On February 28, 2024, the Company entered into a lease agreement with 7495 RP, LLC, or the Landlord, pursuant to which it agreed to lease from the Landlord the manufacturing space located at 7495 New Horizon Way, Frederick, Maryland, or the Frederick Lease Agreement. The space consists of 19,199 leasable square feet of integrated manufacturing and office space. The lease commenced on May 1, 2024 which was the date the Landlord delivered full possession of the premises to the Company. The Frederick Lease Agreement will terminate approximately 7.2 years following the commencement date. The Company will have one option to extend the term of the Frederick Lease Agreement for a period of five years at a cost of 100% of the then-fair market value, not to exceed 103% of the then-current base rent.

Base rent, which was due beginning on July 1, 2024, is $0.9 million annually and is subject to an annual upward adjustment of 3% of the then-current rental rate. In addition, the Company is obligated to pay its share of operating costs and taxes related to the property. The Company paid the first month’s rent of $0.1 million upon execution of the Frederick Lease Agreement.

The Company assessed the classification of the lease at the commencement date and concluded it should be accounted for as an operating lease. The Company recorded a lease liability and right-of-use asset of $3.6 million and $3.7 million, respectively, on the commencement date. The Frederick Lease Agreement includes a tenant improvement allowance of up to $0.7 million which was recognized as a reduction in the right-of-use asset and lease liability at the commencement date as the Company was reasonably certain to incur reimbursable costs related to alterations equal to or exceeding the amount. Additionally, the prepaid rent was included as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset. The discount rate of 14% was determined based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate adjusted for the lease term, including any reasonably certain renewal periods.

Effective May 7, 2024, the Company and the Landlord entered into the first amendment to the Frederick Lease Agreement, or the First Frederick Lease Agreement Amendment, providing for the expansion of the premises leased pursuant to the Frederick Lease Agreement by approximately 7,842 square feet. In connection with the expansion of the leased premises, the Company is obligated to pay $0.3 million in additional annual base rent for the first year of the term, which is subject to an annual upward adjustment of 3% of the then-current rental rate, as well as its share of operating costs and taxes. The lease commenced on May 7, 2024 which was the date the Landlord delivered full possession of the premises to the Company and will be coterminous with the Frederick Lease Agreement. The rent commencement date was September 1, 2024.

The Company assessed the classification of the lease at the commencement date and concluded it should be accounted for as an operating lease. The Company recorded a lease liability and right-of-use asset each of $1.2 million on the commencement date. The First Frederick Lease Agreement Amendment includes a tenant improvement allowance of up to $0.1 million which was recognized as a reduction in the right-of-use asset and lease liability at the commencement date as the Company was reasonably certain to incur reimbursable costs related to alterations equal to or exceeding the amount. The discount rate of 14% was determined based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate adjusted for the lease term.

Effective August 30, 2024, the Company and the Landlord entered into the second amendment to the Frederick Lease Agreement, or the Second Frederick Lease Agreement Amendment, providing for the expansion of the premises leased pursuant to the Frederick Lease Agreement and First Frederick Lease Agreement Amendment by approximately 2,009 square feet. In connection with the expansion of the leased premises, the Company is obligated to pay $0.1 million in additional annual base rent for the first year of the term, which is subject to an annual upward adjustment of 3% of the then-current rental rate, as well as its share of operating costs and taxes. The lease commenced on September 1, 2024, which was the date the Landlord

The Company assessed the classification of the lease at the commencement date and concluded it should be accounted for as an operating lease. The Company recorded a lease liability and right-of-use asset each of $0.3 million on the commencement date. The discount rate of 14% was determined based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate adjusted for the lease term.

On March 13, 2025, the Company and the Landlord entered into the third amendment to the Frederick Lease Agreement, or the Third Frederick Lease Agreement Amendment, providing for the expansion of the premises leased pursuant to the Frederick Lease Agreement by approximately 6,439 square feet. The Third Frederick Lease Agreement Amendment is expected to become effective on May 12, 2025. In connection with the expansion of the leased premises, the Company is obligated to pay $0.2 million in additional annual base rent for the first year of the term, which is subject to an annual upward adjustment of 3% of the then-current rental rate, as well as its share of operating costs and taxes. The initial term of the Third Frederick Lease Agreement Amendment is expected to commence on September 1, 2025 once the Landlord delivers full possession of the premises to the Company and will be coterminous with the Frederick Lease Agreement, the First Frederick Lease Agreement Amendment and the Second Frederick Lease Agreement Amendment.

