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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

| ☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
|  | For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021

or

| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
|  | For the transition period from ___________ to ___________

Commission File Number 001-36613

Middlefield Banc Corp.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Ohio |  | 34-1585111
State or Other Jurisdiction of |  | I.R.S. Employer Identification No.
Incorporation or Organization |  |
15985 East High Street, Middlefield, Ohio |  | 44062-0035
Address of Principal Executive Offices |  | Zip Code

| 440-632-1666 |
Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code

Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of The Act:

Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, Without Par Value | MBCN | The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC (NASDAQ Capital Market)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☒ | Smaller reporting company ☒
Emerging growth company ☐ |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ |

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
Outstanding at November 10, 2021: 5,968,096

1

MIDDLEFIELD BANC CORP.

INDEX

Part I – Financial Information |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (unaudited) |
| Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 | 3
| Consolidated Statement of Income for the Three and Nine Months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 | 4
| Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 | 5
| Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Three and Nine Months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 | 6
| Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the Nine Months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 | 8
| Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements | 10
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 32
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 47
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 48
Part II – Other Information |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 49
Item 1a. | Risk Factors | 49
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 49
Item 3. | Defaults by the Company on its Senior Securities | 49
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 49
Item 5. | Other Information | 49
Item 6. | Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K | 50
Signatures | 55
Exhibit 31.1 |
Exhibit 31.2 |
Exhibit 32 |

2

MIDDLEFIELD BANC CORP.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks |  | $ | 113,177 |  |  | $ | 92,874 |
Federal funds sold |  |  | 19,174 |  |  |  | 19,543 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 132,351 |  |  |  | 112,417 |
Equity securities, at fair value |  |  | 833 |  |  |  | 609 |
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value |  |  | 163,057 |  |  |  | 114,360 |
Loans held for sale |  |  | 676 |  |  |  | 878 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  |  | 110,883 |  |  |  | 103,121 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 310,222 |  |  |  | 309,424 |
Multifamily |  |  | 30,762 |  |  |  | 39,562 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 232,020 |  |  |  | 233,995 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 163,052 |  |  |  | 232,044 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 105,450 |  |  |  | 112,543 |
Construction and other |  |  | 49,378 |  |  |  | 63,573 |
Consumer installment |  |  | 8,515 |  |  |  | 9,823 |
Total loans |  |  | 1,010,282 |  |  |  | 1,104,085 |
Less: allowance for loan and lease losses |  |  | 14,234 |  |  |  | 13,459 |
Net loans |  |  | 996,048 |  |  |  | 1,090,626 |
Premises and equipment, net |  |  | 17,507 |  |  |  | 18,333 |
Goodwill |  |  | 15,071 |  |  |  | 15,071 |
Core deposit intangibles |  |  | 1,484 |  |  |  | 1,724 |
Bank-owned life insurance |  |  | 16,954 |  |  |  | 16,938 |
Other real estate owned |  |  | 7,090 |  |  |  | 7,387 |
Accrued interest receivable and other assets |  |  | 14,794 |  |  |  | 13,636 |
TOTAL ASSETS |  | $ | 1,365,865 |  |  | $ | 1,391,979 |
LIABILITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand |  | $ | 316,770 |  |  | $ | 291,347 |
Interest-bearing demand |  |  | 237,576 |  |  |  | 195,722 |
Money market |  |  | 178,423 |  |  |  | 198,493 |
Savings |  |  | 256,114 |  |  |  | 243,888 |
Time |  |  | 211,674 |  |  |  | 295,750 |
Total deposits |  |  | 1,200,557 |  |  |  | 1,225,200 |
Other borrowings |  |  | 12,966 |  |  |  | 17,038 |
Accrued interest payable and other liabilities |  |  | 6,287 |  |  |  | 5,931 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  |  | 1,219,810 |  |  |  | 1,248,169 |
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, no par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized, 7,329,548 and 7,308,685 shares issued; 6,054,083 and 6,379,323 shares outstanding |  |  | 87,131 |  |  |  | 86,886 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 80,376 |  |  |  | 69,578 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |  |  | 3,610 |  |  |  | 4,284 |
Treasury stock, at cost; 1,275,465 and 929,362 shares |  |  | (25,062 | ) |  |  | (16,938 | )
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  | 146,055 |  |  |  | 143,810 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  | $ | 1,365,865 |  |  | $ | 1,391,979 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

3

MIDDLEFIELD BANC CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
INTEREST AND DIVIDEND INCOME |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and fees on loans |  | $ | 12,258 |  |  | $ | 12,603 |  |  | $ | 36,310 |  |  | $ | 36,962 |
Interest-earning deposits in other institutions |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | 109 |
Federal funds sold |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 21 |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable interest |  |  | 461 |  |  |  | 249 |  |  |  | 1,241 |  |  |  | 612 |
Tax-exempt interest |  |  | 673 |  |  |  | 618 |  |  |  | 1,833 |  |  |  | 1,881 |
Dividends on stock |  |  | 24 |  |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 79 |  |  |  | 86 |
Total interest and dividend income |  |  | 13,447 |  |  |  | 13,507 |  |  |  | 39,525 |  |  |  | 39,671 |
INTEREST EXPENSE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  | 915 |  |  |  | 2,106 |  |  |  | 3,130 |  |  |  | 7,307 |
Short-term borrowings |  |  | - |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 81 |
Other borrowings |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 115 |  |  |  | 166 |
Total interest expense |  |  | 952 |  |  |  | 2,148 |  |  |  | 3,245 |  |  |  | 7,554 |
NET INTEREST INCOME |  |  | 12,495 |  |  |  | 11,359 |  |  |  | 36,280 |  |  |  | 32,117 |
Provision for loan losses |  |  | - |  |  |  | 4,000 |  |  |  | 900 |  |  |  | 7,740 |
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION FOR LOAN LOSSES |  |  | 12,495 |  |  |  | 7,359 |  |  |  | 35,380 |  |  |  | 24,377 |
NONINTEREST INCOME |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges on deposit accounts |  |  | 876 |  |  |  | 691 |  |  |  | 2,519 |  |  |  | 1,810 |
Gain (loss) on equity securities |  |  | 102 |  |  |  | (28 | ) |  |  | 223 |  |  |  | (157 | )
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | 109 |  |  |  | 440 |  |  |  | 321 |
Gain on sale of loans |  |  | 309 |  |  |  | 660 |  |  |  | 1,122 |  |  |  | 1,155 |
Other income |  |  | 426 |  |  |  | 379 |  |  |  | 1,367 |  |  |  | 1,251 |
Total noninterest income |  |  | 1,821 |  |  |  | 1,811 |  |  |  | 5,671 |  |  |  | 4,380 |
NONINTEREST EXPENSE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits |  |  | 4,488 |  |  |  | 3,477 |  |  |  | 13,063 |  |  |  | 11,197 |
Occupancy expense |  |  | 457 |  |  |  | 497 |  |  |  | 1,606 |  |  |  | 1,530 |
Equipment expense |  |  | 333 |  |  |  | 363 |  |  |  | 1,003 |  |  |  | 943 |
Data processing costs |  |  | 736 |  |  |  | 683 |  |  |  | 2,220 |  |  |  | 2,033 |
Ohio state franchise tax |  |  | 287 |  |  |  | 282 |  |  |  | 859 |  |  |  | 831 |
Federal deposit insurance expense |  |  | 150 |  |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | 444 |  |  |  | 320 |
Professional fees |  |  | 136 |  |  |  | 289 |  |  |  | 878 |  |  |  | 1,007 |
Net loss (gain) on other real estate owned |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | (225 | ) |  |  | 77 |  |  |  | (257 | )
Advertising expense |  |  | 222 |  |  |  | 217 |  |  |  | 664 |  |  |  | 643 |
Software amortization expense |  |  | 88 |  |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | 242 |  |  |  | 285 |
Core deposit intangible amortization |  |  | 81 |  |  |  | 83 |  |  |  | 241 |  |  |  | 249 |
Other expense |  |  | 951 |  |  |  | 1,163 |  |  |  | 2,920 |  |  |  | 3,182 |
Total noninterest expense |  |  | 7,938 |  |  |  | 7,022 |  |  |  | 24,217 |  |  |  | 21,963 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 6,378 |  |  |  | 2,148 |  |  |  | 16,834 |  |  |  | 6,794 |
Income taxes |  |  | 1,174 |  |  |  | 295 |  |  |  | 3,038 |  |  |  | 934 |
NET INCOME |  | $ | 5,204 |  |  | $ | 1,853 |  |  | $ | 13,796 |  |  | $ | 5,860 |
EARNINGS PER SHARE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.85 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 2.20 |  |  | $ | 0.92 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.85 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 2.19 |  |  | $ | 0.92 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

4

MIDDLEFIELD BANC CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Net income |  | $ | 5,204 |  |  | $ | 1,853 |  |  | $ | 13,796 |  |  | $ | 5,860 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized holding (loss) gain on available-for-sale investment securities |  |  | (358 | ) |  |  | 400 |  |  |  | (853 | ) |  |  | 2,829 |
Tax effect |  |  | 75 |  |  |  | (84 | ) |  |  | 179 |  |  |  | (594 | )
Total other comprehensive (loss) income |  |  | (283 | ) |  |  | 316 |  |  |  | (674 | ) |  |  | 2,235 |
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 4,921 |  |  | $ | 2,169 |  |  | $ | 13,122 |  |  | $ | 8,095 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

