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Debt | 3 Months Ended
--- | ---
Mar. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] |
Debt | Debt As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, long-term debt consisted of the following (in thousands):
| March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
| 2026 Notes |  | 2025 Notes |  | Total |  | 2026 Notes |  | 2025 Notes |  | Total
Outstanding principal balance | $ | 212,750 |  |  | $ | 150,000 |  |  | $ | 362,750 |  |  | $ | 212,750 |  |  | $ | 150,000 |  |  | $ | 362,750 |
Less: Debt issuance costs | (3,648) |  |  | (3,024) |  |  | (6,672) |  |  | (3,896) |  |  | (3,274) |  |  | (7,170) |
Carrying amount, long-term debt | $ | 209,102 |  |  | $ | 146,976 |  |  | $ | 356,078 |  |  | $ | 208,854 |  |  | $ | 146,726 |  |  | $ | 355,580 |
The following tables set forth the total interest expense recognized related to the term loans and the convertible notes for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31,
|  |  |  |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Cash interest expense |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,253 |  |  | $ | 2,253 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs |  |  |  |  | 498 |  |  | 480 |
Total interest expense |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,751 |  |  | $ | 2,733 |
The following table summarizes the Company's contractual obligation to settle commitments related to the 2026 Notes and 2025 Notes as of March 31, 2023 (in thousands):
| Payments due by Year
| Total |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 |  | 2027 and thereafter
Convertible Senior Notes Due 2026 | $ | 212,750 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 212,750 |  |  | $ | — |
Interest obligations on 2026 Notes (1) | 5,586 |  |  | 798 |  |  | 1,596 |  |  | 1,596 |  |  | 1,596 |  |  | — |
Convertible Senior Notes Due 2025 | 150,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 150,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest obligations on 2025 Notes (1) | 22,500 |  |  | 7,500 |  |  | 7,500 |  |  | 7,500 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
(1) The 2026 Notes and 2025 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 0.750% and 5.000% per year, respectively. Senior Notes 2025 Notes In June 2020, the Company issued $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.000% convertible senior notes due 2025 (the 2025 Notes), in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers. Interest is payable in cash semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year. The 2025 Notes mature on December 1, 2025, unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted. The total net proceeds from the 2025 Notes, after deducting the debt issuance costs of $5.7 million, was $144.3 million. Prior to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-06, the Company separated the conversion option of the 2025 Notes from the debt instrument and classified the conversion option in equity. The Company early adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective transition method. Adoption of ASU 2020-06 resulted in a decrease to additional paid-in capital of $45.5 million, an increase to retained earnings of $3.1 million, and a net increase to long-term debt of $42.4 million. The effective interest rate of the 2025 Notes is 5.8%. The Company recorded cash interest of $1.9 million, and amortization of debt issuance costs of $0.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023. The Company recorded cash interest of $1.9 million, and amortization of debt issuance costs of $0.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022. The 2025 Notes are (i) equal in right of payment with the Company’s existing and future senior, unsecured indebtedness; (ii) senior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the 2025 Notes; (iii) effectively subordinated to the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness; and (iv) structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, and (to the extent the Company is not a holder thereof) preferred equity, if any, of the Company’s subsidiaries. The terms of the 2025 Notes are governed by an Indenture by and between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Trustee (the Indenture). The Company may irrevocably elect a settlement in cash, shares of Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of Class A common stock. The 2025 Notes are convertible at an initial conversion rate of 79.3903 shares of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2025 Notes, which is equal to an initial conversion price of approximately $12.60 per share of Class A common stock. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment under certain circumstances in accordance with the terms of the Indenture. Holders of the 2025 Notes may convert all or a portion of their 2025 Notes only in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, under the following circumstances: •during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2020 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price per share of our Class A common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price of the 2025 Notes for each of the at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter; •during the five consecutive business days immediately after any 10 consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of 2025 Notes for each trading day of that 10 consecutive trading day period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of Class A common stock and the conversion rate on such trading day; •upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on the Company's Class A common stock, as described in the Indenture; •if the Company calls the 2025 Notes for redemption; or •at any time from, and including, June 2, 2025 until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date. Holders of the 2025 Notes who convert their 2025 Notes in connection with certain corporate events that constitute a make-whole fundamental change (as defined in the Indenture) are, under certain circumstances, entitled to an increase in the conversion rate. No sinking fund is provided for the 2025 Notes. The 2025 Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part, at the Company's option at any time and from time to time, on or after June 1, 2023 and on or before the 40th scheduled trading day immediately prior to the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date, but only if the last reported sale price per share of Class A common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (1) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading dates ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (2) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice. Additionally, calling any of the 2025 Notes for redemption will constitute a make-whole fundamental change with respect to that portion of the 2025 Notes, in which case the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of those 2025 Notes will be increased in certain circumstances (as described in the Indenture) if it is converted after it is called for redemption. If certain corporate events that constitute a “Fundamental Change” (as defined in the Indenture) occur, then, subject to a limited exception for certain cash mergers, note holders may require the Company to repurchase their 2025 Notes at a cash repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the 2025 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the Fundamental Change repurchase date. The definition of Fundamental Change includes certain business combination transactions involving the Company and certain de-listing events with respect to the Company’s