10-Q 1 form10q-070919.htm FORM 10Q Q3FY19

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

| [X] | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended May 31, 2019

| [ ] | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________
Commission file no. 1-11107
FRANKLIN COVEY CO.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Utah (State of incorporation) |  | 87-0401551 (I.R.S. employer identification number)
2200 West Parkway Boulevard Salt Lake City, Utah (Address of principal executive offices) |  | 84119-2099 (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, Including area code |  | (801) 817-1776

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.05 Par Value | FC | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ |  |  |  | Accelerated filer | ☒ |  |  |
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  |  |  | Smaller reporting company | ☒ |  |  |
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of Common Stock as of the latest practicable date:
13,974,222 shares of Common Stock as of June 30, 2019

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FRANKLIN COVEY CO.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per-share amounts)

|  | May 31, |  |  | August 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | (unaudited) |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 10,858 |  |  | $ | 10,153 |
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,170 and $3,555 |  |  | 52,113 |  |  |  | 71,914 |
Inventories |  |  | 3,072 |  |  |  | 3,160 |
Income taxes receivable |  |  | - |  |  |  | 179 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 13,016 |  |  |  | 14,757 |
Total current assets |  |  | 79,059 |  |  |  | 100,163 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 19,171 |  |  |  | 21,401 |
Intangible assets, net |  |  | 48,873 |  |  |  | 51,934 |
Goodwill |  |  | 24,220 |  |  |  | 24,220 |
Deferred income tax assets |  |  | 6,455 |  |  |  | 3,222 |
Other long-term assets |  |  | 10,086 |  |  |  | 12,935 |
|  | $ | 187,864 |  |  | $ | 213,875 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current portion of term notes payable |  | $ | 6,563 |  |  | $ | 10,313 |
Current portion of financing obligation |  |  | 2,273 |  |  |  | 2,092 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 7,428 |  |  |  | 9,790 |
Income taxes payable |  |  | 415 |  |  |  | - |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 45,168 |  |  |  | 51,888 |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 20,505 |  |  |  | 20,761 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 82,352 |  |  |  | 94,844 |
Line of credit |  |  | 4,123 |  |  |  | 11,337 |
Term notes payable, less current portion |  |  | 1,562 |  |  |  | 2,500 |
Financing obligation, less current portion |  |  | 17,258 |  |  |  | 18,983 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 8,193 |  |  |  | 5,501 |
Deferred income tax liabilities |  |  | 210 |  |  |  | 210 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 113,698 |  |  |  | 133,375 |
Shareholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, $.05 par value; 40,000 shares authorized, 27,056 shares issued |  |  | 1,353 |  |  |  | 1,353 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 214,092 |  |  |  | 211,280 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 53,528 |  |  |  | 63,569 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |  |  | 326 |  |  |  | 341 |
Treasury stock at cost, 13,097 shares and 13,159 shares |  |  | (195,133 | ) |  |  | (196,043 | )
Total shareholders’ equity |  |  | 74,166 |  |  |  | 80,500 |
|  | $ | 187,864 |  |  | $ | 213,875 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements
2

FRANKLIN COVEY CO.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(in thousands, except per-share amounts)

|  | Quarter Ended |  |  | Three Quarters Ended |
|  | May 31, |  |  | May 31, |  |  | May 31, |  |  | May 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | (unaudited) |  |  | (unaudited) |
Net sales |  | $ | 56,006 |  |  | $ | 50,461 |  |  | $ | 160,191 |  |  | $ | 144,939 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 16,342 |  |  |  | 15,545 |  |  |  | 48,379 |  |  |  | 44,411 |
Gross profit |  |  | 39,664 |  |  |  | 34,916 |  |  |  | 111,812 |  |  |  | 100,528 |
Selling, general, and administrative |  |  | 38,713 |  |  |  | 34,910 |  |  |  | 109,282 |  |  |  | 103,830 |
Depreciation |  |  | 1,556 |  |  |  | 1,267 |  |  |  | 4,806 |  |  |  | 3,547 |
Amortization |  |  | 1,259 |  |  |  | 1,326 |  |  |  | 3,797 |  |  |  | 4,117 |
Loss from operations |  |  | (1,864 | ) |  |  | (2,587 | ) |  |  | (6,073 | ) |  |  | (10,966 | )
Interest income |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 94 |
Interest expense |  |  | (562 | ) |  |  | (738 | ) |  |  | (1,817 | ) |  |  | (1,979 | )
Discount accretion on related party receivable |  |  | - |  |  |  | 202 |  |  |  | 258 |  |  |  | 258 |
Loss before income taxes |  |  | (2,418 | ) |  |  | (3,088 | ) |  |  | (7,602 | ) |  |  | (12,593 | )
Income tax benefit |  |  | 394 |  |  |  | 554 |  |  |  | 704 |  |  |  | 4,927 |
Net loss |  | $ | (2,024 | ) |  | $ | (2,534 | ) |  | $ | (6,898 | ) |  | $ | (7,666 | )
Net loss per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted |  | $ | (0.14 | ) |  | $ | (0.18 | ) |  | $ | (0.49 | ) |  | $ | (0.55 | )
Weighted average number of common shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted |  |  | 13,963 |  |  |  | 13,896 |  |  |  | 13,939 |  |  |  | 13,829 |
COMPREHENSIVE LOSS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (2,024 | ) |  | $ | (2,534 | ) |  | $ | (6,898 | ) |  | $ | (7,666 | )
Foreign currency translation adjustments, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
net of income tax benefit (provision) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
of $8, $50, $8, and $(44) |  |  | (144 | ) |  |  | (187 | ) |  |  | (15 | ) |  |  | 165 |
Comprehensive loss |  | $ | (2,168 | ) |  | $ | (2,721 | ) |  | $ | (6,913 | ) |  | $ | (7,501 | )

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements
3

FRANKLIN COVEY CO.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)

|  | Three Quarters Ended |
|  | May 31, |  |  | May 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
|  | (unaudited) |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (6,898 | ) |  | $ | (7,666 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 8,619 |  |  |  | 7,725 |
Amortization of capitalized curriculum costs |  |  | 3,951 |  |  |  | 3,923 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | 3,040 |  |  |  | 2,182 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (2,207 | ) |  |  | (6,605 | )
Change in fair value of contingent consideration liabilities |  |  | 1,145 |  |  |  | 789 |
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquired business: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in accounts receivable, net |  |  | 19,461 |  |  |  | 15,489 |
Decrease (increase) in inventories |  |  | 158 |  |  |  | (401 | )
Decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets |  |  | 2,585 |  |  |  | 1,545 |
Decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  |  | (2,792 | ) |  |  | (4,541 | )
Decrease in deferred revenue |  |  | (8,384 | ) |  |  | (2,219 | )
Increase (decrease) in income taxes payable/receivable |  |  | 358 |  |  |  | (564 | )
Decrease in other long-term liabilities |  |  | (412 | ) |  |  | (1,065 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 18,624 |  |  |  | 8,592 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment |  |  | (2,996 | ) |  |  | (4,981 | )
Curriculum development costs |  |  | (1,821 | ) |  |  | (2,445 | )
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired |  |  | (32 | ) |  |  | (1,108 | )
Net cash used for investing activities |  |  | (4,849 | ) |  |  | (8,534 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from line of credit borrowings |  |  | 66,451 |  |  |  | 71,107 |
Payments on line of credit borrowings |  |  | (73,665 | ) |  |  | (59,619 | )
Principal payments on term notes payable |  |  | (4,688 | ) |  |  | (4,687 | )
Principal payments on financing obligation |  |  | (1,544 | ) |  |  | (1,378 | )
Purchases of common stock for treasury |  |  | (12 | ) |  |  | (2,005 | )
Payment of contingent consideration liabilities |  |  | (483 | ) |  |  | (1,188 | )
Proceeds from sales of common stock held in treasury |  |  | 694 |  |  |  | 559 |
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities |  |  | (13,247 | ) |  |  | 2,789 |
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 177 |  |  |  | 3 |
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 705 |  |  |  | 2,850 |
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period |  |  | 10,153 |  |  |  | 8,924 |
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period |  | $ | 10,858 |  |  | $ | 11,774 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for income taxes |  | $ | 1,247 |  |  | $ | 2,118 |
Cash paid for interest |  |  | 1,855 |  |  |  | 1,947 |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment financed by accounts payable |  | $ | 597 |  |  | $ | 1,344 |
Consideration for business acquisition from liabilities of acquiree |  |  | 798 |  |  |  | - |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements
4

FRANKLIN COVEY CO.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(in thousands and unaudited)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Common |  |  | Common |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Treasury |
|  | Stock |  |  | Stock |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Stock |  |  | Stock |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Income |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |
Balance at August 31, 2018 |  |  | 27,056 |  |  | $ | 1,353 |  |  | $ | 211,280 |  |  | $ | 63,569 |  |  | $ | 341 |  |  |  | (13,159 | ) |  | $ | (196,043 | )
Issuance of common stock from |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
treasury |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 64 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 166 |
Purchase of treasury shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 946 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cumulative translation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
adjustments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (309 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cumulative effect of |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
accounting change |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3,143 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,357 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at November 30, 2018 |  |  | 27,056 |  |  |  | 1,353 |  |  |  | 212,290 |  |  |  | 59,069 |  |  |  | 32 |  |  |  | (13,148 | ) |  |  | (195,884 | )
Issuance of common stock from |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
treasury |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 162 |
Purchase of treasury shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (5 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,043 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted stock award |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (426 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 426 |
Cumulative translation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
adjustments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 438 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3,517 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at February 28, 2019 |  |  | 27,056 |  |  |  | 1,353 |  |  |  | 212,960 |  |  |  | 55,552 |  |  |  | 470 |  |  |  | (13,109 | ) |  |  | (195,301 | )
Issuance of common stock from |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
treasury |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 81 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 168 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,051 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cumulative translation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
adjustments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (144 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,024 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at May 31, 2019 |  |  | 27,056 |  |  | $ | 1,353 |  |  | $ | 214,092 |  |  | $ | 53,528 |  |  | $ | 326 |  |  |  | (13,097 | ) |  | $ | (195,133 | )

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements
5

FRANKLIN COVEY CO.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY – PRIOR FISCAL YEAR
(in thousands and unaudited)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Common |  |  | Common |  |  | Additional |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Treasury |
|  | Stock |  |  | Stock |  |  | Paid-In |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Stock |  |  | Stock |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Capital |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Income |  |  | Shares |  |  | Amount |
Balance at August 31, 2017 |  |  | 27,056 |  |  | $ | 1,353 |  |  | $ | 212,484 |  |  | $ | 69,456 |  |  | $ | 667 |  |  |  | (13,414 | ) |  | $ | (198,895 | )
Issuance of common stock from |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
treasury |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3,600 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 256 |  |  |  | 3,758 |
Purchases of common shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
for treasury |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (103 | ) |  |  | (1,968 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 956 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cumulative translation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
adjustments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (77 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,392 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at November 30, 2017 |  |  | 27,056 |  |  |  | 1,353 |  |  |  | 209,840 |  |  |  | 67,064 |  |  |  | 590 |  |  |  | (13,261 | ) |  |  | (197,105 | )
Issuance of common stock from |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
treasury |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (264 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | 456 |
Purchases of common shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
for treasury |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  | (38 | )
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 779 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted stock award |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (348 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 23 |  |  |  | 348 |
Cumulative translation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
adjustments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 429 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,740 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at February 28, 2018 |  |  | 27,056 |  |  |  | 1,353 |  |  |  | 210,007 |  |  |  | 64,324 |  |  |  | 1,019 |  |  |  | (13,179 | ) |  |  | (196,339 | )
Issuance of common stock from |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
treasury |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 68 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  | 142 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 446 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cumulative translation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
adjustments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (187 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,534 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at May 31, 2018 |  |  | 27,056 |  |  | $ | 1,353 |  |  | $ | 210,521 |  |  | $ | 61,790 |  |  | $ | 832 |  |  |  | (13,169 | ) |  | $ | (196,197 | )

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements
6

FRANKLIN COVEY CO.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(unaudited)
NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION
General
Franklin Covey Co. (hereafter referred to as us, we, our, or the Company) is a global company focused on organizational performance improvement. Our mission is to “enable greatness in people and organizations everywhere,” and our global structure is designed to help individuals and organizations achieve sustained superior performance through changes in human behavior. We are fundamentally a content and solutions company, and we believe that our offerings and services create the connection between capabilities and results. Our expertise extends to seven crucial areas: Leadership, Execution, Productivity, Trust, Educational Improvement, Sales Performance, and Customer Loyalty. We believe that our clients are able to utilize our content to create cultures whose hallmarks are high-performing, collaborative individuals, led by effective, trust-building leaders who execute with excellence and deliver measurably improved results for all of their key stakeholders.
In the training and consulting marketplace, we believe there are three important characteristics that distinguish us from our competitors.