5

MIDDLEFIELD BANC CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Stockholders' |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Income |  |  | Stock |  |  | Equity |
Balance, June 30, 2021 |  |  | 7,325,918 |  |  | $ | 87,131 |  |  | $ | 76,150 |  |  | $ | 3,893 |  |  | $ | (21,130 | ) |  | $ | 146,044 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,204 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,204 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (283 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (283 | )
Stock-based compensation, net |  |  | 3,630 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | - |
Treasury shares acquired (165,058) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3,932 | ) |  |  | (3,932 | )
Cash dividends ($0.16 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (978 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (978 | )
Balance, September 30, 2021 |  |  | 7,329,548 |  |  | $ | 87,131 |  |  | $ | 80,376 |  |  | $ | 3,610 |  |  | $ | (25,062 | ) |  | $ | 146,055 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Stockholders' |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Income |  |  | Stock |  |  | Equity |
Balance, June 30, 2020 |  |  | 7,298,829 |  |  | $ | 86,722 |  |  | $ | 67,150 |  |  | $ | 3,761 |  |  | $ | (16,938 | ) |  | $ | 140,695 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,853 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,853 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 316 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 316 |
Stock options exercised |  |  | 500 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |
Stock-based compensation, net |  |  | 8,143 |  |  |  | 145 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 145 |
Cash dividends ($0.15 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (957 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (957 | )
Balance, September 30, 2020 |  |  | 7,307,472 |  |  | $ | 86,871 |  |  | $ | 68,046 |  |  | $ | 4,077 |  |  | $ | (16,938 | ) |  | $ | 142,056 |

(continued on following page)

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

6

MIDDLEFIELD BANC CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited, continued from previous page)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Stockholders' |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Income |  |  | Stock |  |  | Equity |
Balance, December 31, 2020 |  |  | 7,308,685 |  |  | $ | 86,886 |  |  | $ | 69,578 |  |  | $ | 4,284 |  |  | $ | (16,938 | ) |  | $ | 143,810 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13,796 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13,796 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (674 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (674 | )
Stock options exercised |  |  | 10,650 |  |  |  | 94 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 94 |
Stock-based compensation, net |  |  | 10,213 |  |  |  | 151 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 151 |
Treasury shares acquired (346,103) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (8,124 | ) |  |  | (8,124 | )
Cash dividends ($0.48 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,998 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,998 | )
Balance, September 30, 2021 |  |  | 7,329,548 |  |  | $ | 87,131 |  |  | $ | 80,376 |  |  | $ | 3,610 |  |  | $ | (25,062 | ) |  | $ | 146,055 |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Accumulated |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Other |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Retained |  |  | Comprehensive |  |  | Treasury |  |  | Stockholders' |
|  | Shares |  |  | Amount |  |  | Earnings |  |  | Income |  |  | Stock |  |  | Equity |
Balance, December 31, 2019 |  |  | 7,294,792 |  |  | $ | 86,617 |  |  | $ | 65,063 |  |  | $ | 1,842 |  |  | $ | (15,747 | ) |  | $ | 137,775 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,860 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,860 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,235 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,235 |
Stock options exercised |  |  | 500 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4 |
Stock-based compensation, net |  |  | 12,180 |  |  |  | 250 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 250 |
Treasury shares acquired (58,200) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1,191 | ) |  |  | (1,191 | )
Cash dividends ($0.45 per share) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,877 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,877 | )
Balance, September 30, 2020 |  |  | 7,307,472 |  |  | $ | 86,871 |  |  | $ | 68,046 |  |  | $ | 4,077 |  |  | $ | (16,938 | ) |  | $ | 142,056 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

7

MIDDLEFIELD BANC CORP.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

(Dollar amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 13,796 |  |  | $ | 5,860 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for loan losses |  |  | 900 |  |  |  | 7,740 |
(Gain) loss on equity securities |  |  | (223 | ) |  |  | 157 |
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment, net |  |  | 1,075 |  |  |  | 990 |
Software amortization expense |  |  | 242 |  |  |  | 285 |
Financing lease amortization expense |  |  | 235 |  |  |  | 209 |
Gain on sale of premises and equipment |  |  | - |  |  |  | (27 | )
Amortization of premium and discount on investment securities, net |  |  | 351 |  |  |  | 270 |
Accretion of deferred loan fees, net |  |  | (3,750 | ) |  |  | (2,134 | )
Amortization of core deposit intangibles |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | 249 |
Stock-based compensation income, net |  |  | (21 | ) |  |  | (156 | )
Origination of loans held for sale |  |  | (30,309 | ) |  |  | (44,080 | )
Proceeds from sale of loans |  |  | 31,633 |  |  |  | 35,998 |
Gain on sale of loans |  |  | (1,122 | ) |  |  | (1,155 | )
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance |  |  | (440 | ) |  |  | (321 | )
Deferred income tax |  |  | 281 |  |  |  | 615 |
Loss (gain) on other real estate owned |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | (257 | )
Decrease (increase) in accrued interest receivable |  |  | 818 |  |  |  | (2,527 | )
Decrease in accrued interest payable |  |  | (275 | ) |  |  | (129 | )
Other, net |  |  | (2,176 | ) |  |  | 4,048 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 11,283 |  |  |  | 5,635 |
INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment securities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from repayments and maturities |  |  | 9,528 |  |  |  | 12,676 |
Purchases |  |  | (59,429 | ) |  |  | (17,352 | )
Decrease (increase) in loans, net |  |  | 97,365 |  |  |  | (148,807 | )
Proceeds from the sale of other real estate owned |  |  | 332 |  |  |  | 675 |
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance |  |  | 424 |  |  |  | - |
Purchase of premises and equipment |  |  | (417 | ) |  |  | (948 | )
Proceeds from the disposal of premises and equipment |  |  | - |  |  |  | 27 |
Purchase of restricted stock |  |  | - |  |  |  | (1,600 | )
Redemption of restricted stock |  |  | 658 |  |  |  | 241 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  |  | 48,461 |  |  |  | (155,088 | )
FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (decrease) increase in deposits |  |  | (24,643 | ) |  |  | 173,120 |
Increase in short-term borrowings, net |  |  | - |  |  |  | (5,075 | )
Proceeds from other borrowings |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,340 |
Repayment of other borrowings |  |  | (4,139 | ) |  |  | - |
Stock options exercised |  |  | 94 |  |  |  | 4 |
Repurchase of treasury shares |  |  | (8,124 | ) |  |  | (1,191 | )
Cash dividends |  |  | (2,998 | ) |  |  | (2,877 | )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities |  |  | (39,810 | ) |  |  | 167,321 |
Increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 19,934 |  |  |  | 17,868 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD |  |  | 112,417 |  |  |  | 35,113 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD |  | $ | 132,351 |  |  | $ | 52,981 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

8

|  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the year for: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on deposits and borrowings |  | $ | 3,520 |  |  | $ | 7,683 |
Income taxes |  |  | 4,328 |  |  |  | 2,002 |
Noncash investing transactions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transfers from loans to other real estate owned |  | $ | 63 |  |  | $ | 7,654 |
Finance lease assets added to premises and equipment |  |  | (67 | ) |  |  | (1,010 | )
Noncash financing transactions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance lease liabilities added to other borrowings funds |  | $ | 67 |  |  | $ | 1,010 |

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

9

MIDDLEFIELD BANC CORP.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The consolidated financial statements of Middlefield Banc Corp. ("Company") include its bank subsidiary, The Middlefield Banking Company (“MBC” or “Middlefield Bank”), and a nonbank asset resolution subsidiary EMORECO, Inc. The consolidated financial statements also include the accounts of MBC’s subsidiary, Middlefield Investments, Inc. (MI). All significant inter-company items have been eliminated.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for complete financial statements. The financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. The interim consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring items) that, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations for the periods presented. The results of operations for the interim periods disclosed herein are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year.

In preparing the financial statements, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and liabilities as of the balance sheet date and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In September 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes the impairment model for most financial assets. This Update is intended to improve financial reporting by requiring timelier recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations. The underlying premise of the Update is that financial assets measured at amortized cost should be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, through an allowance for credit losses that is deducted from the amortized cost basis. The allowance for credit losses should reflect management’s current estimate of credit losses that are expected to occur over the remaining life of a financial asset. The income statement will be affected for the measurement of credit losses for newly recognized financial assets, as well as the expected increases or decreases of expected credit losses that have taken place during the period. With certain exceptions, transition to the new requirements will be through a cumulative effect adjustment to opening retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is adopted. This Update is effective for SEC filers that are eligible to be smaller reporting companies, non-SEC filers, and all other companies, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We expect to recognize a one-time cumulative-effect adjustment to the allowance for loan losses as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the new standard is effective but cannot yet determine the magnitude of any such one-time adjustment or the overall impact of the new guidance on the consolidated financial statements. Management will continue to monitor model output throughout the deferral period.

