Tax Equity Financings and Investment Tax Credit Sale	12 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2024
Tax Equity Financings and Investment Tax Credit Sale
Tax Equity Financings and Investment Tax Credit Sale	Note 3. Tax Equity Financings and Investment Tax Credit Sale Derby Tax Equity Financing Transaction The Company closed on a tax equity financing transaction on October 31, 2023 with Franklin Park for two fuel cell power plant installations -- the 14.0 MW Derby Fuel Cell Project and the 2.8 MW SCEF Fuel Cell Project, both located in Derby, Connecticut (collectively, the “Derby Projects”). Franklin Park’s tax equity commitment totaled $30.2 million. Of this amount, approximately $9.1 million was received on October 31, 2023 and the remaining approximately $21.1 million was received during the year ended October 31, 2024. In connection with the initial closing of this tax equity financing transaction in fiscal year 2023, the Company paid closing costs of approximately $1.8 million, which included appraisal fees, title insurance expenses and legal and consulting fees. This transaction was structured as a “partnership flip”, which is a structure commonly used by tax equity investors in the financing of renewable energy projects. Under this partnership flip structure, a partnership, in this case Derby Fuel Cell Holdco, LLC (the “Derby Partnership”), was organized to acquire from FuelCell Energy Finance II, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, all outstanding equity interests in the Derby Projects. FuelCell Energy Finance II owns the Derby Projects and is the party to the power purchase agreements and all project agreements. At the closing of the transaction, the Derby Projects are owned by the Derby Partnership with Franklin Park, holding the Class A Units, and Fuel Cell Energy Derby Finance Holdco, LLC holding the Class B Units. Under most partnership flip structures, tax equity investors agree to receive a minimum target rate of return, typically on an after-tax basis. Prior to receiving a contractual rate of return or a date specified in the contractual arrangements, Franklin Park will receive substantially all of the non-cash value attributable to the Derby Projects, which includes accelerated depreciation and Section 48(a) investment tax credits; however, the Company will receive a majority of the cash distributions (based on the operating income of the Derby Projects), which are to be paid quarterly. After Franklin Park receives its contractual rate of return, the Company will receive approximately 95% of the cash and tax allocations. Since the Derby Projects became operational during the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, the Company has begun to allocate profits and losses to noncontrolling interests under the HLBV method. For the year ended October 31, 2024, the net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests totaled $(28.3) million. During the year ended October 31, 2024, the Company made priority return distributions to Franklin Park of $1.0 million. There were no priority return distributions or amounts allocated to noncontrolling interest for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 for the Derby Partnership because the Derby Projects were not yet operational during those years. Groton Tax Equity Financing Transaction The Company closed on a tax equity financing transaction in August 2021 with East West Bancorp, Inc. (“East West Bank”) for the 7.4 MW fuel cell project located on the U.S. Navy Submarine Base in Groton, CT (the “Groton Project”). East West Bank’s tax equity commitment totals $15 million. This transaction was structured as a partnership flip. Under this partnership flip structure, a partnership, in this case Groton Station Fuel Cell Holdco, LLC (the “Groton Partnership”), was organized to acquire from FuelCell Energy Finance II, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, all outstanding equity interests in Groton Station Fuel Cell, LLC (the “Groton Project Company”) which in turn owns the Groton Project and is the party to the power purchase agreement and all project agreements. At the closing of the transaction, the Groton Partnership is owned by East West Bank, holding Class A Units, and Fuel Cell Energy Finance Holdco, LLC, a subsidiary of FuelCell Energy Finance, LLC, holding Class B Units. The acquisition of the Groton Project Company by the Groton Partnership was funded in part by an initial draw from East West Bank and funds contributed downstream to the Groton Partnership by the Company. The initial closing occurred on August 4, 2021, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions precedent (including the receipt of an appraisal and confirmation that the Groton Project would be eligible for the investment tax credit under Section 48 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended). In connection with the initial closing, the Company drew down $3.0 million, of which approximately $0.8 million was used to pay closing costs including appraisal fees, title insurance expenses and legal and consulting fees. Under the original terms of the Company’s agreement with East West Bank, the Company would have been eligible to draw the remaining