company | ☐
Non Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Smaller Reporting Company | ☒ |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
As of December 26, 2024, there were 37,025,331 shares of common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents
LIFECORE BIOMEDICAL, INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX

|  | Page
Part I. | Financial Information |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of November 24, 2024 and May 26, 2024 | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended November 24, 2024 and November 26, 2023 | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Convertible Preferred Stock and S tock holders’ Equity (Deficit) for the Three and Six Months Ended November 24, 2024 and November 26, 2023 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended November 24, 20 24 and November 26, 2023 | 4
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 5
| 1 | Organization, Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 5
| 2 | Revenue | 7
| 3 | Restructuring Costs | 7
| 4 | Earnings Per Share | 8
| 5 | Fair Value Measurements | 9
| 6 | Contract Assets and Liabilities | 10
| 7 | Accounts Receivable | 11
| 8 | Inventorie s, net | 11
| 9 | Property, Plant, and Equipmen t,ne t | 12
| 10 | Long-term D ebt | 13
| 11 | Leases | 14
| 12 | Stock-based Compensation | 15
| 13 | Convertible Preferred Stock and Common Stock | 16
| 14 | Income Taxes | 17
| 15 | Commitments and Contingencies | 17
| 16 | Discontinued Operations | 19
| 17 | Subsequent Events | 19
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 21
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 28
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 28
Part II. | Other Information | 30
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 30
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 30
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 30
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 30
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 30
Item 5. | Other Information | 30
Item 6. | Exhibits | 31
| Signatures | 32

i

Table of Contents
PAR T I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial statements (unaudited)
LIFECORE BIOMEDICAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

| November 24, 2024 |  | May 26, 2024
| (unaudited) |  |
ASSETS
Current Assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 9,455 |  |  | $ | 8,462 |
Accounts receivable, less allowance for credit losses | 20,177 |  |  | 20,343 |
Accounts receivable, related party | 10,126 |  |  | 10,810 |
Inventories, net | 39,214 |  |  | 39,979 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 2,886 |  |  | 1,439 |
Total Current Assets | 81,858 |  |  | 81,033 |
Property, plant, and equipment, net | 150,576 |  |  | 149,165 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 2,304 |  |  | 2,442 |
Goodwill | 13,881 |  |  | 13,881 |
Intangible assets, net | 4,200 |  |  | 4,200 |
Other long-term assets | 2,567 |  |  | 3,239 |
Total Assets | $ | 255,386 |  |  | $ | 253,960 |
LIABILITIES, CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK, AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current Liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 14,967 |  |  | $ | 16,334 |
Accrued compensation | 4,631 |  |  | 6,165 |
Other accrued liabilities | 9,866 |  |  | 9,354 |
Current portion of lease liabilities | 4,116 |  |  | 4,133 |
Deferred revenues | 426 |  |  | 1,088 |
Deferred revenues, related party | 511 |  |  | 1,025 |
Current portion of long-term debt, related party | 773 |  |  | 773 |
Total Current Liabilities | 35,290 |  |  | 38,872 |
Long-term debt, less current portion, net, related party | 110,528 |  |  | 100,819 |
Revolving credit facility | 8,500 |  |  | 19,691 |
Debt derivative liability, related party | 23,300 |  |  | 25,400 |
Long-term lease liabilities, less current portion | 7,423 |  |  | 4,944 |
Deferred taxes, net | 552 |  |  | 543 |
Deferred revenues, less current portion, related party | 4,880 |  |  | 4,703 |
Other non-current liabilities | 5,153 |  |  | 5,086 |
Total Liabilities | 195,626 |  |  | 200,058 |
Commitments and Contingencies, see Note 15 |  |  |
Convertible Preferred Stock, $0.001 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; 44,068 and 42,461 shares issued and outstanding, redemption value $44,619 and $42,991 | 44,311 |  |  | 42,587 |
Stockholders’ Equity: |  |  |
Common Stock, $0.001 par value; 75,000,000 and 50,000,000 shares authorized; 36,980,790 and 30,562,961 shares issued and outstanding | 37 |  |  | 30 |
Additional paid-in capital | 206,868 |  |  | 177,808 |
Accumulated deficit | (191,456) |  |  | (166,523) |
Total Stockholders’ Equity | 15,449 |  |  | 11,315 |
Total Liabilities, Convertible Preferred Stock, and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | 255,386 |  |  | $ | 253,960 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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LIFECORE BIOMEDICAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited) (In thousands, except share and per share values)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023 |  | November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023
Revenues | $ | 19,534 |  |  | $ | 20,522 |  |  | $ | 36,327 |  |  | $ | 37,475 |
Revenues, related party | 13,030 |  |  | 9,628 |  |  | 20,942 |  |  | 17,197 |
Total Revenues | 32,564 |  |  | 30,150 |  |  | 57,269 |  |  | 54,672 |
Cost of goods sold | 21,480 |  |  | 20,193 |  |  | 40,798 |  |  | 41,987 |
Gross profit | 11,084 |  |  | 9,957 |  |  | 16,471 |  |  | 12,685 |
Operating costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 1,924 |  |  | 2,098 |  |  | 4,110 |  |  | 4,244 |
Selling, general, and administrative | 11,119 |  |  | 9,342 |  |  | 25,904 |  |  | 18,538 |
Total operating costs and expenses | 13,043 |  |  | 11,440 |  |  | 30,014 |  |  | 22,782 |
Operating loss | (1,959) |  |  | (1,483) |  |  | (13,543) |  |  | (10,097) |
Interest expense, net | (842) |  |  | (832) |  |  | (1,810) |  |  | (1,625) |
Interest expense, related party | (4,623) |  |  | (3,241) |  |  | (9,023) |  |  | (6,385) |
Change in fair value of debt derivative liability, related party | 1,200 |  |  | 20,700 |  |  | 2,100 |  |  | 20,900 |
Other expense, net | (304) |  |  | (967) |  |  | (507) |  |  | (1,138) |
(Loss) income from continuing operations before income taxes | (6,528) |  |  | 14,177 |  |  | (22,783) |  |  | 1,655 |
Income tax (expense) benefit | (43) |  |  | 65 |  |  | (18) |  |  | (23) |
(Loss) income from continuing operations | (6,571) |  |  | 14,242 |  |  | (22,801) |  |  | 1,632 |
(Loss) income from discontinued operations | — |  |  | (24) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,832 |
Net (loss) income | (6,571) |  |  | 14,218 |  |  | (22,801) |  |  | 3,464 |
Fair value of conversion ratio improvement to preferred stockholders | (2,132) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,132) |  |  | — |
(Loss) income available to common stockholders | $ | (8,703) |  |  | $ | 14,218 |  |  | $ | (24,933) |  |  | $ | 3,464 |
Basic income or loss per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Loss) income from continuing operations available to common stockholders | $ | (0.25) |  |  | $ | 0.47 |  |  | $ | (0.76) |  |  | $ | 0.05 |
Income from discontinued operations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.06 |
Basic (loss) income per share | $ | (0.25) |  |  | $ | 0.47 |  |  | $ | (0.76) |  |  | $ | 0.11 |
Diluted income or loss per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(Loss) income from continuing operations available to common stockholders | $ | (0.25) |  |  | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | (0.76) |  |  | $ | 0.05 |
Income from discontinued operations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.05 |
Diluted (loss) income per share | $ | (0.25) |  |  | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | (0.76) |  |  | $ | 0.10 |
Shares used in income or loss per share computations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 34,360,657 |  |  | 30,458,032 |  |  | 32,609,808 |  |  | 30,430,712 |
Diluted | 34,360,657 |  |  | 36,419,103 |  |  | 32,609,808 |  |  | 36,397,352 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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LIFECORE BIOMEDICAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY OR DEFICIT
(Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands)

| Convertible Preferred Stock |  |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  |  |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balance at May 26, 2024 | 42,461 |  |  | $ | 42,587 |  |  |  | 30,562,961 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 177,808 |  |  | $ | (166,523) |  |  |  |  | $ | 11,315 |
Dividends paid-in-kind | 796 |  |  | 806 |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (806) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (806) |
Accretion of issuance costs | — |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (48) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (48) |
Issuance of stock under stock plans, net of shares withheld | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 335,294 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1 |
Payments related to employee stock plans | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (589) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (589) |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,419 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 2,419 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16,230) |  |  |  |  | (16,230) |
Balance at August 25, 2024 | 43,257 |  |  | $ | 43,441 |  |  |  | 30,898,255 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 178,784 |  |  | $ | (182,753) |  |  |  |  | $ | (3,938) |
Issuance of common stock, net of fees | — |  |  |  |  |  | 5,928,775 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 23,835 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 23,841 |
Conversion ratio improvement provided to preferred stockholders | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,132 |  |  | (2,132) |  |  |  |  | — |
Dividends paid-in-kind | 811 |  |  | 822 |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (822) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (822) |
Accretion of issuance costs | — |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (48) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (48) |
Issuance of stock under stock plans, net of shares withheld | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | 153,760 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Payments related to employee stock plans | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (385) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (385) |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,372 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 3,372 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,571) |  |  |  |  | (6,571) |
Balance at November 24, 2024 | 44,068 |  |  | $ | 44,311 |  |  |  | 36,980,790 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 206,868 |  |  | $ | (191,456) |  |  |  |  | $ | 15,449 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
LIFECORE BIOMEDICAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY OR DEFICIT (CONTINUED)
(Unaudited) (Dollars in thousands)

