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Variable Interest Entities | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2024
Variable Interest Entities [Abstract] |
Variable Interest Entities | 3. Variable Interest Entities See section under the heading “Variable Interest Entities” within Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements in the Partnership’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for the Partnership’s policies regarding accounting for Variable Interest Entities. Non-Consolidated Variable Interest Entities The Partnership acquires investments in the form of MRBs, taxable MRBs, GILs, taxable GILs, and property loans to finance the construction and/or operation of affordable multifamily properties that are obligations of the property-owning entity, which is considered the borrower entity. The Partnership’s individual investment assets are considered debt obligations of each individual borrower entity, and the investment assets are secured by a mortgage on real and personal property of the respective borrower entity. The Partnership’s associated investment asset(s) is considered a variable interest in the borrower entity as the Partnership will absorb losses of the VIEs if the borrower entities are unable to repay the outstanding principal of the respective MRBs, taxable MRBs, GILs, taxable GILs, and property loans. The Partnership evaluates whether each borrower entity is a VIE under the accounting guidance, and if so, the Partnership performs an evaluation to determine if the Partnership is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. When evaluating whether the Partnership is the primary beneficiary of a VIE, the Partnership identifies the rights that grant the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, which are those rights to manage regular property operations of the VIE, to sell the assets of the VIE, or to refinance the debt of the VIE. Generally, all such rights are held by the equity investors in the VIE and not the Partnership. As a result, the Partnership is not considered the primary beneficiary and does not consolidate the financial statements of these VIEs in the Partnership’s condensed consolidated financial statements. The Partnership reports its investments in the MRBs, taxable MRBs, GILs, taxable GILs, and property loans on the Partnership’s consolidated balance sheet and the related interest income on the Partnership’s consolidated statement of operations. The Partnership also makes equity investments in entities formed for the construction, operation and sale of market-rate multifamily or seniors housing properties (Note 7). The Partnership’s equity investments in these VIEs are considered variable interests as the Partnership, and the respective managing members, are entitled to returns and absorb losses from the underlying properties according to the entities’ respective operating agreements. The Partnership has determined that the underlying investee entities are VIEs for financial reporting purposes and the Partnership performs an evaluation to determine if the Partnership is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. The Partnership and the respective managing members have various rights within the respective operating agreement for each VIE. When evaluating whether the Partnership is the primary beneficiary of a VIE, it identifies the rights that grant the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s performance, which are those rights to manage regular property operations of the VIE, to sell the assets of the VIE, or to refinance the debt of the VIE. Generally, all such rights are held by the managing members of the VIE. In addition, the Partnership does not have kick-out rights or substantive participating rights. As a result, the Partnership is not considered the primary beneficiary and does not consolidate the financial statements of these VIEs in the Partnership’s condensed consolidated financial statements, with one exception as disclosed in the “Consolidated Variable Interest Entities” section below. The Partnership reports its equity investments in the VIEs as “Investments in unconsolidated entities” on the Partnership’s consolidated balance sheet and the related preferred return, earnings (losses) from investments in unconsolidated entities, and gains on sale on the Partnership’s consolidated statement of operations. The Partnership held variable interests in 29 and 33 non-consolidated VIEs as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The following table summarizes the Partnership’s carrying value by asset and maximum exposure to loss associated with the variable interests as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
|  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
|  | Carrying Value |  |  | Maximum Exposure to Loss |  |  | Carrying Value |  |  | Maximum Exposure to Loss |
Mortgage revenue bonds held in trust |  | $ | 185,500,043 |  |  | $ | 179,022,565 |  |  | $ | 101,785,909 |  |  | $ | 95,186,213 |
Mortgage revenue bonds |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,450,188 |  |  |  | 3,150,000 |