amount of the commitment, approximately $12 million, once the Groton Project achieved commercial operations. On July 7, 2022, the Company and East West Bank amended their tax equity financing agreement and extended the commercial operations deadline to September 30, 2022. In addition, in the July 7, 2022 amendment to the tax equity financing agreement, the terms of East West Bank’s remaining investment commitment of $12.0 million were modified such that East West Bank will contribute $4.0 million on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the Groton Project achieving commercial operations, rather than contributing the full $12.0 million when the Groton Project achieved commercial operations. Such contributions are subject to certain customer conditions precedent, including a third-party certification by an independent engineer that the plant is operating in conformance with the amended and restated power purchase agreement. When such contributions are made by East West Bank, the funds will be distributed upstream to the Company, as a reimbursement of prior construction costs incurred by the Company. In conjunction with this amendment, the Company agreed to pay aggregate fees of $0.5 million (which are inclusive of the fees from the previous extensions of the commercial operations deadline), which were payable by the Company upon commencement of commercial operations of the plant. On October 4, 2022, the Company and East West Bank further amended their tax equity financing agreement to extend the deadline by which commercial operations were to be achieved at the Groton Project from September 30, 2022 to November 30, 2022. In addition, modifications to the Groton Project documents between Connecticut Municipal Electric Energy Cooperative (“CMEEC”) and the Company as a result of the agreement between those parties to commence operations at less than 7.4 MW required the approval of East West Bank as part of East West Bank’s rights under the agreement between East West Bank and the Company. On December 16, 2022, the Company and CMEEC agreed that, for all purposes, the commercial operations date has occurred, and, accordingly, East West Bank no longer had a right to have its investment returned as a result of the Company’s failure to achieve commercial operations in a timely fashion, and this investment became a non-redeemable noncontrolling interest as of December 16, 2022. In addition, on December 16, 2022, the Company paid the aggregate fees of $0.5 million described above to East West Bank. On December 16, 2022, the Company declared and, per the terms of the Amended and Restated Power Purchase Agreement between the Company and CMEEC entered into on that date (the “Amended and Restated PPA”), CMEEC agreed that the Groton Project was commercially operational at 6.0 MW. As of December 16, 2022, the Groton Project is reported as a part of the Company’s generation operating portfolio. The Amended and Restated PPA allowed the Company to operate the plants at a reduced output of approximately 6.0 MW while a Technical Improvement Plan (“TIP”) was implemented with the goal of bringing the platform to its rated capacity of 7.4 MW by December 31, 2023. In conjunction with entering into the Amended and Restated PPA, the Navy also provided its authorization to proceed with commercial operations at 6.0 MW. The Company paid CMEEC an amendment fee of $1.2 million and incurred performance guarantee fees under the Amended and Restated PPA as a result of operating at an output below 7.4 MW during implementation of the TIP. During the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, the Company completed the TIP to bring the Groton Project to its rated capacity and the Groton Project reached its design rated output of 7.4 MW. The Company achieved all conditions precedent required for the first annual funding from East West Bank under the tax equity financing transaction between the Company and East West Bank and, as a result, the Company received a $4.0 million contribution during the year ended October 31, 2024 which is recorded as noncontrolling interest on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Under most partnership flip structures, tax equity investors agree to receive a minimum target rate of return, typically on an after-tax basis. Prior to receiving a contractual rate of return or a date specified in the contractual arrangements, East West Bank will receive substantially all of the non-cash value attributable to the Groton Project, which includes accelerated depreciation and Section 48(a) investment tax credits; however, the Company will receive a majority of the cash distributions (based on the operating income of the Groton Project), which are paid quarterly. After East West Bank receives its contractual rate of return, the Company will receive approximately 95% of the cash and tax allocations. The Company (through a separate wholly owned entity) entered into a back leverage debt financing transaction during fiscal year 2023 and is using the cash distributions from the Groton Partnership to service the debt (refer to Note. 12. “Debt” for additional information). During the year ended October 31, 2024, the Company made priority return