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Allowance for Credit Losses | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Allowance for Credit Loss [Abstract] |
Allowance for Credit Losses | 5. ALLO WANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES The segments of the Company’s loan portfolio are disaggregated to a level that allows management to monitor risk and performance. The loan segments used are consistent with the internal reports evaluated by the Company’s management and Board of Directors to monitor risk and performance within various segments of its loan portfolio and, therefore, no further disaggregation is considered necessary. The Company’s loan portfolio consists primarily of real estate loans on commercial and residential property. The portfolio also includes agricultural loans, commercial loans, municipal loans, and consumer loans. The Company’s primary lending activity is the origination of commercial loans extended to small and mid-sized commercial and industrial entities. Commercial loans are primarily underwritten on the basis of the borrowers’ ability to service such debt from income. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. As a general practice, the Company takes as collateral a security interest in any equipment, or other chattel, although loans may also be made on an unsecured basis. Collateralized working capital loans typically are secured by short-term assets whereas long-term loans are primarily secured by long-term assets. Construction and Land loans are to finance the construction of owner-occupied and income producing properties. These loans are categorized within commercial or one-to-four family residential loans based upon the underlying collateral and intended use following the completion of the construction period. Real estate development and construction loans are approved based on an analysis of the borrower and guarantor, the viability of the project and on an acceptable percentage of the appraised value of the property securing the loan. Construction loan funds are disbursed periodically based on the percentage of construction or development completed. The Company carefully monitors these loans with on-site inspections and requires the receipt of lien waivers on funds advanced. The Company considers the market conditions and feasibility of proposed projects, the financial condition and reputation of the borrower and guarantors, the amount of the borrower’s equity in the project, independent appraisals, cost estimates and pre-construction sale information. The Company also makes loans on occasion for the purchase of land for future development by the borrower. Land loans are extended for the future development for either commercial or residential use by the borrower. The Company carefully analyzes the intended use of the property and the viability thereof. The Company’s commercial real estate loans consist of mortgage loans secured by nonresidential real estate, such as by apartment buildings, small office buildings, and owner-occupied properties. Commercial real estate loans are secured by the subject property and are underwritten based on loan to value limits, cash flow coverage and general creditworthiness of the obligors. These loans tend to involve larger loan balances and their repayment is typically dependent upon the successful operation and management of the underlying real estate. Residential real estate loans are underwritten based on the borrower’s repayment capacity and source, value of the underlying property, credit history and stability. These loans are secured by a first or second mortgage on the borrower’s principal residence or their second/vacation home (excluding investment/rental property). In addition to the main types of loans discussed above, the Company also originates agricultural loans, consumer loans, and municipal loans. The agricultural loan portfolio consists of loans to local farmers and agricultural businesses that are generally secured by farmland and equipment. The consumer loan portfolio consists of lending in the form of home equity loans secured by financed property and personal consumer loans, which may be secured or unsecured. The municipal loan portfolio consists of loans to qualified local municipalities, which are generally supported by the taxing authority of the borrowing municipality, and is frequently secured by collateral. Management systematically monitors the loan portfolio and the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis to provide for expected losses inherent in the portfolio. For segments determined by discounted cash flow analysis, the Company's estimate of future economic conditions utilized in its estimate is primarily dependent on the Federal Open Market Committee's forecasts related to Real Gross Domestic Product and Unemployment rate. For segments determined by the remaining life method, an average loss rate is generally calculated based on peer losses and applied to the future outstanding loan balances at quarter end. Certain qualitative factors are then added to the historical allocation percentage to get the adjusted factor to be applied to non-classified loans. The following qualitative factors are analyzed for each portfolio segment: • Levels of and trends in delinquencies • Trends in volume and terms • Changes in collateral • Changes in management and lending staff • Economic trends • Concentrations of credit • Changes in lending policies • External factors • Changes in underwriting process • Trends in credit quality ratings These qualitative factors are reviewed each quarter and adjusted based upon relevant changes within the portfolio. The total allowance reflects management’s estimate of credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the Consolidated Balance Sheet date. The Company considers the allowance for credit losses adequate to cover expected credit losses in the loan portfolio at December 31, 2023. The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for credit losses by loan segment for the year ended December 31, 2023.