| Convertible Preferred Stock |  |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Deficit |  |  |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
Balance at May 28, 2023 | 39,420 |  | $ | 39,318 |  |  |  | 30,322,169 |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 174,276 |  |  | $ | (178,536) |  |  |  |  | $ | (4,230) |
Dividends paid-in-kind | 739 |  | 748 |  |  | — |  | — |  | (748) |  | — |  |  |  | (748)
Accretion of issuance costs | — |  | 48 |  |  | — |  | — |  | (48) |  | — |  |  |  | (48)
Issuance of stock under stock plans, net of shares withheld | — |  | — |  |  | 133,469 |  | — |  | 724 |  | — |  |  |  | 724
Payments related to employee stock plans | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | (45) |  | — |  |  |  | (45)
Stock-based compensation | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | 1,541 |  | — |  |  |  | 1,541
Net loss | — |  | — |  |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (10,754) |  |  |  | (10,754)
Balance at August 27, 2023 | 40,159 |  | $ | 40,114 |  |  |  | 30,455,638 |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 175,700 |  |  | $ | (189,290) |  |  |  |  | $ | (13,560) |
Dividends paid-in-kind | 753 |  | 763 |  |  | — |  | — |  | (763) |  | — |  |  |  | (763)
Accretion of issuance costs | — |  | 47 |  |  | — |  | — |  | (47) |  | — |  |  |  | (47)
Issuance of stock under stock plans, net of shares withheld | — |  | — |  |  | 2,983 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  |  | —
Payments related to employee stock plans | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (12)
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,585 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1,585
Net income | — |  | — |  |  |  | — |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,218 |  |  |  |  | 14,218 |
Balance at November 26, 2023 | 40,912 |  | $ | 40,924 |  |  |  | 30,458,621 |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | 176,463 |  |  | $ | (175,072) |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,421 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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LIFECORE BIOMEDICAL, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited) (In thousands)

| Six Months Ended
| November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net (loss) income | $ | (22,801) |  |  | $ | 3,464 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income or loss to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 4,037 |  |  | 3,934 |
Stock-based compensation | 5,791 |  |  | 3,110 |
Deferred taxes | 9 |  |  | 36 |
Non-cash interest expense | 825 |  |  | 518 |
Non-cash interest expense, related party | 8,816 |  |  | 6,152 |
Change in debt derivative liability, related party | (2,100) |  |  | (20,900) |
(Reversal of) provision for expected credit losses | (150) |  |  | 37 |
Net loss on disposal of property, plant, and equipment | 49 |  |  | 19 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 316 |  |  | 5,649 |
Accounts receivable, related party | 684 |  |  | (6,861) |
Inventories | 765 |  |  | (605) |
Other assets | (1,139) |  |  | 2,023 |
Accounts payable | 791 |  |  | (4,261) |
Accrued compensation | (1,534) |  |  | (779) |
Other liabilities | 64 |  |  | (2,776) |
Deferred revenues | (662) |  |  | 421 |
Deferred revenues, related party | (514) |  |  | 3,778 |
Net cash used in operating activities | (6,753) |  |  | (7,041) |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment | (5,862) |  |  | (9,315) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (5,862) |  |  | (9,315) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Issuance of common stock, net of fees | 23,841 |  |  | — |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options | — |  |  | 724 |
Proceeds from finance lease incentive | 2,400 |  |  | — |
(Repayments of) proceeds from revolving credit facility, net | (11,191) |  |  | 69 |
Payments related to employee stock plans | (974) |  |  | (57) |
Principal payments on equipment financing, related party | (386) |  |  | (193) |
Principal payments on finance leases | (82) |  |  | (57) |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 13,608 |  |  | 486 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 993 |  |  | (15,870) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 8,462 |  |  | 19,091 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 9,455 |  |  | $ | 3,221 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |
Cash paid for income taxes | 127 |  |  | 70 |
Cash paid for interest | 1,298 |  |  | 1,255 |
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment in accounts payable | 5,700 |  |  | 8,132 |
Increases to property, plant and equipment financed by finance leases | 2,737 |  |  | — |
Capitalization of non-cash interest to property, plant, and equipment | 1,456 |  |  | 2,063 |
Dividends paid in kind on Convertible Preferred Stock | 1,628 |  |  | 1,511 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
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LIFECORE BIOMEDICAL, INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited) (In thousands, except share and per share values)
1. Organization, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Organization
Lifecore Biomedical, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Lifecore” or the “Company”) is a fully integrated contract development and manufacturing organization (“CDMO”) that offers capabilities in the development, fill and finish of complex sterile injectable pharmaceutical products in syringes, vials, and cartridges.
Discontinued Operations
The Company previously operated a natural food company through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Curation Foods, Inc. (“Curation Foods”). During the year ended May 28, 2023, the Company entered into agreements for the sale or disposition of all subsidiaries within the Curation Foods business, which was completed during the year ended May 26, 2024. Upon completion of the dispositions, it ceased to operate the Curation Foods business.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of May 26, 2024, which has been derived from audited financial statements, and the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions for Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) have been made which are necessary to present fairly the financial position of the Company at November 24, 2024, and the results of operations and cash flows for all periods presented. Although the Company believes that the disclosures in these financial statements are adequate to make the information presented not misleading, certain information normally included in financial statements and related footnotes prepared following GAAP have been condensed or omitted per the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The accompanying financial data should be reviewed in conjunction with the audited financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 26, 2024.
The Company’s fiscal year is the 52- or 53-week period that ends on the last Sunday of May with quarters within each year ending on the last Sunday of August, November, and February; however, in instances where the last Sunday would result in a quarter being 12-weeks in length, the Company’s policy is to extend that quarter to the following Sunday. A 14th week is included in the fiscal year every five or six years to realign the Company’s fiscal quarters with calendar quarters.
The results reported in these interim condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be reported for the entire year.
During the second quarter of 2025, the Company changed the basis of presentation for certain items to improve the usefulness of the financial statements, none of which had a material effect to any of the periods presented: (i) in Note 8 – Inventories, the Company previously presented certain adjustments used to state inventory at net realizable value as a standalone caption titled "inventory reserve" and now presents those adjustments directly to raw materials; (ii) in the balance sheet and Note 9 – Property, Plant and Equipment, net, the Company previously presented the carrying value of certain types of software not yet placed into service as a component of other long-term assets and now presents those within the construction in process category of property, plant and equipment, with additions to that software presented as purchases of property, plant and equipment on the statement of cash flows; (iii) in the statement of cash flows, non-cash interest for periods ended in fiscal year 2024 were previously presented within both depreciation and amortization as well as the change in working capital and are now presented as a standalone caption for non-cash interest; and (iv) on the balance sheet, certain types of accrued liabilities were previously presented as accrued other liabilities and are now presented as accrued compensation, with changes to those liabilities reclassified to the applicable lines within operating activities on the statement of cash flows.
Statement of Comprehensive Income or Loss
In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standard Codification Topic 220, Comprehensive Income, a statement of comprehensive income has not been included as the Company has no items of other comprehensive income or loss. Comprehensive income or loss is the same as net income or loss for all periods presented.
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Basis of Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements are presented on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with GAAP and include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All material inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The accounting estimates that require management’s most significant and subjective judgments include revenue recognition; recognition and measurement of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities; the recoverability assessment of inventories; the valuation and recognition of stock-based compensation; and the valuation of the debt derivative liability.
These estimates involve the consideration of complex factors and require management to make judgments. The analysis of historical and future trends can require extended periods of time to resolve and are subject to change from period to period. The actual results may differ from management’s estimates.
Reportable Segments
The Company operates as one reportable segment. This is based on the objectives of the business and how our chief operating decision maker, the President and Chief Executive Officer, regularly reviews and manages the business, monitors operating performance and allocates resources.
Concentrations of Risk
Cash and trade accounts receivable are financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk. Our Company policy limits, among other things, the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer and to any one type of investment, other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government. The Company maintains cash in U.S. bank accounts, the balance of which may at times exceed the federally insured limit.
During the three and six months ended November 24, 2024 and November 26, 2023, the company had significant sales concentrations with certain customers. The Company also had accounts receivable concentrations at November 24, 2024 and May 26, 2024. See Note 2 – Revenue and Note 7 – Accounts Receivable, for the quantification of these concentrations.
Per Share Information
Accounting guidance requires the presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution as if securities or other contracts to issue the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (“Common Stock”) were exercised or converted into Common Stock. The Company’s diluted common equivalent shares consist of convertible preferred stock, stock options, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), and performance share units (“PSUs”). Dilution related to stock options, RSUs and PSUs is calculated using the treasury stock method, which includes the assumed repurchase of common shares from cash received upon stock option exercises, and unrecognized compensation expense. The potential dilutive effect of the Convertible Preferred Stock is calculated using the if-converted method assuming the conversion as of the earliest period reported or at the date of issuance, if later, but are excluded if their effect is anti-dilutive.
Fair Value Measurements
The Company uses fair value measurement accounting for financial assets and liabilities and for financial instruments and certain other items measured at fair value. The Company has not elected the fair value option for any of its other eligible financial assets or liabilities.
Applicable accounting guidance establishes a three-tier hierarchy for fair value measurements, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
•Level 1 – observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
•Level 2 – inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly through corroboration with observable market data.
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•Level 3 – unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which would require the Company to develop its own assumptions.
Related Party Transactions
The Company has reflected related party balances on the face of its financial statements beginning in the period which Alcon Research, LLC (“Alcon”) became a related party, which was as of May 22, 2023 at the time Alcon provided financing to the Company. Prior to providing financing, and continuing subsequently, Alcon was a customer of the Company. Refer to Note 10 – Long-term Debt for additional discussion on the Company’s debt agreement with Alcon.
2. Revenue
The Company disaggregates its revenue based on how it markets its products and services and reviews results of operations. The following table disaggregates revenues by major product lines and services:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023 |  | November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023
CDMO | $ | 25,610 |  |  | $ | 23,678 |  |  | $ | 45,790 |  |  | $ | 45,217 |
HA manufacturing | 6,954 |  |  | 6,472 |  |  | 11,479 |  |  | 9,455 |
Total | $ | 32,564 |  |  | $ | 30,150 |  |  | $ | 57,269 |  |  | $ | 54,672 |

The following table disaggregates revenues by the timing of revenue recognition:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023 |  | November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023
Revenues recognized over time | $ | 6,122 |  |  | $ | 5,827 |  |  | $ | 11,998 |  |  | $ | 12,208 |
Revenues recognized at a point in time | 26,442 |  |  | 24,323 |  |  | 45,271 |  |  | 42,464 |
Total | $ | 32,564 |  |  | $ | 30,150 |  |  | $ | 57,269 |  |  | $ | 54,672 |

