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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2022
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File Number: 001-13992
RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Texas |  | 76-0458229
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

10737 Cutten Road
Houston, Texas 77066
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(281) 397-6730
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.01 par value |  | RICK |  | The Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company o Emerging growth company o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
As of February 6, 2023, 9,230,225 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.

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NOTE ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include, among other things, statements regarding plans, objectives, goals, strategies, future events or performance and underlying assumptions and other statements, which are other than statements of historical facts. Forward-looking statements may appear throughout this report, including, without limitation, the following sections: Part I, Item 2 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “predicts,” “projects,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties, which could cause our actual results to differ materially from those reflected in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and those discussed in other documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Important factors that in our view could cause material adverse effects on our financial condition and results of operations include, but are not limited to, the risks and uncertainties associated with (i) operating and managing an adult business, (ii) the business climates in cities where it operates, (iii) the success or lack thereof in launching and building the company’s businesses, (iv) cyber security, (v) conditions relevant to real estate transactions, (vi) the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and (vii) numerous other factors such as laws governing the operation of adult entertainment businesses, competition and dependence on key personnel. We undertake no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to any forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Given these risks and uncertainties, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements.
As used herein, the “Company,” “we,” “our,” and similar terms include RCI Hospitality Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.
2

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RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022 (unaudited) and September 30, 202 2 | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited) for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 | 6
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (unaudited) for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 | 7
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) for the thre e months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 | 8
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) | 10
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 23
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 34
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 34
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 35
Item1A. | Risk Factors | 35
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 35
Item 6. | Exhibits | 36
| Signatures | 37

3

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PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
4

Table of Contents
RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except par value and number of shares)

| December 31, 2022 |  | September 30, 2022
| (unaudited) |  |
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 34,108 |  |  | $ | 35,980 |
Accounts receivable, net | 6,016 |  |  | 8,510 |
Current portion of notes receivable | 235 |  |  | 230 |
Inventories | 4,051 |  |  | 3,893 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 8,611 |  |  | 1,499 |
Assets held for sale | — |  |  | 1,049 |
Total current assets | 53,021 |  |  | 51,161 |
Property and equipment, net | 246,536 |  |  | 224,615 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | 36,329 |  |  | 37,048 |
Notes receivable, net of current portion | 4,631 |  |  | 4,691 |
Goodwill | 70,189 |  |  | 67,767 |
Intangibles, net | 143,949 |  |  | 144,049 |
Other assets | 1,503 |  |  | 1,407 |
Total assets | $ | 556,158 |  |  | $ | 530,738 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 5,182 |  |  | $ | 5,482 |
Accrued liabilities | 18,864 |  |  | 11,328 |
Current portion of debt obligations, net | 13,291 |  |  | 11,896 |
Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 2,850 |  |  | 2,795 |
Total current liabilities | 40,187 |  |  | 31,501 |
Deferred tax liability, net | 30,562 |  |  | 30,562 |
Debt, net of current portion and debt discount and issuance costs | 197,943 |  |  | 190,567 |
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion | 35,270 |  |  | 36,001 |
Other long-term liabilities | 386 |  |  | 349 |
Total liabilities | 304,348 |  |  | 288,980 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10) |  |  |
Equity |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.10 par value per share; 1,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share; 20,000,000 shares authorized; 9,230,225 and 9,231,725 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, respectively | 92 |  |  | 92 |
Additional paid-in capital | 68,070 |  |  | 67,227 |
Retained earnings | 183,726 |  |  | 173,950 |
Total RCIHH stockholders’ equity | 251,888 |  |  | 241,269 |
Noncontrolling interests | (78) |  |  | 489 |
Total equity | 251,810 |  |  | 241,758 |
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 556,158 |  |  | $ | 530,738 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in thousands, except per share and number of share data)
(unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Revenues |  |  |
Sales of alcoholic beverages | $ | 29,650 |  |  | $ | 26,431 |
Sales of food and merchandise | 10,347 |  |  | 10,894 |
Service revenues | 25,563 |  |  | 20,876 |
Other | 4,408 |  |  | 3,635 |
Total revenues | 69,968 |  |  | 61,836 |
Operating expenses |  |  |
Cost of goods sold |  |  |
Alcoholic beverages sold | 5,374 |  |  | 4,834 |
Food and merchandise sold | 3,586 |  |  | 3,957 |
Service and other | 49 |  |  | 100 |
Total cost of goods sold (exclusive of items shown separately below) | 9,009 |  |  | 8,891 |
Salaries and wages | 18,676 |  |  | 16,505 |
Selling, general and administrative | 22,732 |  |  | 18,486 |
Depreciation and amortization | 3,307 |  |  | 2,194 |
Other gains, net | (654) |  |  | (151) |
Total operating expenses | 53,070 |  |  | 45,925 |
Income from operations | 16,898 |  |  | 15,911 |
Other income (expenses) |  |  |
Interest expense | (3,687) |  |  | (2,604) |
Interest income | 91 |  |  | 106 |
Non-operating gains, net | — |  |  | 84 |
Income before income taxes | 13,302 |  |  | 13,497 |
Income tax expense | 3,031 |  |  | 2,933 |
Net income | 10,271 |  |  | 10,564 |
Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests | (33) |  |  | 11 |
Net income attributable to RCIHH common shareholders | $ | 10,238 |  |  | $ | 10,575 |
Earnings per share |  |  |
Basic and diluted | $ | 1.11 |  |  | $ | 1.12 |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding |  |  |
Basic and diluted | 9,230,258 |  |  | 9,407,519 |
Dividends per share | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 0.04 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(in thousands, except number of shares)
(unaudited)

| Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Treasury Stock |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Equity
| Number of Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  | Number of Shares |  | Amount |  |
Balance at September 30, 2022 | 9,231,725 |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 67,227 |  |  | $ | 173,950 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 489 |  |  | $ | 241,758 |
Purchase of treasury shares | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,500) |  |  | (98) |  |  | — |  |  | (98) |
Canceled treasury shares | (1,500) |  |  | — |  |  | (98) |  |  | — |  |  | 1,500 |  |  | 98 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Payment of dividends | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (462) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (462) |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 941 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 941 |
Share in return of investment by noncontrolling partner | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (600) |  |  | (600) |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,238 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33 |  |  | 10,271 |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | 9,230,225 |  |  | $ | 92 |  |  | $ | 68,070 |  |  | $ | 183,726 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (78) |  |  | $ | 251,810 |
Balance at September 30, 2021 | 8,999,910 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | 50,040 |  |  | $ | 129,693 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (600) |  |  | $ | 179,223 |
Issuance of common shares for business combination | 500,000 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 30,357 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30,362 |
Payment of dividends | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (380) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (380) |
Net income (loss) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,575 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11) |  |  | 10,564 |
Balance at December 31, 2021 | 9,499,910 |  |  | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 80,397 |  |  | $ | 139,888 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (611) |  |  | $ | 219,769 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands, except number of shares)
(unaudited)

| For the Three Months Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net income | $ | 10,271 |  |  | $ | 10,564 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 3,307 |  |  | 2,194 |
Stock-based compensation | 941 |  |  | — |
Gain on sale of businesses and assets | (686) |  |  | (523) |
Unrealized loss on equity securities | — |  |  | 1 |
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs | 144 |  |  | 51 |
Gain on debt extinguishment | — |  |  | (83) |
Noncash lease expense | 719 |  |  | 629 |
Gain on insurance | (64) |  |  | — |
Doubtful accounts expense on notes receivable | — |  |  | 17 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | 1,447 |  |  | 1,344 |
Inventories | (94) |  |  | (445) |
Prepaid expenses, other current and other assets | (7,208) |  |  | (6,519) |
Accounts payable, accrued and other liabilities | 6,118 |  |  | 9,034 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 14,895 |  |  | 16,264 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Proceeds from sale of businesses and assets | 2,784 |  |  | 803 |
Proceeds from insurance | 64 |  |  | 185 |
Proceeds from notes receivable | 55 |  |  | 34 |
Payments for property and equipment and intangible assets | (12,553) |  |  | (9,850) |
Acquisition of businesses, net of cash acquired | (4,000) |  |  | (39,302) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (13,650) |  |  | (48,130) |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Proceeds from debt obligations, including related party proceeds of $0 and $650, respectively | 1,500 |  |  | 17,002 |
Payments on debt obligations | (3,361) |  |  | (2,488) |
Purchase of treasury stock | (98) |  |  | — |
Payment of dividends | (462) |  |  | (380) |
Payment of loan origination costs | (96) |  |  | — |
Share in return of investment by noncontrolling partner | (600) |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (3,117) |  |  | 14,134 |
NET DECREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | (1,872) |  |  | (17,732) |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD | 35,980 |  |  | 35,686 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD | $ | 34,108 |  |  | $ | 17,954 |
CASH PAID DURING PERIOD FOR: |  |  |
Interest | $ | 3,490 |  |  | $ | 2,330 |
Income taxes | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3 |