|  | Beginning balance |  |  | Impact of adopting ASC 326 |  |  | Allowance for credit loss on PCD acquired loans |  |  | Charge-offs |  |  | Recoveries |  |  | Provision for credit losses |  |  | Ending balance |
(In Thousands) |  | For the Year Ended December 31, 2023 |
Allowance for credit losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agriculture and farmland |  | $ | 279 |  |  | $ | (190 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (77 | ) |  | $ | 12 |
Construction |  |  | 274 |  |  |  | 513 |  |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 133 |  |  |  | 959 |
Commercial & industrial |  |  | 583 |  |  |  | 283 |  |  |  | 303 |  |  |  | (200 | ) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 1,970 |  |  |  | 2,940 |
Commercial real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Multifamily |  |  | 480 |  |  |  | 340 |  |  |  | 97 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 566 |  |  |  | 1,483 |
Owner occupied |  |  | 635 |  |  |  | 760 |  |  |  | 1,816 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,361 |  |  |  | 6,572 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 1,116 |  |  |  | 3,195 |  |  |  | 1,937 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (475 | ) |  |  | 5,773 |
Residential real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First liens |  |  | 1,029 |  |  |  | 635 |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | 3,018 |  |  |  | 4,778 |
Second liens and lines of credit |  |  | 218 |  |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 64 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | 589 |  |  |  | 1,072 |
Municipal |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | 79 |
Consumer |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | (19 | ) |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 73 |  |  |  | 99 |
Total |  | $ | 4,666 |  |  | $ | 5,655 |  |  | $ | 4,303 |  |  | $ | (200 | ) |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 9,227 |  |  | $ | 23,767 |
The balances at December 31, 2022 were reclassified from those previously reported as shown in Note 1. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of nonaccrual loans and loans past due over 89 days still accruing by segments of the loan portfolio.
|  | As of December 31, 2023 |
(In Thousands) |  | Nonaccrual with No Allowance for Credit Loss |  |  | Nonaccrual with a related Allowance for Credit Loss |  |  | Total Nonaccrual |  |  | Loans past due over 89 days still accruing |
Agriculture and farmland |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Construction |  |  | 191 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 191 |  |  |  | — |
Commercial & industrial |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | 58 |
Commercial real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |
Multifamily |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Owner occupied |  |  | 2,465 |  |  |  | 83 |  |  |  | 2,548 |  |  |  | 6 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 948 |  |  |  | 281 |  |  |  | 1,229 |  |  |  | — |
Residential real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |
First liens |  |  | 2,346 |  |  |  | 361 |  |  |  | 2,707 |  |  |  | 149 |
Second liens and lines of credit |  |  | 294 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 294 |  |  |  | — |
Municipal |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Consumer |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 6,304 |  |  | $ | 733 |  |  | $ | 7,037 |  |  | $ | 213 |
The Company recognized $124 of interest income on nonaccrual loans during the year ended December 31, 2023. The following table presents, by class of loans, the carrying value of collateral dependent nonaccrual loans and type of collateral as of December 31, 2023
|  | December 31, 2023 |
(In Thousands) |  | Real Estate |  | Business Assets |  | Other |  | Total |
Agriculture and farmland loans |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |
Construction |  |  | 191 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 191 |
Commercial & industrial loans |  |  | — |  |  | 61 |  |  | — |  |  | 61 |
Commercial real estate loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Multifamily |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Owner occupied |  |  | 2,548 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,548 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 1,229 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,229 |
Residential real estate loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First liens |  |  | 2,707 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,707 |
Second liens and lines of credit |  |  | 294 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 294 |
Municipal |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumer |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 7 |
|  | $ | 6,969 |  | $ | 61 |  | $ | 7 |  | $ | 7,037 |
The following table presents an aging analysis of the recorded investment of past due loans at December 31, 2023.