CECL Adoption. The Company continues to monitor the opportunity to early adopt ASC Topic 326, which replaces the current incurred loss approach for measuring credit losses with an expected loss model ("CECL"). CECL applies to financial assets subject to credit losses and measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures, which include, but are not limited to, loans, leases, held-to-maturity securities, loan commitments, and financial guarantees. Expected results of adoption are challenging to foreshadow due to the evolving macroeconomic landscape. Early adoption of CECL is unlikely.

In May 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-04, Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt – Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40), which requires an entity to treat a modification of an equity-classified warrant that does not cause the warrant to become liability-classified as an exchange of the original warrant for a new warrant. This guidance applies whether the modification is structured as an amendment to the terms and conditions of the warrant or as termination of the original warrant and issuance of a new warrant. An entity should measure the effect of a modification as the difference between the fair value of the modified warrant and the fair value of that warrant immediately before the modification. The amendments in this Update are effective for all entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, including interim periods within those fiscal years. An entity should apply the amendments prospectively to modifications or exchanges occurring on or after the effective date of the amendments. Early adoption is permitted for all entities, including adoption in an interim period. If an entity elects to early adopt the amendments in this Update in an interim period, the guidance should be applied as of the beginning of the fiscal year that includes that interim period. This Update is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

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In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-05, Leases (Topic 842), which amends ASC 842 so that lessors are no longer required to recognize a selling loss upon commencement of a lease with variable lease payments that, before the amendments, would have been classified as a sales-type or direct financing lease. Furthermore, a lessor must classify as an operating lease any lease that would otherwise be classified as a sales-type or direct financing lease and that would result in the recognition of a selling loss at lease commencement, provided that the lease includes variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate. For public business entities and certain not-for-profit entities and employee benefit plans that have adopted ASC 842, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. For all other entities that have adopted ASC 842, the amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. All entities that have adopted ASC 842 are permitted to early adopt the amendments in ASU 2021-05. The amendments in ASU 2021-05 are effective as of the same date as the guidance in ASC 842 for entities that have not adopted ASC 842. This Update is not expected to have a significant impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Reclassification of Comparative Amounts

Certain comparative amounts for prior years have been reclassified to conform to current-year presentations. Such reclassifications did not affect net income or retained earnings.

NOTE 2 – REVENUE RECOGNITION

Following ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), management determined that the primary sources of revenue, which emanate from interest income on loans and investments, along with noninterest revenue resulting from investment security gains, gains on the sale of loans, and BOLI income, are not within the scope of ASC 606. These revenue sources cumulatively comprise 91.1% of the total revenue of the Company.

The main types of noninterest income within the scope of the standard are as follows:

Service charges on deposit accounts – The Company has contracts with its deposit customers where fees are charged if the account balance falls below predetermined levels defined as compensating balances. These agreements can be canceled at any time by either the Company or the deposit customer. Revenue from these transactions is recognized monthly as the Company has an unconditional right to the fee consideration. The Company also has transaction fees related to specific customer requests or activities that include overdraft fees, online banking fees, and other transaction fees. All of these fees are attributable to specific performance obligations of the Company where the revenue is recognized at a defined point in time, which is the completion of the requested service/transaction.

Net gains (losses) on sale of other real estate owned (“OREO”) – Gains and losses are recognized after the property sale when the buyer obtains control of the real estate and all of the performance obligations of the Company have been satisfied. Evidence of the buyer obtaining control of the asset includes the transfer of the property title, physical possession of the asset, and the buyer obtaining control of the risks and rewards related to the asset. In situations where the Company agrees to provide financing to facilitate the sale, additional analysis is performed to ensure that the contract for sale identifies the buyer and seller, the asset to be transferred, and the payment terms, that the contract has a true commercial substance and that amounts due from the buyer are reasonable. In situations where financing terms are not reflective of current market terms, the transaction price is discounted, impacting the gain/loss and the carrying value of the asset.

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The following table depicts the disaggregation of revenue derived from contracts with customers to depict the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows:

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |
Noninterest Income |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
(Dollar amounts in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Service charges on deposit accounts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Overdraft fees |  | $ | 192 |  |  | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | 523 |  |  | $ | 475 |
ATM banking fees |  |  | 354 |  |  |  | 298 |  |  |  | 1,026 |  |  |  | 771 |
Service charges and other fees |  |  | 330 |  |  |  | 230 |  |  |  | 970 |  |  |  | 564 |
Gain (loss) on equity securities (a) |  |  | 102 |  |  |  | (28 | ) |  |  | 223 |  |  |  | (157 | )
Earnings on bank-owned life insurance (a) |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | 109 |  |  |  | 440 |  |  |  | 321 |
Gain on sale of loans (a) |  |  | 309 |  |  |  | 660 |  |  |  | 1,122 |  |  |  | 1,155 |
Revenue from investment services |  |  | 190 |  |  |  | 132 |  |  |  | 529 |  |  |  | 400 |
Other income |  |  | 236 |  |  |  | 247 |  |  |  | 838 |  |  |  | 851 |
Total noninterest income |  | $ | 1,821 |  |  | $ | 1,811 |  |  | $ | 5,671 |  |  | $ | 4,380 |
Net loss (gain) on other real estate owned |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | (225 | ) |  | $ | 77 |  |  | $ | (257 | )

(a) Not within scope of ASC 606

NOTE 3 - STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The Company had no nonvested stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2021, and 2020.

Stock option activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, is as follows:

|  |  |  |  |  | Weighted- average Exercise |
|  | Shares |  |  | Price Per Share |
Outstanding, January 1, 2021 |  |  | 12,150 |  |  | $ | 8.78 |
Exercised |  |  | (12,150 | ) |  |  | 8.78 |
Outstanding, September 30, 2021 |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Exercisable, September 30, 2021 |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |

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The following table presents the activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, related to awards of restricted stock:

|  |  |  |  |  | Weighted-average Grant Date |
|  | Units |  |  | Fair Value Per Unit |
Nonvested at January 1, 2021 |  |  | 66,362 |  |  | $ | 23.52 |
Granted |  |  | 29,193 |  |  |  | 22.50 |
Vested |  |  | (17,622 | ) |  |  | (24.10 | )
Nonvested at September 30, 2021 |  |  | 77,933 |  |  | $ | 23.00 |
Expected to vest as of September 30, 2021 |  |  | 53,915 |  |  | $ | 22.42 |

The Company recognizes restricted stock forfeitures in the period they occur.

Share-based compensation expense (recovery) of $292,000 and ($75,000) was recognized for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Share-based compensation expense (recovery) of $389,000 and ($188,000) was recognized for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. Expense recovery is the result of a decrease in the market valuation of the plans. Vesting of shares under the plan is contingent on a combination of service period and a market condition tied to the total shareholder return on the Company’s stock. A change in market conditions leads to adjustments to the probability of the market condition achievement which results in changes in the liability and the compensation expense. Since the shares of restricted stock are historically paid out at the vesting date in a combination of shares and cash, the Company has recorded a liability related to this plan which totals $887,000 and $289,000 on September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively. When the shares vest, the amount distributed in shares is transferred to common stock and the remainder is distributed in cash.

Total unrecognized stock compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation on restricted stock as of September 30, 2021 totals $657,000, of which $127,000 is estimated for the rest of 2021, $317,000 for 2022, $188,000 for 2023, and $25,000 for 2024.

NOTE 4 - EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company provides a dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the average shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share adds the dilutive effects of stock options and restricted stock to average shares outstanding.

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The following table sets forth the composition of the weighted-average common shares (denominator) used in the basic and diluted earnings-per-share computation.

|  | For the Three |  |  | For the Nine |
|  | Months Ended |  |  | Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Weighted-average common shares issued |  |  | 7,329,548 |  |  |  | 7,305,653 |  |  |  | 7,323,936 |  |  |  | 7,301,091 |
Average treasury stock shares |  |  | (1,192,900 | ) |  |  | (929,362 | ) |  |  | (1,058,133 | ) |  |  | (913,510 | )
Weighted-average common shares and common stock equivalents used to calculate basic earnings per share |  |  | 6,136,648 |  |  |  | 6,376,291 |  |  |  | 6,265,803 |  |  |  | 6,387,581 |
Additional common stock equivalents (stock options and restricted stock) used to calculate diluted earnings per share |  |  | 20,533 |  |  |  | 9,474 |  |  |  | 21,753 |  |  |  | 10,093 |
Weighted-average common shares and common stock equivalents used to calculate diluted earnings per share |  |  | 6,157,181 |  |  |  | 6,385,765 |  |  |  | 6,287,556 |  |  |  | 6,397,674 |

Outstanding on September 30, 2021, were 77,933 shares of restricted stock, 57,400 shares of which were anti-dilutive. There were no options to purchase shares of common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2021.

Options to purchase 13,000 shares of common stock at $8.78 per share were outstanding during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. Also outstanding were 67,760 shares of restricted stock, 67,405 shares of which were anti-dilutive.