1. | World Class Content – Our content is principle-centered and based on natural laws of human behavior and effectiveness. When our content is applied consistently in an organization, we believe the culture of that organization will change to enable the organization to achieve their own great purposes. Our content is designed to build new skillsets, establish new mindsets, and provide enabling toolsets to our clients.

2. | Breadth and Scalability of Delivery Options – We have a wide range of content delivery options, including: subscription offerings, which includes the All Access Pass (available in multiple languages), The Leader in Me membership, and other subscription offerings; intellectual property licenses; on-site training; training led through certified facilitators; on-line learning; blended learning; and organization-wide transformational processes, including consulting and coaching services.

3. | Global Capability – We have sales professionals in the United States and Canada who serve clients in the private sector and in governmental organizations; wholly-owned subsidiaries in Australia, China, Japan, the United Kingdom and new subsidiaries in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria; and we contract with licensee partners who deliver our content and provide related services in over 150 other countries and territories around the world.

We are committed to, and measure ourselves by, our clients’ achievement of transformational results.
We have some of the best-known offerings in the training industry, including a suite of individual-effectiveness and leadership-development training content based on the best-selling books, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People, The Speed of Trust, The Leader in Me, and The 4 Disciplines of Execution, and proprietary content in the areas of Execution, Sales Performance, Productivity, Educational Improvement, and Customer Loyalty. Our offerings are described in further detail at www.franklincovey.com. The information posted on our website is not incorporated into this report.
7

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) necessary to present fairly the financial position and results of operations of the Company as of the dates and for the periods indicated. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America have been condensed or omitted pursuant to Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) rules and regulations. The information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2018.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Our fiscal year ends on August 31 of each year and our fiscal quarters end on the last day of November, February, and May of each year.
The results of operations for the quarter and three quarters ended May 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of results expected for the entire fiscal year ending August 31, 2019, or for any future periods.
Accounting Pronouncements Issued and Adopted
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). This new standard was issued in conjunction with the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and is designed to create a single, principles-based process by which all businesses calculate revenue. The core principle of this standard is that an entity should recognize revenue for the transfer of goods or services equal to the amount that it expects to be entitled to receive for those goods or services. The new standard replaces numerous individual, industry-specific revenue rules found in generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. We adopted ASU No. 2014-09 on September 1, 2018 using the “modified retrospective” approach. Under this transition method, we applied the new standard to contracts that were not completed as of the adoption date and recognized a cumulative effect adjustment which reduced our retained earnings by $4.1 million ($3.1 million, net of tax) on September 1, 2018, which primarily consisted of initial licensing fees on international locations. The comparative prior period information has not been restated and continues to be presented according to accounting standards for revenue recognition in effect during the periods presented.
The primary impact of ASU No. 2014-09 on our revenue recognition policies is a change in the way we account for our initial license fee associated with licensing an international location. The Company previously recorded the non-refundable initial license fee from licensing an international location as revenue at the time the license period begins if all other revenue requirements had been met. However, under Topic 606, the Company will recognize revenue on the upfront fees over the duration of the contract.
Under Topic 606, we will account for the All Access Pass (AAP) as a single performance obligation and recognize the associated transaction price on a straight-line basis over the term of the underlying contract. This determination was reached after considering that our web-based functionality and content, in combination with our intellectual property, each represent inputs that transform into a combined output that represents the intended outcome of the AAP, which is to provide a continuously accessible, customized, and dynamic learning and development solution only accessible through the AAP platform.
8

We do not expect the accounting for fulfillment costs or costs incurred to obtain a contract to be materially affected in any period due to the adoption of ASU 2014-09. While we do not believe the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will materially impact our annual financial statements, the change in the timing of revenue recognition of certain contracts could result in significant quarter-to-quarter fluctuations in revenue. See Note 2 for further details regarding our revenue recognition accounting policies under Topic 606.
The cumulative after-tax effects of the changes made to our consolidated balance sheet from the adoption of Topic 606 were as follows (in thousands):

|  | August 31, |  |  | ASC 606 |  |  | September 1, |
|  | 2018 |  |  | Adjustments |  |  | 2018 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other current assets |  | $ | 10,893 |  |  | $ | 109 |  |  | $ | 11,002 |
Deferred income tax assets |  |  | 3,222 |  |  |  | 1,005 |  |  |  | 4,227 |
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 51,888 |  |  |  | 2,008 |  |  |  | 53,896 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 5,501 |  |  |  | 2,249 |  |  |  | 7,750 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 63,569 |  |  |  | (3,143 | ) |  |  | 60,426 |

The following line items in our condensed consolidated statement of operations were impacted by the adoption of the new standard for the quarter ended May 31, 2019 (in thousands, except per-share data):

|  | May 31, |  |  | May 31, |  |  |  |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | Impact of |
|  | As Reported |  |  | Without ASC 606 |  |  | ASC 606 |
Revenue |  | $ | 56,006 |  |  | $ | 56,160 |  |  | $ | (154 | )
Cost of sales |  |  | 16,342 |  |  |  | 16,342 |  |  |  | - |
Selling, general, and administrative |  |  | 38,713 |  |  |  | 38,686 |  |  |  | 27 |
Income tax benefit |  |  | 394 |  |  |  | 349 |  |  |  | 45 |
Net loss |  |  | (2,024 | ) |  |  | (1,888 | ) |  |  | (136 | )
Net loss per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted |  | $ | (0.14 | ) |  | $ | (0.14 | ) |  |  |  |

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The following line items in our condensed consolidated statements of operations were impacted by the adoption of Topic 606 for the three quarters ended May 31, 2019 (in thousands, except per-share data):

|  | Three Quarters |  |  | Three Quarters |  |  |  |
|  | Ended May 31, |  |  | Ended May 31, |  |  |  |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | Impact of |
|  | As Reported |  |  | Without ASC 606 |  |  | ASC 606 |
Revenue |  | $ | 160,191 |  |  | $ | 158,813 |  |  | $ | 1,378 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 48,379 |  |  |  | 48,379 |  |  |  | - |
Selling, general, and administrative |  |  | 109,282 |  |  |  | 109,173 |  |  |  | 109 |
Income tax benefit |  |  | 704 |  |  |  | 387 |  |  |  | 317 |
Net loss |  |  | (6,898 | ) |  |  | (8,484 | ) |  |  | 1,586 |
Net loss per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted |  | $ | (0.49 | ) |  | $ | (0.61 | ) |  |  |  |

Selected condensed consolidated balance sheet line items as of May 31, 2019, which were impacted by the adoption of the new standard, are as follows (in thousands):

|  | May 31, |  |  | May 31, |  |  |  |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | Impact of |
|  | As Reported |  |  | Without ASC 606 |  |  | ASC 606 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | $ | 13,016 |  |  | $ | 12,907 |  |  | $ | 109 |
Deferred income tax assets |  |  | 6,455 |  |  |  | 6,772 |  |  |  | (317 | )
Total assets |  |  | 187,864 |  |  |  | 188,072 |  |  |  | (208 | )
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 45,168 |  |  |  | 43,715 |  |  |  | 1,453 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 8,193 |  |  |  | 8,268 |  |  |  | (75 | )
Retained earnings |  |  | 53,528 |  |  |  | 55,114 |  |  |  | (1,586 | )
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity |  |  | 187,864 |  |  |  | 188,072 |  |  |  | (208 | )

The adoption of ASC Topic 606 did not have a material impact on our cash flows from operating, investing, or financing activities.
Accounting Pronouncements Issued Not Yet Adopted
Leases (Topic 842)
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which supersedes FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 840, Leases. The new lease accounting standard is the result of a collaborative effort with the IASB (similar to the new revenue standard described above) and establishes a comprehensive new lease accounting model. This new standard will affect all entities that lease assets and will require lessees to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases (except for short-term leases that have a duration of less than one year) as of the date on which the lessor makes the underlying asset available to the lessee. The lease liability will be equal to the present value of lease payments. The right-of-use asset will be based on the liability, subject to adjustment, such as for initial direct costs. For lessors, accounting for leases is substantially the same as in prior periods. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases. ASU No. 2018-10 clarifies or corrects unintended application of certain guidance found in ASU No. 2016-02.
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We are required to adopt the provisions of ASU No. 2016-02 and ASU No. 2018-10 on September 1, 2019, which is the beginning of fiscal 2020. We expect to adopt the new accounting guidance using the additional modified retrospective transition method provided by ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements. Under this approach, the cumulative effect of the transition adjustments is applied to the related opening balances on our consolidated balance sheet in the period of adoption. However, comparative periods prior to the adoption date and their respective disclosures will be presented using the legacy leasing guidance found in Topic 840.
At May 31, 2019, our leases primarily consist of the lease on our corporate campus, which is accounted for as a financing obligation on our consolidated balance sheets and operating leases for office space, office equipment, and warehousing space. We expect the adoption of this new standard will increase our reported assets and liabilities since we will record the lease obligation and a corresponding right of use asset on our balance sheet for leases that are currently accounted for as operating leases. However, as of May 31, 2019, we have not yet determined the full impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have on our consolidated financial statements.
Stock-Based Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation: Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (Topic 718). ASU No. 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. The amendments in this update specify that Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The amendments also clarify that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used effectively to provide financing to the issuer or awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The new guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early application permitted. We expect to adopt the provisions of ASU No. 2018-07 on June 1, 2019. However, we have not previously granted awards to non-employees (except for members of the Board of Directors) and we do not expect any cumulative impact from the adoption ASU No. 2018-07. We do not believe the adoption of ASU No. 2018-07 will have any impact on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows, or disclosures.
NOTE 2 – REVENUE RECOGNITION
We account for revenue in accordance with Topic 606, which was adopted on September 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method (Note 1). We earn revenue from contracts with customers primarily through the delivery of our All Access Pass and The Leader in Me subscription offerings, through the delivery of training days and training course materials, and through the licensing of rights to sell our content into geographic locations where the Company does not maintain a direct office. We also earn revenues from leasing arrangements that are not accounted for under Topic 606. Returns and refunds are generally immaterial, and we do not have any significant warranty obligations.
Under Topic 606, we recognize revenue upon the transfer of control of promised products and services to customers in an amount equal to the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. Although rare, if the consideration promised in a contract includes variable amounts, we evaluate the estimate of variable consideration to determine whether the estimate needs to be constrained. We include the variable consideration in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable a significant reversal of the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur.
11

We determine the amount of revenue to be recognized through application of the following steps:

