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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Consolidation

Consolidation

The “Partnership,” as used herein, includes Greystone Housing Impact Investors LP, its consolidated subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entities (Note 3). All intercompany transactions are eliminated. The consolidated subsidiaries of the Partnership for the periods presented consist of:

ATAX TEBS I, LLC, a special purpose entity owned and controlled by the Partnership, created to hold MRBs to facilitate the M24 TEBS Financing with Freddie Mac.
ATAX TEBS II, LLC, a special purpose entity owned and controlled by the Partnership, created to hold MRBs to facilitate the M31 TEBS Financing with Freddie Mac, and subsequently, to facilitate the 2024 PFA Securitization Transaction;
ATAX TEBS III, LLC, a special purpose entity owned and controlled by the Partnership, created to hold MRBs to facilitate the M33 TEBS Financing with Freddie Mac;
ATAX TEBS IV, LLC, a special purpose entity owned and controlled by the Partnership, created to hold MRBs to facilitate the M45 TEBS Financing with Freddie Mac;
ATAX TEBS Holdings, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Partnership, which had issued Secured Notes to Mizuho;
ATAX Vantage Holdings, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Partnership, which is committed to provide equity for the development of multifamily properties;
ATAX Freestone Holdings, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Partnership, which is committed to provide equity for the development of multifamily properties;
ATAX Senior Housing Holdings I, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Partnership, which is committed to provide equity for the development of seniors housing properties;
ATAX Great Hill Holdings, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Partnership, which is committed to provide equity for the development of multifamily properties;
GHI-BIO AC Debt JV MM, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Partnership, which will manage and is committed to provide capital to the Construction Lending JV;
Greens Hold Co, a wholly owned corporation, which owns certain property loans, land held for development, and previously owned 100% of The 50/50 MF Property, a prior real estate asset; and
Lindo Paseo LLC, a wholly owned limited liability company, which previously owned 100% of the Suites on Paseo MF Property.
Use of Estimates in Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements

Use of Estimates in Preparation of Consolidated Financial Statements

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Partnership to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant estimates and assumptions include those used in determining: (i) the fair value of MRBs and taxable MRBs; (ii) investment impairments; and (iii) allowances for credit losses.

Risks and Uncertainties

Risks and Uncertainties

The Federal Reserve reduced the federal funds rate by 50 basis points in September 2024, which was the first reduction in the federal funds rate since the Federal Reserve began raising interest rates in March 2022 to combat inflation. The Federal Reserve also reduced the federal funds rate by 25 basis points in both November and December 2024, but left rates unchanged in January 2025, resulting in the current target range for the federal funds rate being 4.25-4.50%. In addition, geopolitical conflicts continue to impact the general global economic environment. These factors have maintained volatility in the fixed income markets, which has impacted the value of some of the Partnership’s investment assets, particularly those with fixed interest rates, which may result in collateral posting requirements under our debt financing arrangements. In addition, changes in short-term interest rates will directly impact the interest cost associated with the Partnership’s variable rate debt financing arrangements and for construction debt of properties underlying our investments in unconsolidated entities. The extent to which general economic, geopolitical, and financial conditions will impact the Partnership’s financial condition or results of operations in the future is uncertain and actual results and outcomes could differ from current estimates.

The aggregate effects of the recent inflationary environment experienced in the United States and any resurgence in inflation may continue to adversely impact operating expenses at properties securing the Partnership’s investments and general operations, which may reduce net operating results of the related properties and result in lower debt service coverage or higher than anticipated capitalized interest requirements for properties under construction. Such occurrences may negatively impact the value of the Partnership’s investments. Continuing elevated levels of general and administrative expenses of the Partnership may adversely affect the Partnership’s operating results, including a reduction in net income.

Furthermore, the potential for an economic recession either globally or locally in the U.S. or other economies could further impact the valuation of our investment assets, limit the Partnership’s ability to obtain additional debt financing from lenders, and limit opportunities for additional investments.

