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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Organization | Organization The Corporation, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the Bank and CFS, provides a wide range of banking, financing, fiduciary and other financial services to its clients. The Corporation and the Bank are subject to the regulations of certain federal and state agencies and undergo periodic examinations by those regulatory authorities. CRM, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Corporation, which was formed and began operations on May 31, 2016, is a Nevada-based captive insurance company which insures against certain risks unique to the operations of the Corporation and its subsidiaries and for which insurance may not be currently available or economically feasible in today's insurance marketplace. CRM pools resources with several other similar insurance company subsidiaries of financial institutions to spread a limited amount of risk among themselves. CRM is subject to regulations of the State of Nevada and undergoes periodic examinations by the Nevada Division of Insurance.
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP for interim financial information and pursuant to the requirements for reporting on Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the Exchange Act. These financial statements include the accounts of the Corporation and its subsidiaries, and all significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Amounts in the prior periods' consolidated financial statements are reclassified whenever necessary to conform to the current period's presentation. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and disclosures provided, and actual results could differ. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) and disclosures necessary for the fair presentation of the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been included. The unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Corporation's 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. The results of operations for any interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results which may be expected for the entire year or any other period.
Reclassifications | Reclassifications Amounts in the prior year financial statements are reclassified whenever necessary to conform to the current year's presentation.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Accounting Pronouncements In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The objective of the ASU is to provide financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. The ASU supersedes current GAAP by replacing the incurred loss impairment method with a methodology that reflects lifetime expected credit losses and requires the consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to form credit loss estimates. In November 2019, the FASB adopted an amendment to postpone the effective date of ASU 2016-13 to January 2023 for certain entities, including certain Securities and Exchange Commission filers, public business entities, and private companies. As a smaller reporting company, the Corporation is eligible for delayed adoption. The Corporation has established a committee to oversee the implementation of CECL and has contracted a vendor to assist in model development and implementation, and is in the process of updating its policies and internal controls accordingly. Additionally the Corporation has contracted an independent third party to validate the selected model. The basis for the model of the quantitative portion of the estimation of expected credit losses is the historical loss experience amongst a curated group of peers. The Corporation utilized regression analyses of peer data, of which the Corporation was included, and where observed credit losses and selected economic factors were utilized to determine suitable loss drivers for modeling the lifetime rates of probability of default (PD). The chosen model utilizes a discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis for all loan portfolio segments as its foundation. Portfolio segments are the level at which loss assumptions are applied to a pool of loans based on the similarity of the risk characteristics inherent in the included instruments. The DCF analysis is run at the instrument-level and incorporates an array of loan-specific and segment-implied assumptions in order to determine the lifetime expected loss attributable to the instrument. The loss driver for each loan portfolio segment is derived from a readily available and reasonable economic forecast, which is applied over a four-quarter period, and incorporates an eight-quarter reversion to the historical mean on a straight-line basis beyond the reasonable forecast period. The selected model also incorporates qualitative factors in order to appropriately adjust for risk in a given portfolio segment that may not be fully captured through quantitative analysis. Determinations regarding qualitative adjustments are made based on management’s expectation of loss conditions differing from those already captured in the quantitative component of the model. The Corporation expects to recognize a one-time cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings upon adoption of CECL, effective January 1, 2023, in order to bring our allowance for credit losses (ACL) into conformity with the ASU, consistent with regulatory expectations set forth in interagency guidance. The Corporation is currently refining the assumptions built into its model, and is running parallel calculations on an ongoing basis. The Corporation estimates that under the ACL framework, the allowance for credit losses may increase, and the increase may be material, when compared to the amount being carried on the consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2022. This increase encompasses the loans that the Corporation currently evaluates for impairment on an individual basis, loans evaluated collectively by pooled segment, and unfunded commitments made by the Corporation not currently carried on the balance sheet. Based on the composition and quality of the Corporation’s debt securities portfolio, management has determined there to be a zero loss estimate on securities that are backed by U.S. governmental agencies. In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-01, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging-Portfolio Layer Method. The amendments in this ASU expand the current last-of-layer hedging model from a single-layer method to allow multiple hedged layers of a single closed portfolio. To reflect that expansion, the last-of-layer method is renamed the portfolio layer method. In addition, ASU 2022-01 (1) expands the scope of the portfolio layer method to include non-prepayable assets, (2) specifies eligible hedging instruments in a single-layer hedge, (3) provides additional guidance on the accounting for and disclosure of hedge basis adjustments