distributions to East West Bank of $0.1 million. No priority return distributions were made during the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022. For the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, the net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests totaled $3.5 million and $2.5 million, respectively. There were no amounts allocated to noncontrolling interest for the year ended October 31, 2022 for the Groton Partnership. Yaphank Tax Equity Financing Transaction The Company closed on a tax equity financing transaction in November 2021 with Renewable Energy Investors, LLC (“REI”) for the 7.4 MW fuel cell project (the “LIPA Yaphank Project”) located in Yaphank Long Island. REI’s tax equity commitment totaled $12.4 million. This transaction was structured as a partnership flip. Under this partnership flip structure, a partnership, in this case YTBFC Holdco, LLC (the “Yaphank Partnership”), was organized to acquire from FuelCell Energy Finance II, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, all outstanding equity interests in Yaphank Fuel Cell Park, LLC, which in turn owns the LIPA Yaphank Project and is the party to the power purchase agreement and all project agreements. REI holds Class A Units in the Yaphank Partnership and a subsidiary of the Company holds the Class B Units. The initial funding occurred on December 13, 2021, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions precedent (including the receipt of an appraisal and confirmation that the LIPA Yaphank Project would be eligible for the investment tax credit (“ITC”) under Section 48 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended). In connection with the initial closing, the Company was able to draw down approximately $3.2 million, of which approximately $0.4 million was used to pay closing costs, including title insurance expenses and legal and consulting fees. The Company drew down the remaining amount of the commitment, approximately $9.2 million, in December 2021 and January 2022, after the LIPA Yaphank Project achieved commercial operation. These proceeds were partially offset by legal and advisory fees of approximately $0.4 million. The Company determined during the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 that there was an overpayment by REI of the Class A Member Capital Contribution of $0.5 million and as such the Company refunded this amount back to REI, reducing the REI tax equity commitment to $11.9 million. During the years ended October 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company made priority return distributions to REI of $0.6 million, $0 and $0.3 million, respectively, which was calculated at a 2.73% annual interest rate on invested tax equity capital. Under a partnership flip structure, tax equity investors agree to receive a minimum target rate of return, typically on an after-tax basis. Prior to receiving a contractual rate of return or a date specified in the contractual arrangements, REI will receive substantially all of the non-cash value attributable to the LIPA Yaphank Project, which includes accelerated depreciation and Section 48(a) investment tax credits; however, the Company will receive a majority of the cash distributions (based on the operating income of the LIPA Yaphank Project), which are paid quarterly. After REI receives its contractual rate of return, the Company will receive approximately 95% of the cash and tax allocations. Under this partnership flip structure, after the fifth anniversary following achievement of commercial operations, we have an option to acquire all of the equity interests that REI holds in the Yaphank Partnership starting after REI receives its contractual rate of return (the anticipated “flip” date) after the LIPA Yaphank Project is operational. If we exercise this option, we will be required to pay the greater of the following: (i) the fair market value of REI's equity interest at the time the option is exercised or (ii) an amount equal to 10.3% of REI’s capital contributions. This option payment is to be grossed up for federal taxes if it exceeds the tax basis of the Yaphank Partnership Class A Units. For the years ended October 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest for the Yaphank Partnership totaled $0.9 million, $2.0 million and ($4.5) million, respectively. Toyota Investment Tax Credit Sale On October 31, 2023, REI purchased investment tax credits (“ITCs”) from Long Beach Trigen, LLC (“LB Seller”), a subsidiary of the Company. The Toyota project qualified for $8.4 million of ITCs. The total amount of the purchase was $7.1 million or $0.85 per $1.00 of purchased ITCs. The Company incurred transaction costs of $0.4 million for legal costs and advisory fees. Toyota Motor North America (“Toyota”) has a contractual right under the Toyota HPPA to receive the benefit of the ITCs and, as a result, the Company recorded the value of the net amount due to Toyota as an accrued liability totaling $6.3 million, which will be reduced over time based on the performance under the terms of the contract with Toyota (see Note 10. “Accrued Liabilities” for further information). The balance of this accrued liability is $6.0 million as of October 31, 2024.