• | Identification of the contract with a customer

• | Identification of the performance obligations in the contract

• | Determination of the transaction price

• | Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract

• | Recognition of revenue when the Company satisfies the performance obligations

Taxes assessed by a government authority that are collected from a customer are excluded from net revenue.
Subscription and Support Revenues
Subscription revenues primarily relate to the Company’s All Access Pass and The Leader in Me subscription offerings. We have determined that it is most appropriate to account for the AAP subscription as single performance obligation and recognize the associated transaction price ratably over the term of the underlying contract beginning on the commencement date of each contract, which is the date the Company’s platforms and resources are made available to the customer. This determination was reached after considering that our web-based functionality and content, in combination with our intellectual property, each represent inputs that transform into a combined output that represents the intended outcome of the AAP, which is to provide a continuously accessible, customized, and dynamic learning and development solution only accessible through the AAP platform.
We typically invoice our customers annually upon execution of the contract or subsequent renewals. Amounts that have been invoiced are recorded in accounts receivable and in unearned revenue or revenue, depending on whether transfer of control has occurred.
Training Days and Product Sales
We deliver Company-led training days from our offerings, such as The 7 Habits of Highly Effect People, at a customer’s location based upon a daily consultant rate and a set price for training materials. These revenues are recognized as the training days occur and the services are performed. Customers also have the option to purchase training materials and present our offerings through internal facilitators and not through the use of a Franklin Covey consultant. Revenue is recognized from these product sales when the materials are shipped. Shipping revenues associated with product sales are recorded in revenue with the corresponding shipping cost being recorded as a component of cost of sales.
Geographic Location License Rights
Our international strategy includes the use of licensees in countries where we do not have a wholly-owned direct office. Licensee companies are unrelated entities that have been granted a license to translate our content and offerings, adapt the content to the local culture, and sell our content in a specific country or region. Licensees are required to pay us royalties based upon a percentage of their sales to clients. We recognize royalty income each reporting period based upon the sales information reported to us from our licensees. When sales information is not received from a particular licensee at the end of a reporting period, the Company estimates the amount of royalties to be received for the period that is being reported based upon prior forecasts and historical performance. These estimated royalties are recorded as revenue and are adjusted, if necessary, in the subsequent period.
12

The primary impact of ASU No. 2014-09 on our financial statements is a change in the way we account for the initial license fee associated with licensing an international location. The Company previously recorded the non-refundable initial license fee from licensing an international location as revenue at the time the license period began if all other revenue requirements had been met. However, under Topic 606, we recognize revenue on the upfront fees over the term of the initial contract.
Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations
We periodically enter into contracts that include multiple performance obligations. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer products or services that are distinct, or that are distinct within the context of the contract. A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when the performance obligation is satisfied. Determining whether products and services meet the distinct criteria that should be accounted for separately or combined as one unit of accounting requires significant judgment.
When determining whether goods and services meet the distinct criteria we consider various factors for each agreement including the availability of the services and the nature of the offerings and services. We allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price (SSP) basis. Significant judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. The SSP is the price which the Company would sell a promised product or service separately to a customer. In determining the SSP, we consider the size and volume of transactions, the geographic location, price lists, historical sales, and contract prices. We may modify our pricing from time-to-time in the future, which could result in changes to the SSP.
Contract Balances
As described above, subscription revenue is generally recognized ratably over the term of the underlying contract beginning on the commencement date of each contract. The timing of when these contracts are invoiced, cash is collected, and revenue is recognized impacts our accounts receivable and deferred revenue accounts. We generally bill our clients in advance for subscription offerings or within the month that the training and products are delivered. As such, consideration due to the Company for work performed is included in accounts receivable and we do not have a significant amount of contract assets. Our receivables are generally collected within 30 to 120 days but typically no longer than 12 months. Deferred revenue primarily consists of billings or payments received in advance of revenue being recognized from our subscription offerings. Furthermore, our clients, to expend funds in a particular budget cycle, may prepay for services or products which are also a component of our consolidated deferred revenue. Our deferred revenue totaled $48.7 million at May 31, 2019 and $52.9 million at August 31, 2018, of which $3.5 million and $1.0 million were classified as components of other long-term liabilities at May 31, 2019 and August 31, 2018, respectively. The amount of deferred revenue that was generated from subscription offerings totaled $39.9 million at May 31, 2019 and $48.4 million at August 31, 2018. During the quarter and three quarters ended May 31, 2019, we recognized $18.9 million and $55.1 million of previously deferred subscription revenue.
Remaining Performance Obligations
When possible, we enter into multi-year non-cancellable contracts which are invoiced either upon execution of the contract or at the beginning of each annual contract period. Topic 606 introduced the concept of remaining transaction price which represents contracted revenue that has not yet been recognized, including unearned revenue and unbilled amounts that will be recognized as revenue in future periods. Transaction price is influenced by factors such as seasonality, the average length of the contract term, and the ability of the Company to continue to enter multi-year non-cancellable contracts. At May 31, 2019 we had $63.7 million of remaining performance obligations, including the amount of deferred revenue related to our subscription offerings, of which approximately 75 percent will be recognized over the next 12 months.
13

Costs Capitalized to Obtain Contracts
We capitalize the incremental costs of obtaining non-cancellable subscription revenue, primarily from the All Access Pass and The Leader in Me subscription offerings. These incremental costs consist of sales commissions paid to our direct sales force and include the associated payroll taxes and fringe benefits. As the same commission rates are paid annually when the customer renews their contract, the capitalized commission costs are amortized ratably on an annual basis. At May 31, 2019 the Company has capitalized $6.2 million of direct sales commissions, which are included as a component of other current assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. During the quarter and three quarters ended May 31, 2019, we capitalized $4.0 million and $7.8 million of costs to obtain revenue contracts and amortized $4.0 million and $8.8 million to selling, general, and administrative expense, respectively.
Refer to Note 9 (Segment Information) to these condensed consolidated financial statements for our disaggregated revenue information.
NOTE 3 – ACQUISITION OF GERMANY, SWITZERLAND, AND AUSTRIA LICENSEE
On December 5, 2018, we purchased all of the equity of Leadership Institut GmbH, a Munich, Germany based company with wholly owned subsidiary companies in Switzerland and Austria. Leadership Institut GmbH previously operated as an independent licensee that provided our training and products to Germany, Switzerland, and Austria (GSA). We are transitioning the GSA licensee operation into a directly owned office operation similar to the fiscal 2017 transition of the licensee operation in China. The purchase price was $0.2 million in cash, plus $0.8 million in forgiveness of liabilities owed to the Company from the pre-existing relationship at the purchase date. There is no contingent or other additional consideration associated with the purchase of the former GSA licensee. We accounted for the acquisition of Leadership Institut Gmbh as a business combination in the second quarter of fiscal 2019. We also expect to incur additional costs for severance, legal, and other related acquisition expenses. These additional costs are expected to total approximately $0.8 million and will be expensed as incurred in selling, general, and administrative expense. The acquisition of the GSA licensee will provide us with the opportunity to operate a directly owned office in one of the world’s largest economic markets and is expected to provide significant future growth opportunities. The total purchase price consisted of the following (in thousands):

Cash paid at closing |  | $ | 159 |
Accounts receivable from GSA licensee |  |  | 798 |
Total purchase price |  | $ | 957 |

The major classes of assets and liabilities to which we have preliminarily allocated the purchase price were as follows (in thousands):

Cash acquired |  | $ | 127 |
Accounts receivable |  |  | 564 |
Inventories |  |  | 80 |
Prepaid and other current assets |  |  | 45 |
Intangible assets |  |  | 741 |
Property and equipment |  |  | 27 |
Other long-term assets |  |  | 11 |
Assets acquired |  |  | 1,595 |
Accounts payable |  |  | (208 | )
Accrued liabilities |  |  | (383 | )
Income taxes payable |  |  | (47 | )
Liabilities assumed |  |  | (638 | )
|  | $ | 957 |

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The preliminary allocation of the purchase price to the intangible assets acquired was as follows (in thousands):

|  |  |  | Weighted Average
Description |  | Amount |  | Life
Reacquisition of license rights |  | $ | 360 |  | 3 years
Localized content |  |  | 202 |  | 3 years
Customer relationships |  |  | 179 |  | 3 years
|  | $ | 741 |  |

We have included the financial results of the former GSA licensee in our financial results since the date of acquisition. Since the date of the acquisition, the new direct office that serves the GSA region had $1.1 million of sales and a $0.3 million operating loss. During the second and third quarters of the prior year, we recognized $0.4 million of royalty revenue from the GSA licensee. For the twelve months ended August 31, 2018, the former GSA licensee had $3.3 million of sales and a $1.3 million pre-tax tax loss.
NOTE 4 – INVENTORIES
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, cost being determined using the first-in, first-out method, and were comprised of the following (in thousands):

|  | May 31, |  |  | August 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Finished goods |  | $ | 3,041 |  |  | $ | 3,130 |
Raw materials |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 30 |
|  | $ | 3,072 |  |  | $ | 3,160 |

NOTE 5 – FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
At May 31, 2019, the carrying value of our financial instruments approximated their fair values. The fair values of our contingent consideration liabilities from business acquisitions are considered “level 3” measurements because we use various estimates in the valuation models to project the timing and amount of future contingent payments. The valuation models described in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2018 were utilized during the current period (with updated estimates) to arrive at the estimated fair values of the contingent consideration liabilities on the reporting date. During the quarter ended May 31, 2019, we amended the Robert Gregory Partners (RGP) acquisition agreement to reflect events and implementation issues that have occurred since the acquisition date. The amended contract increased the contingent consideration liability from the RGP acquisition by $1.1 million during the quarter ended May 31, 2019. The fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities from the acquisitions of RGP and Jhana Education (Jhana) changed as follows during the three quarters ended May 31, 2019 (in thousands):
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|  | Balance at |  |  | Change in |  |  |  |  |  | Balance at |
|  | August 31, 2018 |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Payments |  |  | May 31, 2019 |
RGP Acquisition |  | $ | 606 |  |  | $ | 1,096 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,702 |
Jhana Acquisition |  |  | 3,942 |  |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | (483 | ) |  |  | 3,508 |
|  | $ | 4,548 |  |  | $ | 1,145 |  |  | $ | (483 | ) |  | $ | 5,210 |

Approximately $0.9 million of the Jhana and $0.5 million of the RGP contingent consideration liabilities were recorded as components of accrued liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheet at May 31, 2019. The remainder of our contingent consideration liabilities are classified as other long-term liabilities. Adjustments to the fair value of our contingent consideration liabilities are included in selling, general, and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.
NOTE 6 – STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
The cost of our stock-based compensation plans is included in selling, general, and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations. Our stock-based compensation expense was comprised of the following for the periods presented (in thousands):

|  | Quarter Ended |  |  | Three Quarters Ended |
|  | May 31, |  |  | May 31, |  |  | May 31, |  |  | May 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Long-term incentive awards |  | $ | 826 |  |  | $ | 227 |  |  | $ | 2,384 |  |  | $ | 1,601 |
Restricted stock awards |  |  | 175 |  |  |  | 175 |  |  |  | 525 |  |  |  | 467 |
Employee stock purchase plan |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 131 |  |  |  | 114 |
|  | $ | 1,051 |  |  | $ | 446 |  |  | $ | 3,040 |  |  | $ | 2,182 |

