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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025
OR

¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission file number 1-10258

Tredegar Corporation
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Virginia |  | 54-1497771
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1100 Boulders Parkway |  |
Richmond, | Virginia |  | 23225
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: (804) 330-1000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, no par value | TG | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ¨ | Accelerated filer | x | Smaller reporting company |  | x
Non-accelerated filer |  | ¨ |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x
The number of shares of Common Stock, no par value, outstanding as of October 31, 2025: 34,910,693

Tredegar Corporation
Table of Contents

|  | Page
Part I | Financial Information |  |
Item 1. | Financial Statements |  |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) |  | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) (unaudited) |  | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited) |  | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) |  | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity (unaudited) |  | 6
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) |  | 8
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 24
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 38
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |  | 41
Part II | Other Information |  |
Item 1A. | Risk Factors |  | 41
Item 5. | Other Information |  | 41
Item 6. | Exhibits |  | 42

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
Tredegar Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)
(Unaudited)

| September 30, |  | December 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 13,291 |  |  | $ | 7,062 |
Accounts and other receivables, net | 87,931 |  |  | 64,817 |
Income taxes recoverable | 284 |  |  | — |
Inventories | 62,006 |  |  | 51,381 |
Prepaid expenses and other | 11,375 |  |  | 16,567 |
Total current assets | 174,887 |  |  | 139,827 |
Property, plant and equipment, at cost | 502,829 |  |  | 499,426 |
Less: accumulated depreciation | (372,432) |  |  | (362,394) |
Net property, plant and equipment | 130,397 |  |  | 137,032 |
Right-of-use leased assets | 13,267 |  |  | 14,635 |
Identifiable intangible assets, net | 6,008 |  |  | 7,326 |
Goodwill | 22,446 |  |  | 22,446 |
Deferred income taxes | 29,671 |  |  | 32,517 |
Other assets | 2,130 |  |  | 2,448 |
Noncurrent assets of discontinued operations | — |  |  | 126 |
Total assets | $ | 378,806 |  |  | $ | 356,357 |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 79,247 |  |  | $ | 64,704 |
Accrued expenses | 22,801 |  |  | 22,168 |
Lease liability, short-term | 2,345 |  |  | 2,453 |
Short-term debt | — |  |  | 1,322 |
Income taxes payable | 492 |  |  | 320 |
Current liabilities of discontinued operations | — |  |  | 741 |
Total current liabilities | 104,885 |  |  | 91,708 |
Lease liability, long-term | 11,472 |  |  | 12,993 |
ABL revolving facility | 49,500 |  |  | 60,600 |
Pension and other postretirement benefit obligations, net | 5,772 |  |  | 5,914 |
Deferred income tax liabilities | 69 |  |  | 69 |
Other non-current liabilities | 4,917 |  |  | 4,105 |
Total liabilities | 176,615 |  |  | 175,389 |
Shareholders’ equity: |  |  |
Common stock, no par value (authorized shares 150,000,000, issued and outstanding 34,892,602 shares at September 30, 2025 and 34,661,272 shares at December 31, 2024) | 65,299 |  |  | 63,590 |
Common stock held in trust for savings restoration plan (118,542 shares at September 30, 2025 and 118,543 shares at December 31, 2024) | (2,233) |  |  | (2,233) |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | 5,334 |  |  | 5,105 |
Gain (loss) on derivative financial instruments | 834 |  |  | 268 |
Pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments | 639 |  |  | 826 |
Retained earnings | 132,318 |  |  | 113,412 |
Total shareholders’ equity | 202,191 |  |  | 180,968 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 378,806 |  |  | $ | 356,357 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

Tredegar Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss)
(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Revenues and other items: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales | $ | 194,942 |  |  | $ | 146,064 |  |  | $ | 538,796 |  |  | $ | 443,976 |
Other income (expense), net | 4 |  |  | (26) |  |  | 1,381 |  |  | 304 |
| 194,946 |  |  | 146,038 |  |  | 540,177 |  |  | 444,280 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of goods sold | 157,209 |  |  | 122,471 |  |  | 441,387 |  |  | 356,591 |
Freight | 6,589 |  |  | 5,468 |  |  | 18,309 |  |  | 15,812 |
Selling, general and administrative | 20,225 |  |  | 18,673 |  |  | 61,443 |  |  | 54,289 |
Research and development | 147 |  |  | 301 |  |  | 504 |  |  | 424 |
Amortization of identifiable intangibles | 440 |  |  | 440 |  |  | 1,319 |  |  | 1,339 |
Pension and postretirement benefits | 27 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 30 |  |  | 163 |
Interest expense | 768 |  |  | 1,192 |  |  | 3,566 |  |  | 3,515 |
Asset impairments and costs associated with exit and disposal activities, net of adjustments | 418 |  |  | — |  |  | 435 |  |  | 587 |
Total | 185,823 |  |  | 148,599 |  |  | 526,993 |  |  | 432,720 |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | 9,123 |  |  | (2,561) |  |  | 13,184 |  |  | 11,560 |
Income tax expense (benefit) | 2,014 |  |  | 828 |  |  | 3,575 |  |  | 3,175 |
Net income (loss) from continuing operations | 7,109 |  |  | (3,389) |  |  | 9,609 |  |  | 8,385 |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | (35) |  |  | (557) |  |  | 9,297 |  |  | (251) |
Net income (loss) | $ | 7,074 |  |  | $ | (3,946) |  |  | $ | 18,906 |  |  | $ | 8,134 |
Earnings (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations | $ | 0.20 |  |  | $ | (0.10) |  |  | $ | 0.28 |  |  | $ | 0.24 |
Discontinued operations | — |  |  | (0.01) |  |  | 0.27 |  |  | — |
Basic earnings (loss) per share | $ | 0.20 |  |  | $ | (0.11) |  |  | $ | 0.55 |  |  | $ | 0.24 |
Diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations | $ | 0.20 |  |  | $ | (0.10) |  |  | $ | 0.28 |  |  | $ | 0.24 |
Discontinued operations | — |  |  | (0.01) |  |  | 0.27 |  |  | — |
Diluted earnings (loss) per share | $ | 0.20 |  |  | $ | (0.11) |  |  | $ | 0.55 |  |  | $ | 0.24 |
Shares used to compute earnings (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 34,773 |  |  | 34,391 |  |  | 34,721 |  |  | 34,364 |
Diluted | 34,773 |  |  | 34,391 |  |  | 34,721 |  |  | 34,364 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

Tredegar Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Net income (loss) | $ | 7,074 |  |  | $ | (3,946) |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment ($0 tax in 2025 and net of tax expense of $4 in 2024) | 154 |  |  | 1,496 |
Derivative financial instruments adjustment (net of tax expense of $48 in 2025 and net of tax expense of $120 in 2024) | 168 |  |  | 423 |
Amortization of prior service costs and net gains or losses (net of tax benefit of $14 in 2025 and net of tax benefit of $7 in 2024) | (49) |  |  | (27) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 273 |  |  | 1,892 |
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 7,347 |  |  | $ | (2,054) |

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Net income (loss) | $ | 18,906 |  |  | $ | 8,134 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment ($0 tax in 2025 and net of tax benefit of $466 in 2024) | 229 |  |  | (5,740) |
Derivative financial instruments adjustment (net of tax expense of $151 in 2025 and net of tax benefit of $273 in 2024) | 566 |  |  | (942) |
Amortization of prior service costs and net gains or losses (net of tax benefit of $52 in 2025 and net of tax benefit of $23 in 2024) | (187) |  |  | (82) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 608 |  |  | (6,764) |
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 19,514 |  |  | $ | 1,370 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

Tredegar Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 18,906 |  |  | $ | 8,134 |
Adjustments for noncash items: |  |  |
Depreciation | 15,041 |  |  | 18,372 |
Amortization of identifiable intangibles | 1,319 |  |  | 1,410 |
Reduction of right-of-use lease asset | 1,584 |  |  | 1,735 |
Deferred income taxes | 2,873 |  |  | 2,975 |
Accrued pension and post-retirement benefits | 134 |  |  | 163 |
Stock-based compensation expense | 1,759 |  |  | 1,950 |
Gain on investment in kaléo | — |  |  | (144) |
Gain on the sale of assets | (1,497) |  |  | — |
Gain on the sale of divested business | (9,657) |  |  | — |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts and other receivables | (23,113) |  |  | (14,683) |
Inventories | (10,615) |  |  | (8,711) |
Income taxes recoverable/payable | (111) |  |  | (952) |
Prepaid expenses and other | 5,909 |  |  | (286) |
Accounts payable and accrued expenses | 14,407 |  |  | (3,454) |
Lease liability | (1,800) |  |  | (2,118) |
Pension and postretirement benefit plan contributions | (430) |  |  | (455) |
Other, net | 2,559 |  |  | 2,117 |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | 17,268 |  |  | 6,053 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (9,246) |  |  | (7,696) |
Proceeds from the sale of Terphane | 9,835 |  |  | — |
Proceeds on sale of investment in kaléo | — |  |  | 144 |
Proceeds from the sale of assets | 1,904 |  |  | 83 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 2,493 |  |  | (7,469) |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Borrowings | 103,747 |  |  | 519,274 |
Debt principal payments | (116,173) |  |  | (522,240) |
Debt financing costs | (1,272) |  |  | (587) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (13,698) |  |  | (3,553) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | 166 |  |  | (1,898) |
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 6,229 |  |  | (6,867) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 7,062 |  |  | 13,455 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 13,291 |  |  | $ | 6,588 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

Tredegar Corporation
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)
(Unaudited)
The following summarizes the changes in shareholders’ equity for the three month period ended September 30, 2025:

| Common Stock |  | Retained Earnings |  | Trust for Savings Restoration Plan |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance July 1, 2025 | $ | 64,561 |  |  | $ | 125,244 |  |  | $ | (2,233) |  |  | $ | 6,534 |  |  | $ | 194,106 |
Net income (loss) | — |  |  | 7,074 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,074 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 154 |  |  | 154 |
Derivative financial instruments adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 168 |  |  | 168 |
Amortization of prior service costs and net gains or losses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (49) |  |  | (49) |
Stock-based compensation expense | 738 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 738 |
Balance September 30, 2025 | $ | 65,299 |  |  | $ | 132,318 |  |  | $ | (2,233) |  |  | $ | 6,807 |  |  | $ | 202,191 |

The following summarizes the changes in shareholders’ equity for the nine month period ended September 30, 2025:

| Common Stock |  | Retained Earnings |  | Trust for Savings Restoration Plan |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance January 1, 2025 | $ | 63,590 |  |  | $ | 113,412 |  |  | $ | (2,233) |  |  | $ | 6,199 |  |  | $ | 180,968 |
Net income (loss) | — |  |  | 18,906 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,906 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 229 |  |  | 229 |
Derivative financial instruments adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 566 |  |  | 566 |
Amortization of prior service costs and net gains or losses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (187) |  |  | (187) |
Stock-based compensation expense | 2,298 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,298 |
Repurchase of employee common stock for tax withholdings | (589) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (589) |
Balance September 30, 2025 | $ | 65,299 |  |  | $ | 132,318 |  |  | $ | (2,233) |  |  | $ | 6,807 |  |  | $ | 202,191 |

6

The following summarizes the changes in shareholders’ equity for the three month period ended September 30, 2024:

| Common Stock |  | Retained Earnings |  | Trust for Savings Restoration Plan |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at July 1, 2024 | $ | 62,493 |  |  | $ | 190,057 |  |  | $ | (2,233) |  |  | $ | (90,353) |  |  | $ | 159,964 |
Net income (loss) | — |  |  | (3,946) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,946) |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,496 |  |  | 1,496 |
Derivative financial instruments adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 423 |  |  | 423 |
Amortization of prior service costs and net gains or losses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (27) |  |  | (27) |
Stock-based compensation expense | 538 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 538 |
Balance at September 30, 2024 | $ | 63,031 |  |  | $ | 186,111 |  |  | $ | (2,233) |  |  | $ | (88,461) |  |  | $ | 158,448 |

The following summarizes the changes in shareholders’ equity for the nine month period ended September 30, 2024:

| Common Stock |  | Retained Earnings |  | Trust for Savings Restoration Plan |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Total Shareholders’ Equity
Balance at January 1, 2024 | $ | 61,606 |  |  | $ | 177,977 |  |  | $ | (2,233) |  |  | $ | (81,697) |  |  | $ | 155,653 |
Net income (loss) | — |  |  | 8,134 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,134 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,740) |  |  | (5,740) |
Derivative financial instruments adjustment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (942) |  |  | (942) |
Amortization of prior service costs and net gains or losses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (82) |  |  | (82) |
Stock-based compensation expense | 1,651 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,651 |
Repurchase of employee common stock for tax withholdings | (226) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (226) |
Balance at September 30, 2024 | $ | 63,031 |  |  | $ | 186,111 |  |  | $ | (2,233) |  |  | $ | (88,461) |  |  | $ | 158,448 |