under the portfolio layer method and (4) specifies how edge basis adjustments should be considered when determining credit losses for the assets included in the closed portfolio. ASU 2022-01 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022, although early adoption is permitted. Upon adoption, ASU 2022-01 is not expected to have a significant impact on the Corporation's financial condition or results of operations. In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The ASU made certain targeted amendments specific to troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) by creditors and vintage disclosure related to gross write-offs. Upon adoption, the Corporation will be required to apply the loan and refinancing and restructuring guidance to determine whether a modification results in a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan, rather than applying the recognition and measurement guidance for TDRs. The ASU also requires companies to disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investment in leases within scope of Subtopic 326-20. ASU 2022-02 is effective for periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Corporation will adopt ASU 2016-13 effective January 1, 2023 and will simultaneously implement ASU 2022-02. Risks and Uncertainties - COVID-19 The Corporation's unaudited consolidated financial statements reflect estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, including the amount of the allowance for loan losses established. Management evaluated the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as it related to the loan portfolio. As part of this analysis, management identified what it believes to be higher risk loans through a detailed analysis of industry codes. During 2020, management increased certain allowance qualitative factors based on an assessment of the impact of the current pandemic on local, national and global economic conditions as well as the perceived risks inherent in specific industries and credit characteristics. As part of this analysis, the Corporation released the final $1.2 million of the pandemic related portion of the allowance in the third quarter of 2022. In total, the Corporation released $4.3 million and utilized $0.5 million of the pandemic related allowance established in 2020.
Earnings Per Common Share | Basic earnings per share is net income divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Issuable shares, including those related to directors’ restricted stock shares, are considered outstanding and are included in the computation of basic earnings per share. All outstanding unvested share-based payment awards that contain rights to nonforfeitable dividends are considered participating securities for this calculation. Restricted stock awards are grants of participating securities and are considered outstanding at grant date. Earnings per share information is adjusted to present comparative results for stock splits and stock dividends that occur.
Fair Value Measurement | Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value: Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date. Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data. Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity's own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The Corporation used the following methods and significant assumptions to estimate fair value on a recurring basis: Available for Sale Securities: The fair values of securities available for sale are usually determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1 inputs), or matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities' relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs). For securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated using discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3 inputs). Equity Investments: Securities that are held to fund a deferred compensation plan and securities that have a readily determinable fair market value, are recorded at fair value with changes in fair value included in earnings. The fair values of equity investments are determined by quoted market prices (Level 1 inputs). Impaired Loans: At the time a loan is considered impaired, it is valued at the lower of cost or fair value. Impaired loans carried at fair value have been partially charged-off or receive specific allocations as part of the allowance for loan loss accounting. For collateral dependent loans, fair value is commonly based on real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value per the borrower’s financial statements, or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation, and management’s expertise and knowledge of the client and client’s business, typically resulting in a Level 3 fair value classification. Impaired loans are evaluated on a quarterly basis for additional impairment and adjusted accordingly. OREO: Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosures are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. These assets are subsequently accounted for at lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Fair value is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Appraisals for both collateral dependent impaired loans and OREO are performed by certified general appraisers (commercial properties) or certified residential appraisers (residential properties) whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Corporation. Once received, appraisals are reviewed for reasonableness of assumptions, approaches utilized, Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice and other regulatory compliance, as well as the overall resulting fair value in comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics. Appraisals are generally completed within the previous 12 month period prior to a property being placed into OREO. On impaired loans, appraisal values are adjusted based on the age of the appraisal, the position of the lien, the type of the property and its condition. Derivatives: The fair values of interest rate swaps are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2 inputs). Derivatives are traded in an over-the-counter market where quoted market prices are not always available. Therefore, the fair values of derivatives are determined using quantitative models that utilize multiple market inputs. The inputs will vary based on the type of derivative, but could include interest rates, prices, and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves, prepayment rates, and volatility factors to value the position. The Corporation also incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counter-party's nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Corporation has considered the impact of any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings. Although the Corporation has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize credit default rate assumptions (Level 3 inputs).

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