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Noncash investing and financing transactions: |  |  |
Debt incurred in connection with acquisition of businesses | $ | 5,000 |  |  | $ | 22,200 |
Debt incurred in connection with purchase of property and equipment | $ | 5,584 |  |  | $ | — |
Note receivable from sale of property | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,700 |
Issuance of shares of common stock for acquisition of businesses: |  |  |
Number of shares | — |  |  | 500,000 |
Fair value | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30,362 |
Adjustment to operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities related to new and renewed leases | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,243 |
Unpaid liabilities on capital expenditures | $ | 1,985 |  |  | $ | 626 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of RCI Hospitality Holdings, Inc. (the “Company,” “RCIHH,” “we,” or “us”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP” or “U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q of Regulation S-X. They do not include all information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. The September 30, 2022 consolidated balance sheet data were derived from audited financial statements but do not include all disclosures required by GAAP. However, except as disclosed herein, there has been no material change in the information disclosed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year ended September 30, 2022 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 14, 2022. The interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with those consolidated financial statements included in the Form 10-K. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair statement of the financial statements, consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments, have been made. Operating results for the three months ended December 31, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending September 30, 2023.
2. Recent Accounting Standards and Pronouncements
In October 2021, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers. This ASU amends ASC 805 to require acquiring entities to apply ASC 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities in business combinations. The ASU is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We are still evaluating the impact of this ASU but we do not expect it to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions. The amendments of this ASU clarify that an entity should measure the fair value of an equity security subject to contractual sale restriction the same way it measures an identical equity security that is not subject to such a restriction. The FASB said the contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security and, therefore, should not affect its fair value. The ASU is effective for public entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We are still evaluating the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements.
3. Current Operating Environment
Our fiscal 2020 was the period hardest hit by the COVID-19 pandemic caused by significant reduction in customer traffic in our clubs and restaurants due to changes in consumer behavior as social distancing practices, dining room closures and other restrictions were mandated or encouraged by federal, state and local governments. In fiscal 2021, our businesses started to recover from the initial effects of the pandemic when government restrictions eased. Stimulus money also flowed to the economy at that time which prompted increased discretionary spending. In fiscal 2022, several coronavirus variants threatened to bring back tight restrictions. Along with the pandemic, geopolitical and macroeconomic events started to affect the U.S. economy in general, with global inflation and supply chain disruption impacting our businesses the most.
Geopolitical and macroeconomic events are still developing. In the event global inflation leads to a major economic downturn, our business operations and cash flow could be significantly affected.
4. Acquisitions and Dispositions
Lubbock Property
On October 10, 2022, the Company purchased real estate in Lubbock, Texas amounting to $3.4 million for a future Bombshells location. The Company paid $1.1 million in cash at closing and entered into a bank financing for the $2.3 million remainder (see Note 7). The site includes extra land that will be listed for sale once the Bombshells unit is completed.
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RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Non-Income-Producing Properties
•On October 11, 2022, the Company purchased a hangar in Arcola, Texas amounting to $754,000 in cash.
•On February 6, 2023, in view of the increasing business presence of the Company in the Denver, Colorado area, the Company acquired a non-income-producing corporate property for $458,000 in cash.
Heartbreakers Gentlemen's Club
On October 26, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of a club in Dickinson, Texas for a total acquisition price of $9.0 million. The acquisition includes (1) $2.5 million for the adult entertainment business covered in a stock purchase agreement paid fully in cash at closing and (2) $6.5 million for the real estate property covered in a real estate purchase agreement paid $1.5 million in cash at closing and $5.0 million under a 6% 15-year promissory note (see Note 7). In the stock purchase agreement, the Company acquired 100% of the capital stock of the company which owned the adult entertainment business. The acquisition gives the Company its first adult club in the Galveston, Texas area market. As of the filing of this report, we have not completed our valuation analysis and related calculations in sufficient detail necessary to arrive at the fair values of the net assets acquired and the debt consideration, but we have preliminarily allocated the acquisition price $64,000 to current assets, $6.5 million to property and equipment, and $2.4 million to goodwill based on the negotiated purchase price. We believe that in this acquisition goodwill represents the existing customer base of the club in the area and the added synergy profitability expansion when we implement the Company's processes into the club. Since we do not have yet the fair value for the assets for the taxable portion of the business combination, we have not yet determined the amount of tax-deductible goodwill.
In connection with the acquisition, we incurred approximately $23,000 in acquisition-related expenses, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our unaudited condensed consolidated statement of income. From the date of acquisition until December 31, 2022, the club contributed revenue of $347,000 and income from operations of $57,000, which are included in our unaudited condensed consolidated statement of income. The seller has not maintained historical U.S. GAAP financial data and it is impracticable to prepare them, therefore, we could not provide supplemental pro forma information of the combined entities.
Aurora CO Property
On November 8, 2022, the Company purchased real estate in Aurora, Colorado amounting to $850,000 in cash for a future Bombshells location.
Central City CO Casino Property 1
On December 5, 2022, the Company purchased real estate in Central City, Colorado amounting to $2.4 million in cash for the development of a Rick's Cabaret Steakhouse and Casino business.
Baby Dolls-Chicas Locas
On December 12, 2022, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries entered into definitive agreements to acquire five gentlemen's clubs, five related real estate properties, associated intellectual properties, and certain automated teller machines for a total purchase price of $66.5 million, payable with a total of $25.0 million in cash, a total of $25.5 million in seller financing, and 200,000 restricted shares of common stock based on an $80 per share price, subject to lock-up, leak out restrictions. The five clubs, which are all located in Texas, are being purchased through four different asset purchase agreements and one stock purchase agreement, under which a newly formed wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company will acquire from each club-owning entity all of the tangible and intangible assets and personal property used in the business of that club, except for certain excluded assets. The transactions contemplated by these agreements have not yet closed as of the filing of this report. Closing is subject to certain closing conditions.
Mark IV Property
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RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
On December 16, 2022, the Company purchased real estate in Fort Worth, Texas amounting to $2.4 million in cash. The property has two buildings, one of which the Company is leasing out to an existing tenant and the other building the Company is remodeling for future adult club operations.
Grange Food Hall
On December 20, 2022, the Company purchased a food hall property in Greenwood Village, Colorado for $5.3 million, including direct transaction costs and net of certain accrued taxes amounting to $102,000. The purchase price was paid $1.9 million in cash at closing and $3.325 million under a 6.67% five-year promissory note (see Note 7). The Company allocated $2.1 million to land, $2.6 million to building improvements, $98,000 to furniture, fixtures and equipment, and $565,000 to in-place leases based on their relative fair values.
Tomball Parkway Property Sale
On December 28, 2022, the Company sold a property classified as held-for-sale with a carrying value of $1.0 million for $1.7 million in cash. The Company used $1.2 million of the proceeds to pay off a loan related to the property.
Central City CO Casino Property 2
On February 6, 2023, the Company purchased real estate in Central City, Colorado amounting to $2.2 million in cash for the development of another casino and restaurant business.
BMB San Antonio
On February 7, 2023, the Company completed the acquisition of a previously franchised Bombshells location in San Antonio, Texas for a total acquisition price of $3.2 million. The transaction was effected through a membership interest purchase agreement under which a subsidiary of the Company purchased 100% of the issued and outstanding membership interests of the target limited liability company that owns and operates the Bombshells location from the six previous owners of the entity (the "Sellers"). At acquisition date, the Sellers were paid $1.2 million in cash and were issued six seller-financed promissory notes totaling $2.0 million (see Note 7). Due to the proximity of the acquisition date to the filing date of this report, we have not completed our valuation analysis and related calculations to arrive at the fair values of the net assets acquired, any liabilities assumed, and the debt consideration, along with the determination of any goodwill or gain on the transaction. The Company is not providing supplemental pro forma disclosures to this acquisition as it does not materially contribute to the consolidated operations of the Company.
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RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
5. Revenues
Revenues, as disaggregated by revenue type, timing of recognition, and reportable segment (see also Note 11), are shown below (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended December 31, 2022 |  | Three Months Ended December 31, 2021
| Nightclubs |  | Bombshells |  | Other |  | Total |  | Nightclubs |  | Bombshells |  | Other |  | Total
Sales of alcoholic beverages | $ | 22,098 |  |  | $ | 7,552 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 29,650 |  |  | $ | 18,167 |  |  | $ | 8,264 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 26,431 |
Sales of food and merchandise | 4,594 |  |  | 5,753 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,347 |  |  | 4,589 |  |  | 6,305 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,894 |
Service revenues | 25,533 |  |  | 30 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,563 |  |  | 20,684 |  |  | 192 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,876 |
Other revenues | 4,100 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 212 |  |  | 4,408 |  |  | 3,341 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 284 |  |  | 3,635 |
| $ | 56,325 |  |  | $ | 13,431 |  |  | $ | 212 |  |  | $ | 69,968 |  |  | $ | 46,781 |  |  | $ | 14,771 |  |  | $ | 284 |  |  | $ | 61,836 |
Recognized at a point in time | $ | 55,918 |  |  | $ | 13,428 |  |  | $ | 211 |  |  | $ | 69,557 |  |  | $ | 46,344 |  |  | $ | 14,770 |  |  | $ | 283 |  |  | $ | 61,397 |
Recognized over time | 407 |  | * | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 411 |  |  | 437 |  | * | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 439 |
| $ | 56,325 |  |  | $ | 13,431 |  |  | $ | 212 |  |  | $ | 69,968 |  |  | $ | 46,781 |  |  | $ | 14,771 |  |  | $ | 284 |  |  | $ | 61,836 |

* Lease revenue (included in Other Revenues) as covered by ASC 842. All other revenues are covered by ASC 606.
The Company does not have contract assets with customers. The Company’s unconditional right to consideration for goods and services transferred to the customer is included in accounts receivable, net in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. A reconciliation of contract liabilities with customers is presented below (in thousands):

| Balance at September 30, 2022 |  | Consideration Received |  | Recognized in Revenue |  | Balance at December 31, 2022
Ad revenue | $ | 82 |  |  | $ | 161 |  |  | $ | (126) |  |  | $ | 117 |
Expo revenue | 8 |  |  | 321 |  |  | — |  |  | 329 |
Franchise fees | 115 |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | 112 |
Other | 29 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (29) |  |  | 4 |
| $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 486 |  |  | $ | (158) |  |  | $ | 562 |