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.
7

TREDEGAR CORPORATION
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
In the opinion of management, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements of Tredegar Corporation and its subsidiaries (“Tredegar,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) contain all adjustments necessary to state fairly, in all material respects, Tredegar’s condensed consolidated financial position as of September 30, 2025, the condensed consolidated results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the condensed consolidated cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and the condensed consolidated changes in shareholders’ equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). All such adjustments, unless otherwise detailed in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements, are deemed to be of a normal, recurring nature.
The Company operates on a calendar fiscal year except for the Aluminum Extrusions segment, which operates on a 52/53-week fiscal year basis. As such, the fiscal third quarter for 2025 and 2024 for this segment references 13-week periods ended September 28, 2025 and September 29, 2024, respectively. The Company does not believe the impact of reporting the results of this segment as stated above is material to the consolidated financial results. The Company may fund or receive cash from the Aluminum Extrusions segment based on Aluminum Extrusion’s cash flows from operations during the intervening period from Aluminum Extrusion’s fiscal quarter end and the Company’s fiscal quarter end. As a result, the Company’s cash and cash equivalents declined by $3.6 million as of December 31, 2024 since the Company made payments to the Aluminum Extrusions segment to fund its working capital during the intervening period. There was no intercompany funding with Aluminum Extrusions between September 28, 2025 and September 30, 2025.
The condensed consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024 that is included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements provided in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (“2024 Form 10-K”) but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the 2024 Form 10-K.
The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
Sale of Flexible Packaging Films
On November 1, 2024, the Company completed the sale of its flexible packaging films business (also referred to as “Terphane”) headquartered in Brazil to Oben Group (“Oben”). Commencing in the fourth quarter of 2024, all historical results for Terphane have been presented as discontinued operations. For more information on this transaction, see Note 11.
Closure of PE Films Technical Center
In August 2023, the Company adopted a plan to close the PE Films technical center in Richmond, VA and reduce its efforts to develop and sell films supporting the semiconductor market. Research & development activities for PE Films are now being performed at the production facility in Pottsville, PA. PE Films continues to have new business opportunities primarily relating to surface protection films that protect components of flat panel and flexible displays. All activities ceased at the PE Films technical center in Richmond, VA as of the end of the first quarter of 2024.
Accounting standards not yet adopted
In October 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-06 to amend various paragraphs in the Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") to primarily reflect the issuance of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") Staff Bulletin No. 33-10532. ASU 2023-06 will impact various disclosure areas, including the statement of cash flows, accounting changes and error corrections, earnings per share, debt, equity, derivatives, and transfers of financial assets. The amendments in this ASU 2023-06 will be effective on the date the related disclosures are removed from Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K by the SEC and will no longer be effective if the SEC has not removed the applicable disclosure requirement by June 30, 2027. Early adoption is not permitted. The Company does not expect a material impact from the adoption of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 to improve the income tax disclosures related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information and to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in this ASU will require the Company to disclose specified additional information in its income tax rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 will also require the Company to disaggregate its income taxes paid disclosure by federal, state and foreign taxes, with further disaggregation required for
8

significant individual jurisdictions. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024; early adoption is permitted. The Company will adopt this ASU on a prospective basis and continues to evaluate additional disclosures that may be required in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 to improve the disclosures about public business entity’s expenses and address requests from investors for more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. The amendments in this ASU will require the Company to disclose specified information about certain costs and expenses in the notes to the financial statements. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
2. ACCOUNTS AND OTHER RECEIVABLES
As of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, accounts and other receivables, net include the following:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Customer receivables | $ | 86,892 |  |  | $ | 64,094 |
Other receivables | 1,332 |  |  | 952 |
Total accounts and other receivables | 88,224 |  |  | 65,046 |
Less: Allowance for bad debts | (293) |  |  | (229) |
Total accounts and other receivables, net | $ | 87,931 |  |  | $ | 64,817 |

3. INVENTORIES
The components of inventories are as follows:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Finished goods | $ | 15,063 |  |  | $ | 15,051 |
Work-in-process | 4,389 |  |  | 2,986 |
Raw materials | 18,842 |  |  | 12,158 |
Stores, supplies and other | 23,712 |  |  | 21,186 |
Total | $ | 62,006 |  |  | $ | 51,381 |

4. PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS
Tredegar sponsored a noncontributory defined benefit (pension) plan covering certain current and former U.S. employees. As of January 31, 2018, the plan no longer accrued benefits associated with crediting employees for service, thereby freezing all future benefits under the plan. On February 10, 2022, Tredegar announced the initiation of a process to terminate and settle its frozen defined benefit pension plan through lump sum distributions and the purchase of annuity contracts. On November 3, 2023, the pension plan termination and settlement process for the Company was completed, and the remaining pension plan obligation was transferred to Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company. During 2023, the Company recognized a total pre-tax pension settlement loss of $92.3 million.
Tredegar also has a non-qualified supplemental pension plan covering certain employees. Effective December 31, 2005, further participation in this plan was terminated and benefit accruals for existing participants were frozen. Pension expense recognized for this plan was immaterial in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
In addition to providing non-qualified supplemental pension benefits, the Company provides postretirement life insurance and health care benefits ("Other Post-Retirement Benefits") for certain groups of employees. Tredegar and retirees share in the costs with employees hired on or before January 1, 1993, who receive a fixed subsidy to cover a portion of their health care premiums.
On October 31, 2025, Tredegar terminated the Other Post-Retirement Benefits by prefunding $0.1 million, representing all required contributions for the remainder of 2025. As of September 30, 2025, the Other Post-Retirement Benefits total obligation and unrecognized pre-tax actuarial gain reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets is $5.0 million and $1.3 million, respectively, which is expected to be realized into the income statement during the fourth quarter of 2025.
9

The components of net periodic benefit cost for the pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefits reflected in the condensed consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, are shown below:

| Pension Benefits |  | Other Post-Retirement Benefits
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Three Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 3 |
Interest cost | 19 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 65 |
Amortization of prior service costs, (gains) losses and net transition asset | 5 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (68) |  |  | (37) |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 23 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 31 |

| Pension Benefits |  | Other Post-Retirement Benefits
| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 8 |
Interest cost | 58 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 204 |  |  | 203 |
Amortization of prior service costs, (gains) losses and net transition asset | 15 |  |  | 15 |  |  | (254) |  |  | (120) |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 72 |  |  | $ | (43) |  |  | $ | 91 |

Pension and other postretirement liabilities were $6.4 million and $6.6 million at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively ($0.6 million included in “Accrued expenses” at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 with the remainder included in “Pension and other postretirement benefit obligations, net” in the condensed consolidated balance sheets).
5. EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average common and potentially dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding, determined as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Weighted average shares outstanding used to compute basic earnings per share | 34,773 |  |  | 34,391 |  |  | 34,721 |  |  | 34,364 |
Incremental dilutive shares attributable to stock options and restricted stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Shares used to compute diluted earnings per share | 34,773 |  |  | 34,391 |  |  | 34,721 |  |  | 34,364 |

Incremental shares attributable to stock options and restricted stock are computed under the treasury stock method using the average market price during the related period. Average out-of-the-money options to purchase shares that were excluded from the calculation of incremental shares attributable to stock options and restricted stock were 1,205,105 and 1,258,787 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. If the Company had reported net income from continuing operations for the three months ended September 30, 2024, average out-of-the-money options to purchase shares that were excluded from the calculation of incremental shares attributable to stock options and restricted stock would have been 2,353,905. Average out-of-the-money options to purchase shares that were excluded from the calculation of incremental shares attributable to stock options and restricted stock were 2,550,542 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
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6. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the three months ended September 30, 2025.

(In thousands) | Foreign Currency Translation |  | Gain (Loss) on Derivative Financial Instruments |  | Pension & Other Postretirement Benefit Adjust |  | Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at July 1, 2025 | $ | 5,180 |  |  | $ | 666 |  |  | $ | 688 |  |  | $ | 6,534 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 154 |  |  | 829 |  |  | — |  |  | 983 |
Income tax (expense) benefit | — |  |  | (185) |  |  | — |  |  | (185) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 154 |  |  | 644 |  |  | — |  |  | 798 |
Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss) | — |  |  | (613) |  |  | (63) |  |  | (676) |
Income tax (expense) benefit | — |  |  | 137 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 151 |
Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss), net of tax | — |  |  | (476) |  |  | (49) |  |  | (525) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 154 |  |  | 168 |  |  | (49) |  |  | 273 |
Balance at September 30, 2025 | $ | 5,334 |  |  | $ | 834 |  |  | $ | 639 |  |  | $ | 6,807 |

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

(In thousands) | Foreign Currency Translation |  | Gain (Loss) on Derivative Financial Instruments |  | Pension & Other Postretirement Benefit Adjust |  | Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at January 1, 2025 | $ | 5,105 |  |  | $ | 268 |  |  | $ | 826 |  |  | $ | 6,199 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 229 |  |  | 1,201 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,430 |
Income tax (expense) benefit | — |  |  | (270) |  |  | — |  |  | (270) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 229 |  |  | 931 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,160 |
Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss) | — |  |  | (484) |  |  | (239) |  |  | (723) |
Income tax (expense) benefit | — |  |  | 119 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 171 |
Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss), net of tax | — |  |  | (365) |  |  | (187) |  |  | (552) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 229 |  |  | 566 |  |  | (187) |  |  | 608 |
Balance at September 30, 2025 | $ | 5,334 |  |  | $ | 834 |  |  | $ | 639 |  |  | $ | 6,807 |

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The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the three months ended September 30, 2024.

(In thousands) | Foreign Currency Translation |  | Gain (Loss) on Derivative Financial Instruments |  | Pension & Other Postretirement Benefit Adjust |  | Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at July 1, 2024 | $ | (90,273) |  |  | $ | (564) |  |  | $ | 484 |  |  | $ | (90,353) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 1,500 |  |  | 262 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,762 |
Income tax (expense) benefit | (4) |  |  | (41) |  |  | — |  |  | (45) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 1,496 |  |  | 221 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,717 |
Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss) | — |  |  | 281 |  |  | (34) |  |  | 247 |
Income tax (expense) benefit | — |  |  | (79) |  |  | 7 |  |  | (72) |
Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss), net of tax | — |  |  | 202 |  |  | (27) |  |  | 175 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 1,496 |  |  | 423 |  |  | (27) |  |  | 1,892 |
Balance at September 30, 2024 | $ | (88,777) |  |  | $ | (141) |  |  | $ | 457 |  |  | $ | (88,461) |

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.

