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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Aug. 31, 2022
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
Principles of Consolidation | Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements of the Company include the accounts of Pure Cycle Corporation and its two wholly-owned and controlled subsidiaries, PCY Holdings, LLC and PCYO Home Rentals, LLC. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Coronavirus (COVID-19) | Coronavirus (COVID-19) Since early 2020, COVID-19 has caused substantial disruption in international and U.S. economies and markets. The impacts of COVID-19 are continuing but have lessened as vaccines have become widely available in the U.S, although there have been periodic increases in the number of cases in the U.S. due to the spread of COVID-19 variants. COVID-19 has resulted in government restrictions of various degrees and effective at various times, including stay-at-home orders, bans on travel, limitations on the size of gatherings, limitations on the operations of businesses deemed non-essential, closures of work facilities, schools, public buildings and businesses, cancellation of events (including entertainment events, conferences, and meetings), quarantines, mask mandates and social distancing measures. Due to the outbreak of COVID-19 and related restrictions, Phase 2A of Sky Ranch was delayed due to the extended time taken to approve the platted lots through the county government.
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates are used to account for certain items such as revenue recognition, reimbursable costs and expenses, costs of revenue for lot sales, share-based compensation, deferred tax asset valuation, and the useful lives and recoverability of long-lived assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates. During fiscal 2021, the Company determined the reimbursable public improvements, project management fees and interest income related to the Sky Ranch community being developed by Pure Cycle were probable of collectability. Historically, due to a lack of tax base and no operating history for the Sky Ranch Community Authority Board (Sky Ranch CAB), the Company was unable to estimate when or if it would receive payment for these items and deferred recognition of them until cash was received. As a result of an established and growing tax base resulting from the success of the initial development, increases in housing values in Colorado, added mill levies, and additional unencumbered fees received by the Sky Ranch CAB, Pure Cycle believes repayment of the public improvements, payment of the project management fees, and interest income are deemed probable. Based on this Pure Cycle recognizes these items in the consolidated financial statements as they occur. The timing and amount of potential payments have been estimated based on growth trends utilizing current assessed values and historic growth rates which have been projected to current and contracted lot sales through the contractual obligation period.
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents include all highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less. The Company had no cash equivalents as of August 31, 2022 or 2021. At various times during the fiscal year ended August 31, 2022, the Company’s main operating account exceeded federally insured limits. To date, the Company has never suffered a loss due to such excess balance.
Contract Asset | Contract Asset Contract assets reflect revenue which has been earned but not yet invoiced. Contract assets are transferred to receivables when the Company has the right to bill such amounts and they are invoiced. Contract receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Credit is extended based on the evaluation of a customer’s financial condition and collateral is not required. At August 31, 2022, August 31, 2021, and September 1, 2020, the Company had no contract assets.
Land Under Development | Land Under Development The land under development account primarily includes land stated at cost which Pure Cycle is developing and plans to sell. Pure Cycle began developing its Sky Ranch property in 2018. Pure Cycle capitalizes certain legal, engineering, design, permitting, land acquisition, and construction costs related to the development at Sky Ranch that meet the Company’s capitalization criteria for improvements to a lot. These costs are capitalized as incurred. The Company uses the specific identification method for purposes of accumulating land development costs and allocates costs to each lot to determine the cost basis for each lot sold. Prior to fiscal 2021, costs included in the land under development accounts included common area costs Pure Cycle funded through the Sky Ranch CAB when collectability of such reimbursable costs was not considered probable. However, in fiscal 2021, because the Company believes these costs have and will be reimbursed by the Sky Ranch CAB, those costs are now reflected in a note receivable account from the Sky Ranch CAB since management believes collectability is deemed probable due to increases in mill levies resulting from remaining phases being in a different taxing district, the increased tax base resulting from completed homes and lots under contract, as well as other relevant factors impacting the Sky Ranch CAB’s future liquidity. As a result the land under development accounts primarily contain costs directly attributable to lots to be sold, which will not be reimbursed, but will be expensed as land cost of sales as lots are being completed and sold on a lot-by-lot basis. The Company measures land under development costs held for sale at the lower of the carrying value or net realizable value. In determining net realizable value, the Company primarily relies upon the most recent comparable sales prices. If recent sales prices are not available, the Company will consider several factors, including, but not limited to, current market conditions, nearby recent sales transactions, and market analysis studies. If the net realizable value is lower than the current carrying value, the land is written down to its net realizable value.