Tax Equity Financings and Investment Tax Credit Sale

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2024

Tax Equity Financings and Investment Tax Credit Sale

Tax Equity Financings and Investment Tax Credit Sale

Note 3. Tax Equity Financings and Investment Tax Credit Sale

Derby Tax Equity Financing Transaction

The Company closed on a tax equity financing transaction on October 31, 2023 with Franklin Park for two fuel cell power plant installations -- the 14.0 MW Derby Fuel Cell Project and the 2.8 MW SCEF Fuel Cell Project, both located in Derby, Connecticut (collectively, the “Derby Projects”). Franklin Park’s tax equity commitment totaled $30.2 million. Of this amount, approximately $9.1 million was received on October 31, 2023 and the remaining approximately $21.1 million was received during the year ended October 31, 2024. In connection with the initial closing of this tax equity financing transaction in fiscal year 2023, the Company paid closing costs of approximately $1.8 million, which included appraisal fees, title insurance expenses and legal and consulting fees.

This transaction was structured as a “partnership flip”, which is a structure commonly used by tax equity investors in the financing of renewable energy projects. Under this partnership flip structure, a partnership, in this case Derby Fuel Cell Holdco, LLC (the “Derby Partnership”), was organized to acquire from FuelCell Energy Finance II, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, all outstanding equity interests in the Derby Projects. FuelCell Energy Finance II owns the Derby Projects and is the party to the power purchase agreements and all project agreements. At the closing of the transaction, the Derby Projects are owned by the Derby Partnership with Franklin Park, holding the Class A Units, and Fuel Cell Energy Derby Finance Holdco, LLC holding the Class B Units.

Since the Derby Projects became operational during the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, the Company has begun to allocate profits and losses to noncontrolling interests under the HLBV method. For the year ended October 31, 2024, the net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests totaled $(28.3) million. During the year ended October 31, 2024, the Company made priority return distributions to Franklin Park of $1.0 million. There were no priority return distributions or amounts allocated to noncontrolling interest for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 for the Derby Partnership because the Derby Projects were not yet operational during those years.

Groton Tax Equity Financing Transaction

The Company closed on a tax equity financing transaction in August 2021 with East West Bancorp, Inc. (“East West Bank”) for the 7.4 MW fuel cell project located on the U.S. Navy Submarine Base in Groton, CT (the “Groton Project”). East West Bank’s tax equity commitment totals $15 million.

This transaction was structured as a partnership flip. Under this partnership flip structure, a partnership, in this case Groton Station Fuel Cell Holdco, LLC (the “Groton Partnership”), was organized to acquire from FuelCell Energy Finance II, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, all outstanding equity interests in Groton Station Fuel Cell, LLC (the “Groton Project Company”) which in turn owns the Groton Project and is the party to the power purchase agreement and all project agreements. At the closing of the transaction, the Groton Partnership is owned by East West Bank, holding Class A Units, and Fuel Cell Energy Finance Holdco, LLC, a subsidiary of FuelCell Energy Finance, LLC, holding Class B Units. The acquisition of the Groton Project Company by the Groton Partnership was funded in part by an initial draw from East West Bank and funds contributed downstream to the Groton Partnership by the Company. The initial closing occurred on August 4, 2021, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions precedent (including the receipt of an appraisal and confirmation that the Groton Project would be eligible for the investment tax credit under Section 48 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended). In connection with the initial closing, the Company drew down $3.0 million, of which approximately $0.8 million was used to pay closing costs including appraisal fees, title insurance expenses and legal and consulting fees. Under the original terms of the Company’s agreement with East West Bank, the Company would have been eligible to draw the remaining amount of the commitment, approximately $12 million, once the Groton Project achieved commercial operations.