Contract liabilities with customers are included in accrued liabilities as unearned revenues in our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets (see also Note 6), while the revenues associated with these contract liabilities are included in other revenues in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income.
6. Selected Account Information
The components of accounts receivable, net are as follows (in thousands):

| December 31, 2022 |  | September 30, 2022
Credit card receivables | $ | 3,229 |  |  | $ | 2,687 |
Income tax refundable | — |  |  | 2,979 |
ATM in-transit | 1,310 |  |  | 819 |
Other (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $55 and $30, respectively) | 1,477 |  |  | 2,025 |
Total accounts receivable, net | $ | 6,016 |  |  | $ | 8,510 |

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RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Notes receivable consist primarily of secured promissory notes executed between the Company and various buyers of our businesses and assets with interest rates ranging from 6% to 9% per annum and having original terms ranging from 1 to 20 years.
The components of prepaid expenses and other current assets are as follows (in thousands):

| December 31, 2022 |  | September 30, 2022
Prepaid insurance | $ | 7,301 |  |  | $ | 191 |
Prepaid legal | 46 |  |  | 61 |
Prepaid taxes and licenses | 171 |  |  | 391 |
Prepaid rent | 222 |  |  | 296 |
Other | 871 |  |  | 560 |
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | 8,611 |  |  | $ | 1,499 |

A reconciliation of goodwill as of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, which is substantially all in Nightclubs segment, is as follows (in thousands):

| Gross |  | Accumulated Impairment |  | Net
Balance at September 30, 2022 | $ | 88,921 |  |  | $ | 21,154 |  |  | $ | 67,767 |
Acquisitions (see Note 4) | 2,422 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,422 |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | $ | 91,343 |  |  | $ | 21,154 |  |  | $ | 70,189 |

The components of intangible assets, net are as follows (in thousands):

| December 31, 2022 |  | September 30, 2022
Indefinite-lived: |  |  |
Licenses | $ | 103,972 |  |  | $ | 103,972 |
Trademarks | 13,119 |  |  | 13,119 |
Domain names | 23 |  |  | 23 |
Definite-lived: |  |  |
Licenses | 25,371 |  |  | 25,962 |
Leases acquired in-place | 664 |  |  | 117 |
Noncompete agreements | 40 |  |  | 55 |
Discounted leases | 76 |  |  | 78 |
Software | 684 |  |  | 723 |
Total intangible assets, net | $ | 143,949 |  |  | $ | 144,049 |

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RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
The components of accrued liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

| December 31, 2022 |  | September 30, 2022
Insurance | $ | 7,050 |  |  | $ | 30 |
Sales and liquor taxes | 2,095 |  |  | 2,227 |
Payroll and related costs | 3,520 |  |  | 3,186 |
Property taxes | 2,876 |  |  | 2,618 |
Interest | 552 |  |  | 499 |
Patron tax | 517 |  |  | 467 |
Unearned revenues | 562 |  |  | 234 |
Income taxes | 99 |  |  | — |
Lawsuit settlement | 115 |  |  | 246 |
Other | 1,478 |  |  | 1,821 |
Total accrued liabilities | $ | 18,864 |  |  | $ | 11,328 |

The components of selling, general and administrative expenses are as follows (in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Taxes and permits | $ | 2,684 |  |  | $ | 2,236 |
Advertising and marketing | 2,670 |  |  | 2,383 |
Supplies and services | 2,424 |  |  | 1,980 |
Insurance | 2,582 |  |  | 2,395 |
Legal | 985 |  |  | 1,060 |
Lease | 1,762 |  |  | 1,640 |
Charge card fees | 1,897 |  |  | 1,331 |
Utilities | 1,271 |  |  | 935 |
Security | 1,164 |  |  | 1,087 |
Stock-based compensation | 941 |  |  | — |
Accounting and professional fees | 1,518 |  |  | 1,346 |
Repairs and maintenance | 1,164 |  |  | 725 |
Other | 1,670 |  |  | 1,368 |
Total selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 22,732 |  |  | $ | 18,486 |

The components of other gains, net are as follows (in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Gain on disposal of businesses and assets | (590) |  |  | (342) |
Settlement of lawsuits | — |  |  | 192 |
Gain on insurance | (64) |  |  | (1) |
Other gains, net | $ | (654) |  |  | $ | (151) |

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RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
7. Debt
On October 10, 2022, in relation to a real estate purchase (see Note 4), the Company borrowed $2.3 million from a bank lender. The 18-month promissory note bears an initial interest rate of 6% per annum to be adjusted daily to a rate equal to the Wall Street Journal prime rate plus 0.5% with a floor of 6%. The promissory note is payable in 17 monthly interest-only installments with the full principal and accrued interest payable at maturity. The Company paid approximately $26,000 in debt issuance cost at closing. This promissory note is secured by the purchased real estate property.
On October 26, 2022, in relation to a club acquisition (see Note 4), the Company executed a promissory note for $5.0 million with the seller. The 6% 15-year promissory note is payable in 180 equal monthly payments of $42,193 in principal and interest. This promissory note is secured by the purchased real estate property.
On November 18, 2022, in relation to a real estate purchase on September 12, 2022, the Company borrowed $1.5 million from a bank lender. The 18-month promissory note bears an initial interest rate of 6% per annum to be adjusted daily to a rate equal to the Wall Street Journal prime rate plus 0.5% with a floor of 6%. The promissory note is payable in 17 monthly interest-only installments with the full principal and accrued interest payable at maturity. This promissory note is secured by the purchased real estate property.
On December 20, 2022, the Company executed a promissory note for $3.325 million with a bank lender in relation to a purchase of a food hall property (see Note 4). The 6.67% five-year promissory note is payable in 59 equal monthly installments of $22,805 in principal and interest, with the balance of principal and accrued interest payable at maturity. There are certain financial covenants with which the Company is to be in compliance related to this loan.
Future maturities of long-term debt as of December 31, 2022 are as follows: $13.9 million, $29.4 million, $14.7 million, $10.3 million, $13.9 million and $132.5 million for the twelve months ending December 31, 2023, 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, and thereafter, respectively. Of the maturity schedule mentioned above, $4.4 million, $19.4 million, $4.8 million, $0, $3.0 million and $75.0 million, respectively, relate to scheduled balloon payments. Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs amounted to $3.3 million and $3.4 million as of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, respectively.
On February 7, 2023, in relation to the acquisition of a franchised Bombshells location in San Antonio, Texas (see Note 4), the Company entered into six separate seller-financing promissory notes totaling $2.0 million. Each of the promissory notes has an interest rate of 7% per annum, has a term of 24 months, and is payable in monthly installments totaling $39,602 of principal and interest for the first 23 months based on a 60-month amortization schedule with the remaining unpaid principal and interest paid at maturity.
8. Stock-based Compensation
On February 7, 2022, our board of directors approved the 2022 Stock Option Plan (the “2022 Plan”). The board’s adoption of the 2022 Plan was approved by the shareholders during the annual stockholders' meeting on August 23, 2022. The 2022 Plan provides that the maximum aggregate number of shares of common stock underlying options that may be granted under the 2022 Plan is 300,000. The options granted under the 2022 Plan may be either incentive stock options or non-qualified options. The 2022 Plan is administered by the compensation committee of the board of directors. The compensation committee has the exclusive power to select individuals to receive grants, to establish the terms of the options granted to each participant, provided that all options granted shall be granted at an exercise price not less than the fair market value of the common stock covered by the option on the grant date, and to make all determinations necessary or advisable under the 2022 Plan. On February 9, 2022, the board of directors approved a grant of 50,000 stock options each to six members of management subject to the approval of the 2022 Plan.
Stock-based compensation for the three months ended December 31, 2022, which is included in corporate segment selling, general and administrative expenses, amounted to $941,000. As of December 31, 2022, we had unrecognized compensation cost amounting to $6.1 million related to stock-based compensation awards granted, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.1 years.
The February 9, 2022 stock options vest over four years with the first 20% having vested on the approval of the 2022 Plan at the 2022 annual stockholders' meeting on August 23, 2022, and 20% vesting on February 9 of each year thereafter,
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RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
provided however that the options will be subject to earlier vesting under certain events set forth in the Plan, including without limitation a change in control. All of the options will expire, if not vested, at the end of five years. The weighted average grant-date fair value of the stock options was $31.37. No stock options were exercised during the three months ended December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, 60,000 stock options were vested and exercisable.
For the three months ended December 31, 2022, we excluded 60,000 stock options from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their effect was anti-dilutive. There were no stock options outstanding during the three months ended December 31, 2021. Aside from the outstanding stock options, there were no other potentially dilutive securities for inclusion in the calculation of diluted earnings per share.
9. Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $3.0 million and $2.9 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The effective income tax expense rate was 22.8% and 21.7% for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Our effective income tax rate is affected by state taxes, permanent differences, and tax credits, including the FICA tip credit, for both years, as presented below.

| For the Three Months Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Federal statutory income tax expense | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit | 4.0 | % |  | 2.9 | %
Permanent differences | 0.5 | % |  | 0.4 | %
Tax credits | (2.8) | % |  | (2.0) | %
Other | 0.1 | % |  | (0.6) | %
Total income tax expense | 22.8 | % |  | 21.7 | %