Notes Receivable - Sky Ranch CAB | Notes Receivable – Sky Ranch CAB As noted above and described in greater detail in Note 5, the Sky Ranch CAB is responsible for building certain public improvements at Sky Ranch, for which the Company provided the funding to the Sky Ranch CAB and which is reimbursable to the Company. Prior to fiscal 2021, the repayment of the public improvement reimbursable costs was contingent upon the Sky Ranch CAB issuing bonds or generating enough funds to repay the Company such that collectability was deemed probable. As the Sky Ranch CAB’s mill levy share increased, home values continued to rise, and more lots were sold, the current tax base and related future revenues have grown at Sky Ranch. The Sky Ranch CAB is expected to repay the Company; it has made multiple payments to date to the Company. The Company has determined the reimbursement of public improvement costs, for which the Company has an enforceable right to payment for costs incurred, are probable of collection. Therefore, the Company will recognize the reimbursable public improvements costs incurred to date at Sky Ranch in the Notes receivable – related party, reimbursable public improvements account on the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.
Concentration of Credit Risk | Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents and investments. From time to time, the Company places its cash in money market instruments, certificates of deposit and U.S. government treasury obligations. To date, the Company has not experienced significant losses on any of these investments.
Fair Value | The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument for which it is practicable to estimate that value. The Company uses a fair value hierarchy that has three levels of inputs, both observable and unobservable, with use of the lowest possible level of significant input to determine where within the fair value hierarchy the measurement falls. The estimated fair value measurements in Note 2 are based on Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Cash and cash equivalents – The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are reported using the values as reported by the financial institution where the funds are held. These securities primarily include balances in the Company’s operating and savings accounts. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximate fair value. Trade accounts receivable – Trade accounts receivable are reported net of allowances for uncollectible accounts and the carrying values approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of the receivables. Restricted cash – The Company has entered into four separate cash-secured performance standby letter of credit agreements with its primary bank to provide assurance the Company will perform on various construction agreements. As of August 31, 2022, the four letters of credit totaled $2.3 million, which are fully secured by cash held in a restricted account at the bank, which approximates its fair value as it is cash held in a savings account. Notes receivable – related parties – The carrying amounts of the notes receivable – related parties (with the Rangeview Metropolitan District (Rangeview District) and the Sky Ranch CAB approximate their fair value because the interest rates on the notes approximate market rates. Accounts payable – The carrying amounts of accounts payable approximate fair value due to the relatively short period to maturity for these instruments. Debt – The carrying amounts of the Company’s debt approximate fair value because the rates are floating rates based on the prime lending rate, which approximates market rates. Long-term financial liabilities – The Comprehensive Amendment Agreement No. 1 (CAA) is comprised of a recorded balance and an unrecorded or “contingent” obligation associated with the Company’s acquisition of its “Rangeview Water Supply” (as defined in Note 4). The amount payable is a fixed amount but is repayable only upon the sale of “Export Water” (as defined in Note 4 ). Because of the uncertainty of the sale of Export Water, the Company has determined that the contingent portion of the CAA does not have a readily determinable fair value. The CAA is described further in Note 6. Unrecorded Instruments – The Company’s unrecorded financial instruments consist entirely of the contingent portion of the CAA. Because repayment of this portion of the CAA is contingent on the sale of Export Water, which is not reasonably estimable, the Company has determined that the contingent portion of the CAA does not have a determinable fair value. See further discussion in Note 6.