Variable Interest Entities

Variable Interest Entities

Under the accounting guidance for consolidation, the Partnership evaluates entities in which it holds a variable interest to determine if the entities are VIEs and if the Partnership is the primary beneficiary. The entity that is deemed to have: (1) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance; and (2) the obligation to absorb losses of the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE, is considered the primary beneficiary. If the Partnership is deemed to be the primary beneficiary, then it will consolidate the VIEs in its consolidated financial statements. The Partnership has consolidated all VIEs in which it has determined it is the primary beneficiary. In the Partnership’s consolidated financial statements, all transactions and accounts between the Partnership and the consolidated VIEs have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Partnership re-evaluates its accounting for VIEs at each reporting date based on events and circumstances at the VIEs. As a result, changes to the consolidated VIEs may occur in the future based on changes in circumstances. The accounting guidance on consolidations is complex and requires significant analysis and judgment.

The Partnership does not believe that the consolidation of VIEs for reporting under GAAP impacts its status as a partnership for federal income tax purposes or the status of Unitholders as partners of the Partnership. In addition, the consolidation of VIEs is not expected to impact the treatment of the MRBs, GILs and property loans owned by consolidated VIEs, the tax-exempt nature of the interest payments on secured debt financings, or the manner in which the Partnership’s income is reported to Unitholders on IRS Schedule K-1.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include highly liquid securities and investments in securities with maturities of three months or less when purchased.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk

The Partnership maintains the majority of its unrestricted cash balances at three financial institutions. The balances insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation are equal to $250,000 at each institution. At various times the cash balances have exceeded the $250,000 limit. The Partnership may from time to time invest in short-term investment grade securities and certificates of deposit with original maturities of 90 days or less. The Partnership is exposed to risk on its short-term investments in the event of non-performance by counterparties, though such risk is minimal and the Partnership does not anticipate any non-performance.

Restricted Cash

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash is legally restricted as to its use. The Partnership has been required to maintain, at times, restricted cash collateral related to one secured line of credit (Note 12), total return swap transaction (Note 15), mark-to-market provisions in the ISDA master agreement with Mizuho (Note 13), certain balances for the TEBS Financing facilities (Note 13), resident security deposits, and various escrowed funds. Restricted cash is presented with cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Investments in Mortgage Revenue Bonds and Taxable Mortgage Revenue Bonds

Investments in Mortgage Revenue Bonds and Taxable Mortgage Revenue Bonds

The Partnership accounts for its investments in MRBs and taxable MRBs under the accounting guidance for certain investments in debt and equity securities. The Partnership’s investments in these instruments are classified as available-for-sale debt securities and are reported at estimated fair value. The net unrealized gains or losses on these investments are reflected on the Partnership’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Unrealized gains and losses do not affect the cash flow of the bonds, distributions to Unitholders, or the characterization of the interest income. See Note 21 for a description of the Partnership’s methodology for estimating

the fair value of MRBs and taxable MRBs. The Partnership reports interest receivables for MRBs and taxable MRBs separately from the reported fair value within “Interest receivable, net” on the consolidated balance sheets.

Investments in Governmental Issuer Loans and Taxable Governmental Issuer Loans

The Partnership accounts for its investment in GILs and taxable GILs under the accounting guidance for certain investments in debt and equity securities. The Partnership’s investments in these instruments are classified as held-to-maturity debt securities and are reported at amortized cost, which is net of unamortized loan acquisition costs, discounts, and allowance for credit losses. The Partnership evaluates its outstanding principal and interest receivable balances associated with its GILs for collectability. If collection of these balances is not probable, the loan is placed on non-accrual status and either an allowance for credit loss will be recognized or the outstanding balance will be written off. The Partnership reports interest receivables for GILs and taxable GILs separately from the amortized cost basis within “Interest receivable, net” on the consolidated balance sheets.

The GIL and Taxable GIL associated with Natchitoches Thomas Apartments are considered available-for-sale debt securities and are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and loss reflected on the Partnership’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income. There are no unrealized gains or losses associated with these investments as of December 31, 2024.