The Company or one of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, and various states. Fiscal year ended September 30, 2019 and subsequent years remain open to federal tax examination. The Company ordinarily goes through various federal and state reviews and examinations for various tax matters.
10. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Matters
Texas Patron Tax
A declaratory judgment action was brought by five operating subsidiaries of the Company to challenge a Texas Comptroller administrative rule related to the $5 per customer Patron Tax Fee assessed against Sexually Oriented Businesses. An administrative rule attempted to expand the fee to cover venues featuring dancers using latex cover as well as traditional nude entertainment. The administrative rule was challenged on both constitutional and statutory grounds. On November 19, 2018, the Court issued an order that a key aspect of the administrative rule is invalid based on it exceeding the scope of the Comptroller’s authority. On March 6, 2020, the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas, Austin Division, ruled that the Texas Patron Tax is unconstitutional as it has been applied and enforced by the Comptroller. The State of Texas appealed to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, who affirmed that the Texas Patron Fee is unconstitutional as applied. The State of Texas next sought review from the Supreme Court, but the high court declined to take the case. That lawsuit is now back before the trial court for post-trial proceedings but is final for purposes of determining the Texas Patron Fee is unconstitutional as applied to clubs featuring dancers using latex cover.
Indemnity Insurance Corporation
As previously reported, the Company and its subsidiaries were insured under a liability policy issued by Indemnity Insurance Corporation, RRG (“IIC”) through October 25, 2013. The Company and its subsidiaries changed insurance companies on that date.
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RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
On November 7, 2013, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware entered a Rehabilitation and Injunction Order (“Rehabilitation Order”), which declared IIC impaired, insolvent and in an unsafe condition and placed IIC under the supervision of the Insurance Commissioner of the State of Delaware (“Commissioner”) in her capacity as receiver (“Receiver”). The Rehabilitation Order empowered the Commissioner to rehabilitate IIC through a variety of means, including gathering assets and marshaling those assets as necessary. Further, the order stayed or abated pending lawsuits involving IIC as the insurer until May 6, 2014.
On April 10, 2014, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware entered a Liquidation and Injunction Order With Bar Date (“Liquidation Order”), which ordered the liquidation of IIC and terminated all insurance policies or contracts of insurance issued by IIC. The Liquidation Order further ordered that all claims against IIC must have been filed with the Receiver before the close of business on January 16, 2015 and that all pending lawsuits involving IIC as the insurer were further stayed or abated until October 7, 2014. As a result, the Company and its subsidiaries no longer had insurance coverage under the liability policy with IIC. The Company has retained counsel to defend against and evaluate these claims and lawsuits. We are funding 100% of the costs of litigation and will seek reimbursement from the bankruptcy receiver. The Company filed the appropriate claims against IIC with the Receiver before the January 16, 2015 deadline and has provided updates as requested; however, there are no assurances of any recovery from these claims. It is unknown at this time what effect this uncertainty will have on the Company. As previously stated, since October 25, 2013, the Company has obtained general liability coverage from other insurers, which have covered and/or will cover any claims arising from actions after that date. As of December 31, 2022, we have 1 remaining unresolved claim out of the original 71 claims.
Shareholder Derivative Action
On January 21, 2022, Shiva Stein and Kevin McCarty filed a shareholder derivative action in the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division against former director Nourdean Anakar, Yura Barabash, former director Steven L. Jenkins, Eric Langan, Luke Lirot, former CFO Phillip K. Marshall, Elaine J. Martin, Allan Priaulx, and Travis Reese as defendants, as well as against RCI Hospitality Holdings, Inc. as nominal defendant. The action, styled Stein v. Anakar, et al., No. 4:22-mc-00149 (S.D. Tex.), alleges claims for breach of fiduciary duty based on alleged dissemination of inaccurate information, alleged failure to maintain internal controls, and alleged failure to properly manage company property. This action is in its preliminary phase, and a potential loss cannot yet be estimated. These allegations are substantively similar to claims asserted in the class action and a prior derivative action that was dismissed in June of 2021. RCI intends to vigorously defend against the action. On April 2, 2022, the Company and its current and former officers and directors named in the shareholder derivative complaint filed their Motions to Dismiss and the derivative plaintiffs have responded. The Motions now have been fully briefed for the Court's consideration.
Other
On June 23, 2014, Mark H. Dupray and Ashlee Dupray filed a lawsuit against Pedro Antonio Panameno and our subsidiary JAI Dining Services (Phoenix) Inc. (“JAI Phoenix”) in the Superior Court of Arizona for Maricopa County. The suit alleged that Mr. Panameno injured Mr. Dupray in a traffic accident after being served alcohol at an establishment operated by JAI Phoenix. The suit alleged that JAI Phoenix was liable under theories of common law dram shop negligence and dram shop negligence per se. After a jury trial proceeded to a verdict in favor of the plaintiffs against both defendants, in April 2017 the Court entered a judgment under which JAI Phoenix’s share of compensatory damages is approximately $1.4 million and its share of punitive damages is $4 million. In May 2017, JAI Phoenix filed a motion for judgment as a matter of law or, in the alternative, motion for new trial. The Court denied this motion in August 2017. In September 2017, JAI Phoenix filed a notice of appeal. In June 2018, the matter was heard by the Arizona Court of Appeals. On November 15, 2018 the Court of Appeals vacated the jury’s verdict and remanded the case to the trial court. It is anticipated that a new trial will occur at some point in the future. JAI Phoenix will continue to vigorously defend itself.
As set forth in the risk factors as disclosed in this report, the adult entertainment industry standard is to classify adult entertainers as independent contractors, not employees. While we take steps to ensure that our adult entertainers are deemed independent contractors, from time to time, we are named in lawsuits related to the alleged misclassification of entertainers. Claims are brought under both federal and where applicable, state law. Based on the industry standard, the manner in which the independent contractor entertainers are treated at the clubs, and the entertainer license agreements governing the entertainer’s work at the clubs, the Company believes that these lawsuits are without merit. Lawsuits are handled by attorneys with an expertise in the relevant law and are defended vigorously.
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RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
General
In the regular course of business affairs and operations, we are subject to possible loss contingencies arising from third-party litigation and federal, state, and local environmental, labor, health and safety laws and regulations. We assess the probability that we could incur liability in connection with certain of these lawsuits. Our assessments are made in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, as codified in ASC 450-20, and is not an admission of any liability on the part of the Company or any of its subsidiaries. In certain cases that are in the early stages and in light of the uncertainties surrounding them, we do not currently possess sufficient information to determine a range of reasonably possible liability. In matters where there is insurance coverage, in the event we incur any liability, we believe it is unlikely we would incur losses in connection with these claims in excess of our insurance coverage.
Settlements of lawsuits for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 amount to approximately $0 and $192,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, the Company has accrued $115,000 and $246,000 in accrued liabilities, respectively, related to settlement of lawsuits.
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RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
11. Segment Information
The Company owns and operates adult nightclubs and Bombshells Restaurants and Bars. The Company has identified such segments based on management responsibility and the nature of the Company’s products, services and costs. There are no major distinctions in geographical areas served as all operations are in the United States. The Company measures segment profit (loss) as income (loss) from operations. Segment assets are those assets controlled by each reportable segment. The Other category below includes our media and energy drink divisions that are not significant to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Below is the financial information related to the Company’s segments (in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Revenues (from external customers) |  |  |
Nightclubs | $ | 56,325 |  |  | $ | 46,781 |
Bombshells | 13,431 |  |  | 14,771 |
Other | 212 |  |  | 284 |
| $ | 69,968 |  |  | $ | 61,836 |
Income (loss) from operations |  |  |
Nightclubs | $ | 22,740 |  |  | $ | 18,736 |
Bombshells | 1,847 |  |  | 2,802 |
Other | (185) |  |  | (43) |
Corporate | (7,504) |  |  | (5,584) |
| $ | 16,898 |  |  | $ | 15,911 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |
Nightclubs | $ | 2,485 |  |  | $ | 1,547 |
Bombshells | 458 |  |  | 429 |
Other | 63 |  |  | 6 |
Corporate | 301 |  |  | 212 |
| $ | 3,307 |  |  | $ | 2,194 |
Capital expenditures |  |  |
Nightclubs | $ | 4,144 |  |  | $ | 9,228 |
Bombshells | 8,319 |  |  | 304 |
Other | 37 |  |  | 189 |
Corporate | 53 |  |  | 129 |
| $ | 12,553 |  |  | $ | 9,850 |

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RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)

| December 31, 2022 |  | September 30, 2022
Total assets |  |  |
Nightclubs | $ | 444,362 |  |  | $ | 428,104 |
Bombshells | 65,584 |  |  | 62,021 |
Other | 2,758 |  |  | 2,635 |
Corporate | 43,454 |  |  | 37,978 |
| $ | 556,158 |  |  | $ | 530,738 |

