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Investment Securities | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2024
Investments [Abstract] |
Investment Securities | Investment Securities Held to maturity and available for sale investment securities were as follows as of September 30, 2024 and 2023 (dollars in thousands):
| Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | ACL
September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Held to Maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities | $ | 92,312 |  |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | (4,197) |  |  | $ | 88,185 |  |  | $ | — |
Mortgage-backed securities ("MBS"): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agencies | 49,481 |  |  | 174 |  |  | (1,378) |  |  | 48,277 |  |  | — |
Private label residential | 28,479 |  |  | 231 |  |  | (980) |  |  | 27,730 |  |  | 55 |
Municipal securities | 1,330 |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,338 |  |  | — |
Bank issued trust preferred securities | 495 |  |  | — |  |  | (18) |  |  | 477 |  |  | 5 |
Total | $ | 172,097 |  |  | $ | 483 |  |  | $ | (6,573) |  |  | $ | 166,007 |  |  | $ | 60 |
Available for Sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government securities | $ | 3,934 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | $ | 3,939 |  |  |
MBS: U.S. government agencies | 68,297 |  |  | 545 |  |  | (524) |  |  | 68,318 |  |  |
Total | $ | 72,231 |  |  | $ | 551 |  |  | $ | (525) |  |  | $ | 72,257 |  |  |
September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Held to Maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities | $ | 171,626 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (10,088) |  |  | $ | 161,538 |  |  |
MBS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agencies | 52,294 |  |  | — |  |  | (3,950) |  |  | 48,344 |  |  |
Private label residential | 44,011 |  |  | 295 |  |  | (2,611) |  |  | 41,695 |  |  |
Municipal securities | 1,787 |  |  | — |  |  | (47) |  |  | 1,740 |  |  |
Bank issued trust preferred securities | 500 |  |  | — |  |  | (51) |  |  | 449 |  |  |
Total | $ | 270,218 |  |  | $ | 295 |  |  | $ | (16,747) |  |  | $ | 253,766 |  |  |
Available for Sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
MBS: U.S. government agencies | $ | 43,132 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,361) |  |  | $ | 41,771 |  |  |
Total | $ | 43,132 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,361) |  |  | $ | 41,771 |  |  |
Held to maturity and available for sale investment securities with unrealized losses were as follows as of September 30, 2024 (dollars in thousands):
| Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Longer |  | Total
| Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Qty |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Qty |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
Held to Maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 78,363 |  |  | $ | (4,197) |  |  | 17 |  |  | $ | 78,363 |  |  | $ | (4,197) |
MBS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agencies | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 28,618 |  |  | (1,378) |  |  | 44 |  |  | 28,619 |  |  | (1,378) |
Private label residential | 804 |  |  | (6) |  |  | 1 |  |  | 20,447 |  |  | (974) |  |  | 19 |  |  | 21,251 |  |  | (980) |
Bank issued trust preferred securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 477 |  |  | (18) |  |  | 1 |  |  | 477 |  |  | (18) |
Total | $ | 805 |  |  | $ | (6) |  |  | 2 |  |  | $ | 127,905 |  |  | $ | (6,567) |  |  | 81 |  |  | $ | 128,710 |  |  | $ | (6,573) |
Available for Sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government securities | $ | 1,962 |  |  | $ | (1) |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,962 |  |  | $ | (1) |
MBS: U.S. government agencies | 11,368 |  |  | (117) |  |  | 4 |  |  | 25,751 |  |  | (407) |  |  | 23 |  |  | 37,119 |  |  | (524) |
Total | $ | 13,330 |  |  | $ | (118) |  |  | 5 |  | $ | 25,751 |  |  | $ | (407) |  |  | 23 |  |  | $ | 39,081 |  |  | $ | (525) |
Held to maturity and available for sale investment securities with unrealized losses were as follows as of September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
| Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Longer |  | Total
| Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Qty |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Qty |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
Held to Maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities | $ | 9,455 |  |  | $ | (129) |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 152,082 |  |  | $ | (9,959) |  |  | 26 |  |  | $ | 161,537 |  |  | $ | (10,088) |
MBS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agencies | 16,432 |  |  | (549) |  |  | 13 |  |  | 31,703 |  |  | (3,401) |  |  | 51 |  |  | 48,135 |  |  | (3,950) |