|  | December 31, 2023 |
(In Thousands) |  | 30-59 Days Past Due |  |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  |  | 90 Days or Greater Past Due |  |  | Total Past Due |  |  | Current |  |  | Total Loans |
Agriculture and farmland |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 65,847 |  |  | $ | 65,861 |
Construction |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 191 |  |  |  | 201 |  |  |  | 178,282 |  |  |  | 178,483 |
Commercial & industrial |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 118 |  |  |  | 165 |  |  |  | 238,178 |  |  |  | 238,343 |
Commercial real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Multifamily |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 180,788 |  |  |  | 180,788 |
Owner occupied |  |  | 156 |  |  |  | 2,802 |  |  |  | 137 |  |  |  | 3,095 |  |  |  | 498,637 |  |  |  | 501,732 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | — |  |  |  | 86 |  |  |  | 1,239 |  |  |  | 1,325 |  |  |  | 579,647 |  |  |  | 580,972 |
Residential real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First liens |  |  | 719 |  |  |  | 419 |  |  |  | 872 |  |  |  | 2,010 |  |  |  | 400,423 |  |  |  | 402,433 |
Second liens and lines of credit |  |  | 279 |  |  |  | 128 |  |  |  | 97 |  |  |  | 504 |  |  |  | 70,243 |  |  |  | 70,747 |
Municipal |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,756 |  |  |  | 16,756 |
Consumer |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | 5,207 |  |  |  | 5,244 |
Total |  | $ | 1,239 |  |  | $ | 3,451 |  |  | $ | 2,661 |  |  | $ | 7,351 |  |  | $ | 2,234,008 |  |  | $ | 2,241,359 |
Credit Quality Information The following tables represent credit exposures by internally assigned grades as of December 31, 2023. The grading analysis estimates the capability of the borrower to repay the contractual obligations of the loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Company’s internally assigned grades are as follows: Pass – loans that are protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the underlying collateral. There are four sub-grades within the Pass category to further distinguish the loan. Special Mention – loans where a potential weakness or risk exists, which could cause a more serious problem if not corrected. Substandard – loans that have a well-defined weakness based on objective evidence and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful – loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in a Substandard asset. In addition, these weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, based on existing circumstances. Loss – loans classified as a Loss are considered uncollectible and are immediately charged against allowances. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the internal risk rating system as of December 31, 2023.
|  | December 31, 2023 |
|  | Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In Thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | Prior |  |  | Revolving loans amortized cost basis |  |  | Revolving loans converted to term |  |  | Total |
Agriculture and farmland |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 1,466 |  |  | $ | 14,372 |  |  | $ | 9,613 |  |  | $ | 5,147 |  |  | $ | 2,319 |  |  | $ | 22,627 |  |  | $ | 5,114 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 60,687 |
Special mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 811 |  |  |  | 1,206 |  |  |  | 342 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,389 |
Substandard or lower |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 121 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,576 |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,785 |
Total Agriculture and farmland |  | $ | 1,479 |  |  | $ | 14,372 |  |  | $ | 9,658 |  |  | $ | 5,268 |  |  | $ | 3,130 |  |  | $ | 26,409 |  |  | $ | 5,516 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 65,861 |
Agriculture and farmland |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Construction |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  |  | 64,460 |  |  |  | 52,888 |  |  |  | 30,993 |  |  |  | 3,057 |  |  |  | 5,244 |  |  |  | 5,816 |  |  |  | 14,424 |  |  |  | 1,317 |  |  |  | 178,199 |
Special mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 93 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 93 |
Substandard or lower |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 93 |  |  |  | 191 |
Total Construction |  |  | 64,460 |  |  |  | 52,888 |  |  |  | 30,993 |  |  |  | 3,155 |  |  |  | 5,244 |  |  |  | 5,816 |  |  |  | 14,517 |  |  |  | 1,410 |  |  |  | 178,483 |
Construction |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Commercial & industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  |  | 29,776 |  |  |  | 33,213 |  |  |  | 25,315 |  |  |  | 14,018 |  |  |  | 4,429 |  |  |  | 9,110 |  |  |  | 120,747 |  |  |  | 68 |  |  |  | 236,676 |
Special mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | 113 |  |  |  | 139 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 1,071 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,342 |
Substandard or lower |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 47 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 194 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | 325 |