Excluded from revenues in the table above are intercompany rental revenues of the Nightclubs and Corporate segments for the three months ended December 31, 2022 amounting to $3.7 million and $231,000, respectively, and intercompany sales of Robust Energy Drink included in Other segment amounting to $37,000. Excluded from revenues in the table above are intercompany rental revenues of the Nightclubs and Corporate segments for the three months ended December 31, 2021 amounting to $3.2 million and $168,000, respectively, and intercompany sales of Robust Energy Drink included in Other segment amounting to $69,000. These intercompany revenue amounts are eliminated upon consolidation.
General corporate expenses include corporate salaries, health insurance and social security taxes for officers, legal, accounting and information technology employees, corporate taxes and insurance, legal and accounting fees, depreciation and other corporate costs such as automobile and travel costs. Management considers these to be non-allocable costs for segment purposes.
Certain real estate assets previously wholly assigned to Bombshells have been subdivided and allocated to other future development or investment projects. Accordingly, those asset costs have been transferred out of the Bombshells segment.
12. Related Party Transactions
Presently, our Chairman and President, Eric Langan, personally guarantees all of the commercial bank indebtedness of the Company. Mr. Langan receives no compensation or other direct financial benefit for any of the guarantees. The balance of our commercial bank indebtedness, net of debt discount and issuance costs, as of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, was $120.1 million and $115.1 million, respectively.
Included in the $17.0 million borrowing on October 12, 2021 are notes borrowed from related parties—one note for $500,000 (Ed Anakar, an employee of the Company and brother of our former director Nourdean Anakar) and another note for $150,000 (from a brother of Company CFO, Bradley Chhay) in which the terms of the notes are the same as the rest of the lender group.
We used the services of Nottingham Creations, and previously Sherwood Forest Creations, LLC, both furniture fabrication companies that manufacture tables, chairs and other furnishings for our Bombshells locations, as well as providing ongoing maintenance. Nottingham Creations is owned by a brother of Eric Langan (as was Sherwood Forest). Amounts billed to us for goods and services provided by Nottingham Creations and Sherwood Forest were $0 and $24,037 during the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, we owed Nottingham Creations and Sherwood Forest $13,174 and $92,808, respectively, in unpaid billings.
TW Mechanical LLC provided plumbing and HVAC services to both a third-party general contractor providing construction services to the Company, as well as directly to the Company during fiscal 2023 and 2022. A son-in-law of Eric Langan owns a 50% interest in TW Mechanical. Amounts billed by TW Mechanical to the third-party general contractor were $0 and $0 for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Amounts billed directly to the Company were $0 and $80,996 for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, the Company owed TW Mechanical $0 and $9,338, respectively, in unpaid direct billings.
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RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
13. Leases
Total lease expense included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Operating lease expense – fixed payments | $ | 1,259 |  |  | $ | 1,131 |
Variable lease expense | 427 |  |  | 334 |
Short-term and other lease expense (includes $64 and $72 recorded in advertising and marketing, and $127 and $83 recorded in repairs and maintenance for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively; see Note 6) | 267 |  |  | 330 |
Sublease income | — |  |  | (2) |
Total lease expense, net | $ | 1,953 |  |  | $ | 1,793 |
Other information: |  |  |
Operating cash outflows from operating leases | $ | 1,910 |  |  | $ | 1,749 |
Weighted average remaining lease term – operating leases | 11.2 years |  | 12.4 years
Weighted average discount rate – operating leases | 5.6 | % |  | 5.7 | %

Future maturities of operating lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

| Principal Payments |  | Interest Payments |  | Total Payments
January - December 2023 | $ | 2,850 |  |  | $ | 2,060 |  |  | $ | 4,910 |
January - December 2024 | 3,068 |  |  | 1,895 |  |  | 4,963 |
January - December 2025 | 3,331 |  |  | 1,717 |  |  | 5,048 |
January - December 2026 | 3,583 |  |  | 1,523 |  |  | 5,106 |
January - December 2027 | 3,345 |  |  | 1,325 |  |  | 4,670 |
Thereafter | 21,943 |  |  | 4,933 |  |  | 26,876 |
| $ | 38,120 |  |  | $ | 13,453 |  |  | $ | 51,573 |

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included in this quarterly report, and the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2022.
Overview
RCI Hospitality Holdings, Inc. (“RCIHH”) is a holding company. Through our subsidiaries, we engage in a number of activities in the hospitality and related businesses. All services and management operations are conducted by subsidiaries of RCIHH, including RCI Management Services, Inc.
Through our subsidiaries, as of December 31, 2022, we operated a total of 64 establishments that offer live adult entertainment and/or restaurant and bar operations, including one food hall. We also operated a leading business communications company serving the multi-billion-dollar adult nightclubs industry. We have two principal reportable segments: Nightclubs and Bombshells. We combine operating segments not included in Nightclubs and Bombshells into “Other.” In the context of club and restaurant/sports bar operations, the terms the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us” and similar terms used in this report refer to subsidiaries of RCIHH. RCIHH was incorporated in the State of Texas in 1994. Our corporate offices are located in Houston, Texas.
Current Operating Environment
Our fiscal 2020 was the period hardest hit by the COVID-19 pandemic causing a significant reduction in customer traffic in our clubs and restaurants due to changes in consumer behavior as social distancing practices, dining room closures and other restrictions were mandated or encouraged by federal, state and local governments. In fiscal 2021, our businesses started to recover from the initial effects of the pandemic when government restrictions eased. Stimulus money also flowed to the economy at that time which prompted increased discretionary spending. In fiscal 2022, several coronavirus variants threatened to bring back tight restrictions. Along with the pandemic, geopolitical and macroeconomic events started to affect the U.S. economy in general, with global inflation and supply chain disruptions impacting our businesses.
Geopolitical and macroeconomic events are still developing. In the event global inflation leads to a major economic downturn, our business operations and cash flow could be significantly affected.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On a regular basis, we evaluate these estimates. These estimates are based on management’s historical industry experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
For a description of the accounting policies that, in management’s opinion, involve the most significant application of judgment or involve complex estimation and which could, if different judgment or estimates were made, materially affect our reported financial position, results of operations, or cash flows, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022 filed with the SEC on December 14, 2022.
During the three months ended December 31, 2022, there were no significant changes in our accounting policies and estimates.
Results of Operations
Highlights of the Company's first quarter 2023 operating results are as follows:
•Total revenues were approximately $70.0 million compared to $61.8 million during the comparable prior-year period, a 13.2% increase (Nightclubs revenue of $56.3 million compared to $46.8 million, a 20.4% increase; and Bombshells revenue of $13.4 million compared to $14.8 million, a 9.1% decrease)
•Consolidated same-store sales decreased by 2.7% (Nightclubs increased by 1.2% while Bombshells decreased by 13.9%) (refer to the definition of same-store sales in the discussion of revenues below)
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•Basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) of $1.11 compared to $1.12 (non-GAAP diluted EPS* of $1.19 compared to $1.10) during the comparable prior-year period
•Net cash provided by operating activities of $14.9 million compared to $16.3 million during the comparable prior-year period, a 8.4% decrease (free cash flow* of $13.0 million compared to $15.3 million, a 14.6% decrease)
*Reconciliation and discussion of non-GAAP financial measures are included in the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section below.
The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2022 |  | For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2021 |  | Better (Worse)
| Amount |  | % of Revenues |  | Amount |  | % of Revenues |  | Amount |  | %
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Sales of alcoholic beverages | $ | 29,650 |  |  | 42.4 | % |  | $ | 26,431 |  |  | 42.7 | % |  | $ | 3,219 |  |  | 12.2 | %
Sales of food and merchandise | 10,347 |  |  | 14.8 | % |  | 10,894 |  |  | 17.6 | % |  | (547) |  |  | (5.0) | %
Service revenues | 25,563 |  |  | 36.5 | % |  | 20,876 |  |  | 33.8 | % |  | 4,687 |  |  | 22.5 | %
Other | 4,408 |  |  | 6.3 | % |  | 3,635 |  |  | 5.9 | % |  | 773 |  |  | 21.3 | %
Total revenues | 69,968 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 61,836 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 8,132 |  |  | 13.2 | %
Operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of goods sold |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Alcoholic beverages sold | 5,374 |  |  | 18.1 | % |  | 4,834 |  |  | 18.3 | % |  | (540) |  |  | (11.2) | %
Food and merchandise sold | 3,586 |  |  | 34.7 | % |  | 3,957 |  |  | 36.3 | % |  | 371 |  |  | 9.4 | %
Service and other | 49 |  |  | 0.2 | % |  | 100 |  |  | 0.4 | % |  | 51 |  |  | 51.0 | %
Total cost of goods sold (exclusive of items shown separately below) | 9,009 |  |  | 12.9 | % |  | 8,891 |  |  | 14.4 | % |  | (118) |  |  | (1.3) | %
Salaries and wages | 18,676 |  |  | 26.7 | % |  | 16,505 |  |  | 26.7 | % |  | (2,171) |  |  | (13.2) | %
Selling, general and administrative | 22,732 |  |  | 32.5 | % |  | 18,486 |  |  | 29.9 | % |  | (4,246) |  |  | (23.0) | %
Depreciation and amortization | 3,307 |  |  | 4.7 | % |  | 2,194 |  |  | 3.5 | % |  | (1,113) |  |  | (50.7) | %
Other gains, net | (654) |  |  | (0.9) | % |  | (151) |  |  | (0.2) | % |  | 503 |  |  | 333.1 | %
Total operating expenses | 53,070 |  |  | 75.8 | % |  | 45,925 |  |  | 74.3 | % |  | (7,145) |  |  | (15.6) | %
Income from operations | 16,898 |  |  | 24.2 | % |  | 15,911 |  |  | 25.7 | % |  | 987 |  |  | 6.2 | %
Other income (expenses) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | (3,687) |  |  | (5.3) | % |  | (2,604) |  |  | (4.2) | % |  | (1,083) |  |  | (41.6) | %
Interest income | 91 |  |  | 0.1 | % |  | 106 |  |  | 0.2 | % |  | (15) |  |  | (14.2) | %
Non-operating gains, net | — |  |  | — | % |  | 84 |  |  | 0.1 | % |  | (84) |  |  | (100.0) | %
Income before income taxes | 13,302 |  |  | 19.0 | % |  | 13,497 |  |  | 21.8 | % |  | (195) |  |  | (1.4) | %
Income tax expense | 3,031 |  |  | 4.3 | % |  | 2,933 |  |  | 4.7 | % |  | (98) |  |  | (3.3) | %
Net income | $ | 10,271 |  |  | 14.7 | % |  | $ | 10,564 |  |  | 17.1 | % |  | $ | (293) |  |  | (2.8) | %

