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Fair Value Measurements | 6 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurements | FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS Fair value is defined under GAAP as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. GAAP requires that valuation techniques maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. GAAP also establishes a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the valuation inputs into three broad levels. Based on the underlying inputs, each fair value measurement in its entirety is reported in one of three levels. These levels are: Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2: Significant observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar (as opposed to identical) assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs other than quoted prices that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on the best information available in the circumstances. The Company's assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of investment securities available for sale and investments in equity securities. The estimated fair values of MBS are based upon market prices of similar securities or observable inputs (Level 2). The estimated fair values of mutual funds are based upon quoted market prices (Level 1). The Company had no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022. The Company's assets measured at estimated fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
March 31, 2023 | Estimated Fair Value |  |
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Available for sale investment securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
MBS: U.S. government agencies | $ | — |  |  | $ | 54,838 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 54,838 |
Investments in equity securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds | 850 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 850 |
Total | $ | 850 |  |  | $ | 54,838 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 55,688 |
September 30, 2022 | Estimated Fair Value |  |
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Available for sale investment securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
MBS: U.S. government agencies | $ | — |  |  | $ | 41,415 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 41,415 |
Investments in equity securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds | 835 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 835 |
Total | $ | 835 |  |  | $ | 41,415 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 42,250 |
There were no transfers among Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 during the six months ended March 31, 2023 and the year ended September 30, 2022. The Company may be required, from time to time, to measure certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These include assets that are measured at the lower of cost or market value that were recognized at fair value below cost at the end of the period. The Company uses the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value on a non-recurring basis: Impaired Loans: The estimated fair value of impaired loans is calculated using the collateral value method or on a discounted cash flow basis. The specific reserve for collateral dependent impaired loans is based on the estimated fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell, if applicable. In some cases, adjustments are made to the appraised values due to various factors including age of the appraisal, age of the comparable collateral included in the appraisal and known changes in the market and in the underlying collateral. Such adjustments may be significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly. The following table summarizes the balances of assets measured at estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis at March 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
| Estimated Fair Value |
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |
Impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial business loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 126 |  |
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 126 |  |
The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of March 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
| Estimated Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique(s) |  | Unobservable Input(s) |  |
Impaired loans | $ | 126 |  |  | Market approach |  | Appraised value less estimated selling costs |  |
The following table summarizes the balances of assets measured at estimated fair value on a non-recurring basis at September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):
| Estimated Fair Value |  |
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  |
Impaired loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial business loans | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 123 |  |  |
Total | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 123 |  |  |
The following table presents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis as of September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):
| Estimated Fair Value |  | Valuation Technique(s) |  | Unobservable Input(s) |  |
Impaired loans | $ | 123 |  |  | Market approach |  | Appraised value less estimated selling costs |  |
GAAP requires disclosure of estimated fair values for certain financial instruments. Such estimates are subjective in nature, and significant judgment is required regarding the risk characteristics of various financial instruments at a discrete point in time. Therefore, such estimates could vary significantly if assumptions regarding uncertain factors were to change. In addition, as the Company normally intends to hold the majority of its financial instruments until maturity, it does not expect to realize many of the estimated amounts disclosed. The disclosures also do not include estimated fair value amounts for certain items which are not defined as financial instruments but for which may have significant value. The Company does not believe that it would be practicable to estimate a representative fair value for these types of items as of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022. Because GAAP excludes certain items from fair value disclosure requirements, any aggregation of the fair value amounts presented would not represent the underlying value of the Company. Additionally, in accordance with GAAP, the Company uses the exit price notion in calculating the fair values of financial instruments not measured at fair value on a recurring basis. The recorded amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments were as follows as of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):
| March 31, 2023
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using:
| Recorded Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 142,483 |  |  | $ | 142,483 |  |  | $ | 142,483 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
CDs held for investment | 20,168 |  |  | 20,168 |  |  | 20,168 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Investment securities | 332,749 |  |  | 319,930 |  |  | 162,022 |  |  | 157,908 |  |  | — |
Investments in equity securities | 850 |  |  | 850 |  |  | 850 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
FHLB stock | 2,202 |  |  | 2,202 |  |  | 2,202 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other investments | 3,000 |  |  | 3,000 |  |  | 3,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loans held for sale | 200 |  |  | 204 |  |  | 204 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loans receivable, net | 1,210,193 |  |  | 1,171,041 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,171,041 |
Accrued interest receivable | 5,295 |  |  | 5,295 |  |  | 5,295 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit | 186,109 |  |  | 183,424 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 183,424 |
Accrued interest payable | 500 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 500 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| September 30, 2022
|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using:
| Recorded Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Financial assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 316,755 |  |  | $ | 316,755 |  |  | $ | 316,755 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
CDs held for investment | 22,894 |  |  | 22,519 |  |  | 22,519 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Investment securities | 308,023 |  |  | 291,198 |  |  | 158,578 |  |  | 132,620 |  |  | — |
Investments in equity securities | 835 |  |  | 835 |  |  | 835 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
FHLB stock | 2,194 |  |  | 2,194 |  |  | 2,194 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other investments | 3,000 |  |  | 3,000 |  |  | 3,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loans held for sale | 748 |  |  | 758 |  |  | 758 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loans receivable, net | 1,132,426 |  |  | 1,124,579 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,124,579 |
Accrued interest receivable | 4,483 |  |  | 4,483 |  |  | 4,483 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Financial liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit | 122,584 |  |  | 120,807 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 120,807 |
Accrued interest payable | 108 |  |  | 108 |  |  | 108 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123874694&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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