(In thousands) | Foreign Currency Translation |  | Gain (Loss) on Derivative Financial Instruments |  | Pension & Other Postretirement Benefit Adjust |  | Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Balance at January 1, 2024 | $ | (83,037) |  |  | $ | 801 |  |  | $ | 539 |  |  | $ | (81,697) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (6,206) |  |  | (1,435) |  |  | — |  |  | (7,641) |
Income tax (expense) benefit | 466 |  |  | 275 |  |  | — |  |  | 741 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (5,740) |  |  | (1,160) |  |  | — |  |  | (6,900) |
Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss) | — |  |  | 220 |  |  | (105) |  |  | 115 |
Income tax (expense) benefit | — |  |  | (2) |  |  | 23 |  |  | 21 |
Reclassification adjustment to net income (loss), net of tax | — |  |  | 218 |  |  | (82) |  |  | 136 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (5,740) |  |  | (942) |  |  | (82) |  |  | (6,764) |
Balance at September 30, 2024 | $ | (88,777) |  |  | $ | (141) |  |  | $ | 457 |  |  | $ | (88,461) |

The amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to pension and Other Post-Retirement Benefits is included in the computation of net periodic pension costs. See Note 4 for additional details.
7. DERIVATIVES
Tredegar uses derivative financial instruments for the purpose of hedging margin exposure from fixed-price forward sales contracts in Aluminum Extrusions. These derivative financial instruments are designated as and qualify as cash flow hedges and are recognized in the condensed consolidated balance sheet at fair value. The fair value of derivative instruments recorded on the consolidated balance sheets is based upon Level 2 inputs. If individual derivative instruments with the same counterparty can be settled on a net basis, the Company records the corresponding derivative fair values as a net asset or net liability.
In the normal course of business, Aluminum Extrusions enters into fixed-price forward sales contracts with a small subset of its customers for the future sale of fixed quantities of aluminum extrusions at scheduled intervals. In order to hedge margin exposure created from the fixing of future sales prices relative to volatile raw material (aluminum) costs, Aluminum Extrusions enters into a combination of forward purchase commitments and futures contracts to acquire or hedge aluminum, based on the scheduled purchases for the firm sales commitments. The fixed-price firm sales commitments and related hedging instruments
12

have durations generally no longer than 12 months. The notional amount of aluminum futures contracts that hedged future purchases of aluminum to meet fixed-price forward sales contract obligations was $6.0 million (3.7 million pounds of aluminum) at September 30, 2025 and $4.3 million (3.1 million pounds of aluminum) at December 31, 2024.
The table below summarizes the location and gross amounts of aluminum futures contract fair values (Level 2) in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

| September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
(In thousands) | Balance Sheet Account |  | Fair Value |  | Balance Sheet Account |  | Fair Value
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asset derivatives: Aluminum futures contracts | Prepaid expenses and other |  | $ | 1,051 |  |  | Prepaid expenses and other |  | $ | 172 |
Asset derivatives: Aluminum futures contracts | Other assets |  | 33 |  |  | Other assets |  | — |
Liability derivatives: Aluminum futures contracts | Accrued expenses |  | (10) |  |  | Accrued expenses |  | (57) |
Net asset (liability) |  |  | $ | 1,074 |  |  |  |  | $ | 115 |

In the event that a counterparty to an aluminum fixed-price forward sales contract chooses not to take delivery of its aluminum extrusions, the customer is contractually obligated to compensate Aluminum Extrusions for any losses on the related aluminum futures and/or forward contracts through the date of cancellation.
The pre-tax effect on net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss) of derivative instruments classified as cash flow hedges and described in the previous paragraphs for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is summarized in the table below:

| Cash Flow Derivative Hedges
| Three Months Ended September 30,
| Aluminum Futures Contracts
(In thousands) | 2025 |  | 2024
Amount of pre-tax gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 829 |  |  | $ | 10 |
Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net income (effective portion) | Cost of goods sold |  | Cost of goods sold
Amount of pre-tax gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net income (effective portion) | $ | 612 |  |  | $ | (153) |
| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| Aluminum Futures Contracts
| 2025 |  | 2024
Amount of pre-tax gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 1,540 |  |  | $ | 56 |
Location of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net income (effective portion) | Cost of goods sold |  | Cost of goods sold
Amount of pre-tax gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net income (effective portion) | $ | 581 |  |  | $ | (662) |

As of September 30, 2025, the Company expects $0.8 million of unrealized after-tax gains on aluminum derivative instruments reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to be reclassified to earnings within the next 12 months. For the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, net gains or losses realized, from previously unrealized net gains or losses on hedges that had been discontinued, were not material.
8. INCOME TAXES
Tredegar recorded tax expense (benefit) of $3.6 million on pre-tax income (loss) from continuing operations of $13.2 million in the first nine months of 2025. The effective tax rate in the first nine months of 2025 was 27.1% and 27.5% in the first nine months of 2024. The effective tax rate in the first nine months of 2025 and the first nine months of 2024 was impacted by taxable discrete items, including stock-based compensation.
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On July 4, 2025, new U.S. tax legislation was signed into law (known as the "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" or "OBBBA"), which makes permanent many of the tax provisions enacted in 2017 as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act that were set to expire at the end of 2025. In addition, the OBBBA makes changes to certain U.S. corporate tax provisions, which have various effective dates. The OBBBA did not have a material impact on the Company's tax provision and effective rate for 2025.
9. BUSINESS SEGMENTS
The Company's business segments are Aluminum Extrusions and PE Films. Aluminum Extrusions, also referred to as Bonnell Aluminum, produces high-quality, soft and medium strength alloyed aluminum extrusions, custom fabricated and finished, for the building and construction, automotive and transportation, consumer durables goods, machinery and equipment, electrical and renewable energy, and distribution markets. PE Films produces surface protection films, polyethylene overwrap films and films for other markets.
The Company’s reportable segments are based on its method of internal reporting, which is generally segregated by differences in products. Accounting standards for presentation of segments require an approach based on the way the Company organizes the segments for making operating decisions and how the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) assesses performance. EBITDA from ongoing operations is the key profitability measure used by the CODM (Tredegar’s President and Chief Executive Officer) for purposes of assessing financial performance.
EBITDA from ongoing operations used by the CODM excludes certain non-recurring items, such as restructuring costs, asset impairments and other items, which are reported separately. The CODM uses EBITDA from ongoing operations to evaluate the operating performance of Tredegar’s ongoing operations, monitor budget versus actual results, establish management’s compensation and allocate resources. EBITDA from ongoing operations is the primary measure of segment performance and is consistent with how the business is managed internally, in addition to being a key financial and analytic metric for borrowing capacity and estimated enterprise value.
The Company uses sales less freight (“net sales”) as its measure of revenues from external customers at the segment level. This measure is separately included in the financial information regularly provided to the CODM.
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The following tables present segment revenue, segment profit (loss), and significant expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2025
(In thousands) | Aluminum Extrusions |  | PE Films |  | Total
Net Sales | $ | 162,470 |  |  | $ | 25,883 |  |  | $ | 188,353 |
Reconciliation of revenue: |  |  |  |  |
Add back freight |  |  |  |  | 6,589 |
Sales as shown in the consolidated statements of income (loss) |  |  |  |  | $ | 194,942 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |
Variable costs | $ | 124,462 |  |  | $ | 11,922 |  |  | $ | 136,384 |
Manufacturing fixed costs 1 | 11,906 |  |  | 3,785 |  |  | 15,691 |
Selling, general and administrative costs 1 | 8,948 |  |  | 2,961 |  |  | 11,909 |
Other 2 | 346 |  |  | (6) |  |  | 340 |
EBITDA from ongoing operations | $ | 16,808 |  |  | $ | 7,221 |  |  | $ | 24,029 |
Reconciliation of profit (loss): |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  | 5,414 |
Plant shutdowns, asset impairments, restructurings and other |  |  |  |  | 915 |
Interest income |  |  |  |  | 6 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  | 768 |
Corporate expenses, net 3 |  |  |  |  | 7,815 |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax |  |  |  |  | 9,123 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  |  | 2,014 |
Net income (loss) from continuing operations |  |  |  |  | 7,109 |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  |  |  | (35) |
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,074 |
1. Excludes related depreciation and amortization. 2. Includes segment allocated employee compensation benefit expenses. 3. Includes corporate depreciation and amortization.

15

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
(In thousands) | Aluminum Extrusions |  | PE Films |  | Total
Net Sales | $ | 115,717 |  |  | $ | 24,879 |  |  | $ | 140,596 |
Reconciliation of revenue: |  |  |  |  |
Add back freight |  |  |  |  | 5,468 |
Sales as shown in the consolidated statements of income (loss) |  |  |  |  | $ | 146,064 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |
Variable costs | $ | 90,397 |  |  | $ | 12,294 |  |  | $ | 102,691 |
Manufacturing fixed costs 1 | 10,218 |  |  | 3,496 |  |  | 13,714 |
Selling, general and administrative costs 1 | 8,549 |  |  | 3,173 |  |  | 11,722 |
Other 2 | 376 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 416 |
EBITDA from ongoing operations | $ | 6,177 |  |  | $ | 5,876 |  |  | $ | 12,053 |
Reconciliation of profit (loss): |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  | 5,703 |
Plant shutdowns, asset impairments, restructurings and other |  |  |  |  | 2,170 |
Interest income |  |  |  |  | 5 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  | 1,192 |
Gain on investment in kaleo, Inc. |  |  |  |  | — |
Corporate expenses, net 3 |  |  |  |  | 5,554 |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax |  |  |  |  | (2,561) |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  |  | 828 |
Net income (loss) from continuing operations |  |  |  |  | (3,389) |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  |  |  | (557) |
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  | $ | (3,946) |
1. Excludes related depreciation and amortization. 2. Includes segment allocated employee compensation benefit expenses. 3. Includes corporate depreciation and amortization.

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The following tables present segment revenue, segment profit (loss), and significant expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
(In thousands) | Aluminum Extrusions |  | PE Films |  | Total
Net Sales | $ | 444,470 |  |  | $ | 76,017 |  |  | $ | 520,487 |
Reconciliation of revenue: |  |  |  |  |
Add back freight |  |  |  |  | 18,309 |
Sales as shown in the consolidated statements of income (loss) |  |  |  |  | $ | 538,796 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |
Variable costs | $ | 344,043 |  |  | $ | 35,586 |  |  | $ | 379,629 |
Manufacturing fixed costs 1 | 34,879 |  |  | 10,487 |  |  | 45,366 |
Selling, general and administrative costs 1 | 28,489 |  |  | 8,420 |  |  | 36,909 |
Other 2 | 1,808 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 1,878 |
EBITDA from ongoing operations | $ | 35,251 |  |  | $ | 21,454 |  |  | $ | 56,705 |
Reconciliation of profit (loss): |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  | 16,214 |
Plant shutdowns, asset impairments, restructurings and other |  |  |  |  | 2,138 |
Interest income |  |  |  |  | 16 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  | 3,566 |
Corporate expenses, net 3 |  |  |  |  | 21,619 |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax |  |  |  |  | 13,184 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  |  | 3,575 |
Net income (loss) from continuing operations |  |  |  |  | 9,609 |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  |  |  | 9,297 |
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  | $ | 18,906 |
1. Excludes related depreciation and amortization. 2. Includes segment allocated employee compensation benefit expenses. 3. Includes corporate depreciation and amortization.

17

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
(In thousands) | Aluminum Extrusions |  | PE Films |  | Total
Net Sales | $ | 349,353 |  |  | $ | 78,811 |  |  | $ | 428,164 |
Reconciliation of revenue: |  |  |  |  |
Add back freight |  |  |  |  | 15,812 |
Sales as shown in the consolidated statements of income (loss) |  |  |  |  | $ | 443,976 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |
Variable costs | $ | 263,007 |  |  | $ | 37,522 |  |  | $ | 300,529 |
Manufacturing fixed costs 1 | 29,726 |  |  | 9,832 |  |  | 39,558 |
Selling, general and administrative costs 1 | 24,319 |  |  | 8,480 |  |  | 32,799 |
Other 2 | 677 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 741 |
EBITDA from ongoing operations | $ | 31,624 |  |  | $ | 22,913 |  |  | $ | 54,537 |
Reconciliation of profit (loss): |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  | 17,336 |
Plant shutdowns, asset impairments, restructurings and other |  |  |  |  | 5,570 |
Interest income |  |  |  |  | 30 |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  | 3,515 |
Gain on investment in kaleo, Inc. |  |  |  |  | 144 |
Corporate expenses, net 3 |  |  |  |  | 16,730 |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax |  |  |  |  | 11,560 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  |  |  |  | 3,175 |
Net income (loss) from continuing operations |  |  |  |  | 8,385 |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  |  |  | (251) |
Net income (loss) |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,134 |
1. Excludes related depreciation and amortization. 2. Includes segment allocated employee compensation benefit expenses. 3. Includes corporate depreciation and amortization.