*Percentages may not foot due to rounding. Percentage of revenue for individual cost of goods sold items pertains to their respective revenue line.
Revenues
Consolidated revenues for the first quarter increased by approximately $8.1 million, or 13.2%, versus the comparable prior-year quarter due primarily to a 15.4% increase in sales from newly acquired clubs and a new Bombshells opening partially offset by a 2.3% decrease, which is the impact of consolidated same-store sales on total consolidated revenue change. Consolidated same-store sales decreased by 2.7%.
We calculate same-store sales by comparing year-over-year revenues from nightclubs and restaurants/sports bars starting in the first full quarter of operations after at least 12 full months for Nightclubs and at least 18 full months for Bombshells.
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We consider the first six months of operations of a Bombshells unit to be the “honeymoon period” where sales are significantly higher than normal. We exclude from a particular month’s calculation units previously included in the same-store sales base that have closed temporarily until its next full quarter of operations. We also exclude from the same-store sales base units that are being reconcepted or are closed due to renovations or remodels. Acquired units are included in the same-store sales calculation as long as they qualify based on the definition stated above. Revenues outside of our Nightclubs and Bombshells reportable segments are excluded from same-store sales calculation.
Segment contribution to total revenues was as follows (in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Nightclubs | $ | 56,325 |  |  | $ | 46,781 |
Bombshells | 13,431 |  |  | 14,771 |
Other | 212 |  |  | 284 |
| $ | 69,968 |  |  | $ | 61,836 |

Nightclubs revenues increased by 20.4% for the quarter ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior-year quarter primarily due to the contribution of newly acquired clubs and the impact of the increase in same-store sales. For Nightclubs that were open enough days to qualify for same-store sales (refer to the definition of same-store sales in the preceding paragraph), sales increased by 1.2%. Newly acquired clubs contributed a sales increase of $9.0 million to the total Nightclubs revenue increase of $9.5 million. By type of revenue, service revenue increased by 23.4%, alcoholic beverage sales increased by 21.6%, and food, merchandise and other revenue increased by 9.6%.
Bombshells revenues decreased by 9.1%, of which 13.9% was for same-store sales decrease with the offsetting increase caused by one new location and revenue from franchising operations. By type of revenue, food and merchandise sales decreased by 8.8% while alcoholic beverage sales decreased by 8.6%. Management believes that the decrease in total Bombshells revenue was mainly from higher customer spending in the prior year caused by government stimulus money.
Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses, as a percent of revenues, increased to 75.8% from 74.3% from last year’s first quarter, with a $7.1 million increase, or 15.6%, which was mainly caused by costs and expenses directly related to higher sales in the current-year quarter and stock-based compensation in the current quarter. Significant contributors to the changes in operating expenses are explained below.
Cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold increased by $118,000, or 1.3%, mainly due to higher sales. As a percent of total revenues, cost of goods sold decreased to 12.9% from 14.4% mainly due to the sales mix increases in service and alcohol sales and a decrease in food and merchandise sales. Service revenue has the highest margin while food and merchandise have the lowest. Nightclubs cost of goods sold decreased to 10.5% from 11.1%, while Bombshells cost of goods sold decreased to 22.9% from 24.4%.
Salaries and wages. Salaries and wages increased by $2.2 million, or 13.2%, due to increase in personnel from newly acquired clubs and new Bombshells opened in the prior year and shifts to accommodate the increase in sales. As a percent of total revenues, salaries and wages were almost flat at 26.7% from 26.7%. Nightclubs increased to 20.8% from 20.5% and Bombshells increased to 26.5% from 24.8%, while corporate decreased to 4.7% from 5.0%.
Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses increased by $4.2 million, or 23.0%, primarily due to increased variable expenses related to higher sales during the current-year quarter and stock-based compensation.
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| For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2022 |  | For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2021 |  | Better (Worse)
| Amount |  | % of Revenues |  | Amount |  | % of Revenues |  | Amount |  | %
Taxes and permits | $ | 2,684 |  |  | 3.8 | % |  | $ | 2,236 |  |  | 3.6 | % |  | $ | (448) |  |  | (20.0) | %
Advertising and marketing | 2,670 |  |  | 3.8 | % |  | 2,383 |  |  | 3.9 | % |  | (287) |  |  | (12.0) | %
Supplies and services | 2,424 |  |  | 3.5 | % |  | 1,980 |  |  | 3.2 | % |  | (444) |  |  | (22.4) | %
Insurance | 2,582 |  |  | 3.7 | % |  | 2,395 |  |  | 3.9 | % |  | (187) |  |  | (7.8) | %
Legal | 985 |  |  | 1.4 | % |  | 1,060 |  |  | 1.7 | % |  | 75 |  |  | 7.1 | %
Lease | 1,762 |  |  | 2.5 | % |  | 1,640 |  |  | 2.7 | % |  | (122) |  |  | (7.4) | %
Charge card fees | 1,897 |  |  | 2.7 | % |  | 1,331 |  |  | 2.2 | % |  | (566) |  |  | (42.5) | %
Utilities | 1,271 |  |  | 1.8 | % |  | 935 |  |  | 1.5 | % |  | (336) |  |  | (35.9) | %
Security | 1,164 |  |  | 1.7 | % |  | 1,087 |  |  | 1.8 | % |  | (77) |  |  | (7.1) | %
Stock-based compensation | 941 |  |  | 1.3 | % |  | — |  |  | — | % |  | (941) |  |  | (100.0) | %
Accounting and professional fees | 1,518 |  |  | 2.2 | % |  | 1,346 |  |  | 2.2 | % |  | (172) |  |  | (12.8) | %
Repairs and maintenance | 1,164 |  |  | 1.7 | % |  | 725 |  |  | 1.2 | % |  | (439) |  |  | (60.6) | %
Other | 1,670 |  |  | 2.4 | % |  | 1,368 |  |  | 2.2 | % |  | (302) |  |  | (22.1) | %
Total selling, general and administrative expenses | $ | 22,732 |  |  | 32.5 | % |  | $ | 18,486 |  |  | 29.9 | % |  | $ | (4,246) |  |  | (23.0) | %

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization increased by $1.1 million, or 50.7%, due to new depreciable assets from newly acquired and constructed units and amortization of SOB licenses from leased clubs.
Other gains, net. Other gains, net increased due to a higher gain from disposal of assets and businesses and the settlement of lawsuits in the prior-year quarter.
Income (Loss) from Operations
For the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, our consolidated operating margin was 24.2% and 25.7%, respectively. The main drivers for the decrease in operating margin are the stock-based compensation and amortization of SOB licenses which are both only present in the current-year quarter partially offset by fixed expenses leveraged from higher sales.
Segment contribution to income (loss) from operations is presented in the table below (in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Nightclubs | $ | 22,740 |  |  | $ | 18,736 |
Bombshells | 1,847 |  |  | 2,802 |
Other | (185) |  |  | (43) |
Corporate | (7,504) |  |  | (5,584) |
| $ | 16,898 |  |  | $ | 15,911 |

Nightclubs operating margin was 40.4% and 40.1% for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, while operating margin for Bombshells was 13.8% and 19.0%, respectively. Nightclubs operating margin increased due to fixed expenses leveraged from higher sales, partially offset by amortization of SOB licenses. The decrease in Bombshells operating margin was mainly due to fixed expenses deleveraged from lower sales.
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Excluding certain items, non-GAAP operating income (loss) and non-GAAP operating margin are computed in the tables below (dollars in thousands). Refer to the discussion of Non-GAAP Financial Measures on page 28.

| For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2022
| Nightclubs |  | Bombshells |  | Other |  | Corporate |  | Total
Income (loss) from operations | $ | 22,740 |  |  | $ | 1,847 |  |  | $ | (185) |  |  | $ | (7,504) |  |  | $ | 16,898 |
Amortization of intangibles | 628 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 695 |
Gain on sale of businesses and assets | (569) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (21) |  |  | (590) |
Gain on insurance | (48) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16) |  |  | (64) |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 941 |  |  | 941 |
Non-GAAP operating income (loss) | $ | 22,751 |  |  | $ | 1,849 |  |  | $ | (124) |  |  | $ | (6,596) |  |  | $ | 17,880 |
GAAP operating margin | 40.4 | % |  | 13.8 | % |  | (87.3) | % |  | (10.7) | % |  | 24.2 | %
Non-GAAP operating margin | 40.4 | % |  | 13.8 | % |  | (58.5) | % |  | (9.4) | % |  | 25.6 | %

| For the Three Months Ended December 31, 2021
| Nightclubs |  | Bombshells |  | Other |  | Corporate |  | Total
Income (loss) from operations | $ | 18,736 |  |  | $ | 2,802 |  |  | $ | (43) |  |  | $ | (5,584) |  |  | $ | 15,911 |
Amortization of intangibles | 47 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |
Settlement of lawsuits | 177 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | 192 |
Loss (gain) on sale of businesses and assets | 45 |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | (400) |  |  | (342) |
Gain on insurance | (1) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1) |
Non-GAAP operating income (loss) | $ | 19,004 |  |  | $ | 2,828 |  |  | $ | (43) |  |  | $ | (5,979) |  |  | $ | 15,810 |
GAAP operating margin | 40.1 | % |  | 19.0 | % |  | (15.1) | % |  | (9.0) | % |  | 25.7 | %
Non-GAAP operating margin | 40.6 | % |  | 19.1 | % |  | (15.1) | % |  | (9.7) | % |  | 25.6 | %

Other Income/Expenses
Interest expense increased by $1.1 million, or 41.6%, primarily caused by a higher average debt balance mostly from seller-financed promissory notes from last year's acquisitions.
Our total occupancy costs, defined as the sum of operating lease expense and interest expense, were $5.4 million and $4.2 million for the quarters ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As a percentage of revenue, total occupancy costs were 7.8% and 6.9% during the quarters ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, primarily due to the interest from higher average debt balance.
Income Taxes
Income tax expense was $3.0 million and $2.9 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The effective income tax expense rate was 22.8% and 21.7% for the three months ended December 31, 2022
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and 2021, respectively. Our effective income tax rate is affected by state taxes, permanent differences, and tax credits, including the FICA tip credit, for both years, as presented below.

| For the Three Months Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Federal statutory income tax expense | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | %
State income taxes, net of federal benefit | 4.0 | % |  | 2.9 | %
Permanent differences | 0.5 | % |  | 0.4 | %
Tax credit | (2.8) | % |  | (2.0) | %
Other | 0.1 | % |  | (0.6) | %
Total income tax expense | 22.8 | % |  | 21.7 | %