During the quarter and three quarters ended May 31, 2019, we issued 11,249 shares and 62,181 shares of our common stock under various stock-based compensation arrangements. Our stock-based compensation plans also allow shares to be withheld to cover statutory income taxes if so elected by the award recipient. During fiscal 2019, we withheld 561 shares of our common stock for taxes on stock-based compensation arrangements. The following is a description of the developments in our stock-based compensation plans during the quarter and three quarters ended May 31, 2019.
Fiscal 2019 Restricted Stock Award
Our annual restricted stock award granted to non-employee members of the Board of Directors is administered under the terms of the 2019 Franklin Covey Co. Omnibus Incentive Plan, and is designed to provide our non-employee directors, who are not eligible to participate in our employee stock purchase plan, an opportunity to obtain an interest in the Company through the acquisition of shares of our common stock. The annual award is granted in January (following the annual shareholders’ meeting) of each year. For the fiscal 2019 award, each eligible director received a whole-share grant equal to $100,000 with a one-year vesting period. Our restricted stock award activity during the three quarters ended May 31, 2019 consisted of the following:
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|  |  |  |  | Weighted-Average |
|  |  |  |  | Grant Date |
|  | Number of |  |  | Fair Value |
|  | Shares |  |  | Per Share |
Restricted stock awards at |  |  |  |  |  |
August 31, 2018 |  |  | 23,338 |  |  | $ | 30.00 |
Granted |  |  | 28,525 |  |  |  | 24.54 |
Forfeited |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Vested |  |  | (23,338 | ) |  |  | 30.00 |
Restricted stock awards at |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
May 31, 2019 |  |  | 28,525 |  |  | $ | 24.54 |

At May 31, 2019, there was $0.4 million of unrecognized compensation expense remaining on the fiscal 2019 Board of Director restricted share award.
Fiscal 2019 Time-Based Award
On January 25, 2019, the Organization and Compensation Committee (the Compensation Committee) of the Board of Directors approved a new incentive plan award for the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief People Officer that has a two-year time-based vesting (service) condition. A total of 11,915 shares were issued to the participants in connection with this award. The fair value of this award was calculated by multiplying the number of shares times the closing price of the Company’s common stock on the grant date, which was $24.54 per share. The fair value of this award totals $0.3 million, which will be expensed evenly over the two-year service period.
Fiscal 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan Award
On October 1, 2018, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors granted a new long-term incentive plan (LTIP) award to our executive officers and members of senior management. The fiscal 2019 LTIP award is similar to the fiscal 2018 LTIP award and has three tranches, one of which has a time-based vesting condition and two of which have performance-based vesting conditions as described below:

• | Time-Based Award Shares – Twenty-five percent of the 2019 LTIP award shares vest to participants after three years of service. The total number of shares that may be earned by participants after three years of service is 36,470 shares. The number of shares awarded in this tranche is not variable and will not fluctuate based on financial measures.

• | Performance-Based Award Shares – The remaining two tranches of the 2019 LTIP award are based on fiscal 2021 qualified adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (Adjusted EBITDA) and fiscal 2021 subscription service sales, respectively. The number of shares that will vest to participants for these two tranches is variable and may be 50 percent of the award (minimum award threshold) up to 200 percent of the participant’s award (maximum threshold). The number of shares that may be earned for achieving 100 percent of the performance-based objectives (target award threshold) totals 109,409 shares. The maximum number of shares that may be awarded in connection with the performance-based tranches of the 2019 LTIP totals 218,818 shares.

The fiscal 2019 LTIP has a three-year life and expires on August 31, 2021.
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Compensation expense recognized during the quarter and three quarters ended May 31, 2019, for long-term incentive plan awards in the table above includes expense related to awards granted in previous periods for which the performance conditions we believe are probable of being achieved.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
We have an employee stock purchase plan (ESPP) that offers qualified employees the opportunity to purchase shares of our common stock at a price equal to 85 percent of the average fair market value of our common stock on the last trading day of each fiscal quarter. During the quarter and three quarters ended May 31, 2019, we issued 11,249 shares and 32,467 shares of our common stock to participants in the ESPP.
NOTE 7 – INCOME TAXES
The Tax Cut and Jobs Act (the 2017 Tax Act) was signed into law on December 22, 2017. The 2017 Tax Act significantly revises the U.S. corporate income tax code by, among other things, lowering the statutory corporate tax rate from 35 percent to 21 percent; eliminating certain deductions; imposing a mandatory one-time transition tax, or deemed repatriation tax, on accumulated earnings of foreign subsidiaries as of 2017 that were previously tax deferred; introducing new tax regimes; and changing how foreign earnings are subject to U.S. tax.
Since we have an August 31 fiscal year end, the lower corporate income tax rate was phased in, resulting in a U.S. statutory federal rate of 25.7 percent during fiscal 2018 and a 21 percent rate for fiscal 2019 and subsequent fiscal years. Other provisions of the 2017 Tax Act, which were not effective for us in fiscal 2018, are now effective for fiscal 2019 and future years, including limitations on the deductibility of interest and executive compensation as well as anti-deferral provisions on Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI).
We recorded an income tax benefit of $0.7 million for the three quarters ended May 31, 2019 on a pre-tax loss of $7.6 million, resulting in an effective tax benefit rate of 9.3 percent. Our effective benefit rate was adversely affected by GILTI tax expense, non-deductible expenses, and effective foreign tax rates which are significantly higher than the U.S. statutory rate. We recorded GILTI tax expense totaling $0.3 million during the first three quarters of fiscal 2019, based on the earnings of our foreign subsidiaries. Net operating loss carryforwards prevented us from using foreign tax credits against this tax. Unlike regular foreign tax credits, we permanently forego any unused foreign tax credits applicable to GILTI.
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NOTE 8 – LOSS PER SHARE
The following schedule shows the calculation of loss per share for the periods presented (in thousands, except per-share amounts).

|  | Quarter Ended |  |  | Three Quarters Ended |
|  | May 31, |  |  | May 31, |  |  | May 31, |  |  | May 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Numerator for basic and |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
diluted loss per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  | $ | (2,024 | ) |  | $ | (2,534 | ) |  | $ | (6,898 | ) |  | $ | (7,666 | )
Denominator for basic and |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
diluted loss per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic weighted average shares |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
outstanding |  |  | 13,963 |  |  |  | 13,896 |  |  |  | 13,939 |  |  |  | 13,829 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options and other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
stock-based awards |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Diluted weighted average |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
shares outstanding |  |  | 13,963 |  |  |  | 13,896 |  |  |  | 13,939 |  |  |  | 13,829 |
EPS Calculations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic and diluted |  | $ | (0.14 | ) |  | $ | (0.18 | ) |  | $ | (0.49 | ) |  | $ | (0.55 | )

Since we incurred a net loss for the quarter and three quarters ended May 31, 2019, no potentially dilutive securities are included in the calculations of diluted loss per share because such effect would be anti-dilutive. The number of dilutive stock options and other stock-based awards for the quarter ended May 31, 2019 would have been approximately 213,000 shares.
NOTE 9 – SEGMENT INFORMATION
Segment Information
Our sales are primarily comprised of training and consulting services. Our internal reporting and operating structure is currently organized around two divisions. The Enterprise Division, which consists of our Direct Office and International Licensee segments and the Education Division, which is comprised of our Education practice. Based on the applicable guidance, our operations are comprised of three reportable segments and a corporate services group. The following is a brief description of our reportable segments:

• | Direct Offices – Our Direct Office segment has a depth of expertise in helping organizations solve problems that require changes in human behavior, including leadership, productivity, execution, trust, and sales performance. We have a variety of principle-based offerings that help build winning and profitable cultures. This segment includes our sales personnel that serve the United States and Canada; our international sales offices located in Japan, China, the United Kingdom, Australia, and our new operations in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria; our government services sales channel; and our public programs operations.

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• | International Licensees – Our independently owned international licensees provide our offerings and services in countries where we do not have a directly-owned office. These licensee partners allow us to expand the reach of our services to large multinational organizations as well as smaller organizations in their countries. This segment’s results are primarily comprised of royalty revenues received from these licensees.

• | Education Practice – Centered around the principles found in The Leader in Me, the Education practice is dedicated to helping educational institutions build a culture that will produce great results. We believe these results are manifested by increases in student performance, improved school culture, decreased disciplinary issues, and increased teacher engagement and parental involvement. This segment includes our domestic and international Education practice operations, which are focused on sales to educational institutions such as elementary schools, high schools, and colleges and universities.

• | Corporate and Other – Our corporate and other information includes leasing operations, shipping and handling revenues, and certain corporate administrative expenses.

We determined that the Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), and the primary measurement tool used in business unit performance analysis is Adjusted EBITDA, which may not be calculated as similarly titled amounts disclosed by other companies. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. For reporting purposes, our consolidated Adjusted EBITDA may be calculated as our income or loss from operations excluding stock-based compensation, depreciation expense, amortization expense, and certain other charges such as adjustments for changes in the fair value of contingent liabilities from business acquisitions. The Company references this non-GAAP financial measure in its decision making because it provides supplemental information that facilitates consistent internal comparisons to the historical operating performance of prior periods and we believe it provides investors with greater transparency to evaluate operational activities and financial results.
Our operations are not capital intensive and we do not own any manufacturing facilities or equipment. Accordingly, we do not allocate assets to the reportable segments for analysis purposes. Interest expense and interest income are primarily generated at the corporate level and are not allocated. Income taxes are likewise calculated and paid on a corporate level (except for entities that operate in foreign jurisdictions) and are not allocated for analysis purposes. We peridically make minor changes to our reporting structure in the normal course of operations. The segment information presented below reflects certain revisions to our reporting structure which occurred during fiscal 2019. Prior period segment information has been revised to conform with our current reporting.
We account for the following segment information on the same basis as the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements (in thousands).
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|  | Sales to |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Quarter Ended |  | External |  |  |  |  |  | Adjusted |
May 31, 2019 |  | Customers |  |  | Gross Profit |  |  | EBITDA |
Enterprise Division: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct offices |  | $ | 40,387 |  |  | $ | 29,836 |  |  | $ | 4,520 |
International licensees |  |  | 3,014 |  |  |  | 2,432 |  |  |  | 1,281 |
|  |  | 43,401 |  |  |  | 32,268 |  |  |  | 5,801 |
Education practice |  |  | 11,088 |  |  |  | 6,846 |  |  |  | (181 | )
Corporate and eliminations |  |  | 1,517 |  |  |  | 550 |  |  |  | (2,549 | )
Consolidated |  | $ | 56,006 |  |  | $ | 39,664 |  |  | $ | 3,071 |
Quarter Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
May 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Enterprise Division: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct offices |  | $ | 36,331 |  |  | $ | 26,444 |  |  | $ | 2,190 |
International licensees |  |  | 3,543 |  |  |  | 2,735 |  |  |  | 1,651 |
|  |  | 39,874 |  |  |  | 29,179 |  |  |  | 3,841 |
Education practice |  |  | 9,235 |  |  |  | 5,501 |  |  |  | (901 | )
Corporate and eliminations |  |  | 1,352 |  |  |  | 236 |  |  |  | (2,352 | )
Consolidated |  | $ | 50,461 |  |  | $ | 34,916 |  |  | $ | 588 |
Three Quarters Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
May 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Enterprise Division: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct offices |  | $ | 115,271 |  |  | $ | 84,200 |  |  | $ | 10,703 |
International licensees |  |  | 9,598 |  |  |  | 7,515 |  |  |  | 4,127 |
|  |  | 124,869 |  |  |  | 91,715 |  |  |  | 14,830 |
Education practice |  |  | 31,132 |  |  |  | 18,668 |  |  |  | (1,355 | )
Corporate and eliminations |  |  | 4,190 |  |  |  | 1,429 |  |  |  | (6,272 | )
Consolidated |  | $ | 160,191 |  |  | $ | 111,812 |  |  | $ | 7,203 |
Three Quarters Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
May 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Enterprise Division: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct offices |  | $ | 103,802 |  |  | $ | 75,886 |  |  | $ | 5,913 |
International licensees |  |  | 9,909 |  |  |  | 7,601 |  |  |  | 4,222 |
|  |  | 113,711 |  |  |  | 83,487 |  |  |  | 10,135 |
Education practice |  |  | 27,418 |  |  |  | 16,094 |  |  |  | (2,894 | )
Corporate and eliminations |  |  | 3,810 |  |  |  | 947 |  |  |  | (6,717 | )
Consolidated |  | $ | 144,939 |  |  | $ | 100,528 |  |  | $ | 524 |