During the three months ended November 24, 2024, the Company had revenues concentrations of 10% or greater from three customers, accounting for 40%, 18%, and 18%. During the three months ended November 26, 2023, the Company had revenues concentrations of 10% or greater from three customers, accounting for 32%, 22%, and 22%.
During the six months ended November 24, 2024, the Company had revenues concentrations of 10% or greater from three customers, accounting for 37%, 20% and 14%. During the six months ended November 26, 2023, the Company had revenues concentrations of 10% or greater from three customers, accounting for 31%, 22%, and 14%.
3. Restructuring Costs
During fiscal year 2020, the Company commenced a multi-year restructuring plan to improve profitability and to redesign the organization to focus on strategic assets so that it could compete and thrive as a standalone public CDMO business. We expect to finish incurring expenses under this plan by the end of fiscal year 2025. Types of costs associated with this plan include: (i) employee termination costs, as a result of multiple reductions-in-force; and (ii) other costs related to the sale of non-strategic assets, including contract termination costs and asset write-offs. These costs are included within selling, general, and administrative costs on the consolidated statements of operations.
The following table presents the restructuring expenses incurred during the period:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023 |  | November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023
Employee termination costs | $ | 396 |  |  | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | 835 |  |  | $ | 139 |
Other costs | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 52 |  |  | 8 |
Total restructuring costs | $ | 404 |  |  | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | 887 |  |  | $ | 147 |

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The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending restructuring liability balances:

| Employee termination costs |  | Other costs |  | Total
Balance as of May 26, 2024 | $ | 217 |  |  | $ | 4,554 |  |  | $ | 4,771 |
Expense | 835 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 887 |
Payments | (725) |  |  | (58) |  |  | (783) |
Balance as of November 24, 2024 | $ | 327 |  |  | $ | 4,548 |  |  | $ | 4,875 |

The following table presents actual and expected expenses incurred or to be incurred under the plan:

| Incurred through November 24, 2024 |  | Expected remaining costs to be incurred |  | Total expected costs
Employee termination costs | $ | 5,168 |  |  | $ | 513 |  |  | $ | 5,681 |
Other costs | 13,438 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,438 |
Asset write-off costs not included in the restructuring liability | 13,893 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,893 |
Total restructuring costs | $ | 32,499 |  |  | $ | 513 |  |  | $ | 33,012 |

4. Earnings Per Share
The following table sets forth the weighted average shares used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended |  |
| November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023 |  | November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023 |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares for basic income or loss per share | 34,360,657 |  |  | 30,458,032 |  |  | 32,609,808 |  |  | 30,430,712 |  |  |  |  |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Convertible preferred stock | — |  |  | 5,790,810 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,737,685 |  |  |  |  |
Stock options, RSUs and PSUs | — |  |  | 170,261 |  |  | — |  |  | 228,955 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares for diluted income or loss per share | 34,360,657 |  |  | 36,419,103 |  |  | 32,609,808 |  |  | 36,397,352 |  |  |  |  |

Due to the Company’s net loss for the three and six months ended November 24, 2024, the diluted income or loss per share is calculated using only the basic weighted average common shares outstanding and thus excludes the following, as such impact would be antidilutive:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| November 24, 2024 |  | November 24, 2024
Convertible Preferred Stock | 6,769,985 |  |  | 6,707,861 |
Stock Options | — |  |  | — |
Restricted Stock Units | 237,084 |  |  | 209,713 |
Performance Share Units(1) | 8,500 |  |  | 17,000 |
Total | 7,015,569 |  |  | 6,934,574 |

(1) PSUs are not considered dilutive until performance targets are met.
See Note 13 – Convertible Preferred Stock and Common Stock for more information on outstanding Convertible Preferred Stock and Note 12 – Stock-based Compensation for more information on outstanding stock options, RSUs and PSUs.
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5. Fair Value Measurements
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents represent cash in banks and highly liquid short-term investments that have maturities of three months or less when acquired. These highly liquid short-term investments are both readily convertible to known amounts of cash and so near to their maturity that they present insignificant risk of changes in value due to changes in interest rates.
Term Loan Credit Facility and debt derivative liability
The Term Loan Credit Facility (as defined in Note 10 – Long-term Debt) contains embedded derivatives requiring bifurcation. These embedded derivatives were initially recorded at fair value as a noncurrent liability (“debt derivative liability”) offset by a discount to the carrying value of the Term Lean Credit Facility that is being amortized to interest expense over the term of that facility. The debt derivative liability is being subsequently remeasured at fair value every reporting period with changes in fair value recognized as a component of other expense, net.
The fair value of the debt derivative liability is estimated using a discounted cash flow model that includes annually weighted probabilities that certain call and put premiums contained in the Term Loan Credit Facility are exercised upon qualifying events of default or changes in control. The Term Loan Credit Facility, including the embedded derivatives, has an aggregate fair value of $143,000 as of November 24, 2024, a Level 3 measurement.
The key inputs to the valuation model are (i) the probability and timing of a change in control event occurring over the remaining term of the debt; and (ii) the discount rate for the valuation of that scenario, which can be influenced by in changes in the risk-free rate and the credit spread, which in turn can be influenced by the Company's credit rating as well as changes in the credit market. Factors that can affect the estimate of fair value at each reporting date, and therefore the amount of gain or loss recorded for a particular period, include imprecision in estimating unobservable market inputs and the selection of particular methodologies and assumptions used to determine the fair value. During the second quarter of 2025, we adjusted certain key assumptions by increasing the probability of a 2028 change in control and lowering the discount rate due to an improvement in the Company's credit rating.
Revolving Credit Facility
Outstanding borrowings under the Company's Revolving Credit Facility are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value as of November 24, 2024 and May 26, 2024, due to their short duration and variable rates of interest.
Conversion ratio improvement provided to preferred stockholders
During the three months ended November 24, 2024, we performed a non-recurring fair value measurement to record the value of a conversion ratio improvement provided to preferred stockholders as a result of the October 3, 2024 Securities Purchase Agreement referenced in Note 13 – Convertible Preferred Stock and Common Stock. The fair value of the conversion feature was recorded as an increase to both additional paid in capital and accumulated deficit and was calculated using an as-converted method based on the contractual conversion ratio of the preferred shares and the closing price of our common stock, a level 1 measurement.
The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s balance sheet components that are measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis:

| Type of measurement |  | Measurement date |  | Type of measurement
|  |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt derivative liability | Recurring |  | November 24, 2024 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23,300 |
Debt derivative liability | Recurring |  | May 26, 2024 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,400 |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Conversion ratio improvement provided to preferred stockholders | Non- recurring |  | October 3, 2024 |  | 2,132 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

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Key inputs used to develop the discount rate for the fair value measurements at the balance sheet dates were as follows:

|  | November 24, 2024 |  | May 26, 2024
Probability of change in control event |  | 80% |  | 80%
Discount rates used in change in control scenario: |  |  |  |
Total range |  | 18.8% — 19.2% |  | 21.3% — 22.3%
Credit spread |  | 14.5% |  | 16.8%
Risk-free rate range |  | 4.3% — 4.7% |  | 4.5% — 5.5%

The following table reflects the roll forward reconciliation of Level 3 recurring fair value measurements:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023 |  | November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 24,500 |  |  | $ | 64,700 |  |  | $ | 25,400 |  |  | $ | 64,900 |
Decrease in fair value(1) | (1,200) |  |  | (20,700) |  |  | (2,100) |  |  | (20,900) |
Balance at end of period | $ | 23,300 |  |  | $ | 44,000 |  |  | $ | 23,300 |  |  | $ | 44,000 |

(1) For the three and six months ended November 24, 2024 and November 26, 2023, the decreases in fair value are recorded in the “Change in fair value of debt derivative liability, related party” line within the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
6. Contract Assets and Liabilities
Contract assets primarily relate to the Company’s unconditional right to consideration for work completed but not billed at the reporting date. Contract liabilities primarily relate to payments received from customers in advance of performance under a contract.

Description |  | Balance Sheet Presentation |  | November 24, 2024 |  | May 26, 2024
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Receivables not yet billed |  | Accounts receivable, less allowance for credit losses |  | $ | 5,216 |  |  | $ | 3,885 |
Related party receivables not yet billed |  | Accounts receivable, related party |  | 482 |  |  | 184 |
|  | Total contract assets |  | $ | 5,698 |  |  | $ | 4,069 |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Advances on customer-owned equipment |  | Other accrued liabilities |  | $ | 3,014 |  |  | $ | 3,509 |
Non related parties deferred revenue |  | Deferred revenues |  | 426 |  |  | 1,088 |
Related party deferred revenue |  | Deferred revenues, related party |  | 511 |  |  | 1,025 |
Non-Current Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Related party deferred revenue |  | Deferred revenues, less current portion, related party |  | 4,880 |  |  | 4,703 |
Non-current customer deposit |  | Other non-current liabilities |  | 176 |  |  | 257 |
|  | Total contract liabilities |  | $ | 9,007 |  |  | $ | 10,582 |

Revenues recognized during the three and six months ended November 24, 2024 that were included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of fiscal year 2025, were $328 and $1,911.
We receive payments from customers based on billing schedules as established in our contracts. The contract assets relate to our conditional right to consideration for our completed performance under the contract. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Contract liabilities relate to payments received in advance of performance under the contract. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue as we perform under the statements of work.
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7. Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable balances are as follows:

| November 24, 2024 |  | May 26, 2024
Accounts receivable | $ | 30,864 |  |  | $ | 31,864 |
Less: Allowance for credit losses | (561) |  |  | (711) |
Accounts receivable, less allowance for credit losses | $ | 30,303 |  |  | $ | 31,153 |

Gross receivable by bill type are as follows:

| November 24, 2024 |  | May 26, 2024
Billed | $ | 25,166 |  |  | $ | 27,795 |
Unbilled | 5,698 |  |  | 4,069 |
Accounts receivable | $ | 30,864 |  |  | $ | 31,864 |