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to our financial information presented in accordance with GAAP, management uses certain non-GAAP financial measures, within the meaning of the SEC Regulation G, to clarify and enhance understanding of past performance and prospects for the future. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s operating performance, financial position or cash flows that excludes or includes amounts that are included in or excluded from the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. We monitor non-GAAP financial measures because it describes the operating performance of the Company and helps management and investors gauge our ability to generate cash flow, excluding (or including) some items that management believes are not representative of the ongoing business operations of the Company, but are included in (or excluded from) the most directly comparable measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Relative to each of the non-GAAP financial measures, we further set forth our rationale as follows:
Non-GAAP Operating Income and Non-GAAP Operating Margin. We calculate non-GAAP operating income and non-GAAP operating margin by excluding the following items from income from operations and operating margin: (a) amortization of intangibles, (b) gains or losses on sale of businesses and assets, (c) gains or losses on insurance, (d) settlement of lawsuits, and (e) stock-based compensation. We believe that excluding these items assists investors in evaluating period-over-period changes in our operating income and operating margin without the impact of items that are not a result of our day-to-day business and operations.
Non-GAAP Net Income and Non-GAAP Net Income per Diluted Share. We calculate non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP net income per diluted share by excluding or including certain items to net income attributable to RCIHH common stockholders and diluted earnings per share. Adjustment items are: (a) amortization of intangibles, (b) gains or losses on sale of businesses and assets, (c) gains or losses on insurance, (d) unrealized gains or losses on equity securities, (e) settlement of lawsuits, (f) gain on debt extinguishment, (g) stock-based compensation, and (h) the income tax effect of the above-described adjustments. Included in the income tax effect of the above adjustments is the net effect of the non-GAAP provision for income taxes, calculated at 22.7% and 22.3% effective tax rate of the pre-tax non-GAAP income before taxes for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and the GAAP income tax expense (benefit). We believe that excluding and including such items help management and investors better understand our operating activities.
Adjusted EBITDA. We calculate adjusted EBITDA by excluding the following items from net income attributable to RCIHH common stockholders: (a) depreciation and amortization, (b) income tax expense (benefit), (c) net interest expense, (d) gains or losses on sale of businesses and assets, (e) gains or losses on insurance, (f) unrealized gains or losses on equity securities, (g) settlement of lawsuits, (h) gain on debt extinguishment, and (i) stock-based compensation. We believe that adjusting for such items helps management and investors better understand our operating activities. Adjusted EBITDA provides a core operational performance measurement that compares results without the need to adjust for federal, state and local taxes which have considerable variation between domestic jurisdictions. The results are, therefore, without consideration of financing alternatives of capital employed. We use adjusted EBITDA as one guideline to assess our unleveraged performance return on our investments. Adjusted EBITDA is also the target benchmark for our acquisitions of nightclubs.
We also use certain non-GAAP cash flow measures such as free cash flow. See “Liquidity and Capital Resources” section for further discussion.
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The following tables present our non-GAAP performance measures for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands, except per share, number of shares and percentages):

| Three Months Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Reconciliation of GAAP net income to Adjusted EBITDA |  |  |
Net income attributable to RCIHH common stockholders | $ | 10,238 |  |  | $ | 10,575 |
Income tax expense | 3,031 |  |  | 2,933 |
Interest expense, net | 3,596 |  |  | 2,498 |
Settlement of lawsuits | — |  |  | 192 |
Gain on sale of businesses and assets | (590) |  |  | (342) |
Gain on debt extinguishment | — |  |  | (85) |
Unrealized loss on equity securities | — |  |  | 1 |
Gain on insurance | (64) |  |  | (1) |
Stock-based compensation | 941 |  |  | — |
Depreciation and amortization | 3,307 |  |  | 2,194 |
Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 20,459 |  |  | $ | 17,965 |
Reconciliation of GAAP net income to non-GAAP net income |  |  |
Net income attributable to RCIHH common stockholders | $ | 10,238 |  |  | $ | 10,575 |
Amortization of intangibles | 695 |  |  | 50 |
Settlement of lawsuits | — |  |  | 192 |
Gain on sale of businesses and assets | (590) |  |  | (342) |
Gain on debt extinguishment | — |  |  | (85) |
Unrealized loss on equity securities | — |  |  | 1 |
Gain on insurance | (64) |  |  | (1) |
Stock-based compensation | 941 |  |  | — |
Net income tax effect | (200) |  |  | (38) |

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Non-GAAP net income | $ | 11,020 |  |  | $ | 10,352 |
Reconciliation of GAAP diluted earnings per share to non-GAAP diluted earnings per share |  |  |
Diluted shares | 9,230,258 |  |  | 9,407,519 |
GAAP diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.11 |  |  | $ | 1.12 |
Amortization of intangibles | 0.08 |  |  | 0.01 |
Settlement of lawsuits | 0.00 |  |  | 0.02 |
Gain on sale of businesses and assets | (0.06) |  |  | (0.04) |
Gain on debt extinguishment | 0.00 |  |  | (0.01) |
Unrealized loss on equity securities | 0.00 |  |  | 0.00 |
Gain on insurance | (0.01) |  |  | 0.00 |
Stock-based compensation | 0.10 |  |  | 0.00 |
Net income tax effect | (0.02) |  |  | 0.00 |
Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.19 |  |  | $ | 1.10 |
Reconciliation of GAAP operating income to non-GAAP operating income |  |  |
Income from operations | $ | 16,898 |  |  | $ | 15,911 |
Amortization of intangibles | 695 |  |  | 50 |
Settlement of lawsuits | — |  |  | 192 |
Gain on sale of businesses and assets | (590) |  |  | (342) |
Gain on insurance | (64) |  |  | (1) |
Stock-based compensation | 941 |  |  | — |
Non-GAAP operating income | $ | 17,880 |  |  | $ | 15,810 |
Reconciliation of GAAP operating margin to non-GAAP operating margin |  |  |
Income from operations | 24.2 | % |  | 25.7 | %
Amortization of intangibles | 1.0 | % |  | 0.1 | %
Settlement of lawsuits | 0.0 | % |  | 0.3 | %
Gain on sale of businesses and assets | (0.8) | % |  | (0.6) | %
Gain on insurance | (0.1) | % |  | 0.0 | %
Stock-based compensation | 1.3 | % |  | 0.0 | %
Non-GAAP operating margin | 25.6 | % |  | 25.6 | %

* Per share amounts and percentages may not foot due to rounding.
** The adjustments to reconcile net income attributable to RCIHH common stockholders to non-GAAP net income exclude the impact of adjustments related to noncontrolling interests, which is immaterial.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
At December 31, 2022, our cash and cash equivalents were approximately $34.1 million compared to $36.0 million at September 30, 2022. Because of the large volume of cash we handle, we have very stringent cash controls. As of December 31, 2022, we had working capital of $12.8 million compared to working capital of $18.6 million as of September 30, 2022, excluding net assets held for sale amounting to $0 and $1.0 million as of December 31, 2022 and September 30, 2022, respectively. Since the pandemic hard hit fiscal 2020, we have since recovered and have seen a more normal stream of operations in 2021 and 2022. Geopolitical and macroeconomic events are still developing. In the event global inflation leads to a major economic downturn, our business operations and cash flow could be significantly affected. We believe that we can borrow capital if needed but currently we do not have unused credit facilities so there can be no guarantee that additional liquidity will be readily available or available on favorable terms.
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We have not recently raised capital through the issuance of equity securities although we have used equity recently in one of our acquisitions. Instead, we use debt financing to lower our overall cost of capital and increase our return on stockholders’ equity. We have a history of borrowing funds in private transactions and from sellers in acquisition transactions and have secured traditional bank financing on our new development projects and refinancing of our existing notes payable, but there can be no assurance that any of these financing options would be presently available on favorable terms, if at all. We also have historically utilized these cash flows to invest in property and equipment, adult nightclubs, and restaurants/sports bars.
We expect to generate adequate cash flows from operations for the next 12 months from the issuance of this report.
The following table presents a summary of our cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities (in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Operating activities | $ | 14,895 |  |  | $ | 16,264 |
Investing activities | (13,650) |  |  | (48,130) |
Financing activities | (3,117) |  |  | 14,134 |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | $ | (1,872) |  |  | $ | (17,732) |

Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Following are our summarized cash flows from operating activities (in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Net income | $ | 10,271 |  |  | $ | 10,564 |
Depreciation and amortization | 3,307 |  |  | 2,194 |
Stock-based compensation | 941 |  |  | — |
Gain on debt extinguishment | — |  |  | (83) |
Net change in operating assets and liabilities | 263 |  |  | 3,414 |
Other | 113 |  |  | 175 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 14,895 |  |  | $ | 16,264 |

Net cash provided by operating activities decreased from year to year primarily due to higher interest expense.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Following are our cash flows from investing activities (in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Payments for property and equipment and intangible assets | $ | (12,553) |  |  | $ | (9,850) |
Acquisition of businesses | (4,000) |  |  | (39,302) |
Proceeds from sale of businesses and assets | 2,784 |  |  | 803 |
Proceeds from insurance | 64 |  |  | 185 |
Proceeds from notes receivable | 55 |  |  | 34 |
Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (13,650) |  |  | $ | (48,130) |

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Following is a breakdown of our payments for property and equipment and intangible assets for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
New facilities, equipment, and intangible assets | $ | 10,689 |  |  | $ | 8,852 |
Maintenance capital expenditures | 1,864 |  |  | 998 |
Total capital expenditures | $ | 12,553 |  |  | $ | 9,850 |