Total Commercial & industrial |  |  | 29,776 |  |  |  | 33,326 |  |  |  | 25,501 |  |  |  | 14,018 |  |  |  | 4,638 |  |  |  | 9,114 |  |  |  | 121,861 |  |  |  | 109 |  |  |  | 238,343 |
Commercial & industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 200 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 200 |
Commercial real estate - Multifamily |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  |  | 14,918 |  |  |  | 80,127 |  |  |  | 50,320 |  |  |  | 18,871 |  |  |  | 6,031 |  |  |  | 8,351 |  |  |  | 298 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 178,916 |
Special mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Substandard or lower |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,872 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,872 |
Total Commercial real estate - Multifamily |  |  | 14,918 |  |  |  | 80,127 |  |  |  | 50,320 |  |  |  | 18,871 |  |  |  | 6,031 |  |  |  | 10,223 |  |  |  | 298 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 180,788 |
Commercial real estate - Multifamily |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  | December 31, 2023 |
|  | Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In Thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | Prior |  |  | Revolving loans amortized cost basis |  |  | Revolving loans converted to term |  |  | Total |
Commercial real estate - Owner occupied |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  |  | 61,336 |  |  |  | 135,472 |  |  |  | 98,261 |  |  |  | 51,485 |  |  |  | 39,174 |  |  |  | 91,315 |  |  |  | 8,852 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 485,901 |
Special mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | 377 |  |  |  | 3,125 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,318 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 429 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,249 |
Substandard or lower |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 626 |  |  |  | 2,408 |  |  |  | 2,391 |  |  |  | 157 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,582 |
Total Commercial real estate - Owner occupied |  |  | 61,336 |  |  |  | 135,849 |  |  |  | 101,386 |  |  |  | 52,111 |  |  |  | 47,900 |  |  |  | 93,706 |  |  |  | 9,438 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 501,732 |
Commercial real estate - Owner occupied |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate - Non-owner occupied |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  |  | 58,335 |  |  |  | 174,248 |  |  |  | 126,009 |  |  |  | 56,468 |  |  |  | 64,301 |  |  |  | 93,193 |  |  |  | 6,376 |  |  |  | 86 |  |  |  | 579,016 |
Special mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 42 |
Substandard or lower |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 325 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 1,284 |  |  |  | 249 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,914 |
Total Commercial real estate - Non-owner occupied |  |  | 58,335 |  |  |  | 174,248 |  |  |  | 126,376 |  |  |  | 56,468 |  |  |  | 64,357 |  |  |  | 94,477 |  |  |  | 6,625 |  |  |  | 86 |  |  |  | 580,972 |
Commercial real estate - Non-owner occupied |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Municipal |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  |  | 529 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 420 |  |  |  | 1,675 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,526 |  |  |  | 94 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,244 |
Special mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Substandard or lower |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total Commercial real estate - Municipal |  |  | 529 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 420 |  |  |  | 1,675 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,526 |  |  |  | 94 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,244 |
Municipal |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass |  | $ | 230,820 |  |  | $ | 490,320 |  |  | $ | 340,931 |  |  | $ | 150,721 |  |  | $ | 121,498 |  |  | $ | 232,938 |  |  | $ | 155,905 |  |  | $ | 1,506 |  |  | $ | 1,724,639 |
Special mention |  |  | — |  |  |  | 490 |  |  |  | 3,336 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,144 |  |  |  | 1,210 |  |  |  | 1,935 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,115 |
Substandard or lower |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 387 |  |  |  | 845 |  |  |  | 2,658 |  |  |  | 8,123 |  |  |  | 509 |  |  |  | 134 |  |  |  | 12,669 |
Total |  | $ | 230,833 |  |  | $ | 490,810 |  |  | $ | 344,654 |  |  | $ | 151,566 |  |  | $ | 131,300 |  |  | $ | 242,271 |  |  | $ | 158,349 |  |  | $ | 1,640 |  |  | $ | 1,751,423 |
The Company considers the performance of the loan portfolio and its impact on the allowance for credit losses. As part of our adoption of CECL, the Company will monitor small balance, homogeneous loans, such as home equity, residential mortgage, and consumer loans based on delinquency status rather than the assignment of loan specific risk ratings. The Company will evaluate credit quality based on the aging status of the loan. The following tables present the amortized cost of these loans based on payment activity, by origination year.
