Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

As used in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, the terms “Scripps,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us” may, depending on the context, refer to The E.W. Scripps Company, to one or more of its consolidated subsidiary companies or to all of them taken as a whole.

Nature of Operations — We are a diverse media enterprise, serving audiences and businesses through a portfolio of local and national media brands. All of our media businesses provide content and advertising services via digital platforms, including the Internet, smartphones and tablets. Our media businesses are organized into the following reportable business segments: Local Media, National Media and Other.

On April 1, 2015, we distributed our newspaper business to our shareholders in a tax-free spin-off. In the fourth quarter of 2017, we began the process to divest our radio business. As of December 31, 2017, we have classified the radio segment as held for sale in our Consolidated Balance Sheets and reported its results as discontinued operations in our Consolidated Statement of Operations. For additional information on the spin-off of our newspaper business and our radio business classified as held for sale, see Note 21.

Concentration Risks — Our operations are geographically dispersed and we have a diverse customer base. We believe bad debt losses resulting from default by a single customer, or defaults by customers in any depressed region or business sector, would not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

We derive approximately

65% of our operating revenues from marketing services, including advertising. Changes in the demand for such services, both nationally and in individual markets, can affect operating results.

Use of Estimates — Preparing financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires us to make a variety of decisions that affect the reported amounts and the related disclosures. Such decisions include the selection of accounting principles that reflect the economic substance of the underlying transactions and the assumptions on which to base accounting estimates. In reaching such decisions, we apply judgment based on our understanding and analysis of the relevant circumstances, including our historical experience, actuarial studies and other assumptions.

Our financial statements include estimates and assumptions used in accounting for our defined benefit pension plans; the periods over which long-lived assets are depreciated or amortized; the fair value of long-lived assets, goodwill and indefinite lived assets; the liability for uncertain tax positions and valuation allowances against deferred income tax assets; the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations; and self-insured risks.

While we re-evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis, actual results could differ from those estimated at the time of preparation of the financial statements.

Consolidation — The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of The E.W. Scripps Company and its majority-owned subsidiary companies. Investments in 20%-to-50%-owned companies where we exert significant influence and all 50%-or-less-owned partnerships and limited liability companies are accounted for using the equity method. We do not hold any interests in variable interest entities. All significant intercompany transactions have been eliminated.

Revenue Recognition — We recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of a sales arrangement exists, delivery occurs or services are rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. When a sales arrangement contains multiple elements, such as the sale of advertising and other services, we allocate revenue to each element based upon its relative fair value. We report revenue net of sales and other taxes collected from our customers.

Our primary sources of revenue are from the sale of media advertising, as well as retransmission and carriage fees received from cable operators and satellite carriers.

Revenue recognition policies for each source of revenue are outlined below.

Advertising — Broadcast and digital advertising revenue is recognized, net of agency commissions, when we air the advertisements.

Television advertising arrangements may guarantee the advertiser a minimum audience. We provide the advertiser with additional advertising time if we do not deliver the guaranteed audience size. We recognize broadcast advertising revenue as the guaranteed minimum audience is delivered.

Retransmission and carriage — Our local television stations derive revenues from cable operators and satellite carriers for the retransmission of our broadcast signal based on the number of subscribers in our market. Our Newsy cable network receives carriage fees from cable operators for the right to distribute its programming based on the number of subscribers and contracted programming rates. We recognize retransmission and carriage revenues based on the contractual terms and rates.

Other revenues — We derive revenues from sponsorships and community events through our Local Media segment. Our National Media segment offers subscription services for access to premium content to its consumers. Our podcast business acts as a sales and marketing representative and earns commissions for its work.

Cash Equivalents — Cash equivalents represent highly liquid investments with maturity of less than three months when acquired.

Trade Receivables — We extend credit to customers based upon our assessment of the customer’s financial condition. Collateral is generally not required from customers. We base allowances for credit losses upon trends, economic conditions, review of aging categories, specific identification of customers at risk of default and historical experience. We require advance payment from political advertisers.

A rollforward of the allowance for doubtful accounts is as follows:



(in thousands)

January 1, 2015	$	1,390
Charged to costs and expenses	1,322
Amounts charged off, net	(1,195		)
Balance as of December 31, 2015	1,517
Charged to costs and expenses	1,601
Amounts charged off, net	(1,628		)
Balance as of December 31, 2016	1,490
Charged to costs and expenses	1,407
Amounts charged off, net	(948		)
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	1,949

Investments — From time to time, we make investments in private companies. Investment securities can be impacted by various market risks, including interest rate risk, credit risk and overall market volatility. Due to the level of risk associated with certain investment securities, it is reasonably possible that changes in the values of investment securities will occur in the near term. Such changes could materially affect the amounts reported in our financial statements.