The capital expenditures during the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 were composed primarily of real estate and new equipment and furniture purchases for the newly acquired clubs. Maintenance capital expenditures refer mainly to capitalized replacement of productive assets in already existing locations. Variances in capital expenditures are primarily due to the number and timing of new, remodeled, or reconcepted locations under construction.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Following are our cash flows from financing activities (in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Proceeds from debt obligations | $ | 1,500 |  |  | $ | 17,002 |
Payments on debt obligations | (3,361) |  |  | (2,488) |
Purchase of treasury stock | (98) |  |  | — |
Payment of dividends | (462) |  |  | (380) |
Payment of loan origination costs | (96) |  |  | — |
Share in return of investment by noncontrolling partner | (600) |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | $ | (3,117) |  |  | $ | 14,134 |

We purchased 1,500 shares of our common stock at an average price of $65.02 during the three months ended December 31, 2022, while we purchased 74,659 shares of our common stock at an average price of $24.03 during the three months ended December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2022, we have approximately $18.8 million authorization remaining to purchase additional shares.
We paid quarterly dividends of $0.05 per share in the current, while we paid $0.04 per share in the prior-year quarter.
See Note 7 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for future maturities of our debt obligations.
Management also uses certain non-GAAP cash flow measures such as free cash flow. We calculate free cash flow as net cash provided by operating activities less maintenance capital expenditures. We use free cash flow as the baseline for the implementation of our capital allocation strategy.
Below is a table reconciling free cash flow to its most directly comparable GAAP measure (in thousands):

| For the Three Months Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 14,895 |  |  | $ | 16,264 |
Less: Maintenance capital expenditures | 1,864 |  |  | 998 |
Free cash flow | $ | 13,031 |  |  | $ | 15,266 |

Our free cash flow for the current quarter decreased by 14.6% compared to the comparable prior-year period primarily due to higher interest expense payments and higher maintenance capital expenditures from renovations of several of our clubs.
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We do not include capital expenditures related to new facilities construction, equipment and intangibles assets as a reduction from net cash flow from operating activities to arrive at free cash flow. This is because, based on our capital allocation strategy, acquisitions and development of our own clubs and restaurants are our primary uses of free cash flow.
Other than the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the current geopolitical and macroeconomic events happening globally, and the notes payable financing described above, we are not aware of any event or trend that would adversely impact our liquidity. In our opinion, working capital is not a true indicator of our financial status. Typically, businesses in our industry carry current liabilities in excess of current assets because businesses in our industry receive substantially immediate payment for sales, with nominal receivables, while inventories and other current liabilities normally carry longer payment terms. Vendors and purveyors often remain flexible with payment terms, providing businesses in our industry with opportunities to adjust to short-term business downturns. We consider the primary indicators of financial status to be the long-term trend of revenue growth, the mix of sales revenues, overall cash flow, profitability from operations and the level of long-term debt.
The following table presents a summary of such indicators for the three months ended December 31 (in thousands, except percentages):

| 2022 |  | Increase (Decrease) |  | 2021 |  | Increase (Decrease) |  | 2020
Sales of alcoholic beverages | $ | 29,650 |  |  | 12.2 | % |  | $ | 26,431 |  |  | 52.3 | % |  | $ | 17,360 |
Sales of food and merchandise | 10,347 |  |  | (5.0) | % |  | 10,894 |  |  | 26.5 | % |  | 8,609 |
Service revenues | 25,563 |  |  | 22.5 | % |  | 20,876 |  |  | 107.5 | % |  | 10,060 |
Other | 4,408 |  |  | 21.3 | % |  | 3,635 |  |  | 53.4 | % |  | 2,369 |
Total revenues | $ | 69,968 |  |  | 13.2 | % |  | $ | 61,836 |  |  | 61.0 | % |  | $ | 38,398 |
Net income attributable to RCIHH common stockholders | $ | 10,238 |  |  | (3.2) | % |  | $ | 10,575 |  |  | 9.7 | % |  | $ | 9,643 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 14,895 |  |  | (8.4) | % |  | $ | 16,264 |  |  | 159.2 | % |  | $ | 6,274 |
Adjusted EBITDA* | $ | 20,459 |  |  | 13.9 | % |  | $ | 17,965 |  |  | 106.7 | % |  | $ | 8,690 |
Free cash flow* | $ | 13,031 |  |  | (14.6) | % |  | $ | 15,266 |  |  | 169.3 | % |  | $ | 5,669 |
Debt (end of period) | $ | 211,234 |  |  | 30.5 | % |  | $ | 161,850 |  |  | 20.0 | % |  | $ | 134,821 |

*See definition and calculation of Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow above in the Non-GAAP Financial Measures subsection of Results of Operations.
Impact of Inflation
To the extent permitted by competition, we have managed to recover increased costs through price increases and may continue to do so. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so in the future.
Seasonality
Our nightclub operations are affected by seasonal factors. Historically, we have experienced reduced revenues from April through September (our fiscal third and fourth quarters) with the strongest operating results occurring during October through March (our fiscal first and second quarters). Our revenues in certain markets are also affected by sporting events that cause unusual changes in sales from year to year.
Capital Allocation Strategy
Our capital allocation strategy provides us with disciplined guidelines on how we should use our free cash flows; provided however, that we may deviate from this strategy if other strategic rationale warrants. We calculate free cash flow as net cash flows from operating activities minus maintenance capital expenditures. Using the after-tax yield of buying our own stock as baseline, management believes that we are able to make better investment decisions.
Based on our current capital allocation strategy:
•We consider acquiring or developing our own clubs or restaurants that we believe have the potential to provide a minimum cash on cash return of 25%-33%, absent an otherwise strategic rationale;
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•We consider disposing of underperforming units to free up capital for more productive use;
•We consider buying back our own stock if the after-tax yield on free cash flow is above 10%;
•We consider paying down our most expensive debt if it makes sense on a tax adjusted basis, or there is an otherwise strategic rationale.
Growth Strategy
We believe that we can continue to grow organically and through careful entry into markets with high growth potential. Our growth strategy includes acquiring existing units, opening new units after market analysis, developing new club concepts that are consistent with our management and marketing skills, franchising our Bombshells brand, and developing and opening our Bombshells concept as our capital and manpower allow.
All eleven of the existing Bombshells as of December 31, 2022 were located in Texas. Our growth strategy is to diversify our operations with these units which do not require SOB licenses, which are sometimes difficult to obtain. While we are searching for adult nightclubs to acquire, we are able to also search for restaurant/sports bar locations that are consistent with our income targets.
We continue to evaluate opportunities to acquire new nightclubs and anticipate acquiring new locations that fit our business model as we have done in the past. The acquisition of additional clubs may require us to take on additional debt or issue our common stock, or both. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain additional financing on reasonable terms in the future, if at all, should the need arise. An inability to obtain such additional financing could have an adverse effect on our growth strategy.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
As of December 31, 2022, there were no material changes to the information provided in Item 7A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended September 30, 2022.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures, defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act, that are designed to ensure that the information required to be filed or submitted with the SEC under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management of the company with the participation of its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
In connection with the preparation of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended December 31, 2022, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on their evaluation, they have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2022. This determination is based on the previously reported material weakness management previously identified in our internal control over financial reporting, as described below. We are in the process of remediating the material weakness in our internal control, as described below. We believe the completion of these processes should remedy our disclosure controls and procedures. We will continue to monitor this issue.
Previously Reported Material Weakness in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
In our Annual Report for the year ended September 30, 2022, filed with the SEC on December 14, 2022, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of September 30, 2022. In the evaluation, management identified a material weakness in internal control related to the proper design and implementation of controls over management's review of the Company's accounting for business combinations, specifically related to the identification of and accounting for intangible assets acquired in a business combination.
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Remediation Efforts to Address Material Weakness
Management is committed to the remediation of the material weakness described above, as well as the continued improvement of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. As such, we have added controls to enhance management's review of purchase documents to identify intangible assets acquired and controls to increase the precision of the review of all assumptions used in the intangible asset valuation models. We will also conduct senior management reviews of any and all material estimates that are applied in these instances.
It is our belief that these actions will effectively remediate the existing material weakness.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Other than as described above, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended December 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
See the “Legal Matters” section within Note 10 of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which information is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
There were no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, except for such risks and uncertainties that may result from the additional disclosure in the “Legal Matters” section within Note 10 of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which information is incorporated herein by reference. The risks described in the Annual Report on Form 10-K and in this Form 10-Q are not the only risks the Company faces. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to the Company, or that the Company deems to be immaterial, also may have a material adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Our share repurchase activity during the three months ended December 31, 2022 was a follows:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share (or Unit)(1) |  | Total Number of Shares (or Units) Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(2) |  | Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares (or Units) That May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
October 1-31, 2022 |  | 1,500 |  |  | $ | 65.02 |  |  | 1,500 |  |  | $ | 18,766,851 |
November 1-30, 2022 |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 18,766,851 |
December 1-31, 2022 |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 18,766,851 |
|  | 1,500 |  |  | $ | 65.02 |  |  | 1,500 |  |  |

(1) Prices include any commissions and transaction costs.
(2) All shares were purchased pursuant to the repurchase plans approved by the Board of Directors as disclosed in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit No. |  | Description
31.1 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer of RCI Hospitality Holdings, Inc. required by Rule 13a-14(1) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer of RCI Hospitality Holdings, Inc. required by Rule 13a-14(1) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32 |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of RCI Hospitality Holdings, Inc. pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and Section 1350 of 18 U.S.C. 63.
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

| RCI HOSPITALITY HOLDINGS, INC.
Date: February 9, 2023 | By: | /s/ Eric S. Langan
|  | Eric S. Langan
|  | Chief Executive Officer and President
Date: February 9, 2023 | By: | /s/ Bradley Chhay
|  | Bradley Chhay
|  | Chief Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer

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