Private label residential | 1,288 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 1 |  |  | 38,205 |  |  | (2,609) |  |  | 32 |  |  | 39,493 |  |  | (2,611) |
Municipal securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,740 |  |  | (47) |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,740 |  |  | (47) |
Bank issued trust preferred securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 449 |  |  | (51) |  |  | 1 |  |  | 449 |  |  | (51) |
Total | $ | 27,175 |  |  | $ | (680) |  |  | 15 |  |  | $ | 224,179 |  |  | $ | (16,067) |  |  | 111 |  |  | $ | 251,354 |  |  | $ | (16,747) |
Available for Sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
MBS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agencies | $ | 10,635 |  |  | $ | (308) |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 30,809 |  |  | $ | (1,053) |  |  | 27 |  |  | $ | 41,444 |  |  | $ | (1,361) |
Total | $ | 10,635 |  |  | $ | (308) |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 30,809 |  |  | $ | (1,053) |  |  | 27 |  |  | $ | 41,444 |  |  | $ | (1,361) |
During the year ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded a $2,000 net realized loss on 14 held to maturity investment securities, all of which had been recognized previously as a credit loss. During the year ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a $11,000 net realized loss on 14 held to maturity investment securities, all of which had been recognized previously as a credit loss. During the year ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded a $1,000 net realized gain on 16 held to maturity investment securities, all of which had been recognized previously as a credit loss. There were no realized gains or losses on available for sale securities for the year ended September 30, 2024. During the year ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a $95,000 realized gain on sale of two available for sale investment securities. There were no realized gains or losses on available for sale investment securities for the year ended September 30, 2022. The recorded amount of investment securities pledged as collateral for public fund deposits, federal treasury tax and loan deposits and FHLB collateral totaled $208,810,000 and $201,820,000 at September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The contractual maturities of debt securities at September 30, 2024 are as follows (dollars in thousands). Expected maturities may differ from scheduled maturities due to the prepayment of principal or call provisions.
| Held to Maturity |  | Available for Sale
| Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
Due within one year | $ | 27,472 |  |  | $ | 27,262 |  |  | $ | 3,934 |  |  | $ | 3,939 |
Due after one year to five years | 81,840 |  |  | 77,870 |  |  | 2,131 |  |  | 2,130 |
Due after five years to ten years | 1,250 |  |  | 1,277 |  |  | 5,160 |  |  | 5,144 |
Due after ten years | 61,535 |  |  | 59,598 |  |  | 61,006 |  |  | 61,044 |
Total | $ | 172,097 |  |  | $ | 166,007 |  |  | $ | 72,231 |  |  | $ | 72,257 |
Credit Quality Indicators and Allowance for Credit Losses Available for Sale Investment Securities The Company assesses each available for sale investment security that is an unrealized loss position to determine whether the decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis results from a credit loss or other factors. The Company did not record an ACL on any available for sale investment securities at September 30, 2024 or upon adoption of ASU 2016-13 on October 1, 2023. As of both dates, the Company considered the unrealized losses across the classes of major security-type to be related to fluctuations in market conditions, primarily interest rates, and not reflective of a deterioration in credit value. The Company expects the fair value of these securities to recover as the securities approach their maturity dates or sooner if market yields for such securities decline. The Company does not believe that these securities are impaired because of their credit quality or related to any issuer or industry specific event. The Company has the ability and intent to hold the investments until the fair value recovers. Held to Maturity Investment Securities The Company measures expected credit losses on held to maturity investment securities, which are comprised of U.S. government agency and U.S. government mortgage-backed securities, private label mortgage-backed securities, municipal and other bonds. The Company's agency and mortgage-backed securities that are issued by U.S. government entities and agencies are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, are highly rated by major rating agencies, and have a long history of no credit losses. As such, no ACL has been established for these securities. The ACL on the private label mortgage-backed securities, municipal, and other bonds within the held to maturity securities schedule is calculated using the probability of default/loss given default ("PD/LGD") method. The calculation is completed on a quarterly basis using the default studies provided by an industry leading source. At September 30, 2024, the ACL on the held to maturity securities portfolio totaled $60,000. The following table sets forth information for the year ended September 30, 2024 regarding activity in the ACL by portfolio segment (dollars in thousands):