We record investments in private companies not accounted for under the equity method at cost, net of impairment write-downs, because no readily determinable market price is available.

We regularly review our investments to determine if there has been any other-than-temporary decline in value. These reviews require management judgments that often include estimating the outcome of future events and determining whether factors exist that indicate impairment has occurred. We evaluate, among other factors, the extent to which cost exceeds fair value; the duration of the decline in fair value below cost; and the current cash position, earnings and cash forecasts and near term prospects of the investee. We reduce the cost basis when a decline in fair value below cost is determined to be other than temporary, with the resulting adjustment charged against earnings.

Network Launch Incentives — We may incur cash payments to cable and satellite operators for the initial long-term distribution agreements ("network launch incentives"). These fees are amortized over the life of the contract as expense in relation to a ratio of the periods revenue to the estimated total revenues over the term of the respective contract.

Property and Equipment — Property and equipment is carried at cost less depreciation. We compute depreciation using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives as follows:



Buildings and improvements	15 to 45 years
Leasehold improvements	Shorter of term of lease or useful life
Broadcast transmission towers and related equipment	15 to 35 years
Other broadcast and program production equipment	3 to 15 years
Computer hardware	3 to 5 years
Office and other equipment	3 to 10 years

Programming — Programming includes the cost of national television network programming, programming produced by us or for us by independent production companies and programs licensed under agreements with independent producers.

Our network affiliation agreements require the payment of affiliation fees to the network. Network affiliation fees consist of pre-determined fixed fees in all cases and variable payments based on a share of retransmission revenues above the fixed fees for some of our agreements.

Program licenses principally consist of television series and films. Program licenses generally have fixed terms, limit the number of times we can air the programs and require payments over the terms of the licenses. We record licensed program assets and liabilities when the license period has commenced and the programs are available for broadcast. We do not discount program licenses for imputed interest. We amortize program licenses based upon expected cash flows over the term of the license agreement or on a straight line basis. We classify the portion of the unamortized balance expected to be amortized within one year as a current asset.

The costs of programming produced by us or for us by independent production companies are expensed over the course of the television season. Internal costs, including employee compensation and benefits, to produce daily or live broadcast shows, such as news, sports or daily magazine shows, are expensed as incurred and are not classified in our Consolidated Statements of Operations as program costs, but are classified based on the type of cost incurred.

We review the net realizable value of programs and program licenses for impairment using a day-part methodology if the programming is for our local broadcast stations, whereby programs broadcast during a particular time period, such as prime time, are evaluated on an aggregate basis. Programming for our over-the-air broadcast network is reviewed for impairment using the individual network methodology.

Program rights liabilities payable within the next twelve months are included as current liabilities and noncurrent program rights liabilities are included in other noncurrent liabilities.

Goodwill and Other Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets — Goodwill represents the cost of acquisitions in excess of the acquired businesses’ tangible assets and identifiable intangible assets.

FCC licenses represent the value assigned to the broadcast licenses of acquired broadcast television stations. Broadcast television stations are subject to the jurisdiction of the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) which prohibits the operation of stations except in accordance with an FCC license. FCC licenses stipulate each station’s operating parameters as defined by channels, effective radiated power and antenna height. FCC licenses are granted for a term of up to eight years, and are renewable upon request. We have never had a renewal request denied and all previous renewals have been for the maximum term.

We do not amortize goodwill or our FCC licenses, but we review them for impairment at least annually or any time events occur or conditions change that would indicate it is more likely than not the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying value. We perform our annual impairment review during the fourth quarter of each year in conjunction with our annual planning cycle. We also assess, at least annually, whether our FCC licenses, classified as indefinite-lived intangible assets, continue to have indefinite lives.

We review goodwill for impairment based upon our reporting units, which are defined as operating segments or groupings of businesses one level below the operating segment level. Reporting units with similar economic characteristics are aggregated into a single unit when testing goodwill for impairment. Our reporting units are our Local Media group, Katz, Midroll and Newsy. As a result of our new segment structure, we considered if there was any goodwill impairment immediately prior to the realignment and determined that there was no impairment.