When shares recognized as equity are repurchased, the amount of the consideration paid, which includes directly attributable costs, is recognized as a deduction from equity. Repurchased shares are classified as treasury shares and are presented in the treasury share reserve. The reserve for the Company’s treasury shares comprises the cost of the Company’s shares held by the Company. As of September 30, 2021, the Company held 1,275,465 of the Company’s shares, which is an increase of 346,103 from the 929,362 shares held as of December 31, 2020.

NOTE 5 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for an asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. GAAP establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the use of inputs used in valuation methodologies into the following levels:

Level I: | Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reported date.

Level II: | Pricing inputs are other than the quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date. The nature of these assets and liabilities includes items for which quoted prices are available but traded less frequently and items that are fair-valued using other financial instruments, the parameters of which can be directly observed.

Level III: | Assets and liabilities that have little to no pricing observability as of the reported date. These items do not have two-way markets and are measured using management’s best estimate of fair value, where the inputs into the determination of fair value require significant management judgment or estimation.

This hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available.

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The following tables present the assets measured on a recurring basis on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at their fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

|  |  |  |  |  | September 30, 2021 |  |  |  |  |
(Dollar amounts in thousands) |  | Level I |  |  | Level II |  |  | Level III |  |  | Total |
Assets measured on a recurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subordinated debt |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 20,933 |  |  | $ | 11,687 |  |  | $ | 32,620 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  |  | - |  |  |  | 119,048 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 119,048 |
Mortgage-backed securities in government-sponsored entities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 11,389 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 11,389 |
Total debt securities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 151,370 |  |  |  | 11,687 |  |  |  | 163,057 |
Equity securities in financial institutions |  |  | 833 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 833 |
Total |  | $ | 833 |  |  | $ | 151,370 |  |  | $ | 11,687 |  |  | $ | 163,890 |

|  |  |  |  |  | December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |
(Dollar amounts in thousands) |  | Level I |  |  | Level II |  |  | Level III |  |  | Total |
Assets measured on a recurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Subordinated debt |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 14,047 |  |  | $ | 7,250 |  |  | $ | 21,297 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions |  |  | - |  |  |  | 78,302 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 78,302 |
Mortgage-backed securities in government-sponsored entities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 14,761 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 14,761 |
Total debt securities |  |  | - |  |  |  | 107,110 |  |  |  | 7,250 |  |  |  | 114,360 |
Equity securities in financial institutions |  |  | 609 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 609 |
Total |  | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 107,110 |  |  | $ | 7,250 |  |  | $ | 114,969 |

The beginning balance of the Level III investments was $7.3 million, which increased due to purchases of $4.2 million, and increased by $237,000 due to a change in fair value during the period resulting in an ending balance of $11.7 million.

Investment Securities Available for Sale - The Company obtains fair values from an independent pricing service which represent quoted prices for similar assets, fair values determined by pricing models using a market approach that considers observable market data, such as interest rate volatilities, LIBOR yield curve, credit spreads and prices from market makers and live trading systems (Level II). Securities for which the pricing service is unable to calculate a market price are reported at fair value and are classified under the Level III measurement.

Equity Securities - Equity securities that are traded on a national securities exchange are valued at their last reported sales price as of the measurement date. Equity securities traded in the over-the-counter (“OTC”) markets and listed securities for which no sale was reported on that date are generally valued at their last reported “bid” price if held long, and last reported “ask” price if sold short. To the extent equity securities are actively traded and valuation adjustments are not applied, they are categorized in Level I of the fair value hierarchy.

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The following tables present the assets measured on a non-recurring basis on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at their fair value by level within the fair value hierarchy. Collateral-dependent impaired loans are carried at fair value if they have been charged down to fair value or if a specific valuation allowance has been established. A new cost basis is established at the time a property is initially recorded in OREO. OREO properties are carried at fair value if a devaluation has been taken to the property’s value after the initial measurement. No such devaluation occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

|  |  |  |  |  | September 30, 2021 |  |  |  |  |
(Dollar amounts in thousands) |  | Level I |  |  | Level II |  |  | Level III |  |  | Total |
Assets measured on a non-recurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 5,390 |  |  | $ | 5,390 |
Other real estate owned |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6,992 |  |  |  | 6,992 |

|  |  |  |  |  | December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |
(Dollar amounts in thousands) |  | Level I |  |  | Level II |  |  | Level III |  |  | Total |
Assets measured on a non-recurring basis: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 4,111 |  |  | $ | 4,111 |
Other real estate owned |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6,992 |  |  |  | 6,992 |

Impaired Loans – The Company has measured impairment on collateral-dependent impaired loans generally based on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties. In some cases, management may adjust the appraised value due to the age of the appraisal, changes in market conditions, or observable deterioration of the property since the appraisal was completed. Additionally, management makes estimates about expected costs to sell the property which are also included in the net realizable value. If the fair value of the collateral-dependent loan is less than the carrying amount of the loan, a specific reserve for the loan is made in the allowance for loan losses, or a charge-off is taken to reduce the loan to the fair value of the collateral (less estimated selling costs) and the loan is included in the above table as a Level III measurement. If the fair value of the collateral exceeds the carrying amount of the loan, then the loan is not included in the above table as it is not currently being carried at its fair value. The fair values in the above table exclude estimated selling costs of $1.2 million and $838,000 as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively.

Other Real Estate Owned (OREO) – OREO is carried at the lower of cost or fair value, which is measured at the date of foreclosure. If the fair value of the collateral exceeds the carrying amount of the loan, no charge-off or adjustment is necessary, the loan is not considered to be carried at fair value, and is therefore not included in the above table. If the fair value of the collateral is less than the carrying amount of the loan, management will charge the loan down to its estimated realizable value. The fair value of OREO is based on the appraised value of the property, which is generally unadjusted by management and is based on comparable sales for similar properties in the same geographic region as the subject property and is included in the above table as a Level II measurement. In some cases, management may adjust the appraised value due to the age of the appraisal, changes in market conditions, or observable deterioration of the property since the appraisal was completed. In these cases, the loans are categorized in the above table as a Level III measurement since these adjustments are considered to be unobservable inputs. Income and expenses from operations and further declines in the fair value of the collateral after foreclosure are included in net expenses from OREO.

The following tables present additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and for which the Company uses Level III inputs to determine fair value:

|  | Quantitative Information about Level III Fair Value Measurements |
(Dollar amounts in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fair Value Estimate |  | Valuation Techniques | Unobservable Input |  | Range (Weighted Average)
September 30, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans |  | $ | 5,390 |  | Appraisal of collateral (1) | Appraisal adjustments (2) |  | 25.0% | to | 72.2% | (38.7%)
Other real estate owned |  | $ | 6,992 |  | Appraisal of collateral (1) | Appraisal adjustments (2) |  |  | 19.9% |  |

|  | Quantitative Information about Level III Fair Value Measurements |
(Dollar amounts in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Fair Value Estimate |  | Valuation Techniques | Unobservable Input |  | Range (Weighted Average)
December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans |  | $ | 4,111 |  | Appraisal of collateral (1) | Appraisal adjustments (2) |  | 17.6% | to | 48.5% | (22.7%)
Other real estate owned |  | $ | 6,992 |  | Appraisal of collateral (1) | Appraisal adjustments (2) |  |  | 19.9% |  |

| (1) | Fair value is generally determined through independent appraisals of the underlying collateral, which generally include various level III inputs that are not identifiable, less any associated allowance.

| (2) | Appraisals may be adjusted by management for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses. The range and weighted average of liquidation expenses and other appraisal adjustments are presented as a percent of the appraisal.

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The estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis is as follows:

|  | September 30, 2021 |
|  | Carrying |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
|  | Value |  |  | Level I |  |  | Level II |  |  | Level III |  |  | Fair Value |
|  | (Dollar amounts in thousands) |
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 132,351 |  |  | $ | 132,351 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 132,351 |
Loans held for sale |  |  | 676 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,105 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,105 |
Net loans |  |  | 996,048 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 986,527 |  |  |  | 986,527 |
Bank-owned life insurance |  |  | 16,954 |  |  |  | 16,954 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 16,954 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock |  |  | 4,399 |  |  |  | 4,399 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 4,399 |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 4,392 |  |  |  | 4,392 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 4,392 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | $ | 1,200,557 |  |  | $ | 988,883 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 213,479 |  |  | $ | 1,202,362 |
Other borrowings |  |  | 12,966 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 12,966 |  |  |  | 12,966 |
Accrued interest payable |  |  | 305 |  |  |  | 305 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 305 |

|  | December 31, 2020 |
|  | Carrying |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
|  | Value |  |  | Level I |  |  | Level II |  |  | Level III |  |  | Fair Value |
|  | (Dollar amounts in thousands) |
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 112,417 |  |  | $ | 112,417 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 112,417 |
Loans held for sale |  |  | 878 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 878 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 878 |
Net loans |  |  | 1,090,626 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,089,573 |  |  |  | 1,089,573 |
Bank-owned life insurance |  |  | 16,938 |  |  |  | 16,938 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 16,938 |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock |  |  | 5,057 |  |  |  | 5,057 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,057 |
Accrued interest receivable |  |  | 5,210 |  |  |  | 5,210 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,210 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | $ | 1,225,200 |  |  | $ | 929,450 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 299,651 |  |  | $ | 1,229,101 |
Other borrowings |  |  | 17,038 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 15,250 |  |  |  | 15,250 |
Accrued interest payable |  |  | 580 |  |  |  | 580 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 580 |

All financial instruments included in the above tables, except for net loans, deposits, and loans held for sale are carried at cost, which approximates the fair value of the instruments.

