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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Revenue Recognition Revenues are derived from the sale of processed fruit, fresh fruit, other citrus revenue, revenues from grove management services, leasing revenue and other resource revenues. Most of the revenue is generated from the sale of citrus fruit to processing facilities, fresh fruit sales and grove management services. For fruit sales, the Company recognizes revenue in the amount it expects to be entitled to be paid, determined when control of the products or services is transferred to its customers, which occurs upon delivery of and acceptance of the fruit by the customer and when the Company has a right to payment. For the sale of fruit, the Company has identified one performance obligation, which is the delivery of fruit to the processing facility of the customer (or harvesting of the citrus in the case of fresh fruit) for each separate variety of fruit identified in the respective contract with the respective customer. The Company initially recognizes revenue in an amount which is estimated based on contractual and market prices, if such market price falls within the range (known as “floor” and “ceiling” prices) identified in the specific respective contracts. Additionally, the Company also has a contractual agreement whereby revenue is determined based on applying a cost-plus structure methodology. As such, since all these contracts contain elements of variable consideration, the Company recognizes this variable consideration by using the expected value method. On a quarterly basis, management reviews the reasonableness of the revenues accrued based on buyers’ and processors’ advances to growers, cash and futures markets and experience in the industry. Adjustments are made throughout the year to these estimates as more current relevant industry information becomes available. Differences between the estimates and the final realization of revenues at the close of the harvesting season can result in either an increase or decrease to reported revenues. Receivables under contracts, whereby pricing is based on contractual and market prices, are primarily paid at the floor amount and are collected within seven days after the harvest week. Any adjustments to pricing as a result of changes in market prices are generally collected or paid thirty to sixty days after final market pricing is published. Receivables under those contracts where pricing is based off a cost-plus structure methodology are paid at the final prior year rate. Any adjustments to pricing because of the cost-plus calculation are collected or paid upon finalization of the calculation and agreement by both parties. As of September 30, 2023, and September 30, 2022, the Company had total receivables relating to sales of citrus of $394 thousand and $171 thousand, respectively, recorded in Accounts Receivable, net, in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For grove management services, the Company has identified one performance obligation, which is the management of the third party’s groves. Grove management services include caretaking of the citrus groves, harvesting and hauling of citrus, management and coordination of citrus sales and other related activities. The Company is reimbursed for expenses incurred in the execution of its management duties and the Company receives a per acre management fee. The Company recognizes operating revenue, including a management fee, and corresponding operating expenses when such services are rendered and consumed. In June 2022, a group of third-party grove owners, who are affiliated with each other (collectively, the “Grove Owners”), for which the Company was managing groves under a Property Management Agreement executed on July 16, 2020 with the Grove Owners, under which the Company performed grove management services, terminated the management relationship under the Property Management Agreement with the Company as the Grove Owners decided to exit the citrus business. As a result, all services relating to this Property Management Agreement and the accompanying management fee and reimbursed costs associated with performing grove management services ceased as of June 10, 2022. The Company recorded $0, $10,598 thousand and $15,752 thousand of operating revenue relating to these grove management services, including the management fee, during the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company recorded $0, $9,711 thousand and $14,342 thousand of operating expenses relating to these grove management services during the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Disaggregated Revenue Revenues disaggregated by significant products and services for the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:
(in thousands) | Years Ended September 30,
2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Alico Citrus |  |  |  |  |
Early and Mid-Season | $ | 11,954 |  |  | $ | 28,287 |  |  | $ | 31,525 |
Valencias | 23,906 |  |  | 47,529 |  |  | 55,918 |
Fresh Fruit and other | 1,051 |  |  | 1,937 |  |  | 1,370 |
Grove Management Services | 1,234 |  |  | 11,928 |  |  | 16,983 |
Total | $ | 38,145 |  |  | $ | 89,681 |  |  | $ | 105,796 |
Land Management and Other Operations |  |  |  |  |
Land and Other Leasing | $ | 1,327 |  |  | $ | 1,655 |  |  | $ | 2,404 |
Other | 374 |  |  | 611 |  |  | 364 |
Total | $ | 1,701 |  |  | $ | 2,266 |  |  | $ | 2,768 |
Total Revenues | $ | 39,846 |  |  | $ | 91,947 |  |  | $ | 108,564 |
Fair Value Measurements The Company categorizes its financial instruments measured at fair value into a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in pricing the asset or liability into a three-tier fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows: •Level 1 – Observable inputs such as quoted market prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets; •Level 2 – Inputs, other than the quoted prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets, for which significant other observable market inputs are readily available; and •Level 3 – Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, such as internally developed valuation models which require the reporting entity to develop its own assumptions. The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short term and immediate nature of these financial instruments. The carrying amounts and estimated fair values (Level 2) of debt instruments are as follows:
(in thousands) | September 30, 2023 |  | September 30, 2022
| Carrying Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value
Corporate debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current long-term debt | $ | 2,566 |  |  | $ | 2,325 |  |  | $ | 3,035 |  |  | $ | 2,847 |
Long-term debt | $ | 126,753 |  |  | $ | 115,851 |  |  | $ | 108,589 |  |  | $ | 102,558 |
