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SUMMARY OF BUSINESS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2025
SUMMARY OF BUSINESS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
Organization and Nature of Business | Organization and Nature of Business eGain automates customer experience with an AI knowledge hub solution. We sell our SaaS solution to enterprises who want to improve customer experience while reducing cost, by using AI to synthesize and deliver trusted, consumable answers from a knowledge hub. We are headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, USA. We also operate in the United Kingdom and India.
Principles of Consolidation | Principles of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of eGain and our wholly-owned subsidiaries, eGain Communications Ltd., Exony Limited (Exony), eGain Communications Pvt. Ltd., eGain Communications (USA), and eGain Deutschland GmbH. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Business Combinations | Business Combinations Business combinations are accounted for at fair value under the purchase method of accounting. Acquisition costs are expensed as incurred and recorded in general and administrative expenses and changes in deferred tax asset valuation allowances and income tax uncertainties after the acquisition date affect income tax expense. The accounting for business combinations requires estimates and judgment as to expectations for future cash flows of the acquired business, and the allocation of those cash flows to identifiable intangible assets, in determining the estimated fair value for assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The fair values assigned to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed are based on management’s estimates and assumptions, as well as other information compiled by management, including valuations that utilize customary valuation procedures and techniques. If the actual results differ from the estimates and judgments used in these estimates, the amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements could result in a possible impairment of the intangible assets and goodwill, or require acceleration of the amortization expense of finite-lived intangible assets.
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates ​ The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The estimates are based upon information available as of the date of the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. We evaluate our significant estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, provision for credit losses, valuation of stock-based compensation, valuation of long-lived assets, valuation of deferred tax assets, and litigation, among others. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. We refer to accounting estimates of this type as “critical accounting estimates.”
Foreign Currency | Foreign Currency The functional currency of each of our international subsidiaries is the local currency of the country in which it operates. Assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated at month-end exchange rates, and revenue and expenses are translated at the average monthly exchange rates. The resulting cumulative translation adjustments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in “other expense, net” in the consolidated statements of operations, and resulted in a loss of $1.3 million and $98,000, in fiscal years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Investments | Cash and Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Investments We consider all highly liquid investments with an original purchase to maturity date of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Time deposits held for investments that are not debt securities are included in short-term investments in the consolidated balance sheets. Investments in time deposits with original maturities of more than three months but remaining maturities of less than one year are considered short-term investments. Investments held with the intent to reinvest or hold for longer than a year, or with remaining maturities of one year or more, are considered long-term investments. As of June 30, 2025 and 2024, we did not have any short-term or long-term investments. Cash earmarked for a specific purpose and therefore not available for immediate and general use by the Company is considered restricted cash. Expected usage of restricted cash within one year is classified as a current asset; expected usage more than a year is considered a non-current asset. As of June 30, 2025 and 2024, our restricted cash was nominal and expected to be used within one year.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments Our financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities. We do not have any derivative financial instruments. We believe the reported carrying amounts of these financial instruments approximate fair value, based upon their short-term nature and comparable market information available at the respective balance sheet dates.
Concentration of Credit Risk | Concentration of Credit Risk Financial instruments that subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and trade accounts receivable. Cash and cash equivalents are deposited with high credit quality institutions. We are exposed to credit risk in the event of default by these institutions to the extent of the amount recorded on the consolidated balance sheets. We invest excess cash primarily in money market funds, which are highly liquid securities that bear minimal risk. In addition, we have investment policies and procedures that are reviewed periodically to minimize credit risk. Our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash were $62.9 million as of June 30, 2025 and exceeded the FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) limits. Our customer base extends across many different industries and geographic regions. Revenue is allocated to individual countries and geographic region by customer, based on where the product is shipped to and location of services performed. One customer, who is also a partner, accounted for 16% and 18% of total revenue for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers with outstanding receivables and generally do not require collateral. In addition, we established a provision for credit losses based upon factors surrounding the credit risk of customers, historical trends and other information. Three customers accounted for a range of 18% to 22% of accounts receivable as of June 30, 2025. Four partners and customers accounted for a range of 12% to 22% of accounts receivable as of June 30, 2024.