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NOTE 6 – ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) by component net of tax for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively:

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities (a) |
Balance as of June 30, 2021 |  | $ | 3,893 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | (283 | )
Balance at September 30, 2021 |  | $ | 3,610 |
Balance as of December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 4,284 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | (674 | )
Balance at September 30, 2021 |  | $ | 3,610 |

(Dollars in thousands) |  | Unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale securities (a) |
Balance as of June 30, 2020 |  | $ | 3,761 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | 316 |
Balance at September 30, 2020 |  | $ | 4,077 |
Balance as of December 31, 2019 |  | $ | 1,842 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  | 2,235 |
Balance at September 30, 2020 |  | $ | 4,077 |

| (a) | All amounts are net of tax. Amounts in parentheses indicate debits to AOCI.

There were no other reclassifications of amounts from accumulated other comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020.

NOTE 7 – INVESTMENT AND EQUITY SECURITIES

The amortized cost and fair values of investment securities available for sale are as follows:

|  | September 30, 2021 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  | Gross |  |  |  |  |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |
(Dollar amounts in thousands) |  | Cost |  |  | Gains |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |
Subordinated debt |  | $ | 32,300 |  |  | $ | 378 |  |  | $ | (58 | ) |  | $ | 32,620 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable |  |  | 500 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 502 |
Tax-exempt |  |  | 114,603 |  |  |  | 4,194 |  |  |  | (251 | ) |  |  | 118,546 |
Mortgage-backed securities in government-sponsored entities |  |  | 11,084 |  |  |  | 365 |  |  |  | (60 | ) |  |  | 11,389 |
Total |  | $ | 158,487 |  |  | $ | 4,939 |  |  | $ | (369 | ) |  | $ | 163,057 |

18

|  | December 31, 2020 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  | Gross |  |  |  |  |
|  | Amortized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |
(Dollar amounts in thousands) |  | Cost |  |  | Gains |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |
Subordinated debt |  | $ | 21,050 |  |  | $ | 254 |  |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | 21,297 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable |  |  | 500 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 502 |
Tax-exempt |  |  | 73,157 |  |  |  | 4,643 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 77,800 |
Mortgage-backed securities in government-sponsored entities |  |  | 14,230 |  |  |  | 536 |  |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | 14,761 |
Total |  | $ | 108,937 |  |  | $ | 5,435 |  |  | $ | (12 | ) |  | $ | 114,360 |

Equity securities totaled $833,000 and $609,000 at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

The Company recognized a net gain on equity investments of $102,000 and $223,000, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. The Company recognized a net loss on equity investments of $28,000 and $157,000, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. No net gains on sold equity securities were realized from sales during these periods.

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities at September 30, 2021, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

|  | Amortized |  |  | Fair |
(Dollar amounts in thousands) |  | Cost |  |  | Value |
Due in one year or less |  | $ | 203 |  |  | $ | 203 |
Due after one year through five years |  |  | 2,072 |  |  |  | 2,130 |
Due after five years through ten years |  |  | 40,597 |  |  |  | 41,179 |
Due after ten years |  |  | 115,615 |  |  |  | 119,545 |
Total |  | $ | 158,487 |  |  | $ | 163,057 |

There were no securities sold during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, respectively.

Investment securities with an approximate carrying value of $72.7 million and $71.1 million on September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively, were pledged to secure deposits and for other purposes as required by law.

The following table shows the Company’s gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.

|  | September 30, 2021 |
|  | Less than Twelve Months |  |  | Twelve Months or Greater |  |  | Total |
|  |  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gross |
|  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |
(Dollar amounts in thousands) |  | Value |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |
Subordinated debt |  | $ | 6,149 |  |  | $ | (51 | ) |  | $ | 493 |  |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | 6,642 |  |  | $ | (58 | )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax-exempt |  |  | 22,463 |  |  |  | (251 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 22,463 |  |  |  | (251 | )
Mortgage-backed securities in government-sponsored entities |  |  | 1,674 |  |  |  | (53 | ) |  |  | 361 |  |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | 2,035 |  |  |  | (60 | )
Total |  | $ | 30,286 |  |  | $ | (355 | ) |  | $ | 854 |  |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | 31,140 |  |  | $ | (369 | )

19

|  | December 31, 2020 |
|  | Less than Twelve Months |  |  | Twelve Months or Greater |  |  | Total |
|  |  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gross |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gross |
|  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |  |  | Fair |  |  | Unrealized |
(Dollar amounts in thousands) |  | Value |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |  |  | Value |  |  | Losses |
Subordinated debt |  | $ | 4,243 |  |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 4,243 |  |  | $ | (7 | )
Mortgage-backed securities in government-sponsored entities |  |  | 2,748 |  |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 2,748 |  |  |  | (5 | )
Total |  | $ | 6,991 |  |  | $ | (12 | ) |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 6,991 |  |  | $ | (12 | )

There were 30 securities considered temporarily impaired on September 30, 2021.

Every quarter, the Company assesses whether there have been any events or economic circumstances indicating that a security with an unrealized loss has suffered other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”). A debt security is considered impaired if the fair value is less than its amortized cost basis at the reporting date. The Company assesses whether the unrealized loss is other than temporary.

OTTI losses are recognized in earnings when the Company has the intent to sell the debt security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. However, even if the Company does not expect to sell a debt security, it must evaluate expected cash flows to be received and determine if a credit loss has occurred.

An unrealized loss is generally deemed to be other than temporary and a credit loss is deemed to exist if the present value of the expected future cash flows is less than the amortized cost basis of the debt security. As a result, the credit loss of an OTTI is recorded as a component of investment securities gains (losses) in the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Income, while the remaining portion of the impairment loss is recognized in other comprehensive income, provided the Company does not intend to sell the underlying debt security and it is “more likely than not” that the Company will not have to sell the debt security before recovery.

Debt securities issued by U.S. government agencies, U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, and state and political subdivisions accounted for 80% of the total available-for-sale portfolio as of September 30, 2021, and no credit losses are expected, given the explicit and implicit guarantees provided by the U.S. federal government and the lack of prolonged unrealized loss positions within the obligations of the state and political subdivisions security portfolio. The Company considers the following factors in determining whether a credit loss exists and the period over which the debt security is expected to recover:

| • | The length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than the amortized cost basis;
| • | Changes in the near-term prospects of the underlying collateral of a security such as changes in default rates, loss severity given default, and significant changes in prepayment assumptions;
| • | The level of cash flows generated from the underlying collateral supporting the principal and interest payments of the debt securities; and
| • | Any adverse change to the credit conditions and liquidity of the issuer, taking into consideration the latest information available about the overall financial condition of the issuer, credit ratings, recent legislation and government actions affecting the issuer’s industry, and actions taken by the issuer to deal with the present economic climate.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, there were no available-for-sale debt securities with an unrealized loss that suffered OTTI. Management does not believe any individual unrealized loss as of September 30, 2021, or December 31, 2020, represented an other-than-temporary impairment. The unrealized losses on debt securities are primarily the result of interest rate changes. These conditions will not prohibit the Company from receiving its contractual principal and interest payments on these debt securities. The fair value of these debt securities is expected to recover as payments are received on these securities and they approach maturity. Should the impairment of any of these securities become other than temporary, the cost basis of the investment will be reduced and the resulting loss recognized in net income in the period the other-than-temporary impairment is identified.

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NOTE 8 - LOANS AND RELATED ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN AND LEASE LOSSES

The Company’s primary business activity is with customers located within its local Northeastern Ohio trade area, eastern Geauga County, and contiguous counties. The Company also serves the central Ohio market with offices in Dublin, Plain City, Powell, Sunbury, and Westerville, Ohio. Commercial, residential, consumer, and agricultural loans are granted. Although the Company has a diversified loan portfolio, loans outstanding to individuals and businesses are dependent upon the local economic conditions in the Company’s immediate trade area.

Loans that management has the intent and ability to hold for the foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff generally are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balances net of the allowance for loan and lease losses. Interest income is recognized on the accrual method. The accrual of interest is discontinued on a loan when management believes, after considering economic and business conditions, the borrower’s financial condition is such that the collection of interest is doubtful. Interest payments received on nonaccrual loans are applied against the unpaid principal balance until accrual status is restored.

Loan origination fees and certain direct loan origination costs are deferred with the net amount amortized over the contractual life of the loan as an adjustment of the related loan’s yield.