Real Estate Assets

The Partnership’s investments in real estate are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation of real estate is based on the estimated useful life of the related asset, generally 19-40 years on multifamily and student housing residential apartment buildings, and five to 15 years on capital improvements. Depreciation expense is calculated using the straight-line method. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, while improvements, renovations, and replacements are capitalized. The Partnership also holds land held for investment and development which is reported at cost. The Partnership recognizes gains and losses equal to the difference between proceeds on sale and the net carrying value of the assets at the date of disposition.

The Partnership reviews real estate assets for impairment periodically and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a property may not be recoverable. When indicators of potential impairment suggest that the carrying value of a real estate asset may not be recoverable, the Partnership compares the carrying amount of the real estate asset to the undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the asset. If the carrying value exceeds the undiscounted net cash flows, an impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the carrying value of the property exceeds its estimated fair value.

Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

The Partnership accounts for its investments in unconsolidated entities under the equity method of accounting. Through ATAX Vantage Holdings, LLC, ATAX Freestone Holdings, LLC, ATAX Senior Housing Holdings I, LLC, and ATAX Great Hill Holdings, LLC, the Partnership makes investments in non-controlling limited membership interests in entities formed to construct market-rate multifamily and seniors housing properties. Through GHI-BIO AC Debt JV MM, LLC, the Partnership has committed to provide capital to the Construction Lending JV formed to finance the construction and/or rehabilitation of affordable multifamily housing properties. The Partnership applies the equity method of accounting by initially recording these investments at cost, subsequently adjusted for

accrued preferred returns, the Partnership’s proportionate share of earnings (losses) of the unconsolidated entities, cash contributions, and distributions.

The Partnership reviews its investments in unconsolidated affiliates for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investments may not be fully recoverable. Factors considered include:

The absence of an ability to recover the carrying amount of the investment;
The inability of the investee to sustain an earnings capacity that justifies the carrying amount of the investment; or
Estimated sales proceeds that are insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the investment.

The Partnership’s assessment of whether a decline in value is other than temporary is based on the Partnership’s ability and intent to hold the investment and whether evidence indicating the carrying value of the investment is recoverable within a reasonable period of time outweighs evidence to the contrary. If the fair value of the investment is determined to be less than the carrying value and the decline in value is considered other than temporary, an impairment charge would be recorded equal to the excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair value of the investment.

The Partnership earns a preferred return on its investments in Vantage Properties that is guaranteed by an unrelated third-party, which is also an affiliate of the unconsolidated entities. The term of the third-party guaranty is from the initial investment through a date approximately five years after commencement of construction. The Partnership recognizes its preferred return based upon the guaranty provided by the unrelated third-party, the guarantor’s financial ability to perform under the guaranty, and the cash flows expected to be received from each Vantage Property. Preferred returns are reported within “Investment income” on the Partnership’s consolidated statements of operations.

The Partnership earns a preferred return on its investments in non-Vantage properties that is senior to the preferred return and return of capital of the other members of the unconsolidated entities. The Partnership recognizes its preferred return on each investment to the extent there is capital of the managing member of the unconsolidated entity to support the recognition of preferred return. Preferred returns are reported within “Investment income” on the Partnership’s consolidated statements of operations. In addition, the Partnership will recognize its proportionate share of earnings (losses) of the unconsolidated entities, when appropriate, and report within “Earnings (losses) from investments in unconsolidated entities” on the Partnership’s consolidated statements of operations. Earnings (losses) generally begin after completion of construction of each underlying property as all costs during the construction period are typically capitalized.

Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities, Held-for-Investment Loans and Related Unfunded Commitments