On July 7, 2022, the Company and East West Bank amended their tax equity financing agreement and extended the commercial operations deadline to September 30, 2022. In addition, in the July 7, 2022 amendment to the tax equity financing agreement, the terms of East West Bank’s remaining investment commitment of $12.0 million were modified such that East West Bank will contribute $4.0 million on each of the first, second and third anniversaries of the Groton Project achieving commercial operations, rather than contributing the full $12.0 million when the Groton Project achieved

commercial operations. Such contributions are subject to certain customer conditions precedent, including a third-party certification by an independent engineer that the plant is operating in conformance with the amended and restated power purchase agreement. When such contributions are made by East West Bank, the funds will be distributed upstream to the Company, as a reimbursement of prior construction costs incurred by the Company. In conjunction with this amendment, the Company agreed to pay aggregate fees of $0.5 million (which are inclusive of the fees from the previous extensions of the commercial operations deadline), which were payable by the Company upon commencement of commercial operations of the plant.

On October 4, 2022, the Company and East West Bank further amended their tax equity financing agreement to extend the deadline by which commercial operations were to be achieved at the Groton Project from September 30, 2022 to November 30, 2022. In addition, modifications to the Groton Project documents between Connecticut Municipal Electric Energy Cooperative (“CMEEC”) and the Company as a result of the agreement between those parties to commence operations at less than 7.4 MW required the approval of East West Bank as part of East West Bank’s rights under the agreement between East West Bank and the Company. On December 16, 2022, the Company and CMEEC agreed that, for all purposes, the commercial operations date has occurred, and, accordingly, East West Bank no longer had a right to have its investment returned as a result of the Company’s failure to achieve commercial operations in a timely fashion, and this investment became a non-redeemable noncontrolling interest as of December 16, 2022. In addition, on December 16, 2022, the Company paid the aggregate fees of $0.5 million described above to East West Bank.

On December 16, 2022, the Company declared and, per the terms of the Amended and Restated Power Purchase Agreement between the Company and CMEEC entered into on that date (the “Amended and Restated PPA”), CMEEC agreed that the Groton Project was commercially operational at 6.0 MW. As of December 16, 2022, the Groton Project is reported as a part of the Company’s generation operating portfolio. The Amended and Restated PPA allowed the Company to operate the plants at a reduced output of approximately 6.0 MW while a Technical Improvement Plan (“TIP”) was implemented with the goal of bringing the platform to its rated capacity of 7.4 MW by December 31, 2023. In conjunction with entering into the Amended and Restated PPA, the Navy also provided its authorization to proceed with commercial operations at 6.0 MW. The Company paid CMEEC an amendment fee of $1.2 million and incurred performance guarantee fees under the Amended and Restated PPA as a result of operating at an output below 7.4 MW during implementation of the TIP.

During the first quarter of fiscal year 2024, the Company completed the TIP to bring the Groton Project to its rated capacity and the Groton Project reached its design rated output of 7.4 MW. The Company achieved all conditions precedent required for the first annual funding from East West Bank under the tax equity financing transaction between the Company and East West Bank and, as a result, the Company received a $4.0 million contribution during the year ended October 31, 2024 which is recorded as noncontrolling interest on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Under most partnership flip structures, tax equity investors agree to receive a minimum target rate of return, typically on an after-tax basis. Prior to receiving a contractual rate of return or a date specified in the contractual arrangements, East West Bank will receive substantially all of the non-cash value attributable to the Groton Project, which includes accelerated depreciation and Section 48(a) investment tax credits; however, the Company will receive a majority of the cash distributions (based on the operating income of the Groton Project), which are paid quarterly. After East West Bank receives its contractual rate of return, the Company will receive approximately 95% of the cash and tax allocations. The Company (through a separate wholly owned entity) entered into a back leverage debt financing transaction during fiscal year 2023 and is using the cash distributions from the Groton Partnership to service the debt (refer to Note. 12. “Debt” for additional information). During the year ended October 31, 2024, the Company made priority return distributions to East West Bank of $0.1 million. No priority return distributions were made during the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022.