|  | Year Ended September 30, 2024
Held to Maturity |  | Beginning Allowance |  | Impact of Adopting CECL (ASU 2016-13) |  | Provision for (Recapture of ) Credit Losses |  | Ending Allowance
MBS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private label residential |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | (27) |  |  | $ | 55 |
Bank issued trust preferred securities |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | (5) |  |  | 5 |
Total |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | (32) |  |  | $ | 60 |
The ACL on held to maturity securities is included within investment securities held to maturity on the consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the ACL are recorded through the provision for (recapture of) credit losses on the consolidated income statements. Accrued interest receivable on held to maturity investment securities totaled $455,000 at September 30, 2024 and is included in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheet. This amount is excluded from the estimate of expected credit losses. Held to maturity investment securities are typically classified as non-accrual when the contractual payment of principal and interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about the further collectability of principal or interest. When held to maturity debt securities are placed on non-accrual status, unpaid interest credited to income is reversed. The Company had $51,000 of private label mortgage-backed held to maturity investment securities in non-accrual status at September 30, 2024. The Company monitors the credit quality of debt securities held to maturity using credit ratings from Moody's, S&P and Fitch. The Company monitors the credit ratings on a quarterly basis. The following table sets forth the Company's held to maturity investment securities at September 30, 2024 by credit quality indicator (dollars in thousands):
| Credit Ratings
As of September 30, 2024 | AAA/AA/A |  | BBB/BB/B |  | Unrated |  | Total
Held to Maturity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury and U.S. government agency securities | $ | 92,312 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 92,312 |
MBS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government agencies | 49,481 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 49,481 |
Private label securities | 16,277 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,202 |  |  | 28,479 |
Municipal securities | 1,230 |  |  | — |  |  | 100 |  |  | 1,330 |
Bank issued trust preferred securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 495 |  |  | 495 |
Total held to maturity | $ | 159,300 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,797 |  |  | $ | 172,097 |
Prior to adopting ASU 2016-13, the Company bifurcated OTTI into (1) amounts related to credit losses which are recognized through earnings and (2) amounts related to all other factors which are recognized as a component of other comprehensive income (loss). To determine the component of the gross OTTI related to credit losses, the Company compared the amortized cost basis of the OTTI security to the present value of its revised expected cash flows, discounted using its pre-impairment yield. The revised expected cash flow estimates for individual securities are based primarily on an analysis of the default rates, prepayment speeds and third-party analytic reports. Significant judgment by management was required in this analysis that included, but not limited to, assumptions regarding the collectability of principal and interest, net of related expenses, on the underlying loan. The amounts written off due to credit loss remain and continue to be recovered on a cash basis. The following table represents a roll forward of the credit loss component of held to maturity investment securities that have been written down for OTTI with the credit loss component recognized in earning for the years ended September 30, 2024, 2023 and 2022 (dollars in thousands):
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 816 |  |  | $ | 836 |  |  | $ | 853 |
Subtractions: |  |  |  |  |
Net realized gain (losses) previously recorded as credit losses | (2) |  |  | (11) |  |  | 1 |
Recovery of prior credit loss | (11) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (18) |
Balance, end of year | $ | 803 |  |  | $ | 816 |  |  | $ | 836 |

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