The Partnership estimates allowances for credit losses for its GILs, taxable GILs, property loans and related non-cancelable funding commitments using a WARM method loss-rate model, combined with qualitative factors that are sensitive to changes in forecasted economic conditions. The Partnership applies qualitative factors related to risk factors and changes in current economic conditions that may not be adequately reflected in quantitatively derived results, or other relevant factors to ensure the allowance for credit losses reflects the Partnership’s best estimate of current expected credit losses. The WARM method pools assets sharing similar characteristics and utilizes a historical annual charge-off rate which is applied to the outstanding asset balances over the remaining weighted average life of the pool, adjusted for certain qualitative factors to estimate expected credit losses. The Partnership has minimal loss history with GILs, taxable GILs, and property loans to date and has had minimal historical credit losses to date. As such, the Partnership uses historical annual charge-off data for similar assets from publicly available loan data through the FFIEC. The Partnership adjusts for current conditions and the impact of qualitative forecasts that are reasonable and supportable. The Partnership assesses

qualitative adjustments related to, but not limited to, credit quality changes in the asset portfolio, general economic conditions, changes in the affordable multifamily real estate markets, changes in lending policies and underwriting, and underlying collateral values.

The Partnership will elect to separately evaluate an asset if it no longer shares the same risk characteristics as the respective pool or the specific investment attributes do not lend to analysis with a model-based approach. For collateral-dependent assets when foreclosure is probable, the Partnership will apply a practical expedient to estimate current expected credit losses as the difference between the fair value of collateral and the amortized cost of the asset.

Charge-offs to the allowance for credit losses occur when losses are confirmed through the receipt of cash or other consideration from the completion of a sale, when a modification or restructuring takes place in which the Partnership grants a concession to a borrower or agrees to a discount in full or partial satisfaction of the asset, when the Partnership takes ownership and control of the underlying collateral in full satisfaction of the asset, or when significant collection efforts have ceased and it is highly likely that a loss has been realized.

The Partnership has elected to not measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivables related to its GILs, taxable GILs and property loans because uncollectible accrued interest receivable is written off in a timely manner pursuant to policies for placing assets on non-accrual status.

Available-for-Sale Debt Securities

The Partnership periodically determines if allowances of credit losses are needed for its MRBs and taxable MRBs under the applicable guidance for available-for-sale debt securities. The Partnership evaluates whether unrealized losses are considered impairments based on various factors including, but not necessarily limited to, the following:

The severity of the decline in fair value;
The Partnership’s intent to hold and the likelihood of it being required to sell the security before its value recovers;
Adverse conditions specifically related to the security, its collateral, or both;
The likelihood of the borrower being able to make scheduled interest and principal payments; and
Failure of the borrower to make scheduled interest or principal payments.

While the Partnership evaluates all available information, it focuses specifically on whether the estimated fair value of the security is below amortized cost. If the estimated fair value of an MRB is below amortized cost, and the Partnership has the intent to sell or may be required to sell the MRB prior to the time that its value recovers or until maturity, the Partnership will record an impairment through earnings equal to the difference between the MRB’s carrying value and its fair value. If the Partnership does not expect to sell an other-than-temporarily impaired MRB, only the portion of the impairment related to credit losses is recognized through earnings as a provision for credit loss, with the remainder recognized as a component of other comprehensive income. In determining the provision for credit loss, the Partnership compares the present value of cash flows expected to be collected to the amortized cost basis of the MRB and records any provision for credit losses as an adjustment to the allowance for credit losses. The Partnership has elected to not measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivables related to its MRBs and taxable MRBs because uncollectable accrued interest receivable is written off in a timely manner pursuant to policies for placing assets on non-accrual status.

The recognition of impairments, provisions for credit loss, and the potential impairment analysis are subject to a considerable degree of judgment, the results of which, when applied under different conditions or assumptions, could have a material impact on the Partnership's consolidated financial statements. If the Partnership experiences deterioration in the values of its MRB portfolio, the Partnership may incur impairments or provisions for credit losses that could negatively impact the Partnership’s financial condition, cash flows, and reported earnings. The Partnership periodically reviews any previously impaired MRBs for indications of a recovery of value. If a recovery of value is identified, the Partnership will report the recovery of prior credit losses through its allowance for credit losses as a provision for credit losses (recoveries). For MRB impairment recoveries identified prior to the adoption of the CECL model, the Partnership will accrete the recovery of prior credit losses into investment income over the remaining term of the MRB.