|  | December 31, 2023 |
|  | Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(In Thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | Prior |  |  | Revolving loans amortized cost basis |  |  | Revolving loans converted to term |  |  | Total |
Residential real estate - First liens |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | $ | 45,236 |  |  | $ | 99,877 |  |  | $ | 99,972 |  |  | $ | 43,063 |  |  | $ | 23,404 |  |  | $ | 80,456 |  |  | $ | 8,982 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 400,990 |
Nonperforming |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | 101 |  |  |  | 208 |  |  |  | 1,101 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,443 |
Total Residential real estate - First liens |  | $ | 45,236 |  |  | $ | 99,877 |  |  | $ | 100,005 |  |  | $ | 43,164 |  |  | $ | 23,612 |  |  | $ | 81,557 |  |  | $ | 8,982 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 402,433 |
Residential real estate - First liens |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Residential real estate - Second liens and lines of credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  |  | 1,207 |  |  |  | 1,818 |  |  |  | 386 |  |  |  | 184 |  |  |  | 336 |  |  |  | 2,270 |  |  |  | 64,396 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70,597 |
Nonperforming |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 150 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 150 |
Total Residential real estate - Second liens and lines of credit |  |  | 1,207 |  |  |  | 1,818 |  |  |  | 386 |  |  |  | 184 |  |  |  | 336 |  |  |  | 2,270 |  |  |  | 64,546 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 70,747 |
Residential real estate - Second liens and lines of credit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Consumer and other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  |  | 5,007 |  |  |  | 437 |  |  |  | 223 |  |  |  | 153 |  |  |  | 73 |  |  |  | 88 |  |  |  | 10,770 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,751 |
Nonperforming |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5 |
Total Consumer and other |  |  | 5,007 |  |  |  | 437 |  |  |  | 223 |  |  |  | 153 |  |  |  | 73 |  |  |  | 88 |  |  |  | 10,775 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 16,756 |
Consumer and other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current period gross charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing |  | $ | 51,450 |  |  | $ | 102,132 |  |  | $ | 100,581 |  |  | $ | 43,400 |  |  | $ | 23,813 |  |  | $ | 82,814 |  |  | $ | 84,148 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 488,338 |
Nonperforming |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | 101 |  |  |  | 208 |  |  |  | 1,101 |  |  |  | 155 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,598 |
Total |  | $ | 51,450 |  |  | $ | 102,132 |  |  | $ | 100,614 |  |  | $ | 43,501 |  |  | $ | 24,021 |  |  | $ | 83,915 |  |  | $ | 84,303 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 489,936 |
Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty The Company may modify loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by providing principal forgiveness, term extension, interest rate reduction or an other-than-insignificant payment delay. When principal forgiveness is provided, the amount of forgiveness is charged off against the allowance for credit losses. The Company may also provide multiple types of modifications on an individual loan. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company did not extend any modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that had a more-than-insignificant direct change in the contractual cash flows of the loan. Purchased Credit Deteriorated Loans The Company has purchased loans for which there was, at acquisition, evidence of more than insignificant deterioration of credit quality since origination. The carrying amount of these loans is as follows.
(In Thousands) |  | 2023 |
Purchase price of loans at acquisition |  | $ | 431,600 |
Allowance for credit losses at acquisition |  |  | 4,303 |
Non-credit (discount) premium at acquisition |  |  | (16,981 | )
Par value of acquired loans at acquisition |  | $ | 418,922 |
Allowance for loan losses Prior to the adoption of ASC 326 on January 1, 2023, the Company calculated the allowance for loan losses using the incurred losses methodology. The following tables are disclosures related to the allowance for loan losses as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022. The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses by loan class for the year ended December 31, 2022.
|  | Agriculture Loans |  |  | Commercial and PPP Loans |  |  | Commercial Real Estate Loans |  |  | Residential Real Estate Loan |  |  | Consumer Loans |  |  | Municipal Loans |  |  | Unallocated Loans |  |  | Total |
(In Thousands) |  | For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 582 |  |  | $ | 799 |  |  | $ | 1,634 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | 3,152 |
Charge-offs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7 | )
Recoveries |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 197 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 231 |
Provision |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | (30 | ) |  |  | 1,663 |  |  |  | (292 | ) |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | (77 | ) |  |  | 1,290 |
Ending balance |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 583 |  |  | $ | 2,462 |  |  | $ | 1,536 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,666 |
The following table illustrates the balance of loans individually evaluated vs. collectively evaluated for impairment at December 31, 2022.