Trade Accounts Receivable | Trade Accounts Receivable The Company records accounts receivable net of allowances for uncollectible accounts. The Company has recorded an allowance for uncollectible accounts in receivables from continuing operations totaling less than $0.1 million for the periods ended August 31, 2022 and 2021. The allowance for uncollectible accounts was determined based on a specific review of all past due accounts.
Recoverability of Long-Lived Assets | Recoverability of Long-Lived Assets The Company evaluates its long-lived assets for impairment if the Company determines events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Estimates of future cash flows and timing of events for evaluating long-lived assets for impairment are based upon management’s assumptions and market conditions. If any of its long-lived assets are deemed to be impaired, the amount of impairment to be recognized is the excess of the carrying amount of the assets over its fair value. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell. During the years ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not identify any indications of impairment loss. ​
Capitalized Costs of Water and Wastewater Systems | Costs to construct water and wastewater systems that meet the Company’s capitalization criteria are capitalized as incurred, including interest, if applicable, and depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of up to 30 years. The Company capitalizes design and construction costs related to construction activities, and it capitalizes certain legal, engineering and permitting costs relating to the adjudication and improvement of its water assets.
Depreciation and Depletion Charges | The Company depletes its water assets that are being utilized based on units produced (i.e., thousands of gallons sold) divided by the total volume of water adjudicated in the water decrees.
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition The Company disaggregates revenue by major product line as reported on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. The Company currently generates revenues through its two business segments. Revenues are derived through its wholesale water and wastewater business and through the sale of developed land primarily for residential lots, both of which businesses are described below. Water and Wastewater Resource Development Segment Revenues Pure Cycle generates revenues through its wholesale water and wastewater business predominantly from the items described below. Because these items are separately delivered and distinct, Pure Cycle accounts for each of the items separately. Monthly water usage and wastewater treatment fees – Pure Cycle provides water and wastewater services to customers, for which the customers are charged monthly usage fees. Water usage fees are assessed to customers based on actual metered usage each month plus a base monthly service fee assessed per single family equivalent (SFE) unit served. One SFE is a customer, whether residential, commercial or industrial, that imparts a demand on the Company’s water or wastewater systems similar to the demand of a family of four persons living in a single-family house on a standard-sized lot. Water usage pricing is based on a tiered pricing structure. Pure Cycle recognizes wholesale water usage revenues at a point in time upon delivering water to its customers or its governmental customers’ end-use customers, as applicable. Revenues recognized by Pure Cycle from the sale of “Export Water” and other portions of its “Rangeview Water Supply” off the “Lowry Range” are reported net of royalties to the State of Colorado Board of Land Commissioners (Land Board). Pure Cycle is the distributor of the Export Water and sets pricing for the sale of Export Water. Revenues recognized by Pure Cycle from the sale of water on the Lowry Range are shown net of royalties paid to the Land Board and amounts retained by the Rangeview District. For water sales on the Lowry Range, the Rangeview District is directly selling the water and deemed the primary distributor of the water. The Rangeview District sets the price for the water sales on the Lowry Range. See further description of “Export Water,” the “Lowry Range,” and the “Rangeview Water Supply” in Note 4 under “Rangeview Water Supply and Water System.” Pure Cycle also sells raw water for industrial uses, mainly to oil and gas companies for use in the drilling processes (referred to as “O&G operations”). O&G operations revenues are recognized at a point in time upon delivering water to the customer, unless other special arrangements are made. During the years ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company delivered 404.9 million and 257.8 million gallons of water to customers. Of this, 70% and 60% was sold to O&G operators. Pure Cycle recognizes wastewater treatment revenues monthly based on a flat monthly fee and actual usage charges. The monthly wastewater treatment fees are shown net of amounts retained by the Rangeview District. Costs of delivering water and providing wastewater service to customers are recognized as incurred. Water and wastewater tap fees and construction fees/special facility funding – Pure Cycle has various water and wastewater service agreements, components of which may require the payment of tap fees. A tap constitutes a right to connect to the wholesale water and wastewater systems through a service line to a residential or commercial building or property, and once granted, the customer may make a physical tap into the wholesale line(s) to connect its property to Pure Cycle’s water and/or wastewater systems. The right stays with the property upon sale or transfer. Pure Cycle has no obligation to physically connect the property to the lines. Once connected to the water and/or wastewater systems, the