Property Loans, Net

Property Loans

The Partnership invests in property loans made to the owners of certain multifamily, student housing and skilled nursing properties, and one property loan associated with a master lease of essential healthcare support buildings to an investment grade rated non-profit healthcare system. The property loans are considered held-for-investment and are reported at amortized cost, which is net of unamortized loan acquisition costs, discounts, and allowance for credit losses. Some property loans have been made to multifamily properties that secure MRBs and GILs owned by the Partnership. The Partnership recognizes interest income on the property loans as earned and the interest income is reported within “Other interest income” on the Partnership’s consolidated statements of operations. Interest income is not recognized for property loans that are deemed to be in nonaccrual status. If collection of outstanding principal and interest receivable balances is not probable, the loan is placed on non-accrual status and either an allowance for credit loss will be recognized or the outstanding balance will be written off. Interest income is recognized upon the repayment of these property loans and accrued interest which is dependent largely on the cash flows or proceeds upon sale or refinancing of the related property. The Partnership reports interest receivables for property loans separately from the amortized cost basis within “Interest receivable, net” on the consolidated balance sheets.

One property loan, Sandoval Flats Apartments, is considered held-for-sale and reported at fair value with gains or losses reported within the Partnership’s consolidated statements of operations. There have been no such gains or losses reported as of December 31, 2024.

Allowance for Credit Losses

Allowance for Credit Losses

On January 1, 2023, the Partnership adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, and subsequent related amendments to ASC 326, which is an expected loss model known as the CECL model. Prior to the adoption of the CECL, the Partnership applied an incurred loss methodology under prior GAAP. The allowance for credit losses is presented as a valuation reserve to the corresponding assets on the Partnership’s consolidated balance sheets. Expected credit losses related to non-cancelable unfunded commitments and financial guaranties are accounted for as separate liabilities and are included in “Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities” on the Partnership’s consolidated balance sheets.

The adoption of the ASU 2016-13 required a cumulative-effect adjustment to Partners’ Capital upon adoption. Upon adoption on January 1, 2023, the Partnership recorded a cumulative effect of accounting change of approximately $5.9 million as a direct reduction to Partners’ Capital. Subsequent changes to the allowance for credit losses are recognized through “Provision for credit losses” on the Partnership’s consolidated statements of operations.

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred Financing Costs

Debt financing costs are capitalized and amortized using the effective interest method through either the stated maturity date or the optional redemption date of the related debt financing agreement. Debt financing costs associated with revolving line of credit arrangements are reported within “Other assets” on the Partnership’s consolidated balance sheets. Deferred financing costs associated with debt financing and mortgages payable arrangements are reported as reductions to the carrying value of the related liability on the Partnership’s consolidated balance sheets.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

No provision has been made for income taxes of the Partnership as it is a partnership for federal income tax purposes such that profits and losses are allocated to Unitholders, except for certain entities described below. The distributive share of income, deductions and credits is reported to Unitholders on IRS Schedule K-1. The Partnership pays franchise margin taxes on revenues in certain jurisdictions relating to property loans and investments in unconsolidated entities.

The Greens Hold Co is a corporation that is subject to federal and state income taxes. The Partnership recognizes income tax expense or benefit for the federal and state income taxes incurred by this entity in its consolidated financial statements.

The Partnership evaluates its tax positions on the consolidated financial statements under the accounting guidance for uncertain tax positions. The Partnership may recognize a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if the Partnership believes it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities. The Partnership accrues interest and penalties, if any, and reports them within “Income tax expense” on the Partnership’s consolidated statements of operations.

Deferred income tax expense or benefit is generally a function of temporary differences (items that are treated differently for tax purposes than for financial reporting purposes), such as depreciation, amortization of financing costs, etc. and the utilization of tax NOLs. The Partnership values its deferred tax assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Partnership records a valuation allowance for deferred income tax assets if it believes all, or some portion, of the deferred income tax asset may not be realized. Any increase or decrease in the valuation allowance that results from a change in circumstances that causes a change in the estimated ability to realize the related deferred income tax asset is included in deferred income tax expense.