The following table presents identifiable assets by segment at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Aluminum Extrusions | $ | 269,664 |  |  | $ | 247,205 |
PE Films | 54,694 |  |  | 55,081 |
Subtotal | 324,358 |  |  | 302,286 |
General corporate | 41,157 |  |  | 46,883 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 13,291 |  |  | 7,062 |
Discontinued operations | — |  |  | 126 |
Total | $ | 378,806 |  |  | $ | 356,357 |

The following table presents depreciation and amortization for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Aluminum Extrusions | $ | 4,190 |  |  | $ | 4,404 |  |  | $ | 12,509 |  |  | $ | 13,392 |
PE Films | 1,224 |  |  | 1,299 |  |  | 3,705 |  |  | 3,944 |
Subtotal | 5,414 |  |  | 5,703 |  |  | 16,214 |  |  | 17,336 |
General corporate | 48 |  |  | 66 |  |  | 146 |  |  | 255 |
Discontinued operations | — |  |  | 708 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,191 |
Total | $ | 5,462 |  |  | $ | 6,477 |  |  | $ | 16,360 |  |  | $ | 19,782 |

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The following table presents capital expenditures for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Aluminum Extrusions | $ | 3,079 |  |  | $ | 1,449 |  |  | $ | 7,835 |  |  | $ | 4,461 |
PE Films | 529 |  |  | 517 |  |  | 1,411 |  |  | 1,127 |
Subtotal | 3,608 |  |  | 1,966 |  |  | 9,246 |  |  | 5,588 |
Discontinued operations | — |  |  | 948 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,108 |
Total | $ | 3,608 |  |  | $ | 2,914 |  |  | $ | 9,246 |  |  | $ | 7,696 |

The following tables disaggregate the Company’s revenue by geographic area and product group for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

Net Sales by Geographic Area (a)
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
United States | $ | 171,063 |  |  | $ | 124,800 |  |  | $ | 473,712 |  |  | $ | 381,637 |
Exports from the United States to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asia | 11,482 |  |  | 11,728 |  |  | 32,654 |  |  | 34,387 |
Latin America | 2,026 |  |  | 1,462 |  |  | 4,616 |  |  | 4,121 |
Canada | 3,416 |  |  | 2,282 |  |  | 8,586 |  |  | 7,404 |
Europe | — |  |  | 35 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 60 |
Operations outside the United States: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Asia | 366 |  |  | 289 |  |  | 882 |  |  | 555 |
Total | $ | 188,353 |  |  | $ | 140,596 |  |  | $ | 520,487 |  |  | $ | 428,164 |
(a) Export sales relate mostly to PE Films.

The Company’s facilities in Pottsville, PA (“PV”) and Guangzhou, China (“GZ”) have a tolling arrangement whereby certain surface protection films are manufactured in GZ for a fee with raw materials supplied from PV that are then shipped by GZ directly to customers principally in the Asian market, but paid by customers directly to PV. Amounts associated with this intercompany tolling arrangement are reported in the table above as export sales from the U.S. to Asia, and include net sales of $6.7 million and $6.5 million in the third quarter of 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $19.7 million and $19.1 million in the first nine months of 2025 and 2024, respectively.
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Net Sales by Product Group
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Aluminum Extrusions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonresidential building & construction | $ | 87,388 |  |  | $ | 63,362 |  |  | $ | 236,612 |  |  | $ | 200,978 |
Consumer durables | 13,297 |  |  | 8,210 |  |  | 37,715 |  |  | 24,440 |
Automotive | 10,832 |  |  | 10,583 |  |  | 32,899 |  |  | 30,487 |
Residential building & construction | 11,516 |  |  | 9,368 |  |  | 30,539 |  |  | 26,440 |
Electrical | 14,429 |  |  | 8,541 |  |  | 42,292 |  |  | 21,075 |
Machinery & equipment | 17,662 |  |  | 12,564 |  |  | 48,943 |  |  | 36,434 |
Distribution | 7,346 |  |  | 3,089 |  |  | 15,470 |  |  | 9,499 |
Subtotal | 162,470 |  |  | 115,717 |  |  | 444,470 |  |  | 349,353 |
PE Films: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Surface protection films | 19,163 |  |  | 17,516 |  |  | 54,675 |  |  | 56,241 |
Overwrap packaging | 6,720 |  |  | 7,363 |  |  | 21,342 |  |  | 22,570 |
Subtotal | 25,883 |  |  | 24,879 |  |  | 76,017 |  |  | 78,811 |
Total | $ | 188,353 |  |  | $ | 140,596 |  |  | $ | 520,487 |  |  | $ | 428,164 |

10. DEBT
ABL Facility
In May 2025, the Company entered into Amendment No. 5 (“Amendment No. 5”) to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "ABL Facility"), which provides the Company with a $125 million senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility. The ABL Facility is secured by substantially all assets of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries, including equity in certain material first-tier foreign subsidiaries. Availability for borrowings under the ABL Facility is governed by a borrowing base, determined by the application of specified advance rates against eligible assets, including a portion of trade accounts receivable, inventory, cash and cash equivalents, and owned machinery and equipment. Amendment No. 5 extended the maturity date of the ABL Facility to May 6, 2030. As of September 30, 2025, funds available to borrow under the ABL Facility was $72.5 million, or 58.0% of the aggregate commitment of $125 million. During the third quarter of 2025, the Company's letters of credit have been reduced from approximately $12 million to $3 million, which directly increases the Company's borrowing availability.
Outstanding borrowings accrue interest at the rates elected by the Company depending on the type of loan and denomination of such borrowing. With respect to revolving loans denominated in U.S. Dollars, the Company may elect interest rates at:
•Alternate Base Rate (“ABR”) plus the applicable ABR Spread (as defined in the ABL Facility) determined in accordance with an excess availability-based pricing grid. ABR is defined, in part, as the greater of (a) the Prime Rate in effect on such day, (b) the Federal Reserve Bank of New York Rate in effect on such day plus ½ of 1% and (c) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate (defined below) for a one-month period plus 1%; or
•The Adjusted Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") Rate plus the applicable Term Benchmark Spread (as defined in the ABL Facility) determined in accordance with an excess availability-based pricing grid. Adjusted Term SOFR Rate is defined as the Term SOFR Rate plus 0.10%, subject to an initial Floor (as defined in the ABL Facility) of 0%.
20

As amended by Amendment No. 5, based upon the quarterly average of daily availability under the ABL Facility, the interest rate pricing grid, is as follows:

Pricing under the ABL Facility (Basis Points)
Quarter Average of Daily Availability | Term Benchmark Spread | ABR Spread
> 66% of $125 million aggregate commitment | 175.0 | 75.0
≤ 66% but > 33% of $125 million aggregate commitment | 200.0 | 100.0
≤ 33% of $125 million aggregate commitment | 225.0 | 125.0

Pursuant to Amendment No. 5, the commitment fee was decreased from 0.40% to (i) 0.25% if the Average Usage (as defined in the ABL Facility) is greater than or equal to 50% and (ii) 0.375% if Average Usage is less than 50%.
The borrowing base calculation was amended by Amendment No. 5 as follows: (i) real property is no longer eligible to be included in the borrowing base, (ii) the PP&E Component (as defined in the ABL Facility), as included in the borrowing base, was decreased to the lesser of (a) 60% of the Net Orderly Liquidation Value (as defined in the ABL Facility) in place of eligible equipment and (b) 30% of the borrowing base and (iii) the amount of eligible cash included in the borrowing base is now capped at 15% of the borrowing base.
The financial covenant is a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio (as defined in the ABL Facility) of 1.00:1.00 that will be triggered in the event that availability is less than the greater of (x) 10% of the Line Cap (as defined in the ABL Facility) and (y) $10 million and will continue until availability is equal to or greater than the greater of (x) 10% of the Line Cap and (y) $10 million for 30 consecutive days, as long as no events of default are continuing.
If at any time the availability under the ABL facility is less than the greater of (x) 20% of the Line Cap and (y) $20 million and until such subsequent date, if any, on which availability is greater than the greater of (x) 20% of the Line Cap and (y) $20 million for a period of thirty (30) consecutive calendar days, the Company’s current monthly reporting requirements to lenders changes to a weekly cadence.
A Cash Dominion Period (as defined in the ABL Facility) is now triggered when (x) availability falls below the greater of (i) 12.5% of the Line Cap and (ii) $12.6 million or (y) during the continuation of an event of default and continuing until (x) availability is above the greater of (i) 12.5% of the Line Cap and (ii) $12.6 million for 30 consecutive days and (y) no events of default are continuing. During a Cash Dominion Period, receipts that have not yet been applied to the ABL Facility are classified as restricted cash in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
The ABL Facility has customary representations and warranties including, as a condition to each borrowing, that all such representations and warranties are true and correct in all material respects (including a representation that no Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the ABL Facility) has occurred since December 31, 2024). In the event that the Company cannot certify that all conditions to the borrowing have been met, the lenders can restrict the Company’s future borrowings under the ABL Facility.
In accordance with the ABL Facility, the lenders have been provided with the Company’s financial statements, covenant compliance certificates and projections to facilitate their ongoing assessment of the Company. Accordingly, the Company believes the likelihood that lenders would exercise the subjective acceleration clause whereby prohibiting future borrowings is remote. As of September 30, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants.
PE Films Guangzhou Loan
In June 2024, PE Films' business location in Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou Tredegar Film Products Co., Ltd. (“Guangzhou Tredegar”), entered into a 9.5 million Chinese Yuan revolving loan with the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. This loan matured on July 3, 2025. The interest rate was the one year loan prime rate published by the National Interbank Funding Center for the working day immediately preceding the drawdown date, minus 0.45%. As of September 30, 2025, there was no outstanding loan balance. The revolving loan was secured by a mortgage contract listing the Guangzhou Tredegar factory building as collateral. The mortgage contract has a maximum value of 30 million Chinese Yuan and is effective from June 25, 2024 through May 31, 2027. Guangzhou Tredegar has the option to enter into additional loan contracts with the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China for the duration of the mortgage contract. As of December 31, 2024, this loan was presented as current debt on the consolidated balance sheets.
11. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS
Flexible Packaging Films
In September 2023, the Company entered into an agreement to sell Terphane, headquartered in Brazil, to Oben for net cash-free and debt-free base consideration of $116 million.
21

On November 1, 2024, Tredegar completed the sale of Terphane to Oben. At closing, Tredegar received $60 million in cash, which was net of Terphane debt assumed by Oben of $20 million and estimated Terphane cash retained by Oben of $2 million. The cash proceeds received by Tredegar at closing were after deducting net working capital adjustments and closing indebtedness ($20.5 million), escrow funds ($19.8 million), projected Brazil withholding taxes ($10.8 million), and transaction expenses ($4.4 million). In February 2025, the Company received $9.8 million from post-closing settlement of the transaction. The proceeds from the sale of Terphane were required to be used to pay down debt outstanding under the ABL Facility.
Upon completion of the sale, the Company recognized a pre-tax loss of $74.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, which included the realization of other comprehensive losses on foreign currency translation adjustments, net of gains on derivative financial instruments of $102.3 million previously reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
The following table summarizes the financial results of discontinued operations reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Revenue and other items |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales | $ | — |  |  | $ | 35,987 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 104,046 |
Other income (expense), net | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
| — |  |  | 35,990 |  |  | — |  |  | 104,052 |
Costs and expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of goods sold | — |  |  | 29,204 |  |  | — |  |  | 85,793 |
Freight | — |  |  | 1,618 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,021 |
Selling, general and administrative | 35 |  |  | 3,121 |  |  | 360 |  |  | 5,651 |
Research and development | — |  |  | 174 |  |  | — |  |  | 570 |
Amortization of intangibles | — |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | 71 |
Interest expense 1 | — |  |  | 2,288 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,799 |
(Gain) loss on sale of business | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9,657) |  |  | — |
Total | 35 |  |  | 36,428 |  |  | (9,297) |  |  | 103,905 |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income tax | (35) |  |  | (438) |  |  | 9,297 |  |  | 147 |
Income tax expense (benefit)2 | — |  |  | 119 |  |  | — |  |  | 398 |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax | $ | (35) |  |  | $ | (557) |  |  | $ | 9,297 |  |  | $ | (251) |
1.For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, interest expense includes $0.6 million and $1.8 million, respectively, directly related to the $20 million of outstanding Terphane debt assumed by Oben. 2.An inconsequential income tax expense (benefit) was recognized during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily due to foreign tax credits generated from the final Brazilian withholding tax payment made during the periods, which offset the tax liability on the income from discontinued operations.

Interest expense allocated to discontinued operations was determined by applying the ABL Facility weighted-average interest rate to the Terphane sale proceeds, as the sale proceeds were required to be used to pay down debt outstanding under the ABL Facility.
22

The assets and liabilities of the discontinued operations reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, were as follows:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
Assets |  |  |
Deferred income taxes | $ | — |  |  | $ | 126 |
Total noncurrent assets of discontinued operations | $ | — |  |  | $ | 126 |
Liabilities 1 |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | — |  |  | $ | 161 |
Accrued expenses | — |  |  | 580 |
Total current liabilities of discontinued operations | $ | — |  |  | $ | 741 |
1.The consolidated balance sheet of discontinued operations as of December 31, 2024 includes $0.6 million of severance and $0.2 million of miscellaneous accrued expenses.