customer has live service and the ability to receive metered water deliveries from Pure Cycle’s system and send wastewater into Pure Cycle’s system. Thus, once the connection right is granted, the customer has full control of the connection right as it can obtain all the benefits from this right. Therefore, management has determined that tap fees are separate and distinct performance obligations that are recognized at a point in time. Pure Cycle recognizes water and wastewater tap fee revenues when Pure Cycle grants the right for the customer to connect to the water or wastewater service line to obtain service, and the customer pays the tap fee. During the years ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, Pure Cycle recognized $4.1 million and $4.4 million of water tap fee revenues. The water tap fees recognized are based on the amounts billed by the Rangeview District to customers, after deduction of royalties due to the Land Board for water taps, if applicable, and net of amounts paid to third parties pursuant to the CAA as further described in Note 7. During the years ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $0.8 million and $0.8 million of wastewater tap fee revenues. Pure Cycle recognizes construction fees, including fees received to construct “special facilities,” over time as the construction is completed because the customer is generally able to use the property improvement to enhance the value of other assets during the construction period. Special facilities are facilities that enable water to be delivered to a single customer and are not otherwise classified as a typical wholesale facility or retail facility. Temporary infrastructure required prior to construction of permanent water and wastewater systems or transmission pipelines to transfer water from one location to another are examples of special facilities. Management has determined that special facilities are separate and distinct performance obligations because these projects are contracted to construct a specific water and wastewater system or transmission pipeline and typically do not include multiple performance obligations in a contract with a customer. For the years ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, Pure Cycle recognized $0.2 million and $0.4 million of special facilities revenue. As of August 31, 2022 and 2021, Pure Cycle had no contract liabilities related to tap and construction fee/special facility funding revenue. Consulting fees – Pure Cycle can receive, typically monthly, fees from customers including municipalities and area water providers, for contract operations services. Consulting fees are recognized monthly based on a flat monthly fee plus charges for additional work performed. For the years ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, Pure Cycle recognized less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million of consulting fees. These fees are classified in Special facility projects and other income. Land Development Segment Revenues Pure Cycle generates revenues through its land development business predominantly from the sources described below. Because these items are separately delivered and distinct, Pure Cycle accounts for each of the items separately. Sale of finished lots – Pure Cycle acquired approximately 930 acres of land zoned as a Master Planned Community known as Sky Ranch. Pure Cycle has entered into multiple purchase and sale agreements with home builders pursuant to which Pure Cycle agreed to sell, and each builder agreed to purchase, residential lots at Sky Ranch. Pure Cycle began Phase 1 in March 2018 and broke ground on Phase 2 in February 2021. As of August 31, 2022, Phase 1 is complete and includes 509 lots, of which 505 were sold to three homebuilders and the remainder were retained by Pure Cycle for use in its single-family rental business. Phase 2 is planned to have 850 lots (804 under contract with homebuilders and 46 retained for use in the single-family rental business) and is being developed in four subphases (referred to as Phase 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D). Phase 2A broke ground in February 2021, includes a total of 229 lots, of which 219 lots were sold to home builders and 10 were retained for use in the single-family rental business. The timing of cash flows from Phase 2, consistent with Phase 1, includes certain milestone deliveries, including, but not limited to, completion of governmental approvals for final plats, installation of wet utility public improvements, and final completion of lot deliveries. Pure Cycle sells lots at Sky Ranch pursuant to distinct agreements with each builder. These agreements require the same level of construction for all lots and builders, the primary difference in the agreements is the timing of payments and timing of the transfer of ownership of the lots. Pure Cycle’s lot sales agreements require payments under one of the two following structures:
| (1) | Upon the substantial completion of the finished lot, whereby the builder pays for a ready-to-build finished lot and the sales price is paid in a lump-sum upon substantial completion of the finished lot (typically subject to completion of related public improvements by the Sky Ranch CAB) that is permit ready. Depending on timing of delivery of the finished lot to the builder, Pure Cycle may still have unfulfilled contract performance obligations related to the timing of completion of public improvements and other amenities. If these unfulfilled obligations are deemed other than insignificant, the company follows format 2 and recognizes revenue over time based on the estimated progress using overall costs incurred to date compared to total estimated costs from the period of time the lot is delivered until the remaining performance obligations are substantially completed.