The following tables summarize the primary segments of the loan portfolio and allowance for loan and lease losses (in thousands):

September 30, 2021 |
Impairment Evaluation |
|  | Individually |  |  | Collectively |  |  | Total Loans |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 1,396 |  |  | $ | 109,487 |  |  | $ | 110,883 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 6,144 |  |  |  | 304,078 |  |  |  | 310,222 |
Multifamily |  |  | - |  |  |  | 30,762 |  |  |  | 30,762 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 1,163 |  |  |  | 230,857 |  |  |  | 232,020 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 665 |  |  |  | 162,387 |  |  |  | 163,052 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 252 |  |  |  | 105,198 |  |  |  | 105,450 |
Construction and other |  |  | - |  |  |  | 49,378 |  |  |  | 49,378 |
Consumer installment |  |  | - |  |  |  | 8,515 |  |  |  | 8,515 |
Total |  | $ | 9,620 |  |  | $ | 1,000,662 |  |  | $ | 1,010,282 |

December 31, 2020 |
Impairment Evaluation |
|  | Individually |  |  | Collectively |  |  | Total Loans |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 1,565 |  |  | $ | 101,556 |  |  | $ | 103,121 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 4,123 |  |  |  | 305,301 |  |  |  | 309,424 |
Multifamily |  |  | - |  |  |  | 39,562 |  |  |  | 39,562 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 1,319 |  |  |  | 232,676 |  |  |  | 233,995 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 834 |  |  |  | 231,210 |  |  |  | 232,044 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 246 |  |  |  | 112,297 |  |  |  | 112,543 |
Construction and other |  |  | - |  |  |  | 63,573 |  |  |  | 63,573 |
Consumer installment |  |  | - |  |  |  | 9,823 |  |  |  | 9,823 |
Total |  | $ | 8,087 |  |  | $ | 1,095,998 |  |  | $ | 1,104,085 |

The commercial and industrial loan portfolio as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, includes $54.2 million and $116.1 million in loans issued through the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), respectively (see Note 9). Although the SBA guarantees PPP loans if certain criteria are met, minimal risk still exists in the portfolio. Therefore, a 0.4% qualitative adjustment, equaling $216,000 is reserved for loss.

21

The amounts above include net deferred loan origination fees of $3.7 million and $4.4 million on September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively. The net deferred loan origination fees at September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, include $2.1 million and $2.7 million, respectively, of unearned deferred fees from PPP loans.

September 30, 2021 |
Ending Allowance Balance by Impairment Evaluation: |
|  | Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  |  | Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  |  | Total Allocation |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 1,547 |  |  | $ | 1,552 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 739 |  |  |  | 6,961 |  |  |  | 7,700 |
Multifamily |  |  | - |  |  |  | 398 |  |  |  | 398 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 1,658 |  |  |  | 1,675 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 102 |  |  |  | 1,057 |  |  |  | 1,159 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 96 |  |  |  | 1,232 |  |  |  | 1,328 |
Construction and other |  |  | - |  |  |  | 391 |  |  |  | 391 |
Consumer installment |  |  | - |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 31 |
Total |  | $ | 959 |  |  | $ | 13,275 |  |  | $ | 14,234 |

December 31, 2020 |
Ending Allowance Balance by Impairment Evaluation: |
|  | Individually Evaluated for Impairment |  |  | Collectively Evaluated for Impairment |  |  | Total Allocation |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 1,332 |  |  | $ | 1,342 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 371 |  |  |  | 6,446 |  |  |  | 6,817 |
Multifamily |  |  | - |  |  |  | 461 |  |  |  | 461 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 1,663 |  |  |  | 1,683 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 1,305 |  |  |  | 1,353 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 41 |  |  |  | 1,364 |  |  |  | 1,405 |
Construction and other |  |  | - |  |  |  | 378 |  |  |  | 378 |
Consumer installment |  |  | - |  |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | 20 |
Total |  | $ | 490 |  |  | $ | 12,969 |  |  | $ | 13,459 |

The Company’s loan portfolio is segmented to a level that allows management to monitor risk and performance. The portfolio is segmented into Commercial Real Estate (“CRE”) which is further segmented into Owner Occupied (“CRE OO”), Non-owner Occupied (“CRE NOO”), and Multifamily Residential, Residential Real Estate (“RRE”), Commercial and Industrial (“C&I”), Home Equity Lines of Credit (“HELOC”), Construction and Other (“Construction”), and Consumer Installment Loans. The commercial real estate loan segments consist of loans made to finance the activities of commercial real estate owners and operators. The residential real estate and HELOC loan segments consist of loans made to finance the activities of residential homeowners. The C&I loan segment consists of loans made to finance the activities of commercial customers. Although PPP loans are included with C&I loans, the nature of PPP loans differs considerably from the rest of the category. Loans funded through the PPP program are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government. This guarantee exists at the inception of the loans and throughout the lives of the loans and was not entered into separately and apart from the loans. The consumer loan segment consists primarily of installment loans and overdraft lines of credit connected with customer deposit accounts. The increases in the allowance for loan loss for the CRE, RRE, C&I, HELOC, and Construction portfolios were partially offset by a decrease in the allowance for the Consumer Installment portfolios.

22

Management evaluates individual loans in all of the commercial segments for possible impairment based on guidelines established by the Board of Directors. Loans are considered to be impaired when based on current information and events, the Company will probably be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in evaluating impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall concerning the principal and interest owed. The Company does not separately evaluate individual consumer and residential mortgage loans for impairment, unless such loans are part of a larger relationship that is impaired, or the loan was modified in a troubled debt restructuring.

Once the determination has been made that a loan is impaired, the determination of whether a specific allocation of the allowance is necessary is measured by comparing the recorded investment in the loan to the fair value of the loan using one of the following methods: (a) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (b) the loan’s observable market price; or (c) the fair value of the collateral less selling costs. The method is selected on a loan-by-loan basis. The evaluation of the need and amount of a specific allocation of the allowance and whether a loan can be removed from impairment status is made quarterly. The Company’s policy for recognizing interest income on impaired loans does not differ from its overall policy for interest recognition.

The following tables present impaired loans by class, segregated by those for which a specific allowance was required and those for which a specific allowance was not necessary (in thousands):

September 30, 2021 |
Impaired Loans |
|  |  |  |  |  | Unpaid |  |  |  |  |
|  | Recorded |  |  | Principal |  |  | Related |
|  | Investment |  |  | Balance |  |  | Allowance |
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 981 |  |  | $ | 1,027 |  |  | $ | - |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 1,624 |  |  |  | 1,754 |  |  |  | - |
Residential real estate |  |  | 870 |  |  |  | 877 |  |  |  | - |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 119 |  |  |  | 550 |  |  |  | - |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | - |
Total |  | $ | 3,602 |  |  | $ | 4,216 |  |  | $ | - |
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 415 |  |  | $ | 415 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 4,520 |  |  |  | 5,194 |  |  |  | 739 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 293 |  |  |  | 293 |  |  |  | 17 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 546 |  |  |  | 650 |  |  |  | 102 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 244 |  |  |  | 244 |  |  |  | 96 |
Total |  | $ | 6,018 |  |  | $ | 6,796 |  |  | $ | 959 |
Total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 1,396 |  |  | $ | 1,442 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 6,144 |  |  |  | 6,948 |  |  |  | 739 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 1,163 |  |  |  | 1,170 |  |  |  | 17 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 665 |  |  |  | 1,200 |  |  |  | 102 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 252 |  |  |  | 252 |  |  |  | 96 |
Total |  | $ | 9,620 |  |  | $ | 11,012 |  |  | $ | 959 |

23

December 31, 2020 |
Impaired Loans |
|  |  |  |  |  | Unpaid |  |  |  |  |
|  | Recorded |  |  | Principal |  |  | Related |
|  | Investment |  |  | Balance |  |  | Allowance |
With no related allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 1,118 |  |  | $ | 1,142 |  |  | $ | - |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 801 |  |  |  | 801 |  |  |  | - |
Residential real estate |  |  | 941 |  |  |  | 1,013 |  |  |  | - |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 561 |  |  |  | 1,056 |  |  |  | - |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 80 |  |  |  | 92 |  |  |  | - |
Total |  | $ | 3,501 |  |  | $ | 4,104 |  |  | $ | - |
With an allowance recorded: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 447 |  |  | $ | 447 |  |  | $ | 10 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 3,322 |  |  |  | 3,596 |  |  |  | 371 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 378 |  |  |  | 378 |  |  |  | 20 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 273 |  |  |  | 276 |  |  |  | 48 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 166 |  |  |  | 166 |  |  |  | 41 |
Total |  | $ | 4,586 |  |  | $ | 4,863 |  |  | $ | 490 |
Total: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 1,565 |  |  | $ | 1,589 |  |  | $ | 10 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 4,123 |  |  |  | 4,397 |  |  |  | 371 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 1,319 |  |  |  | 1,391 |  |  |  | 20 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 834 |  |  |  | 1,332 |  |  |  | 48 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 246 |  |  |  | 258 |  |  |  | 41 |
Total |  | $ | 8,087 |  |  | $ | 8,967 |  |  | $ | 490 |

The tables above include troubled debt restructuring totaling $2.6 million and $2.9 million as of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively. The amounts allocated within the allowance for losses for these troubled debt restructurings were $108,000 and $45,000 on September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively.