The following table provides significant operating, investing and financing cash flow information for discontinued operations:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2025 |  | 2024
Operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,191 |
Gain on the sale of divested business | (9,657) |  |  | — |
Total | $ | (9,657) |  |  | $ | 2,191 |
Investing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from the sale of Terphane | $ | 9,835 |  |  | $ | — |
Capital expenditures | — |  |  | 2,108 |
Total | $ | 9,835 |  |  | $ | 2,108 |

23

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Forward-looking and Cautionary Statements
Some of the information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q ("Form 10-Q") may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. When the Company uses the words “believe,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “appear to,” “expect,” “project,” “plan,” “likely,” “may” and similar expressions, it does so to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are based on the Company's then current expectations and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those addressed in the forward-looking statements. It is possible that the Company's actual results and financial condition may differ, possibly materially, from the anticipated results and financial condition indicated in or implied by these forward-looking statements. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations include, without limitation, the following:
•the impact of macroeconomic factors, such as inflation, interest rates and recession risks;
•an increase in the operating costs incurred by the Company’s business units, including, for example, the cost of raw materials and energy;
•noncompliance with any of the financial and other restrictive covenants in the ABL Facility;
•failure to continue to attract, develop and retain certain key officers or employees;
•disruptions to the Company’s manufacturing facilities, including those resulting from labor shortages;
•an information technology system failure or breach;
•risks of doing business in countries outside the U.S. that affect our international operations;
•the impact of public health epidemics on employees, production and the global economy, such as the COVID-19 pandemic;
•political, economic and regulatory factors concerning the Company’s products;
•inability to develop, efficiently manufacture and deliver new products at competitive prices;
•the impact of the imposition of tariffs and sanctions on imported aluminum ingot used by Bonnell Aluminum;
•failure by governmental entities to prevent foreign companies from evading antidumping and countervailing duties;
•unanticipated problems or delays with the implementation of the enterprise resource planning and manufacturing executions systems, or security breaches and other disruptions to the Company's information technology infrastructure;
•loss of sales to significant customers on which the Company’s business is highly dependent;
•inability to achieve sales to new customers to replace lost business;
•failure of the Company’s customers to achieve success or maintain market share;
•failure to protect our intellectual property rights;
•inability to successfully complete strategic acquisitions or dispositions, failure to realize the expected benefits of such acquisitions or dispositions, and assumption of unanticipated risks in such acquisitions or dispositions;
and the other factors discussed in the reports Tredegar files with or furnishes to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) from time to time, including the risks and important factors set forth in additional detail in Part I, Item 1A of Tredegar’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (the “2024 Form 10-K”). Readers are urged to review and consider carefully the disclosures Tredegar makes in its filings with the SEC.
Tredegar does not undertake, and expressly disclaims any duty, to update any forward-looking statement to reflect any change in management’s expectations or any change in conditions, assumptions or circumstances on which such statements are based, except as required by applicable law.
References herein to “Tredegar,” “the Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” are to Tredegar Corporation and its subsidiaries, collectively, unless the context otherwise indicates or requires.
Unless otherwise stated or indicated, all comparisons are to the prior year period. References to "Notes" are to notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements found in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.
24

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
In the ordinary course of business, the Company makes a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of results of operations and financial position in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting standards in the United States ("GAAP"). The Company believes the estimates, assumptions and judgments described in the section “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in the 2024 Form 10-K have the greatest potential impact on our financial statements, so Tredegar considers these to be its critical accounting policies. Since December 31, 2024, there have been no changes in these policies or estimates that have had a material impact on our results of operations or financial position.
Business Overview
Tredegar Corporation is an industrial manufacturer with two primary businesses: custom aluminum extrusions for the building & construction (“B&C”), automotive and specialty end-use markets in the United States through its Aluminum Extrusions segment (with exports comprising less than 5% of total sales volume) and surface protection films for high-technology applications in the global electronics industry through its PE Films segment. With approximately 1,700 employees, the Company operates manufacturing facilities in the U.S. and China.
Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA") from ongoing operations is the measure of segment profit and loss used by Tredegar’s chief operating decision maker ("CODM") for purposes of assessing financial performance. The Company uses sales less freight (“net sales”) as its measure of revenues from external customers at the segment level. This measure is separately included in the financial information regularly provided to the CODM.
Earnings before interest and taxes ("EBIT") from ongoing operations is a non-GAAP financial measure included in the reconciliation of segment financial information to consolidated results for the Company in the Segment Operations Review section below. It is not intended to represent the stand-alone results for Tredegar's ongoing operations under GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to net income as defined by GAAP. We believe that EBIT is a widely understood and utilized metric that is meaningful to certain investors and that including this financial metric in the reconciliation of management’s performance metric, EBITDA from ongoing operations, provides useful information to those investors that primarily utilize EBIT to analyze the Company’s core operations.
Third quarter 2025 net income (loss) from continuing operations was $7.1 million ($0.20 per diluted share) compared to $(3.4) million ($(0.10) per diluted share) in the third quarter of 2024.
Third Quarter Financial Results Highlights
•EBITDA from ongoing operations for Aluminum Extrusions was $16.8 million in the third quarter of 2025 versus $6.2 million in the third quarter of 2024 and versus $9.3 million in the second quarter of 2025.
◦Sales volume was 41.3 million pounds in the third quarter of 2025 versus 34.6 million pounds in the third quarter of 2024 and 40.7 million pounds in the second quarter of 2025.
◦Net new orders decreased 5% in the third quarter of 2025 versus the third quarter of 2024 and 16% versus the second quarter of 2025. Open orders at the end of the third quarter of 2025 were 19 million pounds versus 16 million pounds at the end of the third quarter of 2024 and 25 million pounds at the end of the second quarter of 2025.
•EBITDA from ongoing operations for PE Films was $7.2 million in the third quarter of 2025 versus $5.9 million in the third quarter of 2024 and versus $6.7 million in the second quarter of 2025.
◦Sales volume was 9.7 million pounds in the third quarter of 2025 versus 9.6 million pounds in the third quarter of 2024 and 9.8 million pounds in the second quarter of 2025.
25

Results of Operations
Third Quarter of 2025 Compared with the Third Quarter of 2024 Results
The following table presents a bridge of consolidated net income (loss) from continuing operations from the third quarter of 2024 to the third quarter of 2025 with management's related discussion and analysis below the table.

(In thousands) |  |
Net income (loss) from continuing operations for the three months ended September 30, 2024 |  | $ | (3,389) |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | 828 |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2024 |  | (2,561) |
Change in income (loss) from increases (decreases) in the following items: |  |
Sales |  | 48,878 |
Other income (expense), net |  | 30 |
Total |  | 48,908 |
Change in income (loss) from (increases) decreases in the following items: |  |
Cost of goods sold |  | (34,738) |
Freight |  | (1,121) |
Selling, general and administrative |  | (1,552) |
Interest expense |  | 424 |
Other |  | (237) |
Total |  | (37,224) |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes for the three months ended September 30, 2025 |  | 9,123 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | 2,014 |
Net income (loss) from continuing operations for the three months ended September 30, 2025 |  | $ | 7,109 |

Sales in the third quarter of 2025 increased by $48.9 million compared with the third quarter of 2024. Net sales (sales less freight) in Aluminum Extrusions increased $46.8 million, primarily due to higher sales volume and the pass-through of higher metal costs. Net sales in PE Films increased $1.0 million, primarily due to an increase in sales volume in surface protection films. For more information on net sales and volume, see the Segment Operations Review below.
Consolidated gross profit (sales minus cost of goods sold and freight) as a percentage of sales (gross profit margin) was 16.0% in the third quarter of 2025 compared to 12.4% in the third quarter of 2024. The gross profit margin in Aluminum Extrusions increased compared to the prior year period primarily due to higher volume, favorable pricing and lower manufacturing costs associated with material yield, partially offset by higher labor rates, unfavorable labor productivity associated with onboarding new employees, higher maintenance and supply expense, and higher fixed costs primarily associated with wage increases and compensation-related costs. Additionally, the timing of the flow-through under the first-in first-out (“FIFO”) method of aluminum raw materials costs, which were previously acquired in a quickly changing commodity pricing environment, causing a temporary mismatch in the change in the cost of raw materials included in variable costs and the pass through to customers included in sales, resulted in a benefit of $4.3 million in the third quarter of 2025 versus a charge of $1.0 million in the third quarter of 2024. The gross profit margin in PE Films increased due to a higher Surface Protection contribution margin associated with higher volume, cost improvements and favorable productivity and the pass-through lag associated with resin costs, partially offset by lower overwrap films volume and unfavorable productivity.
As a percentage of sales, selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) and research and development ("R&D") expenses were 10.5% in the third quarter of 2025 compared with 13.0% in the third quarter of 2024. Third quarter sales increased 33.5% while SG&A increased 8.3% compared to the prior period. Higher SG&A spending was primarily due to employee-related incentive compensation, stock-based compensation and business development activities.
Interest expense was $0.8 million in the third quarter of 2025 in comparison to $1.2 million in the third quarter of 2024. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to lower weighted average total debt outstanding and lower interest rates.
The effective tax rate used to compute income taxes (benefit) from continuing operations in the third quarter of 2025 was 22.1% compared to (32.3)% in the third quarter of 2024. The effective tax rate in the third quarter of 2025 was impacted by taxable discrete items, including stock-based compensation. The effective tax rate in the third quarter of 2024 was impacted by a loss from continuing operations before income taxes.
26

Pre-tax gains and losses associated with plant shutdowns, asset impairments, restructurings and other items for the third quarters of 2025 and 2024 detailed below are shown in the reconciliation of net sales and EBITDA from ongoing operations by segment in the table in the Segment Operations Review section below and are included in “Asset impairments and costs associated with exit and disposal activities, net of adjustments” in the condensed consolidated statements of income, unless otherwise noted.

| Three Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) | 2025 | 2024
Aluminum Extrusions: |  |
(Gains) losses associated with plant shutdowns, asset impairments and restructurings: |  |
Production equipment asset impairment | $ | 0.4 |  | $ | — |
(Gains) losses from sale of assets, investment writedowns and other items: |  |
Consulting expenses for ERP/MES project 1 | 0.4 |  | 0.7 |
Aluminum extrusion press fire at the Newnan, Georgia plant 1 | 0.1 |  | — |
Legal fees associated with the Aluminum Extruders Trade Case and other matters 1 | — |  | 0.4 |
Resolution of customer quality complaint 2 | — |  | 0.8 |
Total for Aluminum Extrusions | $ | 0.9 |  | $ | 1.9 |
Corporate: |  |
(Gains) losses from sale of assets, investment writedowns and other items: |  |
Professional fees associated with business development activities 1 | $ | 1.8 |  | $ | 0.1 |
Professional fees associated with remediation activities related to internal control over financial reporting 1 | — |  | 0.3 |
Professional fees associated with the transition to the ABL Facility 1 | — |  | 0.1 |
Total for Corporate | $ | 1.8 |  | $ | 0.5 |
1. Included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the condensed consolidated statements of income. 2. Included in "Sales" in the condensed consolidated statements of income.

Average total debt outstanding and interest rates were as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30,
(In millions, except percentages) | 2025 |  | 2024
Floating-rate debt with interest charged on a rollover basis plus a credit spread: |  |  |
Average total outstanding debt balance | $ | 59.0 |  |  | $ | 125.5 |
Average interest rate | 6.5 | % |  | 9.0 | %

27

First Nine Months of 2025 Compared with the First Nine Months of 2024 Results
The following table presents a bridge of consolidated net income (loss) from continuing operations from the first nine months of 2024 to the first nine months of 2025 with management's related discussion and analysis below the table.