|  | Agriculture Loans |  |  | Commercial and PPP Loans |  |  | Commercial Real Estate Loans |  |  | Residential Real Estate Loan |  |  | Consumer Loans |  |  | Municipal Loans |  |  | Unallocated Loans |  |  | Total |
(In Thousands) |  | As of December 31, 2022 |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 583 |  |  | $ | 2,462 |  |  | $ | 1,536 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,666 |
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 563 |  |  | $ | 2,462 |  |  | $ | 1,536 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,646 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance |  | $ | 15,591 |  |  | $ | 104,755 |  |  | $ | 540,914 |  |  | $ | 250,832 |  |  | $ | 10,057 |  |  | $ | 5,466 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 927,615 |
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 2,306 |  |  | $ | 4,652 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,313 |
Ending balance: loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,227 |  |  | $ | 182 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,409 |
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment |  | $ | 15,291 |  |  | $ | 104,700 |  |  | $ | 536,381 |  |  | $ | 245,998 |  |  | $ | 10,057 |  |  | $ | 5,466 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 917,893 |
The Company evaluated whether loans acquired in the Merger were within the scope of ASC 310-30, Receivables - Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality. Purchased credit-impaired loans ("PCI") are loans that have evidence of credit deterioration since origination and it is probable at the date of acquisition that the Company will not collect all contractually required principal and interest payments. The fair value of purchased credit-impaired loans, on the acquisition date, was determined, primarily based on the fair value of loan collateral. The carrying value of purchased loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality as a result of the Merger was $2,409 a t December 31, 2022 On the acquisition date, the preliminary estimate of the unpaid principal balance for all PCI loans acquired through the Gratz Merger was $6,627 and the estimated fair value of the loans was $5,384. Total contractually required payments on these loans, including interest, at acquisition was $8,509. The Company's estimate of expected cash flows was $5,793 at the acquisition date. The Company established a credit risk related non-accretable discount of $2,716 relating to these PCI loans, reflected in the recorded net fair value. The Company further estimated the timing and amount of expected cash flows in excess of the estimated fair value and established an accretable discount of $409 relating to these PCI loans. The remaining unamortized accretable discount at December 31, 2022 totaled $0. The following table provides activity for the accretable yield of PCI loans for the year ended December 31, 2022.
(In Thousands) |  | December 31, 2022 |
Accretable yield, beginning of period |  | $ | 307 |
Additions |  |  | — |
Accretion of income |  |  | (151 | )
Reclassifications from nonaccretable difference due to improvement in expected cash flows |  |  | — |
Other changes, net |  |  | (156 | )
Accretable yield, end of period |  | $ | — |
Credit Quality Information The following tables represent credit exposures by internally assigned grades as of December 31, 2022. The grading analysis estimates the capability of the borrower to repay the contractual obligations of the loan agreements as scheduled or at all. The Company’s internally assigned grades are as follows: Pass – loans that are protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the value of the underlying collateral. There are four sub-grades within the Pass category to further distinguish the loan. Special Mention – loans where a potential weakness or risk exists, which could cause a more serious problem if not corrected. Substandard – loans that have a well-defined weakness based on objective evidence and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Doubtful – loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in a Substandard asset. In addition, these weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, based on existing circumstances. Loss – loans classified as a Loss are considered uncollectible and are immediately charged against allowances. The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the internal risk rating system as of December 31, 2022:
(In Thousands) |  |  |  |  | Special |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
As of December 31, 2022 |  | Pass |  |  | Mention |  |  | Substandard |  |  | Doubtful |  |  | Total |
Agriculture loans |  | $ | 15,291 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,591 |
Commercial and PPP |  |  | 101,980 |  |  |  | 2,721 |  |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 104,755 |
Commercial real estate loans |  |  | 533,864 |  |  |  | 2,516 |  |  |  | 4,534 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 540,914 |
Residential real estate loans |  |  | 246,028 |  |  |  | 207 |  |  |  | 4,597 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 250,832 |
Consumer loans |  |  | 10,057 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,057 |
Municipal loans |  |  | 5,466 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,466 |
Total |  | $ | 912,686 |  |  | $ | 5,444 |  |  | $ | 9,485 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 927,615 |
The following tables present an aging analysis of the recorded investment of past-due loans.
|  | December 31, 2022 |
(In Thousands) |  | 30-59 Days Past Due |  |  | 60-89 Days Past Due |  |  | 90 Days or Greater Past Due |  |  | Total Past Due |  |  | Current |  |  | Purchased Credit Impaired Loans |  |  | Total Loans |  |  | Total > 90 Days and Accruing |
Agriculture loans |  | $ | 193 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 149 |  |  | $ | 390 |  |  | $ | 15,201 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,591 |  |  | $ | 149 |
Commercial and PPP loans |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | 186 |  |  |  | 104,569 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 104,755 |  |  |  | 54 |
Commercial real estate loans |  |  | 863 |  |  |  | 88 |  |  |  | 190 |  |  |  | 1,141 |  |  |  | 537,546 |  |  |  | 2,227 |  |  |  | 540,914 |  |  |  | — |
Residential real estate loans |  |  | 2,474 |  |  |  | 137 |  |  |  | 1,176 |  |  |  | 3,787 |  |  |  | 246,863 |  |  |  | 182 |  |  |  | 250,832 |  |  |  | 540 |
Consumer loans |  |  | 254 |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 312 |  |  |  | 9,745 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 10,057 |  |  |  | — |
Municipal loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,466 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,466 |  |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 3,895 |  |  | $ | 352 |  |  | $ | 1,569 |  |  | $ | 5,816 |  |  | $ | 919,390 |  |  | $ | 2,409 |  |  | $ | 927,615 |  |  | $ | 743 |
Impaired Loans The following tables present the recorded investment and unpaid principal balances for impaired loans and related allowance, if applicable. Also presented are the average recorded investments and the related amount of interest recognized during the time within the period that the impaired loans were impaired.