24

The following tables present the average balance and interest income by class, recognized on impaired loans (in thousands):

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 |  |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 |
|  | Average Recorded Investment |  |  | Interest Income Recognized |  |  | Average Recorded Investment |  |  | Interest Income Recognized |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 1,428 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | 1,485 |  |  | $ | 45 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 5,419 |  |  |  | 34 |  |  |  | 4,955 |  |  |  | 101 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 1,190 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 1,234 |  |  |  | 42 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 694 |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 807 |  |  |  | 22 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 245 |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 244 |  |  |  | 9 |
Total |  | $ | 8,976 |  |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 8,725 |  |  | $ | 219 |

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 |  |  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 |
|  | Average Recorded Investment |  |  | Interest Income Recognized |  |  | Average Recorded Investment |  |  | Interest Income Recognized |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 2,893 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 3,173 |  |  | $ | 55 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 12,912 |  |  |  | 129 |  |  |  | 9,988 |  |  |  | 387 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 1,242 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 1,229 |  |  |  | 39 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 1,376 |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 1,136 |  |  |  | 49 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 298 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 323 |  |  |  | 5 |
Consumer installment |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | - |
Total |  | $ | 18,721 |  |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 15,850 |  |  | $ | 535 |

Management uses a nine-point internal risk-rating system to monitor the credit quality of the overall loan portfolio. The first five categories are considered not criticized and are aggregated as Pass rated. The criticized rating categories utilized by management generally follow bank regulatory definitions. The Special Mention category includes assets that are currently protected but have potential weaknesses, resulting in undue and unwarranted credit risk, but not to the point of justifying a Substandard classification. Loans in the Substandard category have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt and have a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if the weaknesses are not corrected. All loans greater than 90 days past due are considered Substandard. Any portion of a loan that has been charged off is placed in the Loss category.

To help ensure that risk ratings are accurate and reflect the present and future capacity of borrowers to repay a loan as agreed, the Company has a structured loan rating process with several layers of internal and external oversight. Generally, consumer and residential mortgage loans are included in the Pass categories unless a specific action, such as payment delinquency, bankruptcy, repossession, or death, occurs to raise awareness of a possible credit quality event. The Company’s Commercial Loan Officers are responsible for the timely and accurate risk rating of the loans in their portfolios at origination and on an ongoing basis. The Credit Department performs an annual review of all commercial relationships with loan balances of $750,000 or greater. Confirmation of the appropriate risk grade is included in the review on an ongoing basis. The Company engages an external consultant to conduct loan reviews on a semiannual basis. Generally, the external consultant reviews a sample of commercial relationships greater than $250,000 and criticized relationships greater than $150,000. Detailed reviews, including plans for resolution, are performed on criticized loans on at least a quarterly basis. Loans in the Special Mention and Substandard categories that are collectively evaluated for impairment are given separate consideration in the determination of the allowance.

25

The primary risk of commercial and industrial loans is related to deterioration in the cash flow of the business that may result in the liquidation of the business assets securing the loan. C&I loans are, by nature, secured by less substantial collateral than real estate secured loans. The primary risk of real estate construction loans is potential delays and disputes during the completion process. The primary risk of residential real estate loans is current economic uncertainties. The primary risk of commercial real estate loans is the loss of income of the owner or occupier of the property and the inability of the market to sustain rent levels. Consumer installment loans historically have experienced higher delinquency rates. Consumer installments are typically secured by less substantial collateral than other types of credits.

The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aggregate Pass and the criticized categories of Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful within the internal risk-rating system (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  | Special |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
September 30, 2021 |  | Pass |  |  | Mention |  |  | Substandard |  |  | Doubtful |  |  | Loans |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 104,318 |  |  | $ | 1,577 |  |  | $ | 4,988 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 110,883 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 248,468 |  |  |  | 9,021 |  |  |  | 52,733 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 310,222 |
Multifamily |  |  | 30,762 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 30,762 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 228,867 |  |  |  | 156 |  |  |  | 2,997 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 232,020 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 160,275 |  |  |  | 778 |  |  |  | 1,999 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 163,052 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 104,376 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,074 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 105,450 |
Construction and other |  |  | 49,034 |  |  |  | 344 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 49,378 |
Consumer installment |  |  | 8,515 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 8,515 |
Total |  | $ | 934,615 |  |  | $ | 11,876 |  |  | $ | 63,791 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,010,282 |

|  |  |  |  |  | Special |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total |
December 31, 2020 |  | Pass |  |  | Mention |  |  | Substandard |  |  | Doubtful |  |  | Loans |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 93,939 |  |  | $ | 7,084 |  |  | $ | 2,098 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 103,121 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 258,974 |  |  |  | 983 |  |  |  | 49,467 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 309,424 |
Multifamily |  |  | 39,562 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 39,562 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 230,944 |  |  |  | 265 |  |  |  | 2,786 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 233,995 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 227,765 |  |  |  | 1,800 |  |  |  | 2,479 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 232,044 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 111,208 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,335 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 112,543 |
Construction and other |  |  | 58,082 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 5,491 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 63,573 |
Consumer installment |  |  | 9,816 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 9,823 |
Total |  | $ | 1,030,290 |  |  | $ | 10,132 |  |  | $ | 63,663 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1,104,085 |

Management further monitors the performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the age of the portfolio as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due.

Nonperforming assets are nonaccrual loans including nonaccrual troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”), loans 90 days or more past due, other real estate owned, and repossessed assets. A loan is classified as nonaccrual when, in the opinion of management, there are serious doubts about the collectability of interest and principal. Accrual of interest is discontinued on a loan when management believes, after considering economic and business conditions, the borrower’s financial condition is such that collection of principal and interest is doubtful. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are applied against the principal balance.

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The following tables present the aging of the recorded investment in past-due loans by class of loans (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  | 30-59 Days |  |  | 60-89 Days |  |  | 90 Days+ |  |  | Total |  |  | Total |
September 30, 2021 |  | Current |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Loans |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 110,883 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 110,883 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 309,849 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 373 |  |  |  | 373 |  |  |  | 310,222 |
Multifamily |  |  | 30,762 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 30,762 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 230,028 |  |  |  | 1,233 |  |  |  | 283 |  |  |  | 476 |  |  |  | 1,992 |  |  |  | 232,020 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 162,569 |  |  |  | 299 |  |  |  | 184 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 483 |  |  |  | 163,052 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 104,742 |  |  |  | 175 |  |  |  | 458 |  |  |  | 75 |  |  |  | 708 |  |  |  | 105,450 |
Construction and other |  |  | 49,378 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 49,378 |
Consumer installment |  |  | 8,312 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 201 |  |  |  | 203 |  |  |  | 8,515 |
Total |  | $ | 1,006,523 |  |  | $ | 1,709 |  |  | $ | 925 |  |  | $ | 1,125 |  |  | $ | 3,759 |  |  | $ | 1,010,282 |

|  |  |  |  |  | 30-59 Days |  |  | 60-89 Days |  |  | 90 Days+ |  |  | Total |  |  | Total |
December 31, 2020 |  | Current |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Past Due |  |  | Loans |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 102,587 |  |  | $ | 418 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 534 |  |  | $ | 103,121 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 305,613 |  |  |  | 1,844 |  |  |  | 1,373 |  |  |  | 594 |  |  |  | 3,811 |  |  |  | 309,424 |
Multifamily |  |  | 39,562 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 39,562 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 230,996 |  |  |  | 2,364 |  |  |  | 95 |  |  |  | 540 |  |  |  | 2,999 |  |  |  | 233,995 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 231,534 |  |  |  | 260 |  |  |  | 219 |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 510 |  |  |  | 232,044 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 112,325 |  |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | 218 |  |  |  | 112,543 |
Construction and other |  |  | 63,529 |  |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 63,573 |
Consumer installment |  |  | 9,424 |  |  |  | 71 |  |  |  | 108 |  |  |  | 220 |  |  |  | 399 |  |  |  | 9,823 |
Total |  | $ | 1,095,570 |  |  | $ | 5,121 |  |  | $ | 1,795 |  |  | $ | 1,599 |  |  | $ | 8,515 |  |  | $ | 1,104,085 |

The decrease in loans past due 30-89 days is due to loans becoming current.

The following tables present the recorded investment in nonaccrual loans and loans past due over 89 days and still on accrual by class of loans (in thousands):

September 30, 2021 |  | Nonaccrual |  |  | 90+ Days Past Due and Accruing |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 367 |  |  | $ | - |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 3,258 |  |  |  | - |
Multifamily |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Residential real estate |  |  | 2,464 |  |  |  | - |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 295 |  |  |  | - |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 221 |  |  |  | - |
Construction and other |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |
Consumer installment |  |  | 201 |  |  |  | - |
Total |  | $ | 6,806 |  |  | $ | - |

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December 31, 2020 |  | Nonaccrual |  |  | 90+ Days Past Due and Accruing |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 458 |  |  | $ | - |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 3,758 |  |  |  | - |
Residential real estate |  |  | 2,487 |  |  |  | - |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 509 |  |  |  | - |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 422 |  |  |  | - |
Consumer installment |  |  | 224 |  |  |  | - |
Total |  | $ | 7,858 |  |  | $ | - |

Interest income that would have been recorded had these loans not been placed on nonaccrual status was $107,000 and $290,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. Interest income that would have been recorded had these loans not been placed on nonaccrual status was $112,000 and $215,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

An allowance for loan and lease losses (“ALLL”) is maintained to absorb losses from the loan portfolio. The ALLL is based on management’s continuing evaluation of the risk characteristics and credit quality of the loan portfolio, assessment of current economic conditions, diversification, and size of the portfolio, adequacy of collateral, past and anticipated loss experience, and the amount of nonperforming loans.