Investment Income from Investments in Mortgage Revenue Bonds and Governmental Issuer Loans

Investment Income from Investments in Mortgage Revenue Bonds and Governmental Issuer Loans

The interest income received by the Partnership from its MRBs and GILs is dependent upon the net cash flow or capitalized interest reserves of the underlying properties. Interest income on fully performing MRBs and GILs is recognized as it is earned. Current and past due interest income on MRBs and GILs not fully performing is recognized as it is received. The Partnership reinstates the accrual of interest once the MRB’s or GIL’s ability to perform is adequately demonstrated. Interest income related to MRBs and GILs is reported within “Investment Income” and interest income related to taxable MRBs and taxable GILs is reported within “Other interest income” on the Partnership’s consolidated statements of operations. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, all of the Partnership’s MRBs and GILs were fully performing and current on all interest payments, with the exception of the Provision Center 2014-1 MRB as of December 31, 2023.

Premiums on callable MRB investments are amortized as a yield adjustment to the earliest call date. Discounts on MRB investments are amortized as a yield adjustment to the stated maturity date. Amortization of premiums and discounts is reported within “Investment income” on the Partnership’s consolidated statements of operations.

Bond acquisition costs are capitalized and amortized utilizing the effective interest method over the period to the stated maturity of the related MRB and taxable MRB investments. Bond acquisition costs are reported as an adjustment to the cost adjusted for paydowns and allowances of the related MRB in Note 4.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Partnership reports interest rate derivatives on its consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The Partnership’s derivative instruments are not designated as hedging instruments for GAAP purposes and changes in fair value are reported within “Net results from derivative transactions” on the Partnership’s consolidated statements of operations. The Partnership is exposed to loss upon defaults by its counterparties on its interest rate derivative agreements. The Partnership does not anticipate non-performance by any counterparty.

Redeemable Preferred Units

Redeemable Preferred Units

The Partnership has designated three series of Preferred Units consisting of the Series A Preferred Units, the Series A-1 Preferred Units, and the Series B Preferred Units. The Partnership has issued the Preferred Units representing limited partnership interests in the Partnership to various financial institutions. The Preferred Units are recorded as mezzanine equity due to the holders’ redemption option which, if and when the units become subject to redemption, is outside the Partnership’s control. The costs of issuing the Preferred Units have been netted against the carrying value of the Preferred Units and are amortized to the first redemption date.

Beneficial Unit Certificates

Beneficial Unit Certificates

The Partnership has issued BUCs representing assigned limited partnership interests to investors. Costs related to the issuance of BUCs are recorded as a reduction to partners’ capital when issued.

The Partnership declared BUCs Distributions in the form of additional BUCs during the first quarter of 2024 and during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. All fractional BUCs resulting from the BUCs Distributions received cash for such fraction based on the market value of the BUCs on the record date. The BUCs Distributions have been applied retroactively to all net income per BUC, distributions per BUC and similar per BUC disclosures for all periods indicated in the Partnership’s consolidated financial statements.

Restricted Unit Awards

Restricted Unit Awards

The Equity Incentive Plan, as originally approved by the BUC holders in September 2015, permits the grant of RUAs and other awards to the employees of Greystone Manager, or any affiliate, who performs services for Greystone Manager, the Partnership or an affiliate, and members of the Board of Managers of Greystone Manager. The Equity Incentive Plan permits total grants of RUAs of up to 1.0 million BUCs.

RUAs have historically been granted with vesting conditions ranging from three months to up to three years. RUAs typically provide for the payment of distributions during the restriction period. The RUAs provide for accelerated vesting if there is a change in control, or upon death or disability of the participant. The number of outstanding RUAs was not impacted by the BUCs Distributions as holders of RUAs did not participate in the BUCs Distributions, but rather received cash in an amount equal to the value of the BUCs Distributions. The fair value of each RUA is estimated on the grant date based on the Partnership’s exchange-listed closing price of the BUCs. The Partnership recognizes compensation expense for the RUAs on a straight-line basis over the requisite vesting period. The Partnership accounts for modifications to RUAs as they occur, if the fair value of the RUAs change, if there are changes to vesting conditions or if the awards no longer qualify for equity classification. The Partnership accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

Net Income per BUC

Net Income per BUC

The Partnership uses the two-class method to allocate net income available to the BUCs, and to the unvested RUAs as the RUAs are participating securities. Unvested RUAs are included with BUCs for the calculation of diluted net income per BUC using the treasury stock method, if the treasury stock method is more dilutive than the two-class method.