(In thousands) |  |
Net income (loss) from continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 |  | $ | 8,385 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | 3,175 |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 |  | 11,560 |
Change in income (loss) from increases (decreases) in the following items: |  |
Sales |  | 94,820 |
Other income (expense), net |  | 1,077 |
Total |  | 95,897 |
Change in income (loss) from (increases) decreases in the following items: |  |
Cost of goods sold |  | (84,796) |
Freight |  | (2,497) |
Selling, general and administrative |  | (7,154) |
Interest expense |  | (51) |
Other |  | 225 |
Total |  | (94,273) |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 |  | 13,184 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | 3,575 |
Net income (loss) from continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 |  | $ | 9,609 |

Sales in the first nine months of 2025 increased by $94.8 million compared with the first nine months of 2024. Net sales (sales less freight) in Aluminum Extrusions increased $95.1 million, primarily due to higher sales volume and the pass-through of higher metal costs. Net sales in PE Films decreased $2.8 million, primarily due to a decrease in sales volume in Surface Protection and overwrap films. For more information on net sales and volume, see the Segment Operations Review below.
Consolidated gross profit (sales minus cost of goods sold and freight) as a percentage of sales (gross profit margin) was 14.7% in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 16.1% in the first nine months of 2024. The gross profit margin in Aluminum Extrusions decreased compared to the prior year period primarily due to higher variable manufacturing costs associated with material yield in the first five months of 2025, higher labor rates, decreased labor productivity associated with onboarding new employees, higher maintenance expense, primarily associated with downed equipment and extreme winter weather events in the first quarter of 2025 and tariff impacts, higher die expense associated with the timing of purchases in the first quarter of 2025, higher expense for externally purchased (versus internally produced) billet related to increasing volume, higher utilities and higher fixed costs associated with wage increases and compensation-related costs, partially offset by higher volume and favorable mix. Additionally, the timing of the flow-through under the FIFO method of aluminum raw material costs, which were previously acquired at lower prices in a quickly changing commodity pricing environment and passed through to customers, resulted in a benefit of $5.4 million in the first nine months of 2025 versus a charge of $1.0 million in the first nine months of 2024. The gross profit margin in PE Films remained consistent with the prior period.
As a percentage of sales, SG&A and R&D expenses were 11.5% in the first nine months of 2025 compared with 12.3% in the first nine months of 2024. Sales increased 21.4% while SG&A increased 13.2% compared to the prior period. Higher SG&A spending was primarily due to employee-related incentive compensation, stock-based compensation and business development activities.
Interest expense was $3.6 million in the first nine months of 2025 in comparison to $3.5 million in the first nine months of 2024. The increase was primarily due to the write-off of deferred financing fees related to the entry into Amendment No. 5 to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement of $0.8 million, partially offset by lower weighted average total debt outstanding and lower interest rates.
The effective tax rate used to compute income taxes (benefit) from continuing operations in the first nine months of 2025 was 27.1% compared to 27.5% in the first nine months of 2024. The effective tax rate in the first nine months of 2025 and the first nine months of 2024 was impacted by taxable discrete items, including stock-based compensation.
28

Pre-tax gains and losses associated with plant shutdowns, asset impairments, restructurings and other items for the first nine months of 2025 and 2024 detailed below are shown in the reconciliation of net sales and EBITDA from ongoing operations by segment in the table in the Segment Operations Review section below and are included in “Asset impairments and costs associated with exit and disposal activities, net of adjustments” in the condensed consolidated statements of income, unless otherwise noted.

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) | 2025 | 2024
Aluminum Extrusions: |  |
(Gains) losses associated with plant shutdowns, asset impairments and restructurings: |  |
Production equipment asset impairment | $ | 0.4 |  | $ | — |
(Gains) losses from sale of assets, investment writedowns and other items: |  |
Consulting expenses for ERP/MES project 1 | 1.2 |  | 2.1 |
Storm damage to the Newnan, Georgia plant 1 | (0.2) |  | 0.3 |
Aluminum extrusion press fire at the Newnan, Georgia plant 1 | 0.1 |  |
Legal fees associated with the Aluminum Extruders Trade Case and other matters 1 | 0.1 | 0.9 |
Resolution of customer quality complaint 5 | — |  | 0.8 |
Aluminum premium charge as a result of unplanned maintenance interruptions 2 | 0.3 | — |
Total for Aluminum Extrusions | $ | 1.9 |  | $ | 4.1 |
PE Films: |  |
(Gains) losses associated with plant shutdowns, asset impairments and restructurings: |  |
Richmond, Virginia Technical Center closure expenses, including severance 3 | $ | — |  | $ | 0.3 |
Richmond, Virginia Technical Center lease modification 3 | — |  | 0.3 |
Total for PE Films | $ | — |  | $ | 0.6 |
Corporate: |  |
(Gains) losses from sale of assets, investment writedowns and other items: |  |
Professional fees associated with business development activities 1 | $ | 5.6 |  | $ | 0.3 |
Professional fees associated with remediation activities related to internal control over financial reporting 1 | 0.2 |  | 1.6 |
Group annuity contract premium adjustment 4 | 0.1 | (0.2) |
Professional fees associated with the transition to the ABL Facility 1 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
Proceeds on the sale of corporate-owned land 4 | (1.5) |  | — |
Total for Corporate | $ | 4.6 |  | $ | 2.0 |
1. Included in “Selling, general and administrative expenses” in the condensed consolidated statements of income. 2. Included in “Cost of Goods Sold” in the condensed consolidated statements of income. 3. See Note 1 for additional information. 4. Included in “Other income (expense), net” in the condensed consolidated statements of income. 5. Included in "Sales" in the condensed consolidated statements of income.

Average total debt outstanding and interest rates were as follows:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions, except percentages) | 2025 |  | 2024
Floating-rate debt with interest charged on a rollover basis plus a credit spread: |  |  |
Average total outstanding debt balance | $ | 60.0 |  |  | $ | 128.6 |
Average interest rate | 6.8 | % |  | 9.1 | %

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Segment Operations Review
Aluminum Extrusions
A summary of results for Aluminum Extrusions is provided below:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Favorable/ |  | Nine Months Ended |  | Favorable/
(In thousands, except percentages) |  | September 30, |  | (Unfavorable) |  | September 30, |  | (Unfavorable)
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | % Change |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | % Change
Sales volume (lbs) |  | 41,303 |  |  | 34,556 |  |  | 19.5% |  | 119,911 |  |  | 103,303 |  |  | 16.1%
Net sales |  | $ | 162,470 |  |  | $ | 115,717 |  |  | 40.4% |  | $ | 444,470 |  |  | $ | 349,353 |  |  | 27.2%
Variable costs |  | 124,462 |  |  | 90,397 |  |  | (37.7)% |  | 344,043 |  |  | 263,007 |  |  | (30.8)%
Manufacturing fixed costs 1 |  | 11,906 |  |  | 10,218 |  |  | (16.5)% |  | 34,879 |  |  | 29,726 |  |  | (17.3)%
Selling, general and administrative costs 1 |  | 8,948 |  |  | 8,549 |  |  | (4.7)% |  | 28,489 |  |  | 24,319 |  |  | (17.1)%
Other 2 |  | 346 |  |  | 376 |  |  | 8.0% |  | 1,808 |  |  | 677 |  |  | (167.1)%
EBITDA from ongoing operations |  | $ | 16,808 |  |  | $ | 6,177 |  |  | 172.1% |  | $ | 35,251 |  |  | $ | 31,624 |  |  | 11.5%
Depreciation & amortization |  | (4,190) |  |  | (4,404) |  |  | 4.9% |  | (12,509) |  |  | (13,392) |  |  | 6.6%
EBIT from ongoing operations 3 |  | $ | 12,618 |  |  | $ | 1,773 |  |  | 611.7% |  | $ | 22,742 |  |  | $ | 18,232 |  |  | 24.7%
Capital expenditures |  | $ | 3,079 |  |  | $ | 1,449 |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,835 |  |  | $ | 4,461 |  |  |
1. Excludes related depreciation and amortization 2. Includes segment allocated employee compensation benefit expenses 3. See the reconciliation below of this non-GAAP measure to the most comparable measure calculated in accordance with GAAP.

Third Quarter 2025 Results vs. Third Quarter 2024 Results
Net sales (sales less freight) in the third quarter of 2025 increased 40.4% versus the third quarter of 2024 primarily due to higher sales volume and the pass-through of higher metal costs. Sales volume in the third quarter of 2025 increased 19.5% versus the third quarter of 2024 and 1.5% versus the second quarter of 2025. The Company increased shipments for curtainwall, storefront and institutional walkway covers within the nonresidential B&C market versus the third quarter of 2024. Within the specialty market, shipments for solar panel products within the electrical product group, machinery and equipment, consumer durables and distribution products increased versus the third quarter of last year. The Company attributes the increase in nonresidential B&C and consumer durables to a pull-forward of demand earlier in the year as customers placed orders in anticipation of higher tariff-related pricing (see discussion on net new orders below).
Year-over-year growth in shipments for TSLOTS TM aluminum framing systems was primarily associated with increased demand for infrastructure associated with data containment and data centers. The Company believes that the growth in the solar and distribution markets was partly due to regaining market share previously lost to imported aluminum extrusions.
Net new orders in the third quarter of 2025 decreased 5% versus the third quarter of 2024 and 16% versus the second quarter of 2025. The decrease in net new orders in the third quarter of 2025, which is largely attributed to the tariff increase to 50%, marked the second quarterly decline for this metric, following 10 consecutive quarterly increases.
Open orders at the end of the third quarter of 2025 were 19 million pounds versus 16 million pounds at the end of the third quarter of 2024 and 25 million pounds at the end of the second quarter of 2025. This level falls below the quarterly range of 21 to 27 million pounds in 2019 before pandemic-related disruptions that resulted in long lead times.
Effective June 4, 2025, the Section 232 tariffs were increased to 50%, except for the United Kingdom, after previously being increased from 10% to 25%, effective March 12, 2025. These measures are in addition to existing antidumping and countervailing duties. There are no country-specific or product-specific exclusions occurring to date, except for an alternative arrangement with the United Kingdom. Tariffs and duties are part of the mechanical pass-through to customers in the U.S. market for aluminum extrusions for changes in metal costs. In addition, the Company implemented price increases during the third quarter of 2025 to offset other tariff-related cost increases that are not part of the metal cost pass-through mechanism.
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The trend of net new orders declined after the most recent tariff increase to 50% from an average of 3.4 million pounds per week for the weekly periods ending from January 5 to June 1, 2025, to an average of 2.7 million pounds per week for the weekly periods ending June 8, 2025 through November 2, 2025. The Company believes that the 20% decline in net new orders after the step-up in tariff to 50% is due to a combination of: lower demand for extrusions in the U.S.; tariffs not resulting in the expected favorable shift of market share to U.S. aluminum extrusion producers due to the apparent undervaluing of goods by importers; and customers pausing orders to evaluate the permanency of the new higher tariff. When the Section 232 program was initially strengthened, while import volume remained high, U.S. producers began to see increased market share gains against imports. However, the U.S. industry has seen these early gains reversed and imports have again begun gaining share at the expense of the domestic industry, which has impacted the Company’s business. The Company is hopeful that the Administration will address the problem.
EBITDA from ongoing operations in the third quarter of 2025 increased $10.6 million versus the third quarter of 2024, primarily due to:
•A $12.7 million increase in contribution margin (net sales less variable costs) associated with:
◦Higher volume ($4.9 million), favorable pricing ($4.2 million) and lower manufacturing costs associated with material yield ($0.5 million favorable in the third quarter of 2025 versus $0.8 million unfavorable in the third quarter of 2024), partially offset by higher labor rates ($0.9 million), unfavorable labor productivity associated with onboarding new employees ($0.7 million), higher maintenance and supply expense, partially due to the impact of tariffs ($0.5 million), and higher utilities ($0.3 million).
◦The timing of the flow-through under the FIFO method of aluminum raw materials costs, which were previously acquired in a quickly changing commodity pricing environment, causing a temporary mismatch in the change in the cost of raw materials included in variable costs and the pass through to customers included in sales, resulted in a benefit of $4.3 million in the third quarter of 2025 versus a charge of $1.0 million in the third quarter of 2024.
▪The underlying average U.S. Midwest transaction prices for aluminum (which includes tariffs and duties) and the main factor causing the flow-through timing issue for the related periods compared, were $1.89 and $1.49 per pound in August and May of 2025, and $1.25 and $1.36 per pound in August and May of 2024. The average U.S. Midwest transaction prices for aluminum for the third and second quarters of 2025 and third and second quarters of 2024 were $1.90, $1.56, $1.27 and $1.34 per pound, respectively.
•Higher fixed costs primarily associated with wage increases and compensation-related costs ($0.6 million), higher maintenance and utilities expenses ($0.5 million) and added resources to support increasing volume ($0.3 million).
•Higher SG&A expenses primarily associated with employee-related compensation ($0.4 million).
First Nine Months of 2025 Results vs. First Nine Months of 2024 Results
Net sales in the first nine months of 2025 increased 27.2% versus the first nine months of 2024 primarily due to higher sales volume and the pass-through of higher metal costs. Sales volume in the first nine months of 2025 increased 16.1% versus the first nine months of 2024.
EBITDA from ongoing operations in the first nine months of 2025 increased $3.6 million in comparison to the first nine months of 2024 primarily due to:
•A $14.0 million increase in contribution margin associated with:
◦Higher volume and favorable mix ($15.6 million), partially offset by higher variable manufacturing costs associated with material yield in the first five months of 2025, which was unfavorable to projected rates ($0.8 million unfavorable in the first nine months of 2025 versus $0.2 million unfavorable in the first nine months of 2024), higher labor rates ($2.3 million), decreased labor productivity associated with onboarding new employees ($1.2 million), higher maintenance expense, primarily associated with downed equipment, extreme winter weather events in the first quarter of 2025 and tariff impacts ($1.0 million), higher die expense associated with the timing of purchases in the first quarter of 2025 ($0.7 million), higher expense for externally purchased (versus internally produced) billet related to increasing volume ($1.0 million) and higher utilities ($0.7 million).
◦The timing of the flow-through under the FIFO method of aluminum raw material costs, which were previously acquired at lower prices in a quickly changing commodity pricing environment and passed through to customers, resulted in a benefit of $5.4 million in the first nine months of 2025 versus a charge of $1.0 million in the first nine months of 2024.
31