Three of the Company’s customers had accounts receivable concentrations of 10% or greater as of November 24, 2024, accounting for 33%, 19% and 13% of accounts receivable. Two of the Company’s customers had accounts receivable concentrations of 10% or greater as of May 26, 2024, accounting for 34% and 18%.
Changes in the allowance for credit losses related to accounts receivable are as follows:

| Six Months Ended
| November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023
Beginning balance | $ | 711 |  |  | $ | 485 |
Provision (Reduction) | (150) |  |  | 37 |
Charge-offs | — |  |  | (14) |
Ending Balance | $ | 561 |  |  | $ | 508 |

The Company’s accounts receivable serves as part of the collateral for certain of the Company’s debt arrangements. Refer to Note 10 – Long-term Debt for additional discussion on the Company’s debt arrangements and related collateral.
8. Inventories, net
Inventories primarily consist of in-process and finished goods related to sterile injectable pharmaceutical products in syringes, vials and cartridges. This includes premium, pharmaceutical grade HA in bulk form as well as formulated and filled syringes, vials and cartridges for injectable products used in treating a broad spectrum of medical conditions and procedures.
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (using the first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. Inventories consisted of the following:

| November 24, 2024 |  | May 26, 2024
Finished goods | $ | 17,890 |  |  | $ | 14,924 |
Raw materials | 12,839 |  |  | 13,140 |
Work in process | 8,485 |  |  | 11,915 |
Inventories, net | $ | 39,214 |  |  | $ | 39,979 |

Adjustments to inventory are determined at the raw materials, work-in-process, and finished good levels to reflect obsolescence or impaired balances. Factors influencing inventory obsolescence include changes in demand, product life cycle, product pricing, physical deterioration, and quality concerns.
The Company’s inventory serves as part of the collateral for certain of the Company’s debt arrangements. Refer to Note 10 – Long-term Debt for additional discussion on the Company’s debt arrangements and related collateral.
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9. Property, Plant, and Equipment, net
Property, plant, and equipment, net, consists of the following:

| November 24, 2024 |  | May 26, 2024
Land and land improvements | $ | 3,739 |  |  | $ | 3,739 |
Buildings and building improvements | 63,796 |  |  | 62,874 |
Machinery and equipment | 62,661 |  |  | 61,013 |
Computer equipment and software | 8,496 |  |  | 8,290 |
Furniture and fixtures | 1,641 |  |  | 1,631 |
Construction in process | 64,614 |  |  | 61,952 |
Property, plant, and equipment, gross | 204,947 |  |  | 199,499 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | (54,371) |  |  | (50,334) |
Property, plant, and equipment, net | $ | 150,576 |  |  | $ | 149,165 |

The major components of the construction in process are related to aseptic filler production to significantly increase manufacturing capacity.
Depreciation and amortization expense for property, plant, and equipment for the three months ended November 24, 2024 and November 26, 2023 was $2,044 and $1,987, respectively. Depreciation and amortization expense for property, plant, and equipment for the six months ended November 24, 2024 and November 26, 2023 was $4,037 and $3,934, respectively.
Interest is capitalized based on the average outstanding construction in process balance, excluding previously capitalized interest, using a 10% interest rate. Capitalized interest on construction projects was $745 and $1,094 for three months ended November 24, 2024 and November 26, 2023, respectively. Capitalized interest on construction projects was $1,456 and $2,063 for six months ended November 24, 2024 and November 26, 2023, respectively. Capitalized interest has decreased as we consider alternative approaches to generating cash flows from a legacy asset that has not yet generated revenue.
Property, plant, and equipment acquisitions that provide a benefit over several years, and exceed five thousand dollars, are capitalized. The depreciation policy for property, plant, and equipment is as follows:

| Depreciable Lives (in years)
Land improvements | 10 | — | 40
Buildings and building improvements | 7 | — | 40
Machinery and equipment | 7 | — | 25
Transportation equipment | 5 | — | 12
Computer hardware and software | 3 | — | 10
Furniture, fixtures, and office equipment | 5 | — | 10
Tools, molds, and dies | 3

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10. Long-term Debt
Long-term debt, net consists of the following:

| November 24, 2024 |  | May 26, 2024
Term loan credit facility | $ | 165,274 |  |  | $ | 157,313 |
Equipment financing | 6,764 |  |  | 7,150 |
Total principal amount of long-term debt | 172,038 |  |  | 164,463 |
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs | (453) |  |  | (504) |
Less: debt discount | (60,284) |  |  | (62,367) |
Total long-term debt, net of issuance costs and discount | 111,301 |  |  | 101,592 |
Less: Current portion of long-term debt, related party | (773) |  |  | (773) |
Long-term debt, less current portion, net, related party | $ | 110,528 |  |  | $ | 100,819 |
Revolving credit facility | $ | 8,500 |  |  | $ | 19,691 |

The future minimum principal payments under the Company’s term loan credit facility and equipment financing liability for each year presented are as follows:

Remainder of Fiscal year 2025 | $ | 387 |
Fiscal year 2026 | 773 |
Fiscal year 2027 | 773 |
Fiscal year 2028 | 773 |
Fiscal year 2029 | 166,047 |
Fiscal year 2030 | 773 |
Thereafter | 2,512 |
Total | $ | 172,038 |

Term Loan Credit Facility
On May 22, 2023, the Company, Curation Foods, and Lifecore Biomedical Operating Company, Inc. (the “Borrowers”), certain of the Company’s other subsidiaries, as guarantors, and Alcon Research, LLC (“Alcon”), as administrative agent, collateral agent and lender, entered into a Credit and Guaranty Agreement (the “Term Loan Credit Facility”). The Term Loan Credit Facility refinanced in full all obligations of the Company and their subsidiaries under its prior term loan credit facility. Upon entry into the Term Loan Credit Facility, the prior term loan credit facility was terminated and all noncompliance with debt covenants were thereby cured.
The Term Loan Credit Facility provided for up to $142,270 in term loans, excluding PIK interest added to the outstanding balance. The obligations under the Term Loan Credit Facility mature on May 22, 2029, and is secured by the same collateral that secures the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below).
As of November 24, 2024 and May 26, 2024, the Company’s effective annual interest rate under the Term Loan Credit Facility was 22.5% for both periods. The annual stated rate is 10.0%.
On November 26, 2024, the Company entered into certain amendments to the Term Loan Credit Facility. Refer to Note 17 - Subsequent Events for additional information.
Equipment Financing
On May 22, 2023, the Company entered into an equipment financing agreement with Alcon, totaling $7,730. The agreement calls for 40 quarterly principal payments of $193, plus 6% interest.
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Revolving Credit Facility
On May 22, 2023, the Borrowers and certain of the Company’s other subsidiaries, as guarantors, entered into a Limited Waiver, Consent and Fifth Amendment to the credit agreement with BMO, as lender (the “Revolving Credit Facility”).
As of November 24, 2024 and May 26, 2024, the Company’s effective annual interest rate under the Revolving Credit Facility was linked to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), and was approximately 8% for both periods.
On November 26, 2024, the Company entered into certain amendments to the Revolving Credit Facility. Refer to Note 17 - Subsequent Events for additional information.
Financial Covenants Compliance Status and Borrowing Capacity
As of November 24, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants under the Term Loan Credit Facility and Revolving Credit Facility.
As of November 24, 2024, the Company had approximately $20,900 available for borrowing under our Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan Credit Facility was fully drawn.
11. Leases
Finance Leases
In September 2015, Lifecore executed a lease for an 80,950 square foot building in Chaska, MN, two miles from its headquarters facility. Lifecore and the lessor made capital improvements prior to occupancy and thus the lease did not become effective until January 2016. Lifecore is currently using the building for warehousing and final packaging. The initial term of the lease was seven years with two five-year renewal options. In December 2022, Lifecore exercised one of the options to renew the lease for an additional five years, which extended the lease to December 31, 2027. That lease amendment contained a buyout option at any time during the renewal period with the purchase price equal to the mortgage balance on the lessor’s loan secured by the building. The finance lease obligation at May 26, 2024 assumed the buyout option would be exercised during fiscal year 2028, which was estimated to be $2,568. On August 9, 2024, Lifecore amended this lease to provide for a $2,400 cash payment to the Company in exchange for a revised rent payment schedule and an updated purchase option. This cash payment was received in October 2024, which made the amendment fully effective, and increased the future lease payments by $2,637. The amendment extended the lease term to September 30, 2034, and the future payment obligations were discounted at the Company’s incremental borrowing rate of 9%. The finance lease obligation at November 24, 2024 assumed the amended buyout option would be exercised on September 30, 2034, which is estimated to be $3,100.
The only other finance lease that Lifecore has relates to a truck that was executed during fiscal year 2024. The truck lease runs for three years and had an initial capitalized amount of $196.
Operating Leases
Lifecore leases facilities and equipment under operating lease agreements with various terms and conditions, which expire at various dates through fiscal year 2033. Certain of these leases have renewal options. The only active operating real estate lease relates to a 21,384 square foot building in Chanhassen, Minnesota, containing a warehouse and office space. The lease commenced on September 1, 2020 with an initial term of seven years, plus an option to extend it for an additional five years. The extension period was included in the lease obligation at inception since it was reasonably certain to be exercised. Prior to occupancy, $1,922 in improvements were made to the building, which was funded by the lessor. Lifecore is reimbursing the lessor for costs over 84 months. The future lease payments under this lease, which extend through 2033, total $2,056 as of November 24, 2024.
An operating lease for the Curation Foods former headquarters located in Santa Maria, California was terminated in December 2023. The property was vacated and surrendered to the lessor on February 29, 2024.
The only other Lifecore operating leases relate to printer/copiers, with terms ranging from 36 to 60 months. The future lease payments under these leases, which extend through March 2027, totaled $49 as of November 24, 2024.
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12. Stock-based Compensation
Stock-Based Compensation Activity
The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the grant date fair value of stock option awards. The use of an option pricing model requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility, expected life of option awards and risk-free interest rate which have a significant impact on the fair value estimates. The following table displays the estimated fair value of stock options granted and the weighted average assumptions utilized:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| November 24, 2024 |  | November 24, 2024
Weighted-average grant date fair value | $2.13 |  | $2.33
Assumptions: |  |  |
Expected life (in years) | 4.35 |  | 4.35
Risk-free interest rate | 3.87% |  | 3.88%
Volatility | 52% |  | 53%
Dividend yield | —% |  | —%