Accounting for TOB, Term TOB, TEBS Financings, and TEBS Residual Financing Arrangements

Accounting for TOB, Term TOB, TEBS Financings, the 2024 PFA Securitization Transaction, and TEBS Residual Financing Arrangements

The Partnership has evaluated the accounting guidance related to its TOBs, term TOB, TEBS Financings, the 2024 PFA Securitization Transaction, and TEBS Residual Financing, and has determined that the securitization transactions do not meet the accounting criteria for a sale or transfer of financial assets and therefore are accounted for as secured financing transactions. More specifically, the guidance on transfers and servicing sets forth the conditions that must be met to de-recognize a transferred financial asset. This guidance provides, in part, that the transferor has surrendered control over transferred assets if and only if the transferor does

not maintain effective control over the transferred assets. The financing agreements contain certain provisions that allow the Partnership to unilaterally cause the holder to return the securitized assets, other than through a cleanup call. Based on these terms, the Partnership has concluded that the Partnership has not transferred effective control over the transferred assets and, as such, the transactions do not meet the conditions to de-recognize the transferred assets.

In addition, the Partnership has evaluated the entities associated with the TOBs, term TOB, TEBS Financings, the 2024 PFA Securitization Transaction, and TEBS Residual Financing in accordance with guidance on consolidation of VIEs. See Note 3 for the consolidation analysis related to these secured financing arrangements. The Partnership is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of these securitization trusts and transactions and consolidates the assets, liabilities, income and expenses of the securitizations in the Partnership’s consolidated financial statements.

The Partnership recognizes interest expense for fixed-rate TEBS Financings with escalating stated interest rates using the effective interest method over the estimated term of the arrangement.

Lessor Leases

Lessor Leases

The Partnership’s lessor leases consisted of tenant leases related to real estate assets, specifically at the MF Properties. Tenant leases also contained terms for non-lease revenues related to operations at the MF Properties, such as parking and food service revenues. The Partnership elected to combine the lease and non-lease components when accounting for lessor leases. The unit lease component of the tenant lease is considered the predominant component, so all components of the tenant lease are accounted for under ASC 842. Tenant leases were typically for terms of 12 months or less and do not include extension options so no ROU asset was recorded for such leases. Lease revenue is recognized monthly and is reported within “Property revenues” on the Partnership’s consolidated statements of operations. The Partnership has no lessor leases as of December 31, 2024.

Reclassification

Reclassification

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current period presentation.

As of December 31, 2024, the Partnership began reporting MRBs within one line item titled “Mortgage revenue bonds, at fair value” in the Partnership’s consolidated balance sheets and in various footnote disclosures. In prior periods, the Partnership separately reported "Mortgage revenue bonds held in trust, at fair value" and "Mortgage revenue bonds, at fair value" line items in the Partnership's consolidated balance sheets. The MRBs designated as “held in trust” are owned by consolidated VIEs and disclosed within Note 3 of the Partnership’s consolidated financial statements for all periods presented. Accordingly, the Partnership has combined the previously reported "Mortgage revenue bonds held in trust, at fair value" and "Mortgage revenue bonds, at fair value" line items into one line item in the Partnership’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023, in conformity with the current reporting period presented herein. This reclassification has no effect on the Partnership’s reported “Total Assets” in the Partnership’s consolidated financial statements for the periods presented.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, which enhances the disclosures about a public entity’s reportable segments and addresses requests from investors for additional, more detailed information about a reportable segment’s expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for the Partnership for the year ended December 31, 2024 and interim periods thereafter. The adoption of ASU 2023-07 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024. See Note 25 for related disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, which improves the disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses. ASU 2024-03 is effective for the Partnership for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. The Partnership is currently assessing the impact of the adoption of this pronouncement on the consolidated financial statements.