| (2) | As certain construction milestones are achieved, which include payments due as follows pursuant to a lot development agreement with the builder: (i) payment upon the delivery of platted lots (which requires Pure Cycle to deliver deeded title to individual lots), (ii) a second payment upon the completion of certain infrastructure milestones, and (iii) final payment upon the delivery of the finished lot. Typically these lots are also subject to completion of related public improvements by the Sky Ranch CAB after all three payments have been received.
Under the first payment structure, the builder (i.e., the customer) takes control/ownership of the lot at the time payment is received and the lot is substantially complete. Under the second payment structure, the builder takes control/ownership at the first closing, or delivery of the platted lots. Under both payment scenarios Pure Cycle has subsequent improvements to make to the lot to either improve the builder’s lot and/or complete its performance obligations of managing the public improvements required to complete the neighborhood, which includes items such as fencing, final utility installation, and landscaping. Because Pure Cycle has obligations remaining under the contracts, Pure Cycle accounts for lot sales revenue over time as construction progresses, with progress measured based upon costs incurred to date compared to total expected costs for a particular construction phase (i.e. for Phase 2A). Any revenue in excess of amounts entitled to be billed is reflected on the balance sheet as a contract asset, and amounts received in excess of revenue recognized are recorded as deferred revenue. Pure Cycle does not have any material significant payment terms as all payments are expected to be received within a few months after invoicing. Pure Cycle adopted the practical expedient for financing components and does not need to account for a financing component of these lot sales as the delivery of lot sales is expected to occur within one year. For the years ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, Pure Cycle recognized $12.2 million and $5.8 million of lot sale revenue related to Phase 2A and Phase 1 at Sky Ranch for over time recognition of the performance obligations using the percentage-of-completion methods for each builder contract in each phase. Pure Cycle recognized $1.6 million of revenue at a point in time upon the delivery of finished lots to the builder for the year ended August 31, 2021. Since development of Sky Ranch began through August 31, 2022, Pure Cycle has received payments totaling $26.2 million related to the agreements with builders in Phase 1 and $18.4 million in Phase 2A. Of the amounts received for Phase 1, as of August 31, 2022, all $26.2 million has been recognized as revenue as Phase 1 is complete. Of the amounts received for Phase 2A, as of August 31, 2022, $14.1 million has been recognized as revenue as Phase 2A is approximately 76% complete. As of August 31, 2022, $4.3 million of revenue has been deferred related to Phase 2A contracts, which will be recognized over time as the Company completes its performance obligations of managing the completion of the public improvements in Phase 2A, which includes items such as fencing, final utility installation, and landscaping. Such completion is expected by the end of fiscal 2023. Reimbursable Costs for Public Improvements – The Sky Ranch CAB is obligated to construct certain public improvements at Sky Ranch. Public improvements are items that are not associated with an individual lot or home, but can be used by the public, whether living in Sky Ranch or not. Public improvements include items such as roads, curbs, sidewalks, landscaping, and parks but also includes items such as water distribution systems, sewer collection systems, storm water systems, and drainage improvements. These public improvements are constructed pursuant to design standards specified by local governmental jurisdictions including the Sky Ranch Metropolitan District Nos. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 (collectively, the Sky Ranch Districts), the Sky Ranch CAB, Arapahoe County, and the local stormwater authority and, after inspection and acceptance, are turned over to the applicable governmental entity to own, operate and maintain. Pursuant to agreements between the Company and the Sky Ranch CAB (see Note 15), the Company is obligated to provide advance funding to the Sky Ranch CAB related to the construction of these public improvements pursuant to a note. Because public improvements are utilized by more than just a single home, the costs are typically reimbursed through property tax assessments, fees, and other funding mechanisms like municipal bonds. Although the Company is developing Sky Ranch in phases, the Sky Ranch CAB collects taxes and fees for the entire community and those funds are available to repay the Company regardless of the location of the public improvement (except for certain regional public improvements). Additional information about the amounts spent on public improvements as well as amounts repaid are further detailed in Note 5. The Company evaluates the notes receivable - related parties, reimbursable public improvements for indicators of impairment each reporting period and an impairment charge will be incurred for any amounts deemed uncollectible. The note receivable from the Sky Ranch CAB bears an interest rate of six percent (6%) per annum until paid. To date no impairment has been recorded for the reimbursable amounts on the note receivable. Project management services – Pursuant to two Service Agreements for Project Management Services (Project Management Agreements) with the Sky Ranch CAB, Pure Cycle acts as the project manager and provides the services required to deliver the Sky Ranch CAB-eligible public improvements (see discussion of reimbursable public improvements above and in Note 5), including but not limited to Sky Ranch CAB compliance; planning design and approvals; project administration; contractor agreements; and construction management and administration. Pure Cycle is responsible for all expenses it incurs in the performance of the Project Management Agreements and is not entitled to any reimbursement or compensation except as set forth in the Project Management Agreements, unless otherwise approved in advance by the Sky Ranch CAB in writing. Pure Cycle receives a project management fee of five percent (5%) of actual qualifying construction costs of Sky Ranch CAB-eligible public improvements. The project management fee is based only on the actual costs of the improvements; thus, items such as fees, permits, review fees, and land acquisition or any other costs that are not directly related to the cost of construction of Sky Ranch CAB-eligible public improvements are not included in the calculation of the project management fee. Soft costs and other costs incurred by Pure Cycle that are not directly related to the construction of Sky Ranch CAB-eligible public improvements are included in the land under development account and accounted for in the same manner as construction support activities as described below. Per the Project Management Agreements, no payment is required by the Sky Ranch CAB with respect to project management fees unless and until the Sky Ranch CAB and/or the Sky Ranch Districts have sufficient funds from tax assessment, fees or the issuance of municipal bonds in an amount sufficient to reimburse Pure Cycle for all or a portion of advances provided or expenses incurred for construction of public improvements that qualify as reimbursable expenses. Historically, the recognition of project management revenue was deferred as the payment was deemed contingent on a sufficient tax base and/or the issuance of municipal bonds for collectability to be considered probable. Due to an approved increase in the mill levy due to the remaining phases being in a different taxing district, the completion of Phase 1, higher than projected assessed home values, and the increase in lots under contract, Pure Cycle has determined that it is probable that the Sky Ranch CAB reimbursement to Pure Cycle for its project management fees, for which service has previously been provided is collectible. Additional information on the Project Management fees and treatment of the related receivables is included in Note 5 below. Construction support activities – Pure Cycle performs certain construction activities at Sky Ranch. The activities performed include construction and maintenance of the grading erosion and sediment control, best management practices and other construction-related services. For Phase 1, these activities are invoiced to the Sky Ranch CAB upon completion and will be recognized in the land under development account or Notes receivable – related party, dependent upon whether collectability is deemed to be reasonably assured. The Phase 2 activities are invoiced based on an agreement between Pure Cycle and the Sky Ranch CAB. The amounts are invoiced and recognized as special facility projects revenue and is a component in trade accounts receivable, net. For the years ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $0.1 million and $0.1 million related to construction support activities at Sky Ranch