A summary of the activity under the Company’s stock option plans as of November 24, 2024 and changes during the fiscal quarter then ended is presented below:

| Options Outstanding |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share |  | Total Intrinsic Value of Options Exercised (in thousands) |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term in Years |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Options outstanding at May 26, 2024 | 2,112,591 |  |  | $ | 10.88 |  |  |  |  | 2.44 |  | $ | — |
Options granted | 95,525 |  |  | 5.00 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options exercised | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Options forfeited | (30,488) |  |  | 9.16 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options expired | (272,066) |  |  | 12.09 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options outstanding at November 24, 2024 | 1,905,562 |  |  | 10.44 |  |  |  |  | 1.79 |  | $ | 214 |
Options exercisable at November 24, 2024 | 1,726,328 |  |  | 10.74 |  |  |  |  | 1.37 |  | 214 |

The intrinsic values presented in the table above were calculated as the excess, if any, of the market price or closing price of the Company’s common stock over the exercise price of the options multiplied by the number of options exercised, outstanding or exercisable, as applicable.
RSUs are valued using the closing price of the Company’s common stock on their grant date and expensed ratably over the requisite vesting period of one to three years. All vesting is subject to continued service. A summary of the Company’s RSU award activity as of November 24, 2024 and changes during the fiscal quarter then ended is presented below:

| Restricted Stock Units Outstanding |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
RSUs outstanding at May 26, 2024 | 1,622,004 |  |  | $ | 7.83 |
Granted | 651,630 |  |  | 4.83 |
Vested | (588,366) |  |  | 8.32 |
Forfeited | (183,994) |  |  | 7.03 |
RSUs outstanding at November 24, 2024 | 1,501,274 |  |  | 6.43 |

Currently, the PSUs outstanding vest upon achievement of certain stock price hurdles and continued employment thereafter of our CEO. The PSUs have a 5-year term and any unvested awards at the end of the term will be forfeited. PSUs subject to market
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conditions are valued using a Monte Carlo simulation model and expensed on an accelerated attribution basis over the derived service period. If the stock price hurdles are not met, expense is not reversed as long as the requisite service period has been met. A summary of the Company’s PSU award activity as of November 24, 2024 and changes during the fiscal quarter then ended is presented below:

| Performance Share Units Outstanding |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
PSUs outstanding at May 26, 2024 | 1,500,000 |  |  | $ | 4.66 |
Granted | 750,000 |  |  | 3.36 |
Vested | (75,000) |  |  | 4.24 |
Forfeited | — |  |  | — |
PSUs outstanding at November 24, 2024 | 2,175,000 |  |  | 4.23 |

Stock-Based Compensation Expense
The following table summarizes stock-based compensation by income statement line item:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023 |  | November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023
Cost of product sales | $ | 105 |  |  | $ | 178 |  |  | 247 |  |  | $ | 362 |
Research and development | (135) |  |  | 42 |  |  | (123) |  |  | 84 |
Selling, general and administrative | 3,402 |  |  | 1,357 |  |  | 5,667 |  |  | 2,664 |
Stock-based compensation expense | 3,372 |  |  | 1,577 |  |  | 5,791 |  |  | 3,110 |
Amount capitalized into property, plant, and equipment | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |
Total stock-based compensation costs | $ | 3,372 |  |  | $ | 1,584 |  |  | $ | 5,791 |  |  | $ | 3,126 |