As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any assets held for sale that had been measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers cash in banks and highly liquid instruments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents. At various times throughout the year ended September 30, and as of September 30, 2023, some accounts held at financial institutions were in excess of the federally insured limit of $250 thousand. The Company has not experienced any losses on these accounts and believes credit risk to be minimal. Restricted Cash Restricted cash is comprised of cash received from the sale of certain assets in which the use of funds is restricted. For certain sales transactions, the Company sells property which serves as collateral for specific debt obligations and/or for which the Company intends to complete a (“1031 Exchange”) under section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code. A 1031 Exchange allows a taxpayer to defer all or a portion of income taxes on the sale of real property provided it can identify replacement real property within 45 days and close on the purchase of the replacement real property within 180 days after the closing of the initial sale. If an acceptable transaction is not consummated within this time period, the Company will need to pay income taxes on the gain from the sales transaction. Accounts receivable Accounts receivable from customers are generated from revenues based on the sale of citrus, grove management, leasing and other transactions. The Company grants credit in the course of its operations to third party customers. The Company performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition and generally does not require collateral. The Company provides an allowance for doubtful accounts for amounts which are not probable of collection. The estimate, evaluated quarterly by the Company, is based on historical collection experience, current macroeconomic climate and market conditions and a review of the current status of each customer’s account. Changes in the financial viability of significant customers and worsening of economic conditions may require changes to its estimate of the recoverability of the receivables. Such changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which these changes become known. The bad debt expense is included in general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The following table presents accounts receivable, net, as of September 30, 2023 and 2022:
(in thousands) | September 30,
2023 |  | 2022
Accounts receivable | $ | 726 |  |  | $ | 338 |
Allowance for doubtful accounts | (14) |  |  | (14) |
Accounts receivable, net | $ | 712 |  |  | $ | 324 |
Concentrations Accounts receivable from the Company’s major customer as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, and revenue from such customer for the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, are as follows:
(in thousands) | Accounts Receivable |  | Revenue |  | % of Total Revenue
2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Tropicana | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,403 |  |  | $ | 73,791 |  |  | $ | 84,136 |  |  | 81.3 | % |  | 79.7 | % |  | 77.5 | %
The citrus industry is subject to various factors over which growers have limited or no control, including weather conditions, disease, pestilence, water supply and market price fluctuations. Market prices are highly sensitive to aggregate domestic and foreign crop sizes, as well as factors including, but not limited to, weather and competition from foreign countries. The overall increase in Tropicana revenue, as a percentage of sales, was primarily due to lower caretaking revenue due to the termination in June 2022 of the agreement entered into in July 2020 with a group of third-party grove owners, who were affiliated with each other, to provide citrus grove caretaking and harvest and haul management services for 7,000 acres owned by such third parties. Under the terms of this agreement, the Company was reimbursed by the third parties for all its costs incurred related to providing these services and received a management fee based on acres covered under this agreement. The Company records both an increase in revenues and expenses when the Company provides these citrus grove caretaking management services. Real Estate In February 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-05, “Other Income – Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets” (ASC 610-20): This standard clarified the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets and clarified the scope and application of ASC 610-20 on the sale, transfer, and derecognition of nonfinancial assets and in substance nonfinancial assets to non-customers, including partial sales. The standard provided guidance on how gains and losses on transfers of nonfinancial assets and in substance nonfinancial assets to non-customers are recognized. The Company recognizes a gain on the sale of real estate as outlined by ASC 610-20. Inventories The costs of growing crops, including but not limited to labor, fertilization, fuel, crop nutrition, irrigation, and depreciation, are capitalized into inventory throughout the respective crop year. Such costs are expensed as cost of sales when the crops are harvested and are recorded as operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost for unharvested citrus crops is based on accumulated production costs incurred during the period from January 1 through the balance sheet date. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization. Major improvements are capitalized while expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed when incurred. Costs related to the development of citrus groves through planting of trees are capitalized. Such costs include land clearing, excavation and construction of ditches, dikes, roads, and reservoirs, among other costs. After the planting, caretaking costs or pre-productive maintenance costs are capitalized for 4 years. After 4 years, a planting is considered to have reached maturity and the accumulated costs are depreciated over 25 years, except for land clearing and excavation, which are considered costs of land and not depreciated. Real estate costs incurred for the acquisition, development and construction of real estate projects are capitalized. Depreciation is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the depreciable assets, with the exception of leasehold improvements and assets acquired through capital leases, which are depreciated over their estimated useful lives if the lease transfers ownership or contains a bargain purchase option, otherwise the term of the lease. The estimated useful lives for property and equipment are primarily as follows:
Citrus trees | 25 years
Equipment and other facilities | 3-20 years