|  | As of December 31, 2022 |
(In Thousands) |  | Recorded Investment |  |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  |  | Related Allowance |
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agriculture loans |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial loans |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate loans |  |  | 2,306 |  |  |  | 2,312 |  |  |  | — |
Residential real estate loans |  |  | 4,652 |  |  |  | 4,683 |  |  |  | — |
Consumer loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Municipal loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agriculture loans |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial loans |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 20 |
Commercial real estate loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Residential real estate loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Consumer loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Municipal loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agriculture loans |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial loans |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | 75 |  |  |  | 20 |
Commercial real estate loans |  |  | 2,306 |  |  |  | 2,312 |  |  |  | — |
Residential real estate loans |  |  | 4,652 |  |  |  | 4,683 |  |  |  | — |
Consumer loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Municipal loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 7,313 |  |  | $ | 7,370 |  |  | $ | 20 |
|  | For the Year Ended December 31, |
|  | 2022 |
(In Thousands) |  | Average Recorded Investment |  |  | Interest Income Recognized |
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |
Agriculture loans |  | $ | 200 |  |  | $ | 9 |
Commercial loans |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate loans |  |  | 2,365 |  |  |  | 125 |
Residential real estate loans |  |  | 4,772 |  |  |  | 159 |
Consumer loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Municipal loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  |  | 7,376 |  |  |  | 293 |
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |
Agriculture loans |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial loans |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 1 |
Commercial real estate loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Residential real estate loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Consumer loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Municipal loans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
|  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 1 |
Total |  | $ | 7,399 |  |  | $ | 294 |
The following table present nonaccrual loans by classes of the loan portfolio:
(In Thousands) |  | December 31, 2022 |
Commercial and PPP loans |  | $ | 35 |
Commercial real estate loans |  |  | 231 |
Residential real estate loans |  |  | 1,652 |
Total |  | $ | 1,918 |
The above nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2022 exclude PCI loans with balances of $2,409. Management does not consider these loans to be non-performing as they are accounted for under the accretable yield method and are performing in line with expectations as of December 31, 2022. Approximate ly $540,914 or 58.3% o f the Bank’s loan portfolio was in commercial real estate loans at December 31, 2022. While the Bank does not have a concentration of credit risk with any single borrower or industry, repayments on loans in these portfolios can be negatively influenced by decreases in real estate values. The Bank mitigates this risk through conservative underwriting policies and procedures. In addition, $139,555 of real estate-commercial loans were owner occupied properties as of December 31, 2022. These types of loans are generally considered to involve less risk than nonowner-occupied mortgages. At December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of borrowings secured by loans pledged to the FHLB under its blanket lien was $0. Loan Modifications and Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs) A loan is considered to be a TDR loan when the Company grants a concession to the borrower because of the borrower’s financial condition that it would not otherwise consider. Such concessions include the reduction of interest rates, forgiveness of principal or interest, or other modifications of interest rates that are less than the current market rate for new obligations with similar risk. The Bank may grant a concession or modification for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial condition that it would not otherwise consider resulting in a modified loan which is then identified as a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). The Bank may modify loans through rate reductions, extensions of maturity, interest only payments, or payment modifications to better match the timing of cash flows due under the modified terms with the cash flows from the borrowers’ operations. Loan modifications are intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral. TDRs are considered impaired loans for purposes of calculating the Bank’s allowance for loan losses. The Bank identifies loans for potential restructure primarily through direct communication with the borrower and evaluation of the borrower’s financial statements, revenue projections, tax returns, and credit reports. Even if the borrower is not presently in default, management will consider the likelihood that cash flow shortages, adverse economic conditions, and negative trends may result in a payment default in the near future. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had no loans identified as TDRs. There were also no new loan modifications during the periods that were considered TDRs.

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