Class A common stock. The 2025 Notes have customary provisions relating to the occurrence of “Events of Default” (as defined in the Indenture), which include the following: (i) certain payment defaults on the 2025 Notes; (ii) the Company’s failure to send certain notices under the Indenture within specified periods of time; (iii) the Company’s failure to comply with certain covenants in the Indenture relating to the Company’s ability to consolidate with or merge with or into, or sell, lease or otherwise transfer, in one transaction or a series of transactions, all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to another person; (iv) a default by the Company in its other obligations or agreements under the Indenture or the 2025 Notes if such default is not cured or waived within 60 days after notice is given in accordance with the Indenture; (v) the rendering of certain judgments against the Company or any of its subsidiaries for the payment of at least $10,000,000, where such judgments are not discharged or stayed within 45 days after the date on which the right to appeal has expired or on which all rights to appeal have been extinguished; (vi) certain defaults by the Company or any of its significant subsidiaries with respect to indebtedness for borrowed money of at least $10,000,000; and (vii) certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency and reorganization involving the Company or any of the Company’s significant subsidiaries. If an Event of Default involving bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization events with respect to the Company (and not solely with respect to a significant subsidiary of the Company) occurs, then the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the 2025 Notes then outstanding will immediately become due and payable without any further action or notice by any person. If any other Event of Default occurs and is continuing, then, the Trustee, by notice to the Company, or noteholders of at least 25% of the aggregate principal amount of 2025 Notes then outstanding, by notice to the Company and the Trustee, may declare the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the 2025 Notes then outstanding to become due and payable immediately. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may elect, at its option, that the sole remedy for an Event of Default relating to certain failures by the Company to comply with certain reporting covenants in the Indenture consists exclusively of the right of the noteholders to receive special interest on the 2025 Notes for up to 180 days at a specified rate per annum not exceeding 0.50% on the principal amount of the 2025 Notes. The fair value of the 2025 Notes, which we have classified as a Level 2 instrument, was $155.1 million as of March 31, 2023. The fair value of the 2025 Notes is determined using observable market prices on the last business day of the period. 2026 Notes In March 2021, the Company issued $212.75 million aggregate principal amount of 0.750% convertible senior notes due 2026 (the 2026 Notes) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers, inclusive of the initial purchaser's exercise in full of its option to purchase additional notes. The 2026 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 0.750% per year. Interest is payable in cash semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The 2026 Notes mature on September 15, 2026 unless earlier repurchased, redeemed or converted. The total net proceeds from the 2026 Notes, after deducting debt issuance costs of $5.7 million, was $207.0 million. The 2026 Notes are the Company’s senior, unsecured obligations and are (i) equal in right of payment with the Company’s existing and future senior, unsecured indebtedness; (ii) senior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the 2026 Notes and effectively subordinated to the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness; and (iii) structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, and (to the extent the Company is not a holder thereof) preferred equity, if any, of the Company’s subsidiaries. Before March 15, 2026, noteholders will have the right to convert their 2026 Notes under the following circumstances: •during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2021 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price per share of our Class A common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter; •during the five consecutive business days immediately after any 10 consecutive trading day period in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of our Class A common stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day; •upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on our Class A common stock, as described in the Indenture and •if the Company call such notes for redemption; From and after March 15, 2026, noteholders may convert their 2026 Notes at any time at their election until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date. Upon conversion, the 2026 Notes may be settled in cash, shares of Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of Class A common stock, at the Company's election. The Company may irrevocably elect a settlement in cash, shares of Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of Class A common stock. The 2026 Notes are convertible at an initial conversion rate of 35.8616 shares of Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2026 Notes, which is equal to an initial conversion price of approximately $27.89 per share of Class A common stock. The conversion rate and conversion price will be subject to customary adjustments upon the occurrence of certain events. In addition, if certain corporate events that constitute a “Make-Whole Fundamental Change” (as defined in the Indenture) occur, then the conversion rate will, in certain circumstances, be increased for a specified period of time. No sinking fund is provided for the 2026 Notes. The 2026 Notes will be redeemable, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after March 15, 2024 and on or before the 40th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, but only if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class A common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (1) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (2) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice. In addition, calling any 2026 Note for redemption will constitute a Make-Whole Fundamental Change with respect to that Note, in which case the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of that 2026 Note will be increased in certain circumstances if it is converted after it is called for redemption. If certain corporate events that constitute a “Fundamental Change” (as defined in the Indenture) occur, then, subject to a limited exception for certain cash mergers, noteholders may require the Company to repurchase their 2026 Notes at a cash repurchase price equal to the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. The definition of Fundamental Change includes certain business combination transactions involving the Company and certain de-listing events with respect to the Company’s Class A common stock. The 2026 Notes have customary provisions relating to the occurrence of “Events of Default” (as defined in the Indenture), which include the following: (i) certain payment defaults on the Notes (which, in the case of a default in the payment of interest on the Notes, will be subject to a 30-day cure period); (ii) the Company’s failure to send certain notices under the Indenture within specified periods of time; (iii) the Company’s failure to comply with certain covenants in the Indenture relating to the Company’s ability