As of November 24, 2024, there was $13,006 of total unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested equity compensation awards granted under the Lifecore incentive stock plans. This total expense is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.16 years.
13. Convertible Preferred Stock and Common Stock
On October 3, 2024, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain entities. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to sell an aggregate of 5,928,775 shares of its common stock (the “Shares”) for aggregate gross proceeds of approximately $24,300 (the “Offering”). The purchase price for each Share was $4.10. The Offering closed on October 3, 2024. The issuance costs of $467 were recorded as an offset to the Offering proceeds within additional paid-in capital. The issuance of these common shares triggered an anti-dilution provision of the Convertible Preferred Stock, resulting in a $2,132 increase in Additional Paid-in Capital and an offsetting increase in Accumulated Deficit. This was determined by the additional 453,117 common shares the Preferred Stockholders could obtain upon conversion as of November 24, 2024, multiplied by the October 3, 2024 Lifecore closing stock price of $4.705 per share.
On January 9, 2023, the Company issued 38,750 shares of the Series A Convertible Preferred Stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Convertible Preferred Stock”), all of which are convertible into shares of Common Stock at the election of the holders of the Convertible Preferred Stock. The Convertible Preferred Stock ranks senior to the Common Stock with respect to dividends, distributions and payments on liquidation, winding-up and dissolution. The Company recorded the Convertible Preferred Stock proceeds of $38,750, as well as issuance costs of $668. The issuance costs are being reduced over the period ending June 29, 2026 as a charge to additional paid-in capital.
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Dividends
The holders of Convertible Preferred Stock are entitled to dividends on the liquidation preference at the rate of 7.5% per annum, payable in-kind. The holders are also entitled to participate in dividends declared or paid on the Common Stock on an as-converted basis. As of November 24, 2024 and May 26, 2024, the aggregate liquidation preference of the Convertible Preferred Stock was $44,619 and $42,991, respectively.
Conversion
Each holder has the right, at its option, to convert its Convertible Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, into fully paid and non-assessable shares of Common Stock at an initial conversion price equal to $7.00 per share. The conversion price is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, including in the event of any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization or similar events, and is also subject to adjustment in the event of subsequent offerings of Common Stock or convertible securities by the Company for less than the conversion price. The issuance of 5,928,775 shares of Common Stock on October 3, 2024 triggered an anti-dilution feature of the Convertible Preferred Stock, resulting the conversion price being reduced to $6.53 per share.
Voting
Each holder is entitled to vote with the holders of the shares of Common Stock on all matters submitted for a vote of holders of shares of Common Stock. Each holder is entitled the whole number of votes equal to the number of shares of Common Stock into which such holder’s shares of Convertible Preferred Stock would be convertible on the record date for the vote or consent.
Registration Rights Agreement
The Registration Rights Agreement contains monetary penalties if the Company fails to maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement. As of November 24, 2024, the Company has incurred $4,795 in cumulative monetary penalties and interest under the Registration Rights Agreement due to the delinquent filing of the Company’s annual and quarterly reports with the SEC. In October 2024, the Company completed SEC filings to regain the effectiveness of the registration statement. This terminated the further accrual of monetary penalties; however, the interest accruals will continue until the prior monetary penalties are settled. The Company paid $535 of these monetary penalties in the year ended May 28, 2023. The accrual for these liabilities was $4,260 as of November 24, 2024, which is included in other accrued liabilities.
14. Income Taxes
The effective tax rate was approximately 1% or less for all periods presented. The effective tax rates were lower than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate in all periods due to the Company’s valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets.
15. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Contingencies
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in various legal proceedings and claims.
The Company makes a provision for a liability relating to legal matters when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These provisions are reviewed at least each fiscal quarter and adjusted to reflect the impacts of negotiations, estimated settlements, legal rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter. Legal fees are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.
Because recovery of amounts is contingent upon a legal settlement, no amounts have been recorded as recoverable costs through November 24, 2024.
Class Action Complaint
On July 29, 2024, a putative class action complaint was filed on behalf of stockholders of the Company in the United States District Court of Minnesota against the Company and certain of its named executive officers. The complaint generally alleges that statements made to the Company’s stockholders between October 7, 2020, and March 19, 2024 regarding the Company’s financial results, internal controls, remediation efforts, periodic reporting, and financial prospects were false and misleading in violation of Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and that the individual defendants are liable for such statements because they are controlling persons under Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act. The complaint seeks compensatory damages, court costs, and attorneys’ fees. On November 15, 2024, the Court appointed purported stockholders David Carew and Hugh Robert Homes as co-lead plaintiffs and appointed their respective counsel. The co-lead
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plaintiffs must file an amended complaint by January 24, 2025. The Company continues to believe that the claims are without merit and intends to vigorously defend against them. Any potential loss arising from this claim is not currently probable or estimable.
SEC Subpoena
On February 16, 2024, the Chicago Regional Office of the SEC issued a subpoena to the Company seeking documents and information concerning the financial statement restatement. The Company is in the process of responding to the subpoena and intends to cooperate with the SEC. We cannot predict the duration or outcome of this matter at this time.
Landlord Complaints
On January 12, 2024, the landlord for a property leased by Curation Foods filed a complaint of unlawful detainer against the Company in Santa Barbara County Superior Court, seeking possession of the building and alleging past due rent of approximately $171. On February 29, 2024, Curation Foods surrendered possession of the premises to the landlord. The unlawful detainer action has thus been converted to an ordinary civil action. Landlord has filed an amended complaint against both Curation Foods and the Company seeking to recover all rent which will accrue through the expiration of the lease, less any sums landlord collects from a replacement tenant. No trial date has been set yet, although a mediation has been scheduled for February 13, 2025 and a continued case management conference is set for April 21, 2025.
On January 12, 2024, a landlord for a different property leased by Curation Foods delivered to the Company a pay or quit notice related to such property, seeking payment of past due rent of approximately $87. On February 29, 2024, Curation Foods surrendered possession of the premises to the landlord. The Company has accrued past due rents, but the ultimate exposure to loss will depend on future events and is not reasonably certain at this time.
Compliance Matters
On December 1, 2018, the Company acquired all of the voting interests and substantially all of the assets of Yucatan (the “Yucatan Acquisition”), which owns a guacamole manufacturing plant in Mexico called Procesadora Tanok, S de RL de C.V. (“Tanok”).
On October 21, 2019, the Company retained Latham & Watkins, LLP to conduct an internal investigation relating to potential environmental and Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) compliance matters associated with regulatory permitting at the Tanok facility in Mexico. The Company subsequently voluntarily self-disclosed to the SEC and the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”) the conduct under investigation, and these agencies commenced an investigation. The Company also disclosed the conduct under investigation to the Office of the Attorney General in Mexico, which in December 2021 decided (a) that Curation Foods, did not commit or participate in the criminal conduct disclosed, (b) no criminal action would be taken against Curation Foods, (c) that no criminal liability was established against Tanok and Yucatan after they were acquired by Curation Foods, and (d) the decisions do not apply to any individuals who may be responsible for misconduct. The Company also disclosed the misconduct to other regulators in Mexico. The conduct at issue began prior to the Yucatan Acquisition, and the agreement for the Yucatan Acquisition provides the Company with certain indemnification rights that may allow the Company to recover the cost of a portion of the liabilities that have been and may be incurred by the Company in connection with these compliance matters.
On September 2, 2020, one of the former owners of Yucatan filed a lawsuit against the Company in Los Angeles County Superior Court for breach of employment agreement, breach of contract, breach of holdback agreement, declaratory relief and accounting, and related claims. The Plaintiff sought over $10 million in damages, including delivery of shares of his stock held in escrow for the indemnification claims described above. On November 3, 2020, the Company filed an answer and cross-complaint against the Plaintiff and other former equity holders of Yucatan for fraud, indemnification, and other claims, and seeking no less than $80 million in damages. In fiscal 2022, 2023 and 2024, the Company reached settlements with several of the cross-defendants, pursuant to which the settling cross-defendants agreed that certain of the shares of stock they received when the Company acquired Yucatan either be sold and the proceeds paid to the Company, or that those shares be released to the Company. The trial for the remaining defendants was severed into two trials by the Court, and the first trial involved claims by and against one defendant only. The first trial concluded on October 18, 2024, and there were offsetting verdicts. The jury awarded the defendant $375 in damages and awarded the Company $1,011 against the defendant. No final judgment has been entered, and there are additional issues to be resolved by the Court before any judgment can be entered. The trial for the other defendants will involve only the Company’s claims against them, and there are no claims made by those defendants against the Company.
On November 16, 2023, the Company and the DOJ executed a letter (“Declination Letter”) in which the DOJ has declined to prosecute the Company for violations of the FCPA involving the Company’s formerly-held subsidiary, Yucatan Foods L.P. (“Yucatan”). Pursuant to the Declination Letter, in connection with the DOJ’s declination to prosecute, in fiscal 2023 the
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Company agreed to pay disgorgement in the amount of $407, and to continue to fully cooperate with any ongoing government investigations and any prosecutions that might result in the future. The Company paid the disgorgement amount in full in fiscal 2024.
At this stage, the ultimate outcome of these or any other investigations, legal actions, or potential claims that may arise from the matters related to the litigation is uncertain and the Company cannot reasonably predict the timing or outcomes, or estimate the amount final judgments, or the effect, if any, they may have on its financial statements. Separately, future rulings from the Court will affect pending claims against the severed defendants for indemnification under provisions in the purchase agreement. Because recovery of amounts is contingent upon resolution of many issues in connection with these legal proceedings, no amounts have been recorded as recoverable costs through November 24, 2024.
16. Discontinued Operations
On August 24, 2023, the Company reached a confidential settlement and release agreement with a third-party insurance underwriter as a result of a claim filed by the Curation Foods business. In connection with this settlement agreement, the Company received a cash payment of $1,850 on September 19, 2023, which was recognized as income from discontinued operations in the six months ended November 26, 2023. The $1,850 cash received is included in net cash from operating activities on the consolidated statement of cash flows.
17. Subsequent Events
Limited Waivers and Amendments to Credit Agreements
On November 26, 2024, the Company entered into (i) that certain Limited Waiver Under and Ninth Amendment to Credit Agreement (the “BMO Amendment”) by and among the Company, Curation Foods and Lifecore Biomedical Operating Company, Inc. (“Lifecore” and, together with the Company and Curation Foods, the “Borrowers”), certain of the Company’s other subsidiaries, and BMO Bank, N.A. (“BMO”), which amended that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of December 31, 2020 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified prior to the BMO Amendment, the “Revolving Credit Agreement”), by and among the Borrowers, certain of the Company’s other subsidiaries, as guarantors, and BMO, as administrative agent, swing line lender and a letter of credit issuer and (ii) that certain Limited Waiver Under and Third Amendment to Credit and Guaranty Agreement (the “Alcon Amendment” and, together with the BMO Amendment, the “Credit Agreement Amendments”), by and among the Borrowers, certain of the Company’s other subsidiaries, and Alcon, which amended that certain Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated May 22, 2023 (as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified prior to the Alcon Amendment, the “Term Loan Credit Agreement”), by and among the Borrowers, certain of the Company’s other subsidiaries, as guarantors, and Alcon, as administrative agent, collateral agent and lender.
The BMO Amendment provides for, among other things, (i) an extension of the maturity date under the Revolving Credit Agreement from December 31, 2025 to November 26, 2027, (ii) certain changes to the applicable interest rates under the Revolving Credit Agreement, and (iii) certain other changes with respect to the Company’s financial and reporting covenants. The Alcon Amendment provides for, among other things, certain other changes with respect to the Company’s financial and reporting covenants to align with the Revolving Credit Agreement’s financial and reporting covenants, as implemented pursuant to the BMO Amendment. The Company is required to pay fees of $280 to BMO in connection with the Credit Agreement Amendments.
Investor Dispute
On December 23, 2024, 22NW Fund, L.P. (“22NW”), a holder of shares of the Company’s common stock and Convertible Preferred Stock, filed a complaint against the Company, two former officers, and four former or current directors in the Commercial Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County. The complaint seeks money damages (including compensatory damages, court costs, and attorneys’ fees) for (i) alleged material misrepresentations by the Company on which 22NW allegedly relied when purchasing its shares of Convertible Preferred Stock, and (ii) alleged breaches of that certain Securities Purchase Agreement, dated January 9, 2023, by and between the Company and certain investors, including 22NW, related to the purchase of Convertible Preferred Stock (the “SPA”). 22NW further seeks an order of specific performance for breach of the SPA, seeking to cause the Company to file a proxy statement with the SEC and to hold a stockholder meeting to seek to approve the removal of the current cap on the conversion of Convertible Preferred Stock into Company common stock as set forth in the Certificate of Designations related to the Convertible Preferred Stock. The Court has set a hearing on January 21, 2025 to entertain the investor’s request for specific performance. The Company intends to defend itself vigorously against these claims.
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Included in the complaint are statements that the Company owes 22NW registration penalties caused by the Company’s failure to maintain an effective registration statement with respect to the Series A, which have been previously accrued by the Company. See Note 13 – Convertible Preferred Stock and Common for more information.
The Company has assessed the remaining elements of the complaint and determined that any potential loss arising from these claims is not currently probable or estimable.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(All dollar values are in thousands, unless otherwise noted)
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in Part I, Item 1, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 26, 2024 (the “2024 Annual Report”).
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results that are subject to the safe harbor created under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other safe harbors under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Exchange Act. Words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “plan,” “intend,” “believe,” “may,” “might,” “will,” “should,” “can have,” “likely” and similar expressions are used to identify forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those that we expected. Potential risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, the timing and expenses associated with operations, the ability to achieve acceptance of new products in the marketplace, government regulations affecting our business, the timing of regulatory approvals, the impact of adverse and uncertain economic conditions in the U.S. and international markets, the mix between domestic and international sales, and those other risks mentioned in this report and the 2024 Annual Report.
We derive many of our forward-looking statements from our operating budgets and forecasts, which are based upon detailed assumptions. While we believe that our assumptions are reasonable, we caution that it is very difficult to predict the impact of known factors, and it is impossible for us to anticipate all factors that could affect our actual results. Accordingly, our actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements for many reasons, including the risk factors listed in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” of this report and in the 2024 Annual Report.
All forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified in their entirety by these cautionary statements as well as others made in this report, the 2024 Annual Report, and hereafter in our other SEC filings and public communications.
You should evaluate all forward-looking statements made by us in the context of all risks and uncertainties described with respect to our business. We caution you that the risks and uncertainties identified by us may not be all of the factors that are important to you. Furthermore, the forward-looking statements included in this report are made only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as otherwise required by law. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.
The Company
The Company is a fully integrated contract development and manufacturing organization (CDMO) that offers highly differentiated capabilities in the development, fill and finish of complex sterile injectable pharmaceutical products in syringes, vials, and cartridges under contract for product sponsors, along with producing premium, injectable grade sodium hyaluronate (HA) for use as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Lifecore uses its experience in handling of viscous, complex products to be a technical leader in contract development services to create a manufacturable, scalable and compliant production process for many types of medicinal products. These services include activities such as formulation technology development, material component definition, analytical method development, filling optimization, packaging design, stability studies, process validation, clinical production and ultimately production of commercially approved products. The Company has more than 40 years of expertise as a partner for global and emerging biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies across multiple therapeutic categories to bring their innovations to market.
Built over many years of experience, Lifecore separates itself from its competition based on its five areas of expertise, including but not limited to Lifecore’s ability to:
Establish strategic relationships with market leaders
Lifecore continues to develop and manufacture products with partners who have strong marketing, sales, and distribution capabilities, reaching the patients they serve. Through its strong reputation and history of providing pharmaceutical grade HA and products, Lifecore has established long-term relationships with global and emerging biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies across multiple therapeutic categories and leverages those partnerships to attract new relationships in other medical markets.
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Expand medical applications for HA
Due to the growing knowledge of the unique characteristics of HA and Lifecore’s unique strength and history as a trusted manufacturer of pharmaceutical injectable grade HA products, Lifecore continues to identify and pursue opportunities for the use of HA in other medical applications, such as wound care, aesthetic surgery, drug delivery, next generation orthopedics and device coatings, and through sales to academic and corporate research customers. Further applications may involve expanding process development activity and/or additional licensing of technology.
Utilize manufacturing infrastructure to meet customer demand
Lifecore has made strategic capital investments in its CDMO business focusing on extending its formulation and filling capacity and capabilities to meet increasing partner demand and regulatory expectations and to attract new contract filling opportunities.
Maintain flexibility and speed in product development and supply relationships
Lifecore’s vertically integrated development and manufacturing capabilities and strong Quality systems allow it to quickly move a product from development to commercial production. Lifecore’s role extends from supplying HA raw materials to providing technology transfer and development services to manufacture aseptically filled, finished sterile products, and assuming full supply chain responsibilities (from raw material management through packaging and serialization).
Deliver consistent quality
Lifecore has built a world class quality and regulatory system that is demonstrated in its results, processes and customer relationships. With over 38 years of a superior track record with global regulatory bodies (FDA, EMA, ANVISA, etc.), Lifecore is the partner of choice for companies looking for proven experience in delivering QbD, cGMP compliance, and manufacturing excellence with pharmaceutical elegance and quality. Lifecore’s world class quality and regulatory system and excellent track record with the global regulatory bodies ensure partners that they will safely bring innovative therapies to market.
We are focused on driving profitable growth with new product development along with clinical and commercial manufacturing of sterile injectable products. Lifecore seeks to expand its presence in the CDMO marketplace by partnering with biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to bring their unique therapies to market. Lifecore’s goal of continuing success will be to execute on its three strategic priorities:
1)Managing Business Development Pipeline: Accelerate product development activities for virtual, small and large biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies in various stages of the product lifecycle, spanning clinical development stage to commercialization, which aligns with the business’ overall product development strategy.
2)Maximizing Capacity: Meet customer demand by maximizing capacity in the syringe, vial and cartridge multi-purpose filler production line to significantly increase the number of products produced.
3)Advancing Product Commercialization: Continue to seek out opportunities to advance customers’ late-stage product development activities by supporting their clinical programs and commercial process scale-up activities.
Reportable Segments
The Company operates as one reportable segment. This is based on the objectives of the business and how our chief operating decision maker, the President and Chief Executive Officer, monitors operating performance and allocates resources.
Related Party Transactions
For a discussion of significant related party transactions, refer to Related Party Transactions within Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Results of Operations — Three Months Ended November 24, 2024
Revenues and Gross Profit
Lifecore generates revenues from two integrated activities: CDMO and HA manufacturing. Lifecore generates revenues from the development and manufacture of HA products and provides contract development and aseptic manufacturing services to customers.
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Numerous factors can influence gross profit, including HA manufacturing product mix, customer mix, manufacturing costs, timing of production, volume, sales discounts, and charges for excess or obsolete inventory, among others. Many of these factors influence or are interrelated with other factors. The Company includes in cost of goods sold all of the following costs: raw materials (including packaging, syringes, fermentation supplies and purification supplies), direct labor, overhead (including indirect labor, depreciation, and facility-related costs), and shipping and shipping-related costs.