Accounts Receivable and Provision for Credit Losses | Accounts Receivable and Provision for Credit Losses We extend unsecured credit to our customers on a regular basis. Our accounts receivable are derived from revenue earned from customers and are not interest bearing. We also maintain a provision for credit losses to reserve for potential uncollectible trade receivables. We review our trade receivables by aging category to identify specific customers with known disputes or collectability issues. We exercise judgment when determining the adequacy of these reserves as we evaluate historical bad debt trends, general economic conditions in the U.S. and internationally, and changes in customer financial conditions. If we made different judgments or utilized different estimates, material differences may result in additional reserves for trade receivables, which would be reflected by charges in general and administrative expenses for any period presented. We write off a receivable after all collection efforts have been exhausted and the amount is deemed uncollectible. Recovered written off receivables are recorded as they occur. In certain revenue contracts, contractual billings do not coincide with revenue recognized on the contract. Unbilled accounts receivables (contract assets) are recorded when revenue recognized on the contract exceeds billings, pursuant to contract provisions, and become billable upon certain criteria being met. Unbilled accounts receivables, for which the Company has the unconditional right to consideration, totaled $1.4 million and $3.6 million as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and are included in the accounts receivable, less provision for credit losses, balance on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Our accounts receivable, net balance was $32.8 million and $31.7 million as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Property and Equipment, Net | Property and Equipment, Net Property and equipment, net, is stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the respective assets, which typically is between three or five years. Leasehold improvements and leased equipment are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or useful life of the asset, which is typically three to five years.
Goodwill | Goodwill We review goodwill annually for impairment or sooner whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that it may be impaired. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, or sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit. We operate under a single reporting unit and accordingly, all of our goodwill is associated with the entire company. We had no indicators of impairment for fiscal years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets We review long-lived assets for impairment, including property and equipment, whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be fully recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition is less than its carrying amount. During fiscal years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, we did not have any such impairment losses.
Deferred Revenue | Deferred Revenue ​ Deferred revenue primarily consists of payments received in advance of revenue recognition from cloud, term and ratable licenses, and maintenance and support services and is recognized as the revenue recognition criteria are met. We generally invoice customers in annual or quarterly installments. The deferred revenue balance does not represent the total contract value of annual or multi-year, non-cancelable cloud or maintenance and support agreements. Deferred revenue is influenced by several factors, including seasonality, the compounding effects of renewals, invoice duration, invoice timing and new business linearity within the quarter. Deferred revenue that will be recognized during the succeeding twelve-month period is recorded as current deferred revenue and the remaining portion is recorded as noncurrent. Our combined contract liabilities, which consist of both current and non-current deferred revenue for which we have an obligation to transfer services to customers and have received considerations in advance or the amount is due from customers, balance was $50.5 million and $49.3 million as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Cost Capitalized to Obtain Revenue Contracts, Net | Cost Capitalized to Obtain Revenue Contracts, Net Under Topic 606, we capitalize incremental costs of obtaining non-cancelable subscription and support revenue contracts. The capitalized amounts consist primarily of sales commissions paid to our direct sales force. Capitalized amounts also include (i) amounts paid to employees other than the direct sales force who earn incentive payouts under annual compensation plans that are tied to the value of contracts acquired and (ii) the associated payroll taxes and fringe benefit costs associated with the payments to our employees, including stock-based compensation. ​ Costs capitalized related to new revenue contracts are generally deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit that we estimate to be five years. We determine the period of benefit by taking into consideration the historical and expected durations of our customer contracts, the expected useful lives of our technologies, and other factors. Commissions for renewal contracts relating to our cloud-based arrangements are expensed when incurred, as we do not consider renewal contracts to be commensurate with initial customer contracts. Historically, any commission associated with renewals have been immaterial. Amortization of costs to obtain revenue contracts is included as a component of sales and marketing expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. ​ The Company does not adjust transaction price for the effects of a significant financing component when the period between the transfers of the promised good or service to the customer and payment for that good or service by the customer is expected to be one year or less. The Company assessed each of its revenue contracts in order to determine whether a significant financing component exists, and determined its contracts did not include a significant financing component for the years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024. ​ During the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, we capitalized $865,000 and $917,000 of costs to obtain revenue contracts, respectively, and amortized $1.4 million and $1.5 million to sales and marketing expense, respectively. Capitalized costs to obtain revenue contracts, net of accumulated amortization were $2.6 million and $3.1 million as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Leases | Leases Lease agreements are evaluated to determine whether an arrangement is or contains a lease in accordance with ASC 842, Leases. ​ Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (ROU) assets, current operating lease liabilities, and noncurrent operating lease liabilities in the consolidated financial statements. ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use leased assets over the agreed upon term. Lease liabilities represent the Company’s contractual obligation to make lease payments over the lease term. ​ For operating leases, ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date of the lease. The lease liability is measured as the present value of the lease payments over the lease term, using the rate implicit in the lease if readily determinable. If the rate implicit in the lease cannot be readily determined, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at lease commencement. The operating lease ROU assets are calculated as the present value of the remaining lease payments plus unamortized initial direct costs and any prepayments, less unamortized lease incentives received. ​ Operating leases typically include non-lease components such as common-area maintenance costs. We have elected to include non-lease components with lease payments for the purpose of calculating lease ROU assets and liabilities, to the extent that they are fixed. Non-lease component payments that are not fixed are expensed as incurred as variable lease payments. ​ Lease terms may include renewal or extension options to the extent they are reasonably certain to be exercised. The assessment of whether renewal or extension options are reasonably certain to be exercised is made at lease commencement. Factors considered in determining whether an option is reasonably certain of exercise include, but are not limited to, the value of any leasehold improvements, the value of renewal rates compared to market rates, and the presence of factors that would cause a significant economic penalty to the Company if the option were not exercised. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. The Company has elected not to recognize ROU assets and obligations for leases with an initial term of twelve months or less, and has applied a capitalization threshold to recognize a lease on the consolidated balance sheets. The expense associated with short-term leases and leases that do not meet the Company’s capitalization threshold are recorded to lease expense in the period it is incurred.
Software Development Costs | Software Development Costs We account for software development costs in accordance with ASC 985, Software, for costs of the software to be sold, leased or marketed, whereby costs for the development of new software products and substantial enhancements to existing software products are included in research and development expense as incurred until technological feasibility has been established, at which time any additional costs are capitalized. Technological feasibility is established upon completion of a working model. To date, software development costs incurred in the period between achieving technological feasibility and general availability of software have not been material and have been charged to operations as incurred.
Advertising Costs | Advertising Costs We expense advertising costs as incurred. Total advertising expenses for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were $2.2 million and $2.1 million, respectively.
Stock-Based Compensation | Stock-Based Compensation We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. Determining the fair value of the stock-based awards at the grant date requires significant judgment and the use of estimates, particularly surrounding Black-Scholes valuation assumptions such as stock price volatility and expected option term. Stock-based compensation expense for employee and non-employee awards is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which is generally in line with the vesting period, net of expected forfeitures. Stock-based compensation expense consists of expenses for stock options and restricted stock units (RSUs) granted under our Amended and Restated 2005 Management Stock Option Plan, our Amended and Restated 2005 Stock Incentive Plan, and our 2017 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP).
Income Taxes | Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. For the legacy eGain business in the United States, based upon the weight of available evidence, which includes our historical operating performance, our future investment plans, and the uncertainty in the current market and economic environment, we have determined that it is more likely than not that these assets will be realized and have released the valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets of approximately $27.4 million except for California net operating losses and research and development credits. For the legacy eGain business in the United Kingdom, based on the positive evidence, the Company has determined it would be able to utilize the deferred tax assets and does not have a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets. The remaining eGain foreign operations as well as Exony’s business have historically been profitable and we believe it is more likely than not that those assets will be realized. Our tax benefit (provision) primarily relates to foreign activities as well as federal and state income taxes. Our income tax rate differs from the statutory tax rates primarily due to the change in valuation allowance, stock-based compensation, Section 267 inclusion, research and development tax credits, and our foreign operations. We account for uncertain tax positions according to the provisions of ASC 740. ASC 740 contains a two-step approach for recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. Tax positions are evaluated for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is probable that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation. Tax benefits are then measured as the largest amount which is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We consider many factors when evaluating and estimating tax positions and tax benefits, which may require periodic adjustments and which may not accurately anticipate actual outcomes. As of June 30, 2025, utilization of the NOL or tax credit carryforwards to offset future taxable income and taxes, respectively, are subject to an annual limitation under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and similar state provisions, which is determined by first multiplying the value of the Company’s stock at the time of the ownership change by the applicable long-term, tax-exempt rate, and then could be subject to additional adjustments such as built in gain or built in loss, as required. Any limitation may result in expiration of all or a portion of its NOL and or tax credit carryforwards before utilization. The Company has not identified a change in ownership as of June 30, 2025 that would significantly limit the net operating loss carryovers.