to consolidate with or merge with or into, or sell, lease or otherwise transfer, in one transaction or a series of transactions, all or substantially all of the assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to another person; (iv) a default by the Company in its other obligations or agreements under the Indenture or the Notes if such default is not cured or waived within 60 days after notice is given in accordance with the Indenture; (v) certain defaults by the Company or any of its significant subsidiaries with respect to indebtedness for borrowed money of at least $10,000,000; and (vi) certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency and reorganization involving the Company or any of the Company’s significant subsidiaries. If an Event of Default involving bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization events with respect to the Company (and not solely with respect to a significant subsidiary of the Company) occurs, then the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the 2026 Notes then outstanding will immediately become due and payable without any further action or notice by any person. If any other Event of Default occurs and is continuing, then the Trustee, by notice to the Company, or noteholders of at least 25% of the aggregate principal amount of Notes then outstanding, by notice to the Company and the Trustee, may declare the principal amount of, and all accrued and unpaid interest on, all of the 2026 Notes then outstanding to become due and payable immediately. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may elect, at its option, that the sole remedy for an Event of Default relating to certain failures by the Company to comply with certain reporting covenants in the Indenture consists exclusively of the right of the noteholders to receive special interest on the 2026 Notes for up to 180 days at a specified rate per annum not exceeding 0.50% on the principal amount of the 2026 Notes. In accounting for the issuance of the 2026 Notes, total issuance costs of $5.7 million related to the 2026 Notes are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2026 Notes using the effective interest rate method. The effective interest rate of the 2026 Notes is 1.3%. The Company recorded cash interest of $0.4 million, and amortization of debt issuance costs of $0.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022. The fair value of the 2026 Notes, which we have classified as a Level 2 instrument, was $165.3 million as of March 31, 2023. The fair value of the 2026 Notes is determined using observable market prices on the last business day of the period. Capped Call Transactions In March 2021, in connection with the offering of the 2026 Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (2026 Capped Calls) with certain financial institutions (2026 Option Counterparties). The 2026 Capped Calls cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the conversion rate of the 2026 Notes, the number of shares of Class A common stock initially underlying the 2026 Notes. The 2026 Capped Calls are expected generally to reduce potential dilution to the Class A common stock upon any conversion of 2026 Notes and/or offset any potential cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of such converted 2026 Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. The cap price of the 2026 Capped Calls will initially be $37.5375 per share of Class A common stock, and is subject to certain customary adjustments under the terms of the 2026 Capped Calls. The 2026 Capped Calls will expire in September 2026, if not exercised earlier. The 2026 Capped Calls are separate transactions entered into by the Company with each 2026 Option Counterparty, and are not part of the terms of the 2026 Notes and will not affect any noteholder’s rights under the 2026 Notes. Noteholders will not have any rights with respect to the 2026 Capped Calls. The 2026 Capped Calls are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified extraordinary events affecting the company, including merger events, tender offers and announcement events. In addition, the 2026 Capped Calls are subject to certain specified additional disruption events that may give rise to a termination of the 2026 Capped Calls, including nationalization, insolvency or delisting, changes in law, failures to deliver, insolvency filings and hedging disruptions. The 2026 Capped Call Transactions do not meet the criteria for separate accounting as a derivative. The aggregate premium paid for the purchase of the 2026 Capped Calls of $18.5 million was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheets. In June 2020, in connection with the offering of the 2025 Notes, the Company entered privately negotiated capped call transactions with certain financial institutions (2025 Capped Calls). The 2025 Capped Calls have an initial strike price of approximately $12.60 per share, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2025 Notes. The 2025 Capped Calls cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the conversion rate of the 2025 Notes, the number of shares of Class A common stock initially underlying the 2025 Notes. The 2025 Capped Calls are expected generally to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s Class A common stock upon any conversion of the 2025 Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted 2025 Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap, initially equal to $17.1520, and is subject to certain adjustments under the terms of the 2025 Capped Call transactions. The 2025 Capped Calls will expire in December 2025, if not exercised earlier. The 2025 Capped Calls are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specified extraordinary events affecting the company, including merger events, tender offers and announcement events. In addition, the 2025 Capped Calls are subject to certain specified additional disruption events that may give rise to a termination of the 2025 Capped Calls, including nationalization, insolvency or delisting, changes in law, failures to deliver, insolvency filings and hedging disruptions. For accounting purposes, the 2025 Capped Calls are separate transactions, and not part of the terms of the Notes. The 2025 Capped Call Transactions do not meet the criteria for separate accounting as a derivative. The aggregate premium paid for the purchase of the 2025 Capped Calls of $15.6 million was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheets.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208564 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1B -Subparagraph (h) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1C -Subparagraph (c) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1I -Subparagraph (a) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1I -Subparagraph (d) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(c)) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1B -Subparagraph (g) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1C -Subparagraph (b) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1C -Subparagraph (a) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495334-112611 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1E -Subparagraph (b) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495348-112611 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1B -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1I -Subparagraph (b) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495371-112611 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1B -Subparagraph (i) -URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123466505&loc=SL123495323-112611 + Details
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