Deferred Revenue | Deferred Revenue As noted above, the Company recognizes certain lot sales over time as construction activities progress for lots sold pursuant to lot development agreements and not when payment is received. Based on this, the Company will frequently receive milestone payments before revenue can be recognized (i.e. prior to the Company completing cumulative progress which faithfully represents the transfer of goods and services to the customer) which results in the Company recording deferred revenue. The Company recognizes this revenue into income as control of lots are transferred to the homebuilder, generally from the period title to a lot is transferred until all construction activities (including public improvements the Company oversees) for that phase or subphase are completed and turned over to the governmental agency that will maintain the asset. As construction activities progress, which is measured based on amount of costs incurred to total expected costs of the project (i.e. Phase 2A) which management believes is a faithful representation of the transfer of goods and services to the customer. Prior to fiscal 2021, the Company received up-front payments for certain oil and gas leases which permitted an oil and gas operator priority rights to water deliveries over a specified period of time. As the Company was not required to perform on its delivery obligations when the payments were received, recognition of revenue was deferred and was recognized on a straight-line basis over the agreement term. All up-front payments have been fully recognized as of the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The Company also received an up-front payment from an oil and gas industrial customer to reserve priority water for their operations. The Company recognized this revenue based either on actual usage each reporting period or based on amounts which had expired pursuant to the agreement. The customer had up to one year from the invoice date to use such water. The customer did not use the water in the contract period which ended in January 2021, and such water was forfeited by the customer resulting in the Company recognizing revenue of $1.2 million. During fiscal 2022, the Company received up-front payments from an oil and gas industrial customer for future drilling needs. The customer paid deposits on three different occasions for an estimated 25% of future water usage to reduce future cash payments when drilling. The customer drilled, during fiscal 2022, wells utilizing two of the three deposits paid. For the year ended August 31, 2022, the Company had deferred revenue of $0.5 million for drilling activities expected to commence in early calendar year 2023. As of August 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s deferred revenues along with the changes in the deferred revenues are as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year Ended August 31, 2022
​ | ​ | Water and Wastewater Resource Development | ​ | Land Development | ​ | Total
(In thousands) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance at August 31, 2021 | ​ | $ | 410 | ​ | $ | 1,995 | ​ | $ | 2,405
Revenue recognized | ​ | ​ | (791) | ​ | ​ | (11,434) | ​ | ​ | (12,225)
Revenue deferred | ​ | ​ | 951 | ​ | ​ | 13,714 | ​ | ​ | 14,665
Balance at August 31, 2022 | ​ | $ | 570 | ​ | $ | 4,275 | ​ | $ | 4,845
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year Ended August 31, 2021
​ | ​ | Water and Wastewater Resource Development | ​ | Land Development | ​ | Total
Balance at August 31, 2020 | ​ | $ | 1,965 | ​ | $ | 1,635 | ​ | $ | 3,600
Revenue recognized | ​ | ​ | (4,521) | ​ | ​ | (3,558) | ​ | ​ | (8,079)
Revenue deferred | ​ | ​ | 2,966 | ​ | ​ | 3,918 | ​ | ​ | 6,884
Balance at August 31, 2021 | ​ | $ | 410 | ​ | $ | 1,995 | ​ | $ | 2,405
​ When recognized, the amounts reflected as unearned revenue will be recorded in lot sales, metered water usage from oil and gas operations, or Other income oil and gas lease income, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
Royalty and Other Obligations | Royalty and Other Obligations Revenues from the sale of Export Water are shown gross of royalties payable to the Land Board. Revenues from the sale of water on the Lowry Range are invoiced directly by the Rangeview District, and a percentage of such collections are then paid to the Company by the Rangeview District. Water revenue from such sales are shown net of royalties paid to the Land Board and amounts retained by the Rangeview District.