Taxable mortgage revenue bonds (reported within other assets) |  |  | 1,997,271 |  |  |  | 2,008,876 |  |  |  | 13,488,560 |  |  |  | 13,520,631 |
Governmental issuer loans held in trust |  |  | 184,499,628 |  |  |  | 184,499,628 |  |  |  | 202,547,300 |  |  |  | 202,547,300 |
Taxable governmental issuer loans (reported within other assets) |  |  | 3,157,672 |  |  |  | 3,157,672 |  |  |  | 13,573,000 |  |  |  | 13,573,000 |
Property loans |  |  | 40,832,992 |  |  |  | 40,832,992 |  |  |  | 107,511,750 |  |  |  | 107,511,750 |
Investments in unconsolidated entities |  |  | 168,743,254 |  |  |  | 168,743,254 |  |  |  | 136,653,246 |  |  |  | 136,653,246 |
|  | $ | 584,730,860 |  |  | $ | 578,264,987 |  |  | $ | 579,009,953 |  |  | $ | 572,142,140 |
The Partnership’s maximum exposure to loss for non-consolidated VIEs associated with the MRBs and taxable MRBs as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is equal to the Partnership’s cost basis adjusted for paydowns. The difference between the carrying values in the Partnership's condensed consolidated balance sheets and the maximum exposure to loss is due to the unrealized gains or losses. The Partnership has future MRB and taxable MRB funding commitments related to non-consolidated VIEs totaling $56.4 million and $15.4 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2024 (Note 16). The Partnership’s maximum exposure to loss for non-consolidated VIEs associated with GILs, taxable GILs, property loans and investments in unconsolidated entities as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 is equal to the Partnership’s carrying value. The Partnership has future GIL, taxable GIL, property loan and investment in unconsolidated entities funding commitments related to non-consolidated VIEs totaling $19.3 million, $53.4 million, $0.5 million, and $28.7 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2024 (Note 16). Consolidated Variable Interest Entities The Partnership obtains leverage on its investment assets to enhance returns and lower its net capital investment. The Partnership’s leverage programs generally consist of selling MRBs, taxable MRBs, GILs, taxable GILs, and property loans into debt financing entities in the form of TOBs, a term TOB, TEBS financings, and the TEBS Residual Financing. These debt financing entities issue senior securities and residual beneficial interests that share in the cash flows from the securitized investment assets. The senior securities are sold to third-party investors for cash and the Partnership retains the residual beneficial interests. The Partnership determined that its residual beneficial interest in a debt financing entity absorbs potential losses of the entity as the interests are in a first-loss position and subordinate to the senior securities in the distribution of cash flows of the debt financing entity. The Partnership has determined that each debt financing entity is a VIE for financial reporting purposes and the Partnership performs an evaluation to determine if the Partnership is the primary beneficiary of the VIE. In determining the primary beneficiary of each VIE, the Partnership considered which party has the power to control the activities of the VIE which most significantly impact its financial performance and the obligation to absorb losses or rights to receive benefits of the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Partnership determined that the right to direct the VIE to sell the underlying assets most significantly impacts the economic performance of the VIE, and such right is held by the Partnership through its ownership of the residual beneficial interest. The Partnership has the obligation to absorb losses that could potentially be significant to the VIE given its first-loss position noted previously. As the Partnership meets both primary beneficiary criteria, it is considered the primary beneficiary of the VIEs and reports the VIEs on a consolidated basis. The Partnership reports the underlying investment assets of the VIEs in the Partnership’s assets (Notes 4, 5, 6 and 9) and the senior securities of the VIEs are reported as “Debt financing, net” (Note 13) on the Partnership’s consolidated balance sheets. The interest income earned from the underlying investment assets of the VIEs is reported within “Investment income” and “Other interest income” on the Partnership’s consolidated statement of operations. Interest expense and facility fees associated with the debt financing are reported within “Interest expense” on the Partnership’s consolidated statement of operations. As noted previously, the Partnership also makes equity investments in certain entities formed for the construction, operation and sale of market-rate multifamily or seniors housing properties (Note 7). The investee entities are VIEs for financial reporting purposes and the Partnership is typically not considered the primary beneficiary, making such entities non-consolidated VIEs. Within one of the Partnership’s equity investments, Vantage at San Marcos, the Partnership has additional rights compared to its other equity investments