•Higher fixed costs associated with wage increases and compensation-related costs ($2.4 million), higher maintenance and utilities ($1.2 million) and added resources to support increasing volume ($0.9 million).
•Higher SG&A expenses primarily associated with employee-related compensation ($3.3 million), increased training and onboarding expense ($0.5 million) and routine environmental compliance costs ($0.3 million).
•Higher other expense for employee-related medical costs caused by an increase in the number of high-cost medical claims versus favorable experience in recent years ($1.1 million). The Company is self-insured for medical claims with stop loss coverage for claims of over $0.3 million.
Manufacturing costs versus expectations during the second quarter of 2025 were unfavorable by approximately $3 million, which occurred in April and May due to inefficiencies from the ramp-up of production and hiring to fulfill the higher order rate. These issues were resolved and did not recur in the third quarter of 2025.
R efer to Item 3. Q uantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk in this Form 10-Q f or additional information on aluminum prices.
Projected Capital Expenditures and Depreciation & Amortization
Capital expenditures for Bonnell Aluminum are projected to be $17 million in 2025, including $5 million for productivity projects and $12 million for capital expenditures required to support continuity of operations. Depreciation expense is projected to be $15 million in 2025. Amortization expense is projected to be $2 million in 2025.
PE Films
A summary of results for PE Films is provided below:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Favorable/ |  | Nine Months Ended |  | Favorable/
(In thousands, except percentages) |  | September 30, |  | (Unfavorable) |  | September 30, |  | (Unfavorable)
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | % Change |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | % Change
Sales volume (lbs) |  | 9,656 |  |  | 9,640 |  |  | 0.2% |  | 29,093 |  |  | 30,223 |  |  | (3.7)%
Net sales |  | $ | 25,883 |  |  | $ | 24,879 |  |  | 4.0% |  | $ | 76,017 |  |  | $ | 78,811 |  |  | (3.5)%
Variable costs |  | 11,922 |  |  | 12,294 |  |  | 3.0% |  | 35,586 |  |  | 37,522 |  |  | 5.2%
Manufacturing fixed costs 1 |  | 3,785 |  |  | 3,496 |  |  | (8.3)% |  | 10,487 |  |  | 9,832 |  |  | (6.7)%
Selling, general and administrative costs 1 |  | 2,961 |  |  | 3,173 |  |  | 6.7% |  | 8,420 |  |  | 8,480 |  |  | 0.7%
Other 2 |  | (6) |  |  | 40 |  |  | 115.0% |  | 70 |  |  | 64 |  |  | (9.4)%
EBITDA from ongoing operations |  | $ | 7,221 |  |  | $ | 5,876 |  |  | 22.9% |  | $ | 21,454 |  |  | $ | 22,913 |  |  | (6.4)%
Depreciation & amortization |  | (1,224) |  |  | (1,299) |  |  | 5.8% |  | (3,705) |  |  | (3,944) |  |  | 6.1%
EBIT from ongoing operations 3 |  | $ | 5,997 |  |  | $ | 4,577 |  |  | 31.0% |  | $ | 17,749 |  |  | $ | 18,969 |  |  | (6.4)%
Capital expenditures |  | $ | 529 |  |  | $ | 517 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,411 |  |  | $ | 1,127 |  |  |
1. Excludes related depreciation and amortization 2. Includes segment allocated employee compensation benefit expenses 3. See the reconciliation below of this non-GAAP measure to the most comparable measure calculated in accordance with GAAP.

Third Quarter 2025 Results vs. Third Quarter 2024 Results
Net sales in the third quarter of 2025 increased 4.0% versus the third quarter of 2024 due to an increase in sales volume in surface protection films. Sales volume increased 10.9% in surface protection films versus the third quarter of 2024 and 16.1% versus the second quarter of 2025. Recent volume performance for Surface Protection is expected to moderate for the remainder of the year. Volume for overwrap films, which are predominantly manufactured and sold in the U.S. and used in consumer staple items, decreased 11.0% in the third quarter of 2025 versus the third quarter of 2024.
To date, Surface Protection has not experienced an adverse impact on customer demand related to tariff actions; however, the situation remains fluid and the impact on consumer electronics is uncertain.
EBITDA from ongoing operations in the third quarter of 2025 increased $1.4 million versus the third quarter of 2024, primarily due to:
•An increase in contribution margin of $1.4 million resulting from:
◦A $1.8 million increase from Surface Protection associated with higher volume ($0.7 million), cost improvements and favorable productivity ($1.0 million) and the pass-through lag associated with resin costs
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(a charge of $0.1 million in the third quarter of 2025 versus a charge of $0.2 million in the third quarter of 2024).
◦A $0.4 million decrease from overwrap films primarily due to lower volume ($0.1 million) and unfavorable productivity ($0.3 million)
There have been significant cyclical swings in the sales volume and EBITDA from ongoing operations for PE Films since the beginning of 2022, largely due to the unprecedented downturn in the display industry during the second half of 2022 and first half of 2023. EBITDA from ongoing operations for the past 3.75 years (first nine months of 2025, full year 2024, 2023 and 2022) has averaged approximately $5.0 million per quarter. The top four customers comprised 88% of the net sales for PE Films for the first nine months of 2025 and all of 2024.
First Nine Months of 2025 Results vs. First Nine Months of 2024 Results
Net sales in the first nine months of 2025 decreased 3.5% compared to the first nine months of 2024 due to a decrease in sales volume in Surface Protection and overwrap films. Sales volume decreased 1.9% in Surface Protection in the first nine months of 2025 versus the first nine months of 2024. Sales volume for overwrap films decreased 5.7% in the first nine months of 2025 versus the first nine months of 2024.
EBITDA from ongoing operations in the first nine months of 2025 decreased $1.5 million versus the first nine months of 2024, primarily due to:
•A decrease in contribution margin of $0.8 million resulting from:
◦Flat contribution margin in Surface Protection associated with lower volume ($3.2 million) offset by cost improvements and favorable pricing ($2.7 million) and the pass-through lag associated with resin costs (a charge of $0.2 million in the first nine months of 2025 versus a charge of $0.7 million in the first nine months of 2024).
◦A $0.8 million decrease in overwrap films primarily due to lower volume, unfavorable mix and pricing ($0.9 million) and unfavorable productivity ($0.3 million), partially offset by cost improvements ($0.2 million) and the pass-through lag associated with resin costs (a charge of $0.1 million in the first nine months of 2025 versus a charge of $0.3 million in the first nine months of 2024).
•Higher fixed costs primarily associated with wage increases and compensation-related costs ($0.4 million).
R efer to Item 3. Q uantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk in this Form 10-Q f or additional information on resin prices.
Projected Capital Expenditures and Depreciation & Amortization
Capital expenditures for PE Films are projected to be $2 million in 2025, including $1 million for productivity projects and $1 million for capital expenditures required to support continuity of current operations. Depreciation expense is projected to be $5 million in 2025. There is no amortization expense for PE Films.
Corporate Expenses
Corporate expenses, net in the first nine months of 2025 increased $4.9 million compared to the first nine months of 2024 primarily due to higher professional fees associated with business development activities ($5.3 million) and higher employee-related incentive compensation ($2.0 million), partially offset by a gain on the sale of corporate-owned land ($1.5 million) and lower external and internal audit fees ($0.7 million). The Company does not expect significant expenses from business development activities in the fourth quarter of 2025.
Net capitalization and other credit measures are provided in Liquidity and Capital Resources below.
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Reconciliation of Net Sales and EBITDA from Ongoing Operations by Segment
A reconciliation of segment financial information to consolidated results for the Company for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30, |  | September 30,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Net Sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aluminum Extrusions |  | $ | 162,470 |  |  | $ | 115,717 |  |  | $ | 444,470 |  |  | $ | 349,353 |
PE Films |  | 25,883 |  |  | 24,879 |  |  | 76,017 |  |  | 78,811 |
Total net sales |  | 188,353 |  |  | 140,596 |  |  | 520,487 |  |  | 428,164 |
Add back freight |  | 6,589 |  |  | 5,468 |  |  | 18,309 |  |  | 15,812 |
Sales as shown in the condensed consolidated statements of income |  | $ | 194,942 |  |  | $ | 146,064 |  |  | $ | 538,796 |  |  | $ | 443,976 |
EBITDA from Ongoing Operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Aluminum Extrusions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ongoing operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
EBITDA |  | $ | 16,808 |  |  | $ | 6,177 |  |  | $ | 35,251 |  |  | $ | 31,624 |
Depreciation & amortization |  | (4,190) |  |  | (4,404) |  |  | (12,509) |  |  | (13,392) |
EBIT |  | 12,618 |  |  | 1,773 |  |  | 22,742 |  |  | 18,232 |
Plant shutdowns, asset impairments, restructurings and other |  | (927) |  |  | (2,170) |  |  | (2,151) |  |  | (4,986) |
PE Films: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ongoing operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
EBITDA |  | $ | 7,221 |  |  | $ | 5,876 |  |  | $ | 21,454 |  |  | $ | 22,913 |
Depreciation & amortization |  | (1,224) |  |  | (1,299) |  |  | (3,705) |  |  | (3,944) |
EBIT |  | 5,997 |  |  | 4,577 |  |  | 17,749 |  |  | 18,969 |
Plant shutdowns, asset impairments, restructurings and other |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | (584) |
Total |  | 17,700 |  |  | 4,180 |  |  | 38,353 |  |  | 31,631 |
Interest income |  | 6 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 30 |
Interest expense |  | 768 |  |  | 1,192 |  |  | 3,566 |  |  | 3,515 |
Gain on investment in kaleo, Inc. |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 144 |
Corporate expenses, net |  | 7,815 |  |  | 5,554 |  |  | 21,619 |  |  | 16,730 |
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes |  | 9,123 |  |  | (2,561) |  |  | 13,184 |  |  | 11,560 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | 2,014 |  |  | 828 |  |  | 3,575 |  |  | 3,175 |
Net income (loss) from continuing operations |  | 7,109 |  |  | (3,389) |  |  | 9,609 |  |  | 8,385 |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |  | (35) |  |  | (557) |  |  | 9,297 |  |  | (251) |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 7,074 |  |  | $ | (3,946) |  |  | $ | 18,906 |  |  | $ | 8,134 |

Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company continues to focus on improving working capital management. Measures such as days sales outstanding (“DSO”), days inventory outstanding (“DIO”) and days payables outstanding (“DPO”) are used to evaluate changes in working capital. Changes in operating assets and liabilities from December 31, 2024 to September 30, 2025 are summarized below.
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•Accounts and other receivables increased $23.1 million (35.7%).
◦Accounts and other receivables in Aluminum Extrusions increased $23.0 million primarily due to higher sales volume and the pass-through of higher metal costs. DSO (represents trailing 12 months net sales divided by a rolling 12-month average of accounts and other receivables balances) was approximately 44.2 days for the 12 months ended September 30, 2025 and 44.7 days for the 12 months ended December 31, 2024.
◦Accounts and other receivables in PE Films remain consistent with prior period. DSO was approximately 25.5 days for the 12 months ended September 30, 2025 and 24.9 days for the 12 months ended December 31, 2024.
•Inventories increased $10.6 million (20.7%).
◦Inventories in Aluminum Extrusions increased $9.1 million primarily due to higher average aluminum prices and increased raw material levels from seasonally low levels at the end of last year. DIO (represents trailing 12 months costs of goods sold calculated on a FIFO basis divided by a rolling 12-month average of inventory balances calculated on the FIFO basis) was approximately 48.7 days for the 12 months ended September 30, 2025 and 47.4 days for the 12 months ended December 31, 2024.
◦Inventories in PE Films increased $1.5 million primarily due to higher raw material levels. DIO was approximately 52.3 days for the 12 months ended September 30, 2025 and 50.3 days for the 12 months ended December 31, 2024.
•Net property, plant and equipment decreased $6.6 million primarily due to depreciation expense of $15.0 million, partially offset by capital expenditures of $9.0 million.
•Identifiable intangible assets, net decreased $1.3 million (18.0%) due to amortization expense.
•Accounts payable increased $14.5 million (22.5%).
◦Accounts payable in Aluminum Extrusions increased $13.9 million primarily due to higher average aluminum prices and increased raw material purchases to support higher sales volume. DPO (represents trailing 12 months costs of goods sold calculated on a FIFO basis divided by a rolling 12-month average of accounts payable balances) was approximately 45.8 days for the 12 months ended September 30, 2025 and 44.5 days for the 12 months ended December 31, 2024.
◦Accounts payable in PE Films increased $0.8 million primarily due to higher raw material purchases. DPO was approximately 39.5 days for the 12 months ended September 30, 2025 and 41.3 days for the 12 months ended December 31, 2024.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $17.3 million in the first nine months of 2025 compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $6.1 million in the first nine months of 2024. The change in operating activities from the Company's continuing business segments is primarily due to higher segment EBITDA from ongoing operations, partially offset by higher working capital.
Net cash provided by investing activities was $2.5 million in the first nine months of 2025 compared to net cash used in investing activities of $7.5 million the first nine months of 2024. The change is primarily due to $9.8 million post-closing settlement proceeds associated with the sale of Terphane received in the first three months of 2025 and proceeds on the sale of corporate-owned land ($1.9 million), partially offset by higher capital expenditures ($1.6 million).
Net cash used in financing activities of $13.7 million in the first nine months of 2025 compared to net cash used in financing activities of $3.6 million in the first nine months of 2024. The change is primarily due to lower debt borrowings, net of principal payments ($9.5 million) under the ABL Facility (as defined below) in the first nine months of 2025, partially offset by higher deferred financing fees paid associated with Amendment No. 5 (defined below) to the ABL Facility in the first nine months of 2025.
At September 30, 2025, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $13.3 million, including cash and cash equivalents held in locations outside the U.S. of $2.0 million.
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Debt and Credit Agreements
ABL Facility
In May 2025, the Company entered into Amendment No. 5 (“Amendment No. 5”) to the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the "ABL Facility"), which provides the Company with a $125 million senior secured asset-based revolving credit facility. The ABL Facility is secured by substantially all assets of the Company and its domestic subsidiaries, including equity in certain material first-tier foreign subsidiaries. Availability for borrowings under the ABL Facility is governed by a borrowing base, determined by the application of specified advance rates against eligible assets, including a portion of trade accounts receivable, inventory, cash and cash equivalents, and owned machinery and equipment. Amendment No. 5 extended the maturity date of the ABL Facility to May 6, 2030. As of September 30, 2025, funds available to borrow under the ABL Facility was $72.5 million, or 58.0% of the aggregate commitment of $125 million. During the third quarter of 2025, the Company's letters of credit have been reduced from approximately $12 million to $3 million, which directly increases the Company's borrowing availability.
The financial covenant is a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio (as defined in the ABL Facility) of 1.00:1.00 that will be triggered in the event that availability is less than the greater of (x) 10% of the Line Cap (as defined in the ABL Facility) and (y) $10 million and will continue until availability is equal to or greater than the greater of (x) 10% of the Line Cap and (y) $10 million for 30 consecutive days, as long as no events of default are continuing.
In accordance with the ABL Facility, the lenders have been provided with the Company’s financial statements, covenant compliance certificates and projections to facilitate their ongoing assessment of the Company. Accordingly, the Company believes the likelihood that lenders would exercise the subjective acceleration clause whereby prohibiting future borrowings is remote. As of September 30, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all debt covenants.
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The computation of Credit EBITDA, as defined in the ABL Facility, and fixed charge coverage ratio is presented below.

Computations of Credit EBITDA (as defined in the ABL Facility) as of and for the Twelve Months Ended September 30, 2025 *
Computations of Credit EBITDA for the twelve months ended September 30, 2025 (in thousands):
Net income (loss) | $ | (53,793) |
Plus: |
After-tax losses related to discontinued operations | 56,062 |
Total income tax expense for continuing operations | 235 |
Interest expense | 4,715 |
Depreciation and amortization expense for continuing operations | 21,996 |
All non-cash losses and expenses, plus cash losses and expenses not to exceed $10,000, for continuing operations that are classified as unusual, extraordinary or which are related to plant shutdowns, asset impairments and/or restructurings (cash-related of $9,926) | 23,735 |
Charges related to stock option grants and awards accounted for under the fair value-based method | — |
Losses related to the application of the equity method of accounting | — |
Losses related to adjustments in the estimated fair value of assets accounted for under the fair value method of accounting | — |
Fees, costs and expenses incurred in connection with the amendment process (Amendment No. 3 “ABL Transition”) | 289 |
Fees, costs and expenses incurred in connection with the amendment process (Amendment No. 5) | — |
Minus: |
After-tax income related to discontinued operations | — |
Total income tax benefits for continuing operations | — |
Interest income | (22) |
All non-cash gains and income, plus cash gains and income in excess of $10,000, for continuing operations that are classified as unusual, extraordinary or which are related to plant shutdowns, asset impairments and/or restructurings | — |
Income related to changes in estimates for stock option grants and awards accounted for under the fair value-based method | — |
Income related to the application of the equity method of accounting | — |
Income related to adjustments in the estimated fair value of assets accounted for under the fair value method of accounting | — |
Plus or minus, as applicable, pro forma EBITDA adjustments associated with acquisitions and asset dispositions | — |
Credit EBITDA | $ | 53,217 |
Fixed charge coverage ratio**: |
Credit EBITDA | $ | 53,217 |
Unfinanced capital expenditures | $ | 15,516 |
Fixed charges | $ | 5,494 |
Fixed charge coverage ratio | 6.86
*Credit EBITDA is not intended to represent net income (loss) or cash flow from operations as defined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to either net income (loss) or to cash flow. ** Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio is computed as the ratio of (a) Credit EBITDA minus Unfinanced Capital Expenditures to (b) Fixed Charges.

PE Films Guangzhou Loan
In June 2024, PE Films' business location in Guangzhou, China, Guangzhou Tredegar Film Products Co., Ltd. (“Guangzhou Tredegar”), entered into a 9.5 million Chinese Yuan revolving loan with the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. This loan matured on July 3, 2025. The interest rate was the one year loan prime rate published by the National Interbank Funding Center for the working day immediately preceding the drawdown date, minus 0.45%. As of September 30, 2025, there was no outstanding loan balance. The revolving loan was secured by a mortgage contract listing the Guangzhou Tredegar factory building as collateral. The mortgage contract has a maximum value of 30 million Chinese Yuan and is effective from June 25, 2024 through May 31, 2027. Guangzhou Tredegar has the option to enter into additional loan contracts with the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China for the duration of the mortgage contract. As of December 31, 2024, this loan was presented as current debt on the consolidated balance sheets.
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For more information on the ABL Facility and the PE Films Guangzhou Loan, see Note 10.
The Company believes that existing borrowing availability, current cash balances and cash flow from operations will be sufficient to satisfy short term material cash requirements related to working capital, capital expenditures, and debt repayments for at least the next 12 months. In the longer term, liquidity will depend on many factors, including the results of operations, the timing and extent of capital expenditures, changes in operating plans, or other events that would cause the Company to seek additional financing in future periods.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Tredegar has exposure to the volatility of interest rates, polyethylene and polypropylene resin prices, aluminum ingot and scrap prices, energy prices, foreign currencies and emerging markets. See Liquidity and Capital Resources above regarding interest rate exposures related to borrowings under the ABL Facility.
Profit margins in Aluminum Extrusions are sensitive to fluctuations in aluminum ingot and scrap prices as well as natural gas prices (natural gas is the principal energy source used to operate its casting furnaces). Changes in polyethylene resin prices and the timing of those changes could have a significant impact on profit margins in PE Films. There is no assurance of the Company’s ability to pass through higher raw material and energy costs to its customers.
The purchase price of raw materials fluctuates on a monthly basis; therefore, Aluminum Extrusions pricing policies generally allow the Company to pass the underlying index cost of aluminum and certain alloys through to the vast majority of our customers so that we remain substantially neutral to metal pricing. In the normal course of business, Aluminum Extrusions enters into fixed-price forward sales contracts with certain customers for the sale of fixed quantities of aluminum extrusions at scheduled intervals. In order to hedge its exposure to aluminum price volatility (see the chart below) under these fixed-price arrangements, which generally have a duration of not more than 12 months, the Company enters into a combination of forward purchase commitments and futures contracts to acquire or hedge aluminum, based on the scheduled deliveries. See Note 7 for additional information.
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The volatility of quarterly average aluminum prices is shown in the chart below.

Source: Quarterly averages computed by the Company using London Metal Exchange daily aluminum cash prices plus the Midwest premium.

The volatility of quarterly average natural gas prices is shown in the chart below.

Source: Quarterly averages computed by Tredegar using monthly NYMEX settlement prices.

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The volatility of average quarterly prices of polyethylene resin in the U.S. (a primary raw material for PE Films) is shown in the chart below.

Source: Quarterly averages computed by Tredegar using monthly data provided by Oil Price Information Service (OPIS). In January 2023, OPIS reflected a 41 cents per pound non-market adjustment based on their estimate of the growth of discounts in the prior periods. The fourth quarter 2022 average rate of $0.60 per pound is shown on a pro forma basis as if the non-market adjustment was made in the fourth quarter of 2022.

The price of resin is driven by several factors, including supply and demand and the price of oil, ethylene and natural gas. Selling prices to customers are set considering numerous factors, including the expected volatility of resin prices. PE Films has index-based pass-through raw material cost arrangements with customers. However, under certain agreements, changes in resin prices are not passed through for a period of 90 days. In response to unprecedented cost increases and supply issues for polyethylene and polypropylene resin, Tredegar Surface Protection implemented a quarterly resin cost pass-through mechanism, effective July 1, 2021, for all products and customers not previously covered by such arrangements. Pricing on the remainder of the business is based upon raw material costs and supply/demand dynamics within the markets that the Company competes.
Tredegar attempts to match the pricing and cost of its products in the same currency and generally views the volatility of foreign currencies and the corresponding impact on earnings and cash flow as part of the overall risk of operating in a global environment (for additional information, see trends for the Chinese Yuan in the chart on the below). Exports from the U.S. are generally denominated in U.S. Dollars. The Company’s foreign currency exposure on income from foreign operations relates to the Chinese Yuan.
PE Films is generally able to match the currency of its sales and costs for its product lines. Tredegar estimates that the change in the value of foreign currencies relative to the U.S. Dollar for PE Films had a favorable impact to EBITDA from ongoing operations of $0.1 million for the third quarter of 2025 and no impact in the first nine months of 2025 compared to the same periods of 2024.
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Trends for the Chinese Yuan exchange rates relative to the U.S. Dollar are shown in the chart below.

Source: Quarterly averages computed by Tredegar using daily closing data provided by Bloomberg.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
In connection with the preparation of this Form 10-Q, pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), the Company carried out an evaluation with the participation of its management, including its Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (principal financial officer), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2025.
Based on this evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2025, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2025, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act).
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
As disclosed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the 2024 Form 10-K, there are a number of risks and uncertainties that can have a material effect on the operating results of our businesses and our financial condition. There are no material updates or changes to our risk factors previously disclosed in the 2024 Form 10-K.
Item 5. Other Information.
Director and Officer Trading Arrangements
During the three months ended September 30, 2025, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement," as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
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Item 6. Exhibits.

31.1 |  | Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer of Tredegar Corporation, pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 |  | Certification of Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Tredegar Corporation, pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 |  | Certification of President and Chief Executive Officer of Tredegar Corporation, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 |  | Certification of Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Tredegar Corporation, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101 |  | XBRL Instance Document and Related Items.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
* |  | Denotes compensatory plans or arrangements or management contracts.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  |  | Tredegar Corporation
|  |  |  | (Registrant)
Date: |  | November 7, 2025 |  | /s/ John M. Steitz
|  |  |  | John M. Steitz
|  |  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer
|  |  |  | (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: |  | November 7, 2025 |  | /s/ D. Andrew Edwards
|  |  |  | D. Andrew Edwards
|  |  |  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  |  |  | (Principal Financial Officer)
Date: |  | November 7, 2025 |  | /s/ Frasier W. Brickhouse, II
|  |  |  | Frasier W. Brickhouse, II
|  |  |  | Corporate Treasurer and Controller
|  |  |  | (Principal Accounting Officer)