| Three Months Ended |  | Change
| November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023 |  | Amount |  | %
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CDMO | $ | 25,610 |  |  | $ | 23,678 |  |  | $ | 1,932 |  |  | 8 | %
HA manufacturing | 6,954 |  |  | 6,472 |  |  | 482 |  |  | 7 | %
Total Revenues | 32,564 |  |  | 30,150 |  |  | 2,414 |  |  | 8 | %
Cost of Goods Sold | 21,480 |  |  | 20,193 |  |  | 1,287 |  |  | 6 | %
Gross Profit | $ | 11,084 |  |  | $ | 9,957 |  |  | $ | 1,127 |  |  | 11 | %
Gross Profit Percentage | 34.0 | % |  | 33.0 | % |  | 1.0 | % |  |

The increase in revenues was primarily due to a $1.9 million increase in CDMO revenues, which increase comprised $3.8 million of higher sales volume from our largest customer, partially offset by $1.9 million of lower sales volume from other CDMO customers. In addition, HA manufacturing revenues increased $0.5 million primarily from increased revenue from a customer due to timing, with increased shipments in the second quarter of 2025.
The $1.1 million increase in gross profit is primarily due to a $1.6 million increase in CDMO gross profit as a result of price increases to certain customers partially offset by a $0.5 million decrease in HA manufacturing gross profit due to manufacturing variances.
Operating Expenses

| Three Months Ended |  | Change
| November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023 |  | Amount |  | %
Research and development | $ | 1,924 |  |  | $ | 2,098 |  |  | $ | (174) |  |  | (8) | %
Selling, general and administrative | 11,119 |  |  | 9,342 |  |  | 1,777 |  |  | 19 | %
Total Operating Expenses | $ | 13,043 |  |  | $ | 11,440 |  |  | $ | 1,603 |  |  | 14 | %

Research and Development (“R&D”)
R&D expenses consist primarily of product development and commercialization initiatives. R&D expenses are focused on new products and applications for HA-based and non-HA biomaterials. R&D expenses for the three months ended November 24, 2024 were consistent with the prior period.
Selling, General, and Administrative (“SG&A”)
SG&A expenses consist of salaries and related costs for administrative, public company and business development functions as well as legal fees, and consulting fees. Public company costs include compliance, audit, tax, insurance and investor relations.
The increase in SG&A expenses was primarily due to increases in non-cash stock-based compensation expense of $1.8 million, the majority of which was related to new hire performance stock unit grants to our principal executive officers.
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Non-Operating Income or Expense

| Three Months Ended |  | Change
| November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023 |  | Amount |  | %
Interest expense, net | $ | (5,465) |  |  | $ | (4,073) |  |  | $ | (1,392) |  |  | 34 | %
Change in fair value of debt derivative liability, related party | 1,200 |  |  | 20,700 |  |  | (19,500) |  |  | (94) | %
Other expense, net | (304) |  |  | (967) |  |  | 663 |  |  | (69) | %
Income tax (expense) benefit | (43) |  |  | 65 |  |  | (108) |  |  | (166) | %

Interest Expense, net
The increase in interest expense, net was primarily a result of increased interest expense of $1.0 million related to the Alcon term loan debt, primarily related to amortization of the debt discount. There were also reductions in capitalized interest of $0.3 million as we consider alternative approaches to generating cash flows from a legacy asset that has not yet generated revenue.
Change in fair value of debt derivative liability, related party
The debt derivative liability, related party, is a set of embedded derivatives recorded at fair value each period. The derivatives represent certain call and put premiums contained in the credit facility that can be exercised upon qualifying events of default or changes in control. Changes in the fair value are recorded as non-operating income or expense.
The change in the fair value of debt derivative liability, related party, in 2025 was primarily caused by the absence of significant changes recognized in 2024. Those changes were primarily due to changes in the probability factors related to the timing of a change in control event. Management moved back the estimated timing of that event following the conclusion of a strategic review process at the end of fiscal year 2024.
Other Expense, net
Other expense, net decreased $0.7 million primarily due to the end of the accumulation of monetary penalties to the preferred stockholders following the filing of late registration statements in October 2024.
Income Tax Benefit or Expense
The income tax benefit or expense primarily consists of current state income tax obligations and a schedule of net deferred federal tax attributes that are substantially offset by valuation allowances and net operating loss carryforwards. Changes in the income tax benefit or expense are driven by the mix of these various items and were not significant for the periods presented.
Results of Operations — Six Months Ended November 24, 2024
Revenues and Gross Profit
Lifecore generates revenues from two integrated activities: CDMO and HA manufacturing. Lifecore generates revenues from the development and manufacture of HA products and provides contract development and aseptic manufacturing services to customers.
Numerous factors can influence gross profit, including HA manufacturing product mix, customer mix, manufacturing costs, timing of production, volume, sales discounts, and charges for excess or obsolete inventory, among others. Many of these factors influence or are interrelated with other factors. The Company includes in cost of goods sold all of the following costs: raw materials (including packaging, syringes, fermentation supplies and purification supplies), direct labor, overhead (including indirect labor, depreciation, and facility-related costs), and shipping and shipping-related costs.
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| Six Months Ended |  | Change
| November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023 |  | Amount |  | %
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CDMO | $ | 45,790 |  |  | $ | 45,217 |  |  | $ | 573 |  |  | 1 | %
HA manufacturing | 11,479 |  |  | 9,455 |  |  | 2,024 |  |  | 21 | %
Total Revenues | 57,269 |  |  | 54,672 |  |  | 2,597 |  |  | 5 | %
Cost of Goods Sold | 40,798 |  |  | 41,987 |  |  | (1,189) |  |  | (3) | %
Gross Profit | $ | 16,471 |  |  | $ | 12,685 |  |  | $ | 3,786 |  |  | 30 | %
Gross Profit Percentage | 28.8 | % |  | 23.2 | % |  | 5.6 | % |  |

The increase in revenues was due to a $2.0 million increase in HA manufacturing revenues primarily due to higher sales volume from our largest customer and a $0.6 million increase in CDMO revenues, which increase comprised $3.3 million of higher sales volume from our largest customer, partially offset by a customer working down inventory levels built in the prior year period of $2.6 million.
The $3.8 million improvement in gross profit is due to a $5.1 million increase in CDMO gross profit which reflected a $3.2 million increase due to price increases to certain customers and a $1.9 million increase due to a favorable sales mix, partially offset by a $1.0 million write-down on existing inventories to their net realizable value and a $0.3 million decrease in HA manufacturing gross profit due to manufacturing variances.
Operating Expenses

| Six Months Ended |  | Change
| November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023 |  | Amount |  | %
Research and development | $ | 4,110 |  |  | $ | 4,244 |  |  | $ | (134) |  |  | (3) | %
Selling, general and administrative | 25,904 |  |  | 18,538 |  |  | 7,366 |  |  | 40 | %
Total Operating Expenses | $ | 30,014 |  |  | $ | 22,782 |  |  | $ | 7,232 |  |  | 32 | %

Research and Development (“R&D”)
R&D expenses consist primarily of product development and commercialization initiatives. R&D expenses are focused on new products and applications for HA-based and non-HA biomaterials. R&D expenses for the six months ended November 24, 2024 were consistent with the prior period.
Selling, General, and Administrative (“SG&A”)
SG&A expenses consist of salaries and related costs for administrative, public company and business development functions as well as legal fees, and consulting fees. Public company costs include compliance, audit, tax, insurance and investor relations.
The increase in SG&A expenses was primarily due to a $4.4 million increase in professional fees, including legal fees related to the civil litigation related to Yucatan Foods, and the stockholder activist settlement. Additionally, non-cash stock-based compensation expense increased by $2.7 million, the majority of which was related to new hire performance stock unit grants to our principal executive officers.
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Non-Operating Income or Expense

| Six Months Ended |  | Change
| November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023 |  | Amount |  | %
Interest expense, net | $ | (10,833) |  |  | $ | (8,010) |  |  | $ | (2,823) |  |  | 35 | %
Change in fair value of debt derivative liability, related party | 2,100 |  |  | 20,900 |  |  | (18,800) |  |  | (90) | %
Other expense, net | (507) |  |  | (1,138) |  |  | 631 |  |  | (55) | %
Income tax expense | (18) |  |  | (23) |  |  | 5 |  |  | (22) | %