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A reconciliation of our consolidated Adjusted EBITDA to consolidated net loss is provided below (in thousands).

|  | Quarter Ended |  |  | Three Quarters Ended |
|  | May 31, |  |  | May 31, |  |  | May 31, |  |  | May 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Segment Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 5,620 |  |  | $ | 2,940 |  |  | $ | 13,475 |  |  | $ | 7,241 |
Corporate expenses |  |  | (2,549 | ) |  |  | (2,352 | ) |  |  | (6,272 | ) |  |  | (6,717 | )
Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA |  |  | 3,071 |  |  |  | 588 |  |  |  | 7,203 |  |  |  | 524 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  |  | (1,051 | ) |  |  | (446 | ) |  |  | (3,040 | ) |  |  | (2,182 | )
Increase in contingent consideration liabilities |  |  | (1,069 | ) |  |  | (136 | ) |  |  | (1,145 | ) |  |  | (789 | )
Licensee transition costs |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (488 | ) |  |  | - |
ERP system implementation costs |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (855 | )
Depreciation |  |  | (1,556 | ) |  |  | (1,267 | ) |  |  | (4,806 | ) |  |  | (3,547 | )
Amortization |  |  | (1,259 | ) |  |  | (1,326 | ) |  |  | (3,797 | ) |  |  | (4,117 | )
Loss from operations |  |  | (1,864 | ) |  |  | (2,587 | ) |  |  | (6,073 | ) |  |  | (10,966 | )
Interest income |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 94 |
Interest expense |  |  | (562 | ) |  |  | (738 | ) |  |  | (1,817 | ) |  |  | (1,979 | )
Discount accretion on related |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
party receivable |  |  | - |  |  |  | 202 |  |  |  | 258 |  |  |  | 258 |
Loss before income taxes |  |  | (2,418 | ) |  |  | (3,088 | ) |  |  | (7,602 | ) |  |  | (12,593 | )
Income tax benefit |  |  | 394 |  |  |  | 554 |  |  |  | 704 |  |  |  | 4,927 |
Net loss |  | $ | (2,024 | ) |  | $ | (2,534 | ) |  | $ | (6,898 | ) |  | $ | (7,666 | )

Revenue by Category
The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by geographic region (in thousands).

|  | Quarter Ended |  |  | Three Quarters Ended |
|  | May 31, |  |  | May 31, |  |  | May 31, |  |  | May 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Americas |  | $ | 44,919 |  |  | $ | 38,531 |  |  | $ | 125,676 |  |  | $ | 109,283 |
Asia Pacific |  |  | 7,914 |  |  |  | 8,337 |  |  |  | 24,592 |  |  |  | 25,827 |
Europe/Middle East/Africa |  |  | 3,173 |  |  |  | 3,593 |  |  |  | 9,923 |  |  |  | 9,829 |
|  | $ | 56,006 |  |  | $ | 50,461 |  |  | $ | 160,191 |  |  | $ | 144,939 |

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The following table presents our revenue disaggregated by type of service (in thousands).

Quarter Ended |  | Services and |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Leases and |  |  |  |
May 31, 2019 |  | Products |  |  | Subscriptions |  |  | Royalties |  |  | Other |  |  | Consolidated |
Enterprise Division: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct offices |  | $ | 26,295 |  |  | $ | 13,363 |  |  | $ | 729 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 40,387 |
International licensees |  |  | 403 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,611 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,014 |
|  |  | 26,698 |  |  |  | 13,363 |  |  |  | 3,340 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 43,401 |
Education practice |  |  | 5,065 |  |  |  | 5,564 |  |  |  | 459 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 11,088 |
Corporate and eliminations |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,517 |  |  |  | 1,517 |
Consolidated |  | $ | 31,763 |  |  | $ | 18,927 |  |  | $ | 3,799 |  |  | $ | 1,517 |  |  | $ | 56,006 |
Quarter Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
May 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Enterprise Division: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct offices |  | $ | 24,842 |  |  | $ | 11,137 |  |  | $ | 352 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 36,331 |
International licensees |  |  | 811 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,732 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,543 |
|  |  | 25,653 |  |  |  | 11,137 |  |  |  | 3,084 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 39,874 |
Education practice |  |  | 4,425 |  |  |  | 3,732 |  |  |  | 1,078 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 9,235 |
Corporate and eliminations |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,352 |  |  |  | 1,352 |
Consolidated |  | $ | 30,078 |  |  | $ | 14,869 |  |  | $ | 4,162 |  |  | $ | 1,352 |  |  | $ | 50,461 |
Three Quarters Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
May 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Enterprise Division: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct offices |  | $ | 74,405 |  |  | $ | 38,453 |  |  | $ | 2,413 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 115,271 |
International licensees |  |  | 1,793 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 7,805 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 9,598 |
|  |  | 76,198 |  |  |  | 38,453 |  |  |  | 10,218 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 124,869 |
Education practice |  |  | 11,565 |  |  |  | 16,644 |  |  |  | 2,923 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 31,132 |
Corporate and eliminations |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 4,190 |  |  |  | 4,190 |
Consolidated |  | $ | 87,763 |  |  | $ | 55,097 |  |  | $ | 13,141 |  |  | $ | 4,190 |  |  | $ | 160,191 |
Three Quarters Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
May 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Enterprise Division: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct offices |  | $ | 71,823 |  |  | $ | 30,236 |  |  | $ | 1,743 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 103,802 |
International licensees |  |  | 1,870 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 8,039 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 9,909 |
|  |  | 73,693 |  |  |  | 30,236 |  |  |  | 9,782 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 113,711 |
Education practice |  |  | 12,606 |  |  |  | 11,214 |  |  |  | 3,598 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 27,418 |
Corporate and eliminations |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,810 |  |  |  | 3,810 |
Consolidated |  | $ | 86,299 |  |  | $ | 41,450 |  |  | $ | 13,380 |  |  | $ | 3,810 |  |  | $ | 144,939 |

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NOTE 10 – INVESTMENT IN FC ORGANIZATIONAL PRODUCTS
We own a 19.5 percent interest in FC Organizational Products (FCOP), an entity that purchased substantially all of our consumer solution business unit assets in fiscal 2008 for the purpose of selling planners and related organizational products under a comprehensive licensing agreement. Due to significant operating losses incurred after the establishment of FCOP, we reconsidered whether FCOP was a variable interest entity as defined under ASC 810, and determined that FCOP was a variable interest entity. We further determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of FCOP because we do not have the ability to direct the activities that most significantly impact FCOP’s economic performance, which primarily consist of the day-to-day sale of planning products and related accessories, and we do not have an obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from FCOP that could potentially be significant.
We account for our investment in FCOP using the equity method of accounting. However, we have not recorded our share of FCOP’s losses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations because we have impaired and written off investment balances in previous periods, as defined within the applicable accounting guidance, in excess of our share of FCOP’s losses through May 31, 2019.
The operations of FCOP are primarily financed by the sale of planning products and accessories in the normal course of business. The majority of FCOP’s sales and cash flows are seasonal and occur between October and January. Accordingly, we generally receive payment on outstanding receivables during our second and third quarters of each fiscal year. During fiscal 2019 we received $1.4 million of cash from FCOP. Receivables from FCOP are reported as components of other current and other long-term assets based on their expected payment dates and consisted of the following at dates indicated (in thousands):

|  | May 31, |  |  | August 31, |
|  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |
Other current assets |  | $ | 860 |  |  | $ | 1,123 |
Other long-term assets |  |  | - |  |  |  | 411 |
|  | $ | 860 |  |  | $ | 1,534 |

During the past couple of years, we received larger payments from FCOP than previously anticipated. Based on the payments received during the second quarter of fiscal 2019 and amounts currently expected to be received during fiscal 2020, all remaining receivables from FCOP are now classified as current assets. Accordingly, we accelerated the accretion of the remaining discount on these receivables during the second quarter of fiscal 2019, which totaled $0.2 million. Amounts receivable from FCOP at August 31, 2018 are presented net of $0.3 million discount.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Management’s discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based upon management’s current expectations and are subject to various uncertainties and changes in circumstances. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements are set forth below under the heading “Safe Harbor Statement Under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.”
We suggest that the following discussion and analysis be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2018.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview
At its core, Franklin Covey Co. is a content and solutions company. During our history, we have created and developed world-class offerings designed to help our clients solve challenges which require significant and lasting changes in human behavior. Several years ago, we began moving from simply selling training courses to providing fully-integrated solutions and practices which were focused on helping organizational clients successfully execute on their strategic priorities, develop their leaders, and build winning cultures. Three years ago, we determined that we could better serve our clients and substantially expand the breadth and depth of our client impact if we moved from selling content on a course-by-course basis, to a subscription basis, such as through the All Access Pass in our Enterprise Division, which includes our direct office and international licensee segments, and The Leader in Me membership service offered through our Education Division.
The All Access Pass provides our clients with a compelling value proposition under which they receive: (1) unlimited access to our current and continually-expanding assemblage of world-class content and solutions; (2) the ability to assemble, integrate and deliver these solutions through an almost limitless combination of delivery modalities, in 16 languages worldwide; (3) the services of an implementation specialist to help curate and organize the content and solutions into “impact journeys” that exactly meet their needs; (4) at a cost per population trained which is less than or equal to that offered by other providers for just a single course through a single delivery modality; and with (5) an array of affordable add-on implementation services to help them accomplish their key “jobs-to-be-done.” The Leader In Me membership provides our educational institution clients with a portal to access content and tools as well as a coach to help schools successfully develop, implement, and effectively utilize The Leader In Me program.
We believe that the transition to a subscription-based model is working well and results for the first three quarters of fiscal 2019 reflect the momentum that began in fiscal 2018. For the quarter ended May 31, 2019, our consolidated sales increased 11 percent to $56.0 million compared with $50.5 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2018, despite $0.6 million of unfavorable foreign exchange impact on our sales during the quarter. Excluding the impact of foreign exchange, our sales in the third quarter grew 12 percent year-over-year. Increased sales during the quarter led to increased gross profit and improved operating results when compared with the prior year. Foreign exchange rates had a $0.3 million unfavorable impact on our results from operations during the quarter. These operating improvements were partially offset by a lower effective tax benefit rate that was primarily driven by changes from the 2017 Tax Act (Note 7).
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For the quarter ended May 31, 2019, our reported subscription and subscription-related revenue grew 27 percent compared with the third quarter of fiscal 2018. At May 31, 2019, we had $39.9 million of deferred subscription revenue on our balance sheet, a 16 percent, or $5.4 million, increase compared with deferred revenue on our balance sheet at May 31, 2018. At May 31, 2019, we had $23.7 million of unbilled deferred revenue compared with $15.1 million of unbilled deferred revenue at May 31, 2018. Unbilled deferred revenue represents business that is contracted but unbilled, and excluded from our balance sheet.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2019, we acquired the outstanding equity of the licensee that served Germany, Switzerland, and Austria (GSA, Note 3). We are in the process of transitioning the former licensee operations into a direct office similar to our China offices which opened in fiscal 2017. Accordingly, we will recognize the full financial results of this new direct office rather than only royalty revenue. We believe this acquisition will provide significant opportunities for future growth in the GSA region.
Our financial results for the quarter ended May 31, 2019 were influenced by a number of factors, which are described in further detail throughout this discussion and analysis. The following is a summary of key financial items for the quarter ended May 31, 2019:

• | Sales – Our consolidated net sales for the quarter ended May 31, 2019 increased 11 percent, or $5.5 million, to $56.0 million, compared with the third quarter of fiscal 2018. Net sales for the quarter were impacted by $0.6 million of unfavorable foreign exchange rates, which primarily affected our Enterprise Division sales. Excluding the impact of foreign exchange, our sales grew 12 percent compared with the third quarter of the prior year. Our third quarter sales were impacted by significantly increased subscription and subscription-related sales at both our domestic and international locations, increased onsite presentations, increased Education segment revenues, and the acquisition of our GSA licensee. These increases were partially offset by decreased legacy facilitator and international licensee revenues during the quarter.