For the years ended October 31, 2024 and 2023, the net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests totaled $3.5 million and $2.5 million, respectively. There were no amounts allocated to noncontrolling interest for the year ended October 31, 2022 for the Groton Partnership.

Yaphank Tax Equity Financing Transaction

The Company closed on a tax equity financing transaction in November 2021 with Renewable Energy Investors, LLC (“REI”) for the 7.4 MW fuel cell project (the “LIPA Yaphank Project”) located in Yaphank Long Island. REI’s tax equity commitment totaled $12.4 million.

This transaction was structured as a partnership flip. Under this partnership flip structure, a partnership, in this case YTBFC Holdco, LLC (the “Yaphank Partnership”), was organized to acquire from FuelCell Energy Finance II, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, all outstanding equity interests in Yaphank Fuel Cell Park, LLC, which in turn owns the LIPA Yaphank Project and is the party to the power purchase agreement and all project agreements. REI holds Class A Units in the Yaphank Partnership and a subsidiary of the Company holds the Class B Units. The initial funding occurred on December 13, 2021, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions precedent (including the receipt of an appraisal and confirmation that the LIPA Yaphank Project would be eligible for the investment tax credit (“ITC”) under Section 48 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended). In connection with the initial closing, the Company was able to draw down approximately $3.2 million, of which approximately $0.4 million was used to pay closing costs, including title insurance expenses and legal and consulting fees. The Company drew down the remaining amount of the commitment, approximately $9.2 million, in December 2021 and January 2022, after the LIPA Yaphank Project achieved commercial operation. These proceeds were partially offset by legal and advisory fees of approximately $0.4 million.

The Company determined during the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 that there was an overpayment by REI of the Class A Member Capital Contribution of $0.5 million and as such the Company refunded this amount back to REI, reducing the REI tax equity commitment to $11.9 million. During the years ended October 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company made priority return distributions to REI of $0.6 million, $0 and $0.3 million, respectively, which was calculated at a 2.73% annual interest rate on invested tax equity capital.

Under a partnership flip structure, tax equity investors agree to receive a minimum target rate of return, typically on an after-tax basis. Prior to receiving a contractual rate of return or a date specified in the contractual arrangements, REI will receive substantially all of the non-cash value attributable to the LIPA Yaphank Project, which includes accelerated depreciation and Section 48(a) investment tax credits; however, the Company will receive a majority of the cash distributions (based on the operating income of the LIPA Yaphank Project), which are paid quarterly. After REI receives its contractual rate of return, the Company will receive approximately 95% of the cash and tax allocations.

Under this partnership flip structure, after the fifth anniversary following achievement of commercial operations, we have an option to acquire all of the equity interests that REI holds in the Yaphank Partnership starting after REI receives its contractual rate of return (the anticipated “flip” date) after the LIPA Yaphank Project is operational. If we exercise this option, we will be required to pay the greater of the following: (i) the fair market value of REI's equity interest at the time the option is exercised or (ii) an amount equal to 10.3% of REI’s capital contributions. This option payment is to be grossed up for federal taxes if it exceeds the tax basis of the Yaphank Partnership Class A Units.

For the years ended October 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest for the Yaphank Partnership totaled $0.9 million, $2.0 million and ($4.5) million, respectively.

Toyota Investment Tax Credit Sale

On October 31, 2023, REI purchased investment tax credits (“ITCs”) from Long Beach Trigen, LLC (“LB Seller”), a subsidiary of the Company. The Toyota project qualified for $8.4 million of ITCs. The total amount of the purchase was $7.1 million or $0.85 per $1.00 of purchased ITCs. The Company incurred transaction costs of $0.4 million for legal costs and advisory fees. Toyota Motor North America (“Toyota”) has a contractual right under the Toyota HPPA to receive the benefit of the ITCs and, as a result, the Company recorded the value of the net amount due to Toyota as an accrued liability totaling $6.3 million, which will be reduced over time based on the performance under the terms of the contract with Toyota (see Note 10. “Accrued Liabilities” for further information). The balance of this accrued liability is $6.0 million as of October 31, 2024.