Interest Expense, net
The increase in interest expense, net was primarily a result of increased interest expense of $1.9 million related to the Alcon term loan debt, primarily related to amortization of the debt discount. There were also reductions in capitalized interest of $0.6 million as we consider alternative approaches to generating cash flows from a legacy asset that has not yet generated revenue.
Change in fair value of debt derivative liability, related party
The debt derivative liability, related party, is a set of embedded derivatives recorded at fair value each period. The derivatives represent certain call and put premiums contained in the credit facility that can be exercised upon qualifying events of default or changes in control. Changes in the fair value are recorded as non-operating income or expense.
The change in the fair value of debt derivative liability, related party, in 2025 was primarily caused by the absence of significant changes recognized in 2024. Those changes were primarily due to changes in the probability factors related to the timing of a change in control event. Management moved back the estimated timing of that event following the conclusion of a strategic review process at the end of fiscal year 2024.
Other Expense, net
Other expense, net decreased $0.6 million primarily due to the end of the accumulation of monetary penalties to the preferred stockholders following the filing of late registration statements in October 2024.
Income Tax Benefit or Expense
The income tax benefit or expense primarily consists of current state income tax obligations and a schedule of net deferred federal tax attributes that are substantially offset by valuation allowances and net operating loss carryforwards. Changes in the income tax benefit or expense are driven by the mix of these various items and were not significant for the periods presented.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of November 24, 2024, the Company had cash of $9.5 million and had approximately $20.9 million available for borrowing under the Revolving Credit Facility. Under the Revolving Credit Facility, the Company is subject to a springing fixed charge ratio covenant of 1.00:1.00 generally in the event that the Company's available liquidity under the Revolving Credit Facility falls below $2.5 million.
On October 3, 2024, the Company sold 5.9 million shares of its common stock at $4.10 per share for gross proceeds of $24.3 million. Issuance costs of $0.5 million, primarily related to legal and audit fees, were netted against these proceeds. Also in October 2024, the Company received $2.4 million from the lessor of our second building in Chaska, MN related to a lease amendment incentive.
As of November 24, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants under the Term Loan Credit Facility and Revolving Credit Facility.
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The changes in cash for the six months ended November 24, 2024 and November 26, 2023, were attributed to the following:

| Six Months Ended |
| November 24, 2024 |  | November 26, 2023 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income | $ | (22,801) |  |  | $ | 3,464 |  |
Net loss reconciliation adjustments: |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 4,037 |  | 3,934 |
Stock-based compensation | 5,791 |  | 3,110 |
Non-cash interest expense | 9,641 |  | 6,670 |
Change in debt derivative liability | (2,100) |  | (20,900) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities | (1,321) | (1) | (3,319) | (2)
Net cash used in operating activities | (6,753) |  | (7,041) |
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment | (5,862) |  | (9,315) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (5,862) |  | (9,315) |
Issuance of common stock, net of fees | 23,841 |  | — |
Proceeds from finance lease incentive | 2,400 |  | — |
Principal payments on debt and finance leases | (11,659) |  |  | (181) |  |
Impact of stock-based compensation plans | (974) |  | 667 |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 13,608 |  | 486 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 993 |  |  | $ | (15,870) |  |

(1) The primary reason for this use of cash was a $1.6 million decrease in accrued compensation.
(2) The primary reason for this use of cash is a $4.3 million decrease in accounts payable.
Contractual Obligations
The Company’s material contractual obligations for the next five years mainly relate to its debt and lease obligations.
The Company’s future capital requirements will depend on numerous factors, including the progress of its research and development programs; the continued development of marketing, sales and distribution capabilities; the ability of the Company to establish and maintain new and existing licensing arrangements; the costs associated with any legal contingencies and employment-related claims; any decision to pursue acquisition opportunities; the timing and amount, if any, of payments received under licensing and research and development agreements; the costs involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, defending, and enforcing intellectual property rights; the ability to comply with regulatory requirements; the emergence of competitive technology and market forces; the effectiveness of product commercialization activities and arrangements; and other factors. If the Company’s currently available funds, together with the internally generated cash flow from operations are not sufficient to satisfy its capital needs, the Company would be required to seek additional funding through other arrangements with collaborative partners, sale of real estate or other assets, additional debt or bank borrowings and public or private sales of its securities. There can be no assurance that additional funds, if required, will be available to the Company on favorable terms, if at all.
The Company believes that its cash from operations, potential equity offerings, sale of other assets, along with existing cash, and availability under its Revolving Credit Facility will be sufficient to finance its operational and capital requirements for at least the next twelve months.
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Long-term Debt
Refer to Note 10 – Long-term Debt and Note 17 – Subsequent Events to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a description of the terms of the Company outstanding indebtedness, including the Term Loan Credit Facility and Revolving Credit Facility, which is incorporated herein by reference. As of November 24, 2024 and May 26, 2024, the Company had $165,274 and $157,313 in borrowings outstanding under the Term Loan Credit Facility, at an effective annual interest rate of 22.5% for both periods, which includes the amortization of the debt discount. The stated annual interest rate is 10%.
As of November 24, 2024 and May 26, 2024, the Company had $8,500 and $19,691, respectively, in borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility, at an effective annual interest rate of approximately 8% for both periods.
Critical Accounting Estimates
There have been no material changes to the Company’s critical accounting estimates from those disclosed in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report. For a discussion of our critical accounting estimates, refer to “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Estimates” in Part II, Item 7 of the Company’s 2024 Annual Report.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 305 of Regulation S-K is not required for Smaller Reporting Companies.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) of the Exchange Act, we have evaluated, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. Based upon the evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of November 24, 2024, due to the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting that were disclosed in the 2024 Annual Report. The Company is in the process of determining a plan for the remediation of the material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Plan for Remediation of the Material Weaknesses
Management, with the oversight of the Audit Committee, is committed to remediating the control deficiencies. The remediation efforts are intended to both address the identified material weaknesses and to enhance our overall control environment.
Steps taken by management to date include the following:
•Engaged a third-party consultant to assist with remediation efforts, including enhancing our risk assessment, evaluating gaps in current processes and controls, and developing a remediation plan.
•We have committed to adding a sufficient number of qualified personnel within our accounting and finance team with the appropriate qualified experience in financial reporting, consolidations, technical accounting, and application of U.S. GAAP.
In addition to the above efforts undertaken, the Company plans to initiate the following steps intended to remediate the material weaknesses described above and strengthen its internal control over financial reporting:
•Performing an updated risk assessment responsive to changes in the business and establishing processes to update timely for future changes.
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•Implementing new and enhanced controls and procedures responsive to our risk assessment at an appropriate level of precision related to management review and the completeness of controls required to support the financial reporting framework.
•Conducting broad-based training over the application of the 2013 COSO Framework for key process owners and control operators.
•Implementing a Section 302 sub-certification program by business leadership and process owners to reinforce the Company’s culture of compliance.
•Evaluating accounting policies and procedures by performing a detailed review of the Company’s policies against GAAP and SEC reporting checklists.
•Establishing and implementing a SOX Steering Committee.
•Implementing a process to identify and maintain the information required to support the functioning of internal controls over financial reporting.
•Enhancing reviews of non-recurring transactions, including preparing technical accounting memos and consulting with subject matter experts, as needed.
•Expanding the Internal Audit function to perform timely assessment of design and operating effectiveness of controls and evaluation of remediation of control deficiencies.
The material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until management designs and implements effective controls that operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are effective. As we continue to evaluate operating effectiveness and monitor improvements to our internal control over financial reporting, we may take additional measures to address control deficiencies or modify the remediation plan described above.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Except for the remediation planning efforts described above, there have been no changes in our system of internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended November 24, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in various legal proceedings and claims. For further discussion, see the disclosures contained in Note 1 – Organization, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Legal Contingencies, which are incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
You should carefully consider the risks described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of the 2024 Annual Report, as our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected by any of the risks and uncertainties described therein and herein. Some statements in this report, including statements in the risk factors, constitute forward-looking statements. These risks are not the only risks that may affect us. Additional risks that we are not aware of or do not believe are material at the time of this filing may also become important factors that adversely affect our business. There have been no material changes to our risk factors as previously disclosed under Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” in the 2024 Annual Report.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans
During the six months ended November 24, 2024, none of our directors and executive officers adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit Title
10.1 |  | Limited Waiver Under and Third Amendment to that certain Credit and Guaranty Agreement, dated May 22, 2023, by and among Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., Curation Foods, Inc. and Lifecore Biomedical Operating Company, Inc., as borrowers, certain other subsidiaries of Lifecore Biomedical, Inc. party thereto, as guarantors, and Alcon Research, LLC, as lender, administrative agent and collateral agent, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 26, 2024.
10.2 |  | Limited Waiver Under and Ninth Amendment to that certain Credit Agreement, dated December 31, 2020, by and among Lifecore Biomedical, Inc., Curation Foods, Inc. and Lifecore Biomedical Operating Company, Inc., as borrowers, certain other subsidiaries of Lifecore Biomedical, Inc. party thereto, as guarantors, and BMO Bank, N.A., as lender and administrative agent, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 26, 2024.
31.1+ |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2+ |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1+** |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2+** |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS+ |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document–the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File as its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
101.SCH+ |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbase Documents
104+ |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

+ Filed herewith.
** Information is furnished and shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| LIFECORE BIOMEDICAL, INC.
| By: | /s/ Paul Josephs
|  | Paul Josephs
|  | President and Chief Executive Officer
|  | (Principal Executive Officer)
| By: | /s/ Ryan D. Lake
|  | Ryan D. Lake
|  | Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
|  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Date: January 2, 2025
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