The Company secured a letter of credit from Silicon Valley Bank, a division of First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company (successor by purchase to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation as Receiver for Silicon Valley Bridge Bank, N.A. (as successor to Silicon Valley Bank)), or SVB, for $0.3 million for the Frederick Lease Agreement, the First Frederick Lease Agreement Amendment and the Second Frederick Lease Agreement Amendment, which is recognized as long-term restricted cash as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and renews automatically each year.

In July 2019, the Company entered into a lease with BRE-BMR Grove LLC for 25,078 square feet of laboratory and office space located at 65 Grove Street, Watertown, Massachusetts, or the Watertown Lease Agreement. As part of the Watertown Lease Agreement, the Company incurred $0.8 million in on-reimbursable construction costs. The lease began in March 2020, when the Company took control of the office space, and the lease term is eight years. The discount rate of 8.9% was determined based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate adjusted for the lease term, including any reasonably certain renewal periods. In connection with the Watertown Lease Agreement, the Company secured a letter of credit from SVB for $1.6 million.

On September 1, 2022, the Company entered into an amendment to the Watertown Lease, or the Watertown Lease Agreement Amendment, to expand the Company’s laboratory and office space located at 65 Grove Street, Watertown, Massachusetts by approximately 7,216 square feet. The lease term began on September 1, 2022, consistent with when the Company took control of the office space and expected lease term is 5.7 years. The discount rate of 11.3% was determined based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate adjusted for the lease term including any reasonably certain renewal periods. Rent payments began in November 2022, and the base rent for the first year is $0.1 million per month. The Company recorded the right-of-use asset and operating lease liabilities of $3.2 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 as control of the premises was transferred to the Company during such year.

On October 6, 2022, the Company entered into a sublease agreement to sublease 7,216 square feet of space currently rented by the Company at 65 Grove Street, Watertown, Massachusetts. The sublease commenced on October 24, 2022. The term of the sublease expired on March 31, 2024 with no option to extend the sublease term. Sublease income is included within other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

As a result of the sublease agreement, rent payments to BRE-BMR Grove LLC for the lease of the office space increased. The change of consideration in the contract was accounted for as a lease modification and the right-of-use asset and lease liability were remeasured at the modification date of October 24, 2022. The discount rate of 11.9% was determined based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate adjusted for the lease term including any reasonably certain renewal periods as of October 24, 2022, resulting in a decrease of less than $0.1 million to both the right-of-use asset and lease liabilities.

In May 2023, the Company received notice from BRE-BMR Grove LLC that the requirements to reduce the amount of the letter of credit for the Watertown Lease had been met. In connection therewith, in June 2023, the Company secured a letter of credit from JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. for $1.4 million, which is recognized as long-term restricted cash as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, and renews automatically each year. The $1.6 million letter of credit with SVB was released from restriction and returned to the Company on July 17, 2023, and therefore was reclassified into cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets.

On October 31, 2023, in connection with entering into Amendment No. 1 to the Sobi License as described in Note 13, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with Sobi to sublease approximately 5,600 square feet of space currently rented by the Company at 65 Grove Street, Watertown, Massachusetts for which Sobi paid $1.0 million upfront rental payment. The sublease commenced on November 6, 2023. The term of this sublease expired on November 5, 2024. Sublease income is included within other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company determined that the right-of-use asset related to the operating lease for approximately 7,216 square feet at 65 Grove Street was partially impaired as of November 30, 2023. As a result, the Company recognized a $0.7 million right-of-use asset impairment charge in the year ended December 31, 2023.

As a result of the expiration of the sublease to Sobi in November 2024 and the Company’s decision to cease use of its office and laboratory space at 65 Grove Street, Watertown, Massachusetts, the Company assessed the right-of-use assets and related furniture and fixtures associated with the Watertown Lease Agreement and Watertown Lease Agreement Amendment for impairment. The carrying value of each asset group was compared against the future net undiscounted cash flows projected to be generate over the remaining lease terms. These projections included management’s estimates off cash inflows from potential sublease income. The carrying amount of the asset groups was found to be unrecoverable, thus the Company assessed the fair value of each asset group. The fair value was determined using the income approach, whereby the Company discounted the estimated net cash flows using a rate commensurate with the Company’s estimated incremental borrowing rate. As a result of this assessment, which included unrecoverable operating and maintenance costs, the Company determined that each asset group was fully impaired. As such, an impairment charge of $7.6 million was recognized during the year ended December 31, 2024, $7.4 million of which related to the right-of-use assets and $0.2 million related to property and equipment.

In connection with the Merger, the Company acquired two operating leases for office and laboratory space in Gaithersburg, Maryland. These leases expire in January 2027 and do not contain any renewal rights. The discount rate of 11.5% was determined based on the Company’s incremental borrowing rate adjusted for the lease term.

The changes in the Company’s right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 are reflected in the non-cash lease expense and accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated statements of cash flows.