Amortizable Intangible Assets — Television network affiliations represents the value assigned to an acquired broadcast television station’s relationship with a national television network. Television stations affiliated with national television networks typically have greater profit margins than independent television stations, primarily due to audience recognition of the television station as a network affiliate. We amortize these network affiliation relationships on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives of 20 years.

We amortize customer lists and other intangible assets in relation to their expected future cash flows over estimated useful lives of up to 20 years.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets — We review long-lived assets (primarily property and equipment and amortizable intangible assets) for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate the carrying amounts of the assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability is determined by comparing the aggregate forecasted undiscounted cash flows derived from the operation of the assets to the carrying amount of the assets. If the aggregate undiscounted cash flow is less than the carrying amount of the assets, then amortizable intangible assets are written down first, followed by other long-lived assets, to fair value. We determine fair value based on discounted cash flows or appraisals. We report long-lived assets to be disposed of at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.

Self-Insured Risks — We are self-insured, up to certain limits, for general and automobile liability, employee health, disability and workers’ compensation claims and certain other risks. Estimated liabilities for unpaid claims totaled $9.8 million and $10.6 million at December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. We estimate liabilities for unpaid claims using actuarial methodologies and our historical claims experience. While we re-evaluate our assumptions and review our claims experience on an ongoing basis, actual claims paid could vary significantly from estimated claims, which would require adjustments to expense. Based on the terms of the Master Transaction Agreement from the Journal transactions, Scripps remains the primary obligor for newspaper insurance claims incurred prior to April 1, 2015. We recorded the liabilities related to these claims on our Consolidated Balance Sheets with an offsetting receivable of $1.7 million, which will be paid by Journal Media Group.

Income Taxes — We recognize deferred income taxes for temporary differences between the tax basis and reported amounts of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in future years. We establish a valuation allowance if we believe that it is more likely than not that we will not realize some or all of the deferred tax assets.

We record a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or that we expect to take in a tax return. Interest and penalties associated with such tax positions are included in the tax provision. The liability for additional taxes and interest is included in other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Risk Management Contracts — We do not hold derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes and we do not hold leveraged contracts. From time to time, we may use derivative financial instruments to limit the impact of interest rate fluctuations on our earnings and cash flows.

Stock-Based Compensation — We have a Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) which is described more fully in Note 17. The Plan provides for the award of incentive and nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock units (RSUs) and unrestricted Class A Common shares and performance units to key employees and non-employee directors.

We recognize compensation cost based on the grant-date fair value of the award. We determine the fair value of awards that grant the employee the underlying shares by the fair value of a Class A Common share on the date of the award.

Certain awards of RSUs have performance conditions under which the number of shares granted is determined by the extent to which such performance conditions are met (“Performance Shares”). Compensation costs for such awards are measured by the grant-date fair value of a Class A Common share and the number of shares earned. In periods prior to completion of the performance period, compensation costs are based upon estimates of the number of shares that will be earned.

Compensation costs are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the award. The impact of forfeitures are recognized as they occur. The requisite service period is generally the vesting period stated in the award. Grants to retirement-eligible employees are expensed immediately and grants to employees who will become retirement eligible prior to the end of the stated vesting period are expensed over such shorter period because stock compensation grants vest upon the retirement of the employee.

Earnings Per Share (“EPS”) — Unvested awards of share-based payments with rights to receive dividends or dividend equivalents, such as our RSUs, are considered participating securities for purposes of calculating EPS. Under the two-class method, we allocate a portion of net income to these participating securities and therefore exclude that income from the calculation of EPS for common stock. We do not allocate losses to the participating securities.

The following table presents information about basic and diluted weighted-average shares outstanding:



	For the years ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2017			2016			2015

Numerator (for basic and diluted earnings per share)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations	$	(12,022	)	$	59,922		$	(73,872	)
Loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	1,511			—			—
Income allocated to RSUs	—			(817		)	—
Numerator for basic and diluted earnings per share from continuing operations attributable to the shareholders of The E.W. Scripps Company	$	(10,511	)	$	59,105		$	(73,872	)
Denominator
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding	82,052			83,339			77,373
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options held by employees and directors	—			300			—
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding	82,052			83,639			77,373
Anti-dilutive securities⁽¹⁾	1,220			—			1,907


⁽¹⁾	Amount outstanding at balance sheet date, before application of the treasury stock method and not weighted for period outstanding.

For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2015, we incurred a net loss and the inclusion of RSUs and stock options would have been anti-dilutive, and accordingly the diluted EPS calculation for the period excludes those common share equivalents.