• | Impact of ASC 606 Adoption (Revenue Recognition) – On September 1, 2018, we adopted the new revenue recognition standard commonly referred to as ASC 606 (Note 1). This new standard had a $0.2 million unfavorable impact on our consolidated sales during the third quarter, which was primarily recognized in our Education practice. The impact of adopting ASC 606 increased our loss from operations and pre-tax loss by $0.2 million for the quarter ended May 31, 2019.

• | Cost of Sales/Gross Profit – Our cost of goods sold was $16.3 million for the quarter ending May 31, 2019, compared with $15.5 million in the corresponding quarter of the prior year. Gross profit for the third quarter of fiscal 2019 increased 14 percent to $39.7 million compared with $34.9 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2018 and increased primarily due to increased sales. Our consolidated gross margin remained strong at 70.8 percent of sales compared with 69.2 percent in the prior year.

• | Operating Expenses – Our operating expenses for the quarter ended May 31, 2019 increased $4.0 million compared with the prior year, which was primarily due to a $3.8 million increase in selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expenses and a $0.3 million increase in depreciation expense. Increased SG&A expenses were primarily related to increased associate costs resulting from increased commissions and bonuses on higher sales, new sales and sales related personnel, a $0.9 million increase in the fair value of contingent consideration liabilities, increased non-cash stock-based compensation, and the addition of GSA personnel, who were formerly employed by a licensee. Increased SG&A and depreciation expense were partially offset by decreased amortization expense.

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• | Operating Loss and Net Loss – Our loss from operations for the quarter ended May 31, 2019 improved to $(1.9) million compared with a loss of $(2.6) million in the third quarter of fiscal 2018. Our operating results for the third quarter of fiscal 2019 were negatively impacted by $0.3 million of unfavorable foreign exchange rates when compared with the prior year. Net loss for the third quarter of fiscal 2019 was $(2.0) million, or $(.14) per share, compared with a net loss of $(2.5) million, or $(.18) per share, in the prior year. Our net loss during the third quarter of fiscal 2019 was also impacted by a lower effective tax benefit rate that was the result of changes enacted by the 2017 Tax Act.

Further details regarding these factors and their impact on our operating results and liquidity are provided throughout the following management’s discussion and analysis.
Quarter Ended May 31, 2019 Compared with the Quarter Ended May 31, 2018
Enterprise Division
Direct Offices Segment
The Direct Office segment includes our sales personnel that serve clients in the United States and Canada; our directly owned international offices in Japan, China, the United Kingdom, Australia, and our new offices in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria; and other groups such as our government services office. The following comparative information is for our Direct Offices segment for the periods indicated (in thousands):

|  | Quarter Ended |  |  |  |  |  | Quarter Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | May 31, |  |  | % of |  |  | May 31, |  |  | % of |  |  |  |
|  | 2019 |  |  | Sales |  |  | 2018 |  |  | Sales |  |  | Change |
Sales |  | $ | 40,387 |  |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 36,331 |  |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 4,056 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 10,551 |  |  |  | 26.1 |  |  |  | 9,887 |  |  |  | 27.2 |  |  |  | 664 |
Gross profit |  |  | 29,836 |  |  |  | 73.9 |  |  |  | 26,444 |  |  |  | 72.8 |  |  |  | 3,392 |
SG&A expenses |  |  | 25,316 |  |  |  | 62.7 |  |  |  | 24,254 |  |  |  | 66.8 |  |  |  | 1,062 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 4,520 |  |  |  | 11.2 |  |  | $ | 2,190 |  |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | $ | 2,330 |

Sales. For the quarter ending May 31, 2019, our U.S./Canada sales grew $2.6 million, international direct office revenue grew $1.2 million, and books and audio sales increased $0.4 million. Increased direct office sales were primarily attributable to the growth of the All Access Pass and recognition of previously deferred subscription revenues, as well as new contracts obtained during the quarter. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have an impact on reported direct office sales during the third quarter. Sales increased at each of our international direct offices except for the United Kingdom office, which decreased three percent in functional currency, and nine percent when translated to United States dollars. Despite the negative impact of foreign exchange rates during fiscal 2019, the United Kingdom office sales have grown seven percent during the first three quarters of fiscal 2019 when compared with the prior year. The new GSA direct office also contributed $0.6 million of sales during the quarter. Foreign exchange rates had a $0.5 million unfavorable impact on international direct office sales and a $0.2 million unfavorable impact on Direct Office operating results during the third quarter of fiscal 2019.
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Gross Profit. Gross profit increased due to increased sales in the quarter as previously described. Direct Office gross margin remained strong and increased primarily due to the mix of services and products sold when compared with the prior year.
SG&A Expense. Direct Office operating expenses increased primarily due to increased commissions on higher sales, new sales and sales related personnel, and new GSA direct office expenses that totaled $0.5 million during the third quarter of fiscal 2019.
International Licensees Segment
In countries or foreign locations where we do not have a directly owned office, our training and consulting services are delivered through independent licensees. The following comparative information is for our international licensee operations for the periods indicated (in thousands):

|  | Quarter Ended |  |  |  |  |  | Quarter Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | May 31, |  |  | % of |  |  | May 31, |  |  | % of |  |  |  |
|  | 2019 |  |  | Sales |  |  | 2018 |  |  | Sales |  |  | Change |
Sales |  | $ | 3,014 |  |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 3,543 |  |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | (529 | )
Cost of sales |  |  | 582 |  |  |  | 19.3 |  |  |  | 808 |  |  |  | 22.8 |  |  |  | (226 | )
Gross profit |  |  | 2,432 |  |  |  | 80.7 |  |  |  | 2,735 |  |  |  | 77.2 |  |  |  | (303 | )
SG&A expenses |  |  | 1,151 |  |  |  | 38.2 |  |  |  | 1,084 |  |  |  | 30.6 |  |  |  | 67 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 1,281 |  |  |  | 42.5 |  |  | $ | 1,651 |  |  |  | 46.6 |  |  | $ | (370 | )

Sales. International licensee revenues are primarily comprised of royalty revenues received from our international licensees. Licensee revenues declined in the third quarter compared with the prior year primarily due to reduced sales of materials and consulting revenues, the conversion of our GSA licensee to a direct office, which totaled $0.1 million in the prior year, and the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rates. During the third quarter of fiscal 2019, licensees purchased less materials (primarily kits) and Company-provided consulting services than in the prior year. Foreign exchange rates had a $0.1 million unfavorable impact on licensee revenues and operating results during the third quarter of fiscal 2019.
SG&A Expense. International licensee SG&A expenses increased slightly primarily due to additional associate expenses during the quarter. Licensee associate expenses are expected to decline during the remainder of fiscal 2019 when compared with the prior year through cost reduction initiatives implemented in the third quarter of fiscal 2019.
Education Division
Our Education Division is comprised of our domestic and international Education practice operations (focused on sales to educational institutions) and includes our widely acclaimed The Leader In Me program designed for students primarily in K-6 elementary schools. The following comparative information is for our Education Division in the periods indicated (in thousands):

|  | Quarter Ended |  |  |  |  |  | Quarter Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | May 31, |  |  | % of |  |  | May 31, |  |  | % of |  |  |  |
|  | 2019 |  |  | Sales |  |  | 2018 |  |  | Sales |  |  | Change |
Sales |  | $ | 11,088 |  |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 9,235 |  |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 1,853 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 4,242 |  |  |  | 38.3 |  |  |  | 3,734 |  |  |  | 40.4 |  |  |  | 508 |
Gross profit |  |  | 6,846 |  |  |  | 61.7 |  |  |  | 5,501 |  |  |  | 59.6 |  |  |  | 1,345 |
SG&A expenses |  |  | 7,027 |  |  |  | 63.4 |  |  |  | 6,402 |  |  |  | 69.3 |  |  |  | 625 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | (181 | ) |  |  | (1.6 | ) |  | $ | (901 | ) |  |  | (9.8 | ) |  | $ | 720 |

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Sales. The increase in our Education Division sales was primarily due to increased subscription services revenues, increased symposium revenues, and new schools. Partially offsetting these increases was the adoption of ASC 606, which had a $0.1 million unfavorable impact on Education division sales during the third quarter of fiscal 2019. As of May 31, 2019, The Leader in Me program is used in over 3,800 schools and in over 50 countries.
Gross Profit. Education segment gross profit increased primarily due to increased sales as previously described. Education segment gross margin improved primarily due to the mix of revenue recognized, including increased subscription revenues.
SG&A Expenses. Education SG&A expense increased primarily due to additional sales and sales-related personnel and increased commissions on higher sales.
Other Expenses
Depreciation – Depreciation expense increased due to the acquisition of capital assets in fiscal 2018 and the first three quarters of fiscal 2019. Based on capital asset acquisition activity in prior periods, and expected capital additions during fiscal 2019, we expect depreciation expense will total approximately $6.5 million in fiscal 2019.
Amortization – Our amortization expense decreased compared with the quarter ended May 31, 2018 primarily due to the full amortization of certain intangible assets. We currently expect our amortization expense from finite-lived intangible assets will total $5.0 million in fiscal 2019, including the amortization of intangible assets from the GSA licensee acquisition in the second quarter of fiscal 2019.
Interest Expense – Interest expense for the third quarter of fiscal 2019 decreased $0.2 million compared with the prior year primarily due to lower outstanding balances on our line of credit and term loan obligations.
Income Taxes
Our effective income tax benefit rate for the quarter ended May 31, 2019 was 16.3 percent compared with an effective benefit rate of 17.9 percent in the third quarter of fiscal 2018. The lower tax benefit rate in the current year was primarily due to tax expense from Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (GILTI), nondeductible expenses, and effective foreign tax rates which were significantly higher than the U.S. federal statutory rate.
We computed income taxes for the quarter ended May 31, 2019 using the discrete method, applying the actual year-to-date effective tax rate to our pre-tax loss. We believe that this method yields a more reliable income tax calculation for the period. The estimated annual effective tax rate method is not reasonable due to its sensitivity to small changes in forecasted annual income or loss before income taxes, which would result in significant variations in the customary relationship between income tax expense and pre-tax income or loss for interim periods.
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Three Quarters Ended May 31, 2019 Compared with the Three Quarters Ended May 31, 2018
Enterprise Division
Direct Offices Segment
The following comparative information is for our Direct Offices segment for the periods indicated (in thousands):

|  | Three Quarters |  |  |  |  |  | Three Quarters |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Ended |  |  |  |  |  | Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | May 31, |  |  | % of |  |  | May 31, |  |  | % of |  |  |  |
|  | 2019 |  |  | Sales |  |  | 2018 |  |  | Sales |  |  | Change |
Sales |  | $ | 115,271 |  |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 103,802 |  |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 11,469 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 31,071 |  |  |  | 27.0 |  |  |  | 27,916 |  |  |  | 26.9 |  |  |  | 3,155 |
Gross profit |  |  | 84,200 |  |  |  | 73.0 |  |  |  | 75,886 |  |  |  | 73.1 |  |  |  | 8,314 |
SG&A expenses |  |  | 73,497 |  |  |  | 63.8 |  |  |  | 69,973 |  |  |  | 67.4 |  |  |  | 3,524 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 10,703 |  |  |  | 9.3 |  |  | $ | 5,913 |  |  |  | 5.7 |  |  | $ | 4,790 |