Comprehensive Income | Comprehensive Income We report comprehensive income and its components in accordance with ASC 220, Comprehensive Income. Under the accounting standards, comprehensive income includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from investments by or distributions to owners. Total comprehensive income for each of the two years in the year ended June 30, 2025 is shown in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Accumulated other comprehensive loss presented in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2025 and 2024 consists of accumulated foreign currency translation adjustments.
Earnings Per Share | Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding. In periods where net income is reported, the weighted average number of shares is increased by stock options in-the-money and shares issuable for RSUs subject to service-based vesting requirements to calculate diluted earnings per share. The following table represents the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share (in thousands, except per share data):
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Years Ended June 30,
​ |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Net income | ​ | $ | 32,254 | ​ | $ | 7,780
Per share information: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Earnings per share: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic | ​ | $ | 1.15 | ​ | $ | 0.25
Diluted | ​ | $ | 1.13 | ​ | $ | 0.25
Weighted-average shares used in computation: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Basic | ​ | ​ | 28,161 | ​ | ​ | 30,840
Diluted | ​ | ​ | 28,650 | ​ | ​ | 31,468
​ Weighted average options to purchase 3,434,432 and 3,479,718 shares of common stock as of June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted net income per share due to their anti-dilutive effect. Such securities could have a dilutive effect in future periods.
Segment Information | Segment Information ​ We operate in one segment, the development, license, implementation, and support of our customer service infrastructure software solutions. Operating segments are identified as components of an enterprise for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by our Chief Operating Decision-Maker in order to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance. Our chief operating decision-makers (CODMs) under ASC 280, Segment Reporting, are our executive management team. Our CODMs review financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions and assessing financial performance. The CODMs regularly evaluate non-GAAP operating income, which is defined as income from operations as presented on the consolidated statements of operations and adding back stock-based compensation, along with significant revenue and expense categories aligned with those presented on our consolidated statement of operations, and the accounting policies governing our segment are the same as those described in Note 1, “Summary of Business and Significant Accounting Policies.” ​ Information relating to our geographic areas for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows (in thousands):
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Total | ​ | Income | ​ | Long-Lived
​ | ​ | Revenue | ​ | from Operations | ​ | Assets
Year ended June 30, 2025: |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
North America | ​ | $ | 68,778 | ​ | $ | 3,919 | ​ | $ | 390
Europe, Middle East, & Africa | ​ |  | 19,653 | ​ |  | 6,780 | ​ |  | 63
Asia Pacific | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (6,266) | ​ |  | 217
​ | ​ | $ | 88,431 | ​ | $ | 4,433 | ​ | $ | 670
Year ended June 30, 2024: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
North America | ​ | $ | 72,611 | ​ | $ | 6,355 | ​ | $ | 216
Europe, Middle East, & Africa | ​ |  | 20,192 | ​ |  | 6,050 | ​ |  | 81
Asia Pacific | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (6,434) | ​ |  | 144
​ | ​ | $ | 92,803 | ​ | $ | 5,971 | ​ | $ | 441
​ For the purposes of entity-wide geographic area disclosures, long-lived assets consist of computers and equipment, furniture and fixtures, and leasehold improvements, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. These items are included in property and equipment, net, on the accompanying Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Accounting Pronouncements ​ Pronouncements Recently Adopted ​ In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires disclosures on expanded information about their reportable segments’ significant expenses and other segment items on an interim and annual basis. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 (our fiscal year 2025), with early adoption permitted. The ASU is required to be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements once adopted. We adopted this guidance as of our fourth quarter of fiscal year 2025 with no material impact on our consolidated financial statements. ​ Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted ​ In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires disaggregated disclosure of income statement expenses for public business entities. The objective of this guidance is to improve the disclosures about a public business entity’s expenses and address requests from investors for more detailed information about the types of expenses (including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion) included in each relevant expense caption. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027 (our fiscal year 2028), with early and retrospective adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this update on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Revenue Recognition | ​ Revenue Recognition ​ Revenue Recognition Policy ​ Our revenue is comprised of two categories including SaaS and professional services. SaaS revenue includes cloud delivery arrangements, term licenses, embedded original equipment manufacturer (OEM) royalties, and associated support. An immaterial amount of SaaS revenue is comprised of our legacy revenue which is associated with license, maintenance, and support contracts on perpetual license arrangements that we no longer sell. Professional services include consulting, implementation, training, and managed services. ​ ​ Significant Judgment Applied in the Determination of Revenue Recognition ​ We enter into contractual arrangements with customers that may include promises to transfer multiple services, such as subscription, support and professional services. With respect to our business, a performance obligation is a promise to transfer a service to a customer that is distinct. Significant judgment is required to determine whether services are distinct performance obligations that should be accounted for separately or combined as one unit of accounting. Additionally, significant judgment is required to determine the timing of revenue recognition. ​ We allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation based on relative standalone selling price basis (SSP). The SSP is the price at which we would sell a promised service separately to one of our customers. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. ​ We determine the SSP by considering our pricing objectives in relation to market demand. Consideration is placed based on our history of discounting prices, size and volume of transactions involved, customer demographics and geographic locations, price lists, contract prices and our market strategy. ​ Determination of Revenue Recognition ​ Under Topic 606, we recognize revenue upon the transfer of control of promised services to our customers in the amount that is commensurate with the consideration that we expect to receive in exchange for those services. If consideration includes a variable amount in the arrangement, such as service level credits or contingent fees, then we include an estimate of the amount that we expect to receive for the total transaction price. The amount of revenue that we recognize is based on (i) identifying the contract with a customer; (ii) identifying the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determining the transaction price; (iv) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract on a relative SSP basis; and (v) recognizing revenue when, or as, we satisfy each performance obligation in the contract typically through delivery or when control is transferred to the customer. ​ SaaS Revenue ​ The following customer arrangements are recognized ratably over the contract term as the performance obligations are delivered:
| ● | Cloud delivery arrangements;
| ● | Embedded OEM royalties and associated support arrangements; and
| ● | Term licenses which incorporate on-premise software licenses and a subscription to a substantial cloud functionalities.
For contracts involving distinct software licenses, the license performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time when control is transferred to the customer. ​ We typically invoice our customers in advance upon execution of the contract or subsequent renewals with payment terms generally between 30 and 45 days. Invoiced amounts are recorded in accounts receivable, deferred revenue or revenue, depending if control transferred to our customers based on each arrangement. ​ We have a royalty revenue agreement with a customer related to our embedded intellectual property. Under the terms of the agreement, the customer is to provide us a combination of fixed fee and per agent fee, for each software license sold containing the embedded software. These embedded OEM royalties are included as SaaS revenue. Under Topic 606 revenue guidance, since these arrangements are for usage-based licenses of intellectual property, for which the guidance in paragraph ASC 606-10-55-65 applies, we estimate revenue recognized only as the performance obligation of the embedded OEM royalties has been satisfied or partially satisfied. Differences between actual results and estimated amounts are adjusted in the following period as such sales are reported by the customer with a quarter in arrears. ​ Professional Services Revenue ​ Professional services revenue includes system implementation, consulting, training, and managed services. The transaction price is allocated to various performance obligations based on their SSP. Revenue allocated to each performance obligation is recognized at the earlier of satisfaction of discrete performance obligations, or as work is performed on a time and material basis. Managed services include a comprehensive set of processes and activities that range from implementation to monitoring the evolution and support of eGain solutions in a company. Our consulting and implementation service contracts are bid either on a time-and-material basis or on a fixed-fee basis. Managed services contracts are bid on a time-and-material basis. Fixed fees are generally paid upon milestone billing or customer acceptance at pre-determined points in the contract. Amounts that have been invoiced are recorded in accounts receivable and in deferred revenue or revenue, depending on whether transfer of control to customers has occurred. ​ Training revenue that meets the criteria to be accounted for separately is recognized when training is provided. Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations ​ The Company enters into contracts that can include various combinations of subscriptions, professional services and maintenance and support, which are generally distinct and accounted for as separate performance obligations. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price of the contract to each performance obligation on a relative basis using the respective standalone selling prices for each performance obligation.

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