Buildings and improvements | 15-39 years
Changes in circumstances, such as technological advances, or changes to our business model or capital strategy could result in the actual useful lives differing from the original estimates. In those cases where the Company determines that the useful life of property and equipment should be shortened, Alico depreciates the asset over its revised estimated remaining useful life, thereby increasing depreciation expense (see Note 5. Property and Equipment, Net for further information). Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or asset group may not be recoverable. The Company records impairment losses on long-lived assets used in operations, or asset group, when events and circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired and the estimated cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) to be generated by those assets or asset group over the remaining lives of the assets or asset group are less than the carrying amounts of those assets. In calculating impairments and the estimated cash flows, the Company assigns its asset groups by determining the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of the other Company assets. The net carrying values of assets or asset group not recoverable are reduced to their fair values. Alico’s cash flow estimates are based on historical results adjusted to reflect best estimates of future market conditions and operating conditions. For the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not recognize any impairment of long-lived assets. As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, long-lived assets were comprised of property and equipment. Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of acquired businesses over the fair value of the assets acquired less liabilities assumed in connection with such acquisition. In accordance with the provisions of ASC 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other, goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives acquired in an acquisition are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment at least annually, on the same date, or more frequently, should an event occur or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may be impaired. Such events or circumstances may be a significant change in business climate, economic and industry trends, legal factors, negative operating performance indicators, significant competition, changes in strategy or disposition of a reporting unit or a portion thereof. The carrying value of goodwill is tested for impairment annually as of September 30, and, additionally on an interim basis, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. The accounting standards for goodwill allow for the assessment of qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. If the Company does not utilize a qualitative assessment approach, then the quantitative goodwill impairment test is utilized to identify potential impairments. The Company identifies any potential impairment by comparing the carrying value of a reporting unit to its fair value. The Company typically determines the fair value of its reporting units using a discounted cash flow valuation approach. If a potential impairment is identified, the Company will determine the amount of goodwill impairment by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, no impairment was required. Other Non-Current Assets Other non-current assets primarily include intangible assets relating to mineral rights, water permits, right-of-use assets relating to lease obligations, investments owned in agricultural cooperatives, cash surrender value on life insurance, and deposits on the purchase of citrus trees. Investments in stock related to agricultural cooperatives are carried at cost. Income Taxes The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for deferred income taxes. The provision for income taxes includes income taxes currently payable and those deferred as a result of temporary differences between the financial statements and the income tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in income tax rates on deferred income tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income or loss in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is provided to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount of future tax benefit when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Projected future taxable income and ongoing tax planning strategies are considered and evaluated when assessing the need for a valuation allowance. Any increase or decrease in a valuation allowance could have a material adverse or beneficial impact on the Company’s income tax provision and net income or loss in the period the determination is made. See Note 9. Income Taxes for detail of valuation allowances recognized during the year ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which a change in judgment occurs. The Company records interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. Earnings per Share Basic earnings per share for the Company’s common stock is calculated by dividing net income attributable to Alico common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per common share is similarly calculated, except that the calculation includes the dilutive effect of the assumed issuance of shares of common stock issuable under equity-based compensation plans in accordance with the treasury stock method, or any other type of securities convertible into common stock, except where the inclusion of such common shares would have an anti-dilutive effect. The following table presents a reconciliation of basic to diluted weighted average common shares outstanding for the years ended September 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
(in thousands) | Years Ended September 30,
2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Basic | 7,602 |  | 7,560 |  | 7,516
Effect of dilutive securities – stock options and unrestricted stock | — |  | 8 |  | 3
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding – Diluted | 7,602 |  | 7,568 |  | 7,519
Non-vested restricted shares of common stock entitle the holder to receive non-forfeitable dividends upon issuance and are included in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share. Stock-Based Compensation Stock-based compensation is measured based on the fair value of the equity award at the grant date and is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Upon the vesting of restricted stock, the Company issues common stock from common shares held in treasury. The Company recognizes the impact of forfeitures as they occur. See Note 8. Stock-based Compensation for a discussion of the Company’s stock-based compensation plans.

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