Sales. For the first three quarters of fiscal 2019, nearly all of our Enterprise Division delivery channels have grown over the prior year. Our U.S./Canada sales grew $6.9 million, international direct office sales grew $2.6 million, government services sales increased $1.0 million, books and audio sales increased $0.7 million and coaching sales increased $0.4 million compared with the prior year. Increased direct office sales were primarily attributable to the growth of the All Access Pass and recognition of previously deferred subscription revenues, as well as new contracts obtained during the fiscal year. The adoption of ASC 606 did not have an impact on reported direct office sales. For the three quarters ended May 31, 2019, sales increased at each of our international direct offices despite the impact of unfavorable foreign exchange rates. During the first three quarters of fiscal 2019, foreign exchange rates had a $1.3 million unfavorable impact on international direct office sales and a $0.5 million unfavorable impact on Direct Office operating results.
Gross Profit. Gross profit increased due to increased sales in the first three quarters of fiscal 2019 as previously described. Gross margin remained strong and was consistent with the prior year.
SG&A Expense. Direct Offices operating expenses increased primarily due to increased commissions on higher sales, new sales and sales related personnel, and new GSA direct office expenses, which totaled $1.0 million.
International Licensees Segment
The following comparative information is for our international licensee operations in the periods indicated (in thousands):

|  | Three Quarters |  |  |  |  |  | Three Quarters |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Ended |  |  |  |  |  | Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | May 31, |  |  | % of |  |  | May 31, |  |  | % of |  |  |  |
|  | 2019 |  |  | Sales |  |  | 2018 |  |  | Sales |  |  | Change |
Sales |  | $ | 9,598 |  |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 9,909 |  |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | (311 | )
Cost of sales |  |  | 2,083 |  |  |  | 21.7 |  |  |  | 2,308 |  |  |  | 23.3 |  |  |  | (225 | )
Gross profit |  |  | 7,515 |  |  |  | 78.3 |  |  |  | 7,601 |  |  |  | 76.7 |  |  |  | (86 | )
SG&A expenses |  |  | 3,388 |  |  |  | 35.3 |  |  |  | 3,379 |  |  |  | 34.1 |  |  |  | 9 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 4,127 |  |  |  | 43.0 |  |  | $ | 4,222 |  |  |  | 42.6 |  |  | $ | (95 | )

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Sales. For the three quarters ended May 31, 2019, our international licensee revenues decreased primarily due to unfavorable foreign exchange rates and the conversion of the GSA licensee to a direct office, which had $0.2 million of royalties in the second and third quarters of the prior year. Foreign exchange rates had a $0.3 million unfavorable impact on our reported licensee sales and operating results during the first three quarters of fiscal 2019. These decreases were partially offset by increased revenue from consulting and other services provided to the licensees.
Education Division
The following comparative information is for our Education Division in the periods indicated (in thousands):

|  | Three Quarters |  |  |  |  |  | Three Quarters |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Ended |  |  |  |  |  | Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | May 31, |  |  | % of |  |  | May 31, |  |  | % of |  |  |  |
|  | 2019 |  |  | Sales |  |  | 2018 |  |  | Sales |  |  | Change |
Sales |  | $ | 31,132 |  |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 27,418 |  |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 3,714 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 12,464 |  |  |  | 40.0 |  |  |  | 11,324 |  |  |  | 41.3 |  |  |  | 1,140 |
Gross profit |  |  | 18,668 |  |  |  | 60.0 |  |  |  | 16,094 |  |  |  | 58.7 |  |  |  | 2,574 |
SG&A expenses |  |  | 20,023 |  |  |  | 64.3 |  |  |  | 18,988 |  |  |  | 69.3 |  |  |  | 1,035 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | (1,355 | ) |  |  | (4.4 | ) |  | $ | (2,894 | ) |  |  | (10.6 | ) |  | $ | 1,539 |