Oil and Gas Lease Payments | Oil and Gas Lease Payments As further described in Note 4 below, on March 10, 2011, the Company entered a Paid-Up Oil and Gas Lease (Sky Ranch O&G Lease) and a Surface Use and Damage Agreement that have been assigned to various other oil and gas companies as a result of acquisitions. Six wells have been drilled within the Company’s mineral interest and placed into service (four new wells beginning in fiscal 2021) and are producing oil and gas and accruing royalties to the Company. During the years ended August 31, 2022, and 2021, the Company received $0.5 million and $0.3 million, in royalties attributable to these wells. The Company classifies income from lease and royalty payments as Other income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income as the Company does not consider these arrangements to be an operating business activity. Oil and gas operations, although material in certain years, are deemed a passive activity as the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) does not actively allocate resources to these projects; therefore, this is not classified as a reportable segment.
Share-based Compensation | Share-based Compensation The Company maintains a stock option plan for the benefit of its employees and non-employee directors. The Company recognizes share-based compensation costs as expenses over the applicable vesting period of the stock award using the straight-line method. The compensation costs to be expensed are measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award. The Company has adopted the alternative transition method for calculating the tax effects of share-based compensation, which allows for a simplified method of calculating the tax effects of employee share-based compensation. The impact on the income tax provision for the granting and exercise of stock options during each of the years ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, was immaterial. During the years ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $0.6 million and $0.5 million of share-based compensation expense.
Income Taxes | Income Taxes The Company uses a “more-likely-than-not” threshold for the recognition and de-recognition of tax positions, including any potential interest and penalties relating to tax positions taken by the Company. The Company does not have any significant unrecognized tax benefits as of August 31, 2022. The Company records deferred tax assets and liabilities for the estimated future tax effects of temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and amounts reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, as well as operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. The Company measures deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates expected to be applied to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The Company files income tax returns with the Internal Revenue Service and the State of Colorado. The tax years that remain subject to examination are fiscal 2017 through fiscal 2022. The Company does not believe there will be any material changes in its unrecognized tax positions over the next 12 months. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties accrued on any unrecognized tax positions as a component of income tax expense. At August 31, 2022, the Company did not have any accrued interest or penalties associated with any unrecognized tax benefits, nor was any interest expense recognized during the year ended August 31, 2021.
Earnings per Common Share | Earnings per Common Share Basic earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per share is computed similarly but reflects the potential dilution that would occur if dilutive options were exercised and all unvested share-based payment awards were vested. Certain outstanding options are excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation because they are anti-dilutive (i.e., their assumed conversion into common stock would increase rather than decrease earnings per share).
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements | Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements The Company continually assesses any new accounting pronouncements to determine their applicability. When it is determined that a new accounting pronouncement affects the Company’s financial reporting, the Company undertakes a study to determine the consequence of the change to its consolidated financial statements and to ensure that there are proper controls in place to ascertain that the Company’s consolidated financial statements properly reflect the change. New pronouncements assessed by the Company recently are discussed below: In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (ASU 2016-13). Among other things, ASU 2016-13 requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Companies will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. ASU 2016-13 was set to be effective for public companies on January 1, 2021; however, the FASB delayed the effective date for smaller reporting companies, which for the Company the effective date is September 1, 2023. The Company continues to monitor economic implications of the COVID-19 pandemic and is analyzing how the adoption of ASU 2016-13 might impact its notes receivable from the Sky Ranch CAB and the Rangeview District, but the Company does not anticipate ASU 2016-12 having a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Management has evaluated other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe that any of these pronouncements will have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. ​
Reclassifications | Reclassifications The Company has reclassified certain prior year information to conform to the current year presentation.

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