and such rights are considered in the Partnership’s assessment of the primary beneficiary of the VIE. In determining the primary beneficiary of the VIEs, the Partnership considered which party has the power to control the activities of the VIE which most significantly impact its financial performance and the obligation to absorb losses or rights to receive benefits of the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE. For the Vantage at San Marcos investee, the Partnership can currently require the managing member of the VIE to purchase the Partnership’s equity investment in the VIE at a price equal to the Partnership’s carrying value. The only assets of the VIE are land and capitalized development costs such that if the Partnership were to require the managing member to purchase its equity investment, all underlying assets of the VIE would likely need to be sold, which would significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance. The Partnership would be exposed to gains or losses of the VIE based on the sales price of the underlying asset in relation to the Partnership’s equity investment. As the Partnership meets both the primary beneficiary criteria for the Vantage at San Marcos investee, it is considered the primary beneficiary of the VIE and reports the VIE on a consolidated basis. The Partnership reports the land and capitalized development costs of the VIE within “Real estate assets, net” and a mortgage loan on the property within “Mortgages payable, net” on the Partnership’s consolidated balance sheets. The VIE has not reported any income or expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023. If certain events occur in the future, the Partnership’s option to redeem the investment will terminate and the VIE may be deconsolidated. The following table summarizes the assets and liabilities of the Partnership’s consolidated VIEs as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
|  | September 30, 2024 |  |  | December 31, 2023 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted cash |  | $ | 36,531 |  |  | $ | 12,605 |
Interest receivable, net |  |  | 6,806,600 |  |  |  | 6,920,851 |
Mortgage revenue bonds held in trust, at fair value |  |  | 1,026,363,997 |  |  |  | 883,030,786 |
Governmental issuer loans |  |  |  |  |  |
Governmental issuer loans held in trust |  |  | 206,702,222 |  |  |  | 222,947,300 |
Allowance for credit losses |  |  | (1,063,000 | ) |  |  | (1,294,000 | )
Governmental issuer loans, net |  |  | 205,639,222 |  |  |  | 221,653,300 |
Property loans |  |  |  |  |  |
Property loans |  |  | 48,082,992 |  |  |  | 108,271,420 |
Allowance for credit losses |  |  | (449,000 | ) |  |  | (675,000 | )
Property loans, net |  |  | 47,633,992 |  |  |  | 107,596,420 |
Real estate assets |  |  | 3,606,658 |  |  |  | 3,606,658 |
Other assets |  |  | 22,640,161 |  |  |  | 24,999,197 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 1,312,727,161 |  |  | $ | 1,247,819,817 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities (1) |  | $ | 8,223,126 |  |  | $ | 8,656,003 |
Debt financing (2) |  |  | 1,065,359,419 |  |  |  | 1,018,314,376 |
Mortgages payable (3) |  |  | 1,690,000 |  |  |  | 1,690,000 |
Total Liabilities |  | $ | 1,075,272,545 |  |  | $ | 1,028,660,379 |
(1) Of the amounts reported, $5,037,120 and $5,495,426 are associated with VIEs where the creditor does not have recourse to the general credit of the Partnership as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. (2) Of the amounts reported, $364,085,420 and $367,807,377 are associated with VIEs where the creditor does not have recourse to the general credit of the Partnership as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. (3) The entire mortgages payable balance is associated with a VIE where the creditor does not have recourse to the general credit of the Partnership as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. In certain instances, the Partnership has investment assets in the form of MRBs, taxable MRBs, GILs, taxable GILs and property loans that are variable interests in non-consolidated borrower entity VIEs which are also assets of consolidated debt financing entity VIEs. Accordingly, such investment assets are reported within tables related to both non-consolidated VIEs and consolidated VIEs presented in this Note 3.

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- Definition Variable Interest Entities [Abstract] + References No definition available. + Details
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- Definition The entire disclosure for a variable interest entity (VIE), including but not limited to, judgments and assumptions in determining whether to consolidate and in identifying the primary beneficiary, gain (loss) recognized on the initial consolidation of the VIE, terms of arrangements, amounts and classification of the VIE's assets and liabilities, and the entity's maximum exposure to loss. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 810 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/810/tableOfContent + Details
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