Sales. For the three quarters ended May 31, 2019, our Education Practice sales increased primarily due to increased subscription revenues, the impact of adopting ASC 606, and the addition of new schools. Partially offsetting these increases was the expiration of a large six-year funding commitment from a charitable educational foundation focused on funding new The Leader in Me schools. This contract expiration reduced revenues in the Education Division by $0.6 million, and gross profit by approximately $0.4 million during the first three quarters of fiscal 2019. The impact from the expiration of this contract was the most pronounced early in fiscal 2019. The adoption of ASC 606 had a $1.4 million favorable impact on the Education Division sales and $1.3 million of favorable impact on Education Division operating results during the first three quarters of fiscal 2019. Consistent with prior fiscal years, we expect the majority of sales growth from the Education Division to occur during our fourth fiscal quarter.
Gross Profit. Education segment gross profit increased primarily due to increased sales as previously described.
SG&A Expense. The increase in Education Division SG&A expense was primarily due to investments during the first quarter of fiscal 2019 in new sales personnel and materials to provide growth in future periods.
Other Expenses
Depreciation – Depreciation expense increased due to the acquisition of capital assets, including significant technology related investments in fiscal 2018, and purchases during the first three quarters of fiscal 2019.
Amortization – Our amortization expense decreased compared with the first three quarters of fiscal 2018 primarily due to the full amortization of certain intangible assets.
Accretion of Discount on Related Party Receivables – During the second quarter of fiscal 2019, we received $1.4 million of cash from FCOP as payment on outstanding receivables. We received payment for the long-term portion of the FCOP receivables much earlier than previously anticipated and we accelerated the accretion of the discount on the remaining long-term receivables.
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Income Taxes
Our effective income tax benefit rate for the three quarters ended May 31, 2019 was 9.3 percent, compared with a benefit rate of 39.1 percent for the first three quarters of fiscal 2018. The lower tax benefit rate in the current year was primarily due to tax expense from GILTI, nondeductible expenses, and effective foreign tax rates which were significantly higher than the U.S. federal statutory rate. During the second quarter of the prior year we also recorded a one-time income tax benefit of $1.2 million as a provisional estimate of the impact of the 2017 Tax Act. The one-time benefit resulted primarily from the re-measurement of net deferred tax liabilities at the lower enacted U.S. federal corporate tax rate.
We computed income taxes for the three quarters ended May 31, 2019 using the discrete method, applying the actual year-to-date effective tax rate to our pre-tax loss. We believe that this method yields a more reliable income tax calculation for the period. The estimated annual effective tax rate method is not reasonable due to its sensitivity to small changes in forecasted annual income or loss before income taxes, which would result in significant variations in the customary relationship between income tax expense and pre-tax income or loss for interim periods.
Although we paid $1.2 million in cash for income taxes during the first three quarters of fiscal 2019, we anticipate that our total cash paid for income taxes over the coming three to five years will be less than our total income tax provision as we continue to emphasize AAP and other subscription sales. The reduced taxable income from the deferral of subscription revenues will extend the time over which we utilize our foreign tax credit carryforwards and other deferred income tax assets, resulting in lower total cash payments for income taxes than our income tax provision amounts over the coming three to five years.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Introduction
Our cash and cash equivalents balance at May 31, 2019 totaled $10.9 million, with $25.9 million available on our revolving line of credit facility. Of our $10.9 million in cash at May 31, 2019, $9.5 million was held at our foreign subsidiaries. We routinely repatriate cash from our foreign subsidiaries and consider cash generated from foreign activities a key component of our overall liquidity position. Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from the sale of services in the normal course of business, available proceeds from our revolving line of credit facility, and term loans. Our primary uses of liquidity include payments for operating activities, capital expenditures (including curriculum development), debt payments, working capital expansion, business acquisitions, and purchases of our common stock.
We may use the proceeds from our line of credit facility for general corporate purposes as well as for other transactions, unless specifically prohibited by the terms of the line of credit agreement. Our restated credit agreement contains customary representations and guarantees, as well as provisions for repayment and liens. In addition to customary non-financial terms and conditions, the restated credit agreement requires compliance with specified covenants, including (i) a funded debt to EBITDAR ratio of less than 3.0 to 1.0; (ii) a fixed charge coverage ratio greater than 1.15 to 1.0; (iii) an annual limit on capital expenditures (excluding capitalized curriculum development) of $8.0 million; and (iv) consolidated accounts receivable must be at least 150 percent of outstanding borrowings on the revolving line of credit. We believe that we were in compliance with the financial covenants and other terms applicable to the restated credit agreement at May 31, 2019.
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In addition to our revolving line of credit facility and term-loan obligations, we have a long-term lease on our corporate campus that is accounted for as a financing obligation.
The following discussion is a description of the primary factors affecting our cash flows and their effects upon our liquidity and capital resources during the three quarters ended May 31, 2019.
Cash Flows From Operating Activities
Our primary source of cash from operating activities was the sale of services to our customers in the normal course of business. Our primary uses of cash for operating activities were payments for selling, general, and administrative expenses, payments for direct costs necessary to conduct training programs, payments to suppliers for materials used in training manuals sold, and to fund working capital needs. Our cash provided by operating activities through May 31, 2019 increased 117 percent to $18.6 million compared with $8.6 million in the first three quarters of fiscal 2018. The increase was primarily due to improved operating results and from cash used to support changes in working capital balances. Our collection of accounts receivable remained strong during the first three quarters of fiscal 2019 and provided a significant amount of cash to support operations, pay our obligations, and make critical investments. Although we are required to defer AAP and other subscription revenues over the lives of the underlying contracts, we invoice the entire contract amount and collect the associated receivable at the inception of the agreement.
Cash Flows From Investing Activities and Capital Expenditures
Our cash used for investing activities during the first three quarters of fiscal 2019 totaled $4.8 million. The primary uses of cash for investing activities included purchases of property and equipment in the normal course of business and additional investments in the development of our offerings.
Our purchases of property and equipment, which totaled $3.0 million for the first three quarters of fiscal 2019, consisted primarily of software, hardware, and leasehold improvements on our corporate campus. We currently anticipate that our purchases of property and equipment will total approximately $4.9 million in fiscal 2019.
We spent $1.8 million during the first three quarters of fiscal 2019 on the development of various offerings. We believe continued investment in our offerings is critical to our future success and anticipate that our capital spending for curriculum development will total $3.1 million during fiscal 2019.
During the first quarter of fiscal 2018, we paid $1.1 million to the former owners of Jhana Education as contingent consideration related to this acquisition. Due to the close proximity of this payment to the acquisition date, we classified the $1.1 million as a component of investing activities in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows.
Cash Flows From Financing Activities
Through the three quarters ended May 31, 2019, we used $13.2 million of cash for financing activities. Our primary uses of financing cash during the first three quarters of fiscal 2019 included $7.2 million used to reduce the balance on our line of credit, $6.2 million of cash used for principal payments on our term loans and the financing obligation on our corporate campus, and $0.5 million of cash paid to the former owners of Jhana Education for contingent acquisition consideration. These uses of financing cash were partially offset by $0.7 million of cash received from participants in our employee stock purchase program to acquire shares of our common stock.
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We currently have a Board of Director authorized share repurchase program which allows us to purchase up to $40.0 million of our common stock so long as we have either $10.0 million in cash and cash equivalents or have access to debt financing of at least $10.0 million. Under the terms of this authorized common stock repurchase plan, we have purchased 1,539,828 shares of our common stock for $26.8 million through May 31, 2019. Our uses of financing cash during the remainder of fiscal 2019 are expected to include required payments on our term loans and financing obligation, contingent consideration payments from previous business acquisitions, and purchases of common stock under the terms of our Board approved plan. However, the timing and amount of common stock purchases is dependent on a number of factors, including available resources, and we are not obligated to make additional share purchases during any future period.
Sources of Liquidity
We expect to meet our projected capital expenditures, service our existing financing obligations, including our term loans payable, and meet other working capital requirements during the remainder of fiscal 2019 through current cash balances, future cash flows from operating activities, and from borrowings on our existing secured credit agreement. Going forward, we will continue to incur costs necessary for the day-to-day operation and potential growth of the business and may use our available line of credit and other financing alternatives, if necessary, for these expenditures. Our existing credit agreement expires on March 31, 2021 and we expect to renew this credit agreement regularly in future periods to maintain the long-term availability of this credit facility. Additional potential sources of liquidity available to us include factoring receivables, issuance of additional equity, or issuance of debt from public or private sources. If necessary, we will evaluate all of these options and select one or more of them depending on overall capital needs and the associated cost of capital.
Considering the foregoing, we anticipate that our existing capital resources should be adequate to enable us to maintain our operations for at least the upcoming 12 months. However, our ability to maintain adequate capital for our operations in the future is dependent upon a number of factors, including sales trends, macroeconomic activity, our ability to contain costs, levels of capital expenditures, collection of accounts receivable, and other factors. Some of the factors that influence our operations are not within our control, such as general economic conditions and the introduction of new offerings and technology by our competitors. We will continue to monitor our liquidity position and may pursue additional financing alternatives, as described above, to maintain sufficient resources for future growth and capital requirements. However, there can be no assurance such financing alternatives will be available to us on acceptable terms, or at all.
Contractual Obligations
We have not structured any special purpose entities, or participated in any commodity trading activities, which would expose us to potential undisclosed liabilities or create adverse consequences to our liquidity. Our required contractual payments primarily consist of 1) lease payments resulting from the sale of our corporate campus (financing obligation); 2) principal and interest payments on term loans payable; 3) potential contingent consideration payments resulting from previous business acquisitions; 4) short-term purchase obligations for inventory items and other products and services used in the ordinary course of business; 5) minimum operating lease payments primarily for foreign office space; and 6) payments for outsourcing services related to warehousing and distribution services. For further information on our contractual obligations, please refer to the table included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2018.
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ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS ISSUED NOT YET ADOPTED
Leases (Topic 842)
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which supersedes FASB ASC Topic 840, Leases. The new lease accounting standard is the result of a collaborative effort with the IASB (similar to the new revenue standard previously described) and establishes a comprehensive new lease accounting model. This new standard will affect all entities that lease assets and will require lessees to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases (except for short-term leases that have a duration of less than one year) as of the date on which the lessor makes the underlying asset available to the lessee. The lease liability will be equal to the present value of lease payments. The right-of-use asset will be based on the liability, subject to adjustment, such as for initial direct costs. For lessors, accounting for leases is substantially the same as in prior periods. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases. ASU No. 2018-10 clarifies or corrects unintended application of certain guidance found in ASU No. 2016-02.
We are required to adopt the provisions of ASU No. 2016-02 and ASU No. 2018-10 on September 1, 2019, which is the beginning of fiscal 2020. We expect to adopt the new accounting guidance using the additional modified retrospective transition method provided by ASU No. 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842): Targeted Improvements. Under this approach, the cumulative effect of the transition adjustments is applied to the related opening balances on our consolidated balance sheet in the period of adoption. However, comparative periods prior to the adoption date and their respective disclosures will be presented using the legacy leasing guidance found in Topic 840.
At May 31, 2019, our leases primarily consist of the lease on our corporate campus, which is accounted for as a financing obligation on our consolidated balance sheets and operating leases for office space, office equipment, and warehousing space. We expect the adoption of this new standard will increase our reported assets and liabilities since we will record the lease obligation and a corresponding right of use asset on our balance sheet for leases that are currently accounted for as operating leases. However, as of May 31, 2019, we have not yet determined the full impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-02 will have on our consolidated financial statements.
Stock-Based Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting
In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-07, Compensation—Stock Compensation: Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting (Topic 718). ASU No. 2018-07 expands the scope of Topic 718 to include share-based payment transactions for acquiring goods and services from nonemployees. The amendments in this update specify that Topic 718 applies to all share-based payment transactions in which a grantor acquires goods or services to be used or consumed in a grantor’s own operations by issuing share-based payment awards. The amendments also clarify that Topic 718 does not apply to share-based payments used effectively to provide financing to the issuer or awards granted in conjunction with selling goods or services to customers as part of a contract accounted for under Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The new guidance is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early application permitted. We expect to adopt the provisions of ASU No. 2018-07 on June 1, 2019. However, we have not previously granted awards to non-employees (except for members of the Board of Directors) and we do not expect any cumulative impact from adopting ASU No. 2018-07.
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USE OF ESTIMATES AND CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Our consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The significant accounting policies used to prepare our consolidated financial statements, including our revenue recognition policy, are outlined primarily in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements presented in Part II, Item 8 of our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2018 and in Note 2 to the financial statements in this report for the new revenue recognition guidance found in Topic 606. Please refer to these disclosures for further information regarding our uses of estimates and critical accounting policies. There have been no significant changes to our previously disclosed estimates or critical accounting policies except as described for revenue recognition under Topic 606.
Estimates
Some of the accounting guidance we use requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements. We regularly evaluate our estimates and assumptions and base those estimates and assumptions on historical experience, factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, and requirements under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, including changes in economic conditions and other circumstances that are not within our control, but which may have an impact on these estimates and our actual financial results.
SAFE HARBOR STATEMENT UNDER THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995
Certain statements made by the Company in this report are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended (the Exchange Act). Forward-looking statements include, without limitation, any statement that may predict, forecast, indicate, or imply future results, performance, or achievements, and may contain words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “project,” or words or phrases of similar meaning. In our reports and filings we may make forward-looking statements regarding our expectations about future sales levels and financial results, future training and consulting sales activity, expected sales and benefits from the All Access Pass, anticipated renewals of subscription offerings, the expected impact of new revenue recognition rules, the change in our business model associated with subscription offerings, the expected growth of our Education practice, potential growth opportunities associated with the acquisition of the GSA licensee, the impact of new accounting standards on our financial condition and results of operations, the amount and timing of capital expenditures, anticipated expenses, including SG&A expenses, depreciation, and amortization, future gross margins, the release of new services or products, the adequacy of existing capital resources, our ability to extend our line of credit facility, the amount of cash expected to be paid for income taxes, the impact of the new tax reform changes signed into law, our ability to maintain adequate capital for our operations for at least the upcoming 12 months, the seasonality of future sales, future compliance with the terms and conditions of our line of credit, the ability to borrow on our line of credit, expected collection of amounts receivable from FC Organizational Products LLC and others, estimated capital expenditures, and cash flow estimates used to determine the fair value of long-lived assets. These, and other forward-looking statements, are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties are disclosed from time to time in reports filed by us with the SEC, including reports on Forms 8-K, 10-Q, and 10-K. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the matters discussed in Item 1A of our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2018, entitled “Risk Factors.” In addition, such risks and uncertainties may include unanticipated developments in any one or more of the following areas: cybersecurity risks; unanticipated costs or capital expenditures; delays or unanticipated outcomes relating to our strategic plans; dependence on existing products or services; the rate and consumer acceptance of new product introductions, including the All Access Pass; competition; the impact of foreign exchange rates; the number and nature of customers and their product orders, including changes in the timing or mix of product or training orders; pricing of our products and services and those of competitors; adverse publicity; and other factors which may adversely affect our business.
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The risks included here are not exhaustive. Other sections of this report may include additional factors that could adversely affect our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors may emerge and it is not possible for our management to predict all such risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all such risk factors on our business or the extent to which any single factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements. Given these risks and uncertainties, investors should not rely on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results.
The market price of our common stock has been and may remain volatile. In addition, the stock markets in general have experienced increased volatility. Factors such as quarter-to-quarter variations in revenues and earnings or losses and our failure to meet expectations could have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock. In addition, the price of our common stock can change for reasons unrelated to our performance. Due to our low market capitalization, the price of our common stock may also be affected by conditions such as a lack of analyst coverage and fewer potential investors.
Forward-looking statements are based on management’s expectations as of the date made, and we do not undertake any responsibility to update any of these statements in the future except as required by law. Actual future performance and results will differ and may differ materially from that contained in or suggested by forward-looking statements as a result of the factors set forth in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and elsewhere in our filings with the SEC.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Interest Rate Sensitivity
At May 31, 2019, we had $4.1 million drawn on our revolving line of credit. Our other long-term obligations at May 31, 2019 primarily consisted of a long-term lease agreement (financing obligation) on our corporate headquarters facility, $8.1 million of term loans payable, and potential contingent consideration payments resulting from business acquisitions completed in fiscal 2017. Our overall interest rate sensitivity is primarily influenced by any amounts borrowed on term loans or our revolving line of credit facility, and the prevailing interest rates on these instruments. The effective interest rate on our term loans payable and line of credit facility is variable and was 4.3 percent at May 31, 2019. Accordingly, we may incur additional expense if interest rates increase in future periods. For example, a one-percent increase in the effective interest rate on our term loans and the amount outstanding on our line of credit facility at May 31, 2019 would result in approximately $0.1 million of additional interest expense over the next 12 months. Our financing obligation has a payment structure equivalent to a long-term leasing arrangement with a fixed interest rate of 7.7 percent, and our contingent consideration liabilities are not subject to interest rates.
There have been no other material changes from the information previously reported under Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2018. We did not utilize any foreign currency or interest rate derivative instruments during the quarter ended May 31, 2019.
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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
We evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
There were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f)) during the most recently completed fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table summarizes the purchases of our common stock during the fiscal quarter ended May 31, 2019:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  |  | Maximum Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(1) (in thousands) |
March 1, 2019 to March 31, 2019 |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | - |  |  | $ | 13,174 |
April 1, 2019 to April 30, 2019 |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 13,174 |
May 1, 2019 to May 31, 2019 |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 13,174 |
Total Common Shares |  |  | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |

(1) | On January 23, 2015, our Board of Directors approved a new plan to repurchase up to $10.0 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock. All previously existing common stock repurchase plans were canceled and the new common share repurchase plan does not have an expiration date. On March 27, 2015, our Board of Directors increased the aggregate value of shares of Company common stock that may be purchased under the January 2015 plan to $40.0 million so long as we have either $10.0 million in cash and cash equivalents or have access to debt financing of at least $10.0 million. Under the terms of this expanded common stock repurchase plan, we have purchased 1,539,828 shares of our common stock for $26.8 million through May 31, 2019.

The actual timing, number, and value of common shares repurchased under this plan will be determined at our discretion and will depend on a number of factors, including, among others, general market and business conditions, the trading price of common shares, and applicable legal requirements. The Company has no obligation to repurchase any common shares under the authorization, and the repurchase plan may be suspended, discontinued, or modified at any time for any reason.
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Item 6. EXHIBITS

(A) | Exhibits:

31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications of the Chief Executive Officer.**

31.2 | Rule 13a-14(a) Certifications of the Chief Financial Officer.**

32 | Section 1350 Certifications.**

| 101.INS | XBRL Instance Document.

| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.

| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document.

| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.

| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.

**Filed herewith.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | FRANKLIN COVEY CO.
Date: | July 9, 2019 |  | By: | /s/ Robert A. Whitman
|  |  |  | Robert A. Whitman
|  |  |  | Chief Executive Officer
|  |  |  | (Duly Authorized Officer)
Date: | July 9, 2019 |  | By: | /s/ Stephen D. Young
|  |  |  | Stephen D. Young
|  |  |  | Chief Financial Officer
|  |  |  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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