The Company’s methodology for determining the ALLL is based on the requirements of ASC Section 310-10-35 for loans individually evaluated for impairment (discussed above) and ASC Subtopic 450-20 for loans collectively evaluated for impairment, as well as the Interagency Policy Statement on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and other bank regulatory guidance. The total of the two components represents the Company’s ALLL. Management also performs impairment analyses on TDRs, which may result in specific reserves.

Loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment are analyzed with general allowances being made as appropriate. For general allowances, historical loss trends are used in the estimation of losses in the current portfolio. These historical loss amounts are modified by other qualitative factors.

The classes described above, which are based on the purpose code assigned to each loan, provide the starting point for the ALLL analysis. Management tracks the historical net charge-off activity at the call code level. The historical charge-off factor was calculated using the last twelve consecutive historical quarters.

Management has identified several additional qualitative factors which it uses to supplement the historical charge-off factor because these factors are likely to cause estimated credit losses associated with the existing loan pools to differ from historical loss experience. The additional factors that are evaluated quarterly and updated using information obtained from internal, regulatory, and governmental sources are national and local economic trends and conditions; levels of and trends in delinquency rates and nonaccrual loans; trends in volumes and terms of loans; effects of changes in lending policies; experience, ability, and depth of lending staff; the value of underlying collateral; and concentrations of credit from a loan type, industry, and geographic standpoint.

Management reviews the loan portfolio quarterly using a defined, consistently applied process to make appropriate and timely adjustments to the ALLL. When information confirms all or part of specific loans to be uncollectible, these amounts are promptly charged off against the ALLL.

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The following tables summarize the ALLL within the primary segments of the loan portfolio and the activity within those segments (in thousands):

|  | For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 |
|  | Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses |
|  | Balance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Balance |
|  | December 31, 2020 |  |  | Charge-offs |  |  | Recoveries |  |  | Provision |  |  | September 30, 2021 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 1,342 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 166 |  |  | $ | 1,552 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 6,817 |  |  |  | (313 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1,196 |  |  |  | 7,700 |
Multifamily |  |  | 461 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (63 | ) |  |  | 398 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 1,683 |  |  |  | (27 | ) |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 1,675 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 1,353 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | (264 | ) |  |  | 1,159 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 1,405 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | (132 | ) |  |  | 1,328 |
Construction and other |  |  | 378 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | (33 | ) |  |  | 391 |
Consumer installment |  |  | 20 |  |  |  | (102 | ) |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 31 |
Total |  | $ | 13,459 |  |  | $ | (442 | ) |  | $ | 317 |  |  | $ | 900 |  |  | $ | 14,234 |

|  | For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 |
|  | Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses |
|  | Balance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Balance |
|  | December 31, 2019 |  |  | Charge-offs |  |  | Recoveries |  |  | Provision |  |  | September 30, 2020 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 801 |  |  | $ | (50 | ) |  | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 337 |  |  | $ | 1,103 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 3,382 |  |  |  | (3,022 | ) |  |  | 73 |  |  |  | 4,972 |  |  |  | 5,405 |
Multifamily |  |  | 340 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | 346 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 726 |  |  |  | (51 | ) |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 666 |  |  |  | 1,371 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 456 |  |  |  | (185 | ) |  |  | 268 |  |  |  | 964 |  |  |  | 1,503 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 932 |  |  |  | (54 | ) |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | 383 |  |  |  | 1,326 |
Construction and other |  |  | 103 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 146 |  |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 293 |
Consumer installment |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | (396 | ) |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 368 |  |  |  | 12 |
Total |  | $ | 6,768 |  |  | $ | (3,758 | ) |  | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 7,740 |  |  | $ | 11,359 |

|  | For the three months ended September 30, 2021 |
|  | Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses |
|  | Balance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Balance |
|  | June 30, 2021 |  |  | Charge-offs |  |  | Recoveries |  |  | Provision |  |  | September 30, 2021 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 1,525 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 1,552 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 7,624 |  |  |  | (50 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | 126 |  |  |  | 7,700 |
Multifamily |  |  | 449 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | (51 | ) |  |  | 398 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 1,792 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | (118 | ) |  |  | 1,675 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 1,123 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 1,159 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 1,261 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 64 |  |  |  | 1,328 |
Construction and other |  |  | 408 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | (35 | ) |  |  | 391 |
Consumer installment |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | (29 | ) |  |  | 31 |
Total |  | $ | 14,200 |  |  | $ | (50 | ) |  | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 14,234 |

29

|  | For the three months ended September 30, 2020 |
|  | Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses |
|  | Balance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Balance |
|  | March 31, 2020 |  |  | Charge-offs |  |  | Recoveries |  |  | Provision |  |  | September 30, 2020 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 1,038 |  |  | $ | - |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 1,103 |
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 5,159 |  |  |  | (3,021 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3,267 |  |  |  | 5,405 |
Multifamily |  |  | 291 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | 346 |
Residential real estate |  |  | 1,167 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 204 |  |  |  | 1,371 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 1,105 |  |  |  | (16 | ) |  |  | 29 |  |  |  | 385 |  |  |  | 1,503 |
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 1,203 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 49 |  |  |  | 74 |  |  |  | 1,326 |
Construction and other |  |  | 236 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 111 |  |  |  | (54 | ) |  |  | 293 |
Consumer installment |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 12 |
Total |  | $ | 10,210 |  |  | $ | (3,043 | ) |  | $ | 192 |  |  | $ | 4,000 |  |  | $ | 11,359 |

The provision fluctuations during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, allocated to:

| ● | non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans are due to exposure to the substandard rate credits related to the hospitality industry.

| ● | commercial and industrial loans are due to a decrease in outstanding balances as PPP loans receive forgiveness.

| ● | home equity lines of credit are due to a decrease in outstanding balances.

The provision fluctuations during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, allocated to:

| ● | a $2.2 million increase in all lending categories’ qualitative factors during the second and third quarters of 2020 due to the economic uncertainty resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

| ● | owner-occupied, non-owner occupied, and commercial and industrial loans are due to an increase in substandard rated credits.

| ● | non-owner occupied portfolio are also due to the increase of specific reserves for two relationships totaling $1.3 million.

| ● | commercial and industrial loans are due to growth in loan volume along with an allocation for the PPP loans for $423,000.

| ● | residential real estate loans are due to an increase in delinquent residential mortgages.

| ● | consumer installment loans are due to a large number of student loans that were charged off earlier in the year.

The provision fluctuations during the three months ended September 30, 2020, allocated to:

| ● | owner occupied, non-owner occupied, and commercial and industrial loans are due to an increase in substandard rated credits.

| ● | residential real estate loans are due to an increase in delinquent residential mortgages.

| ● | non-owner occupied loans are due to the increase in specific reserve and subsequent $3.0 million charge-off of the resolved asset purchased at Sheriff’s Sale and booked to OREO for $7.0 million.

TDR describes loans on which the bank has granted concessions for reasons related to the customer’s financial difficulties. Such concessions may include one or more of the following:

| ● | reduction in the interest rate to below-market rates

| ● | extension of repayment requirements beyond normal terms

| ● | reduction of the principal amount owed

| ● | reduction of accrued interest due

| ● | acceptance of other assets in full or partial payment of a debt

In each case, the concession is made due to deterioration in the borrower’s financial condition, and the new terms are less stringent than those required on a new loan with similar risk. See Note 9 of the financial statements for disclosure of COVID-19 loan forbearance programs.

Additionally, on April 7, 2020, federal banking regulators issued a revised interagency statement that included guidance on their approach for the accounting of loan modifications in light of the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The guidance interprets current accounting standards and indicates that a lender can conclude that a borrower is not experiencing financial difficulty if short-term modifications are made in response to COVID-19, such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant related to the loans in which the borrower is less than 30 days past due on its contractual payments at the time a modification program is implemented. The agencies confirmed in working with the staff of the FASB that short-term modifications made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current before any relief are not TDRs (see Note 9).

30

There were no troubled debt restructings for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021. The following tables summarize troubled debt restructurings that did not meet the exemption criteria above (in thousands):

|  | For the Three Months Ended |
|  | September 30, 2020 |
|  | Number of Contracts |  |  | Pre-Modification |  |  | Post-Modification |
Troubled Debt Restructurings |  | Term Modification |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |  |  | Outstanding Recorded Investment |  |  | Outstanding Recorded Investment |
Residential real estate |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 115 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |

|  | For the Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, 2020 |
|  | Number of Contracts |  |  | Pre-Modification |  |  | Post-Modification |
Troubled Debt Restructurings |  | Term Modification |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |  |  | Outstanding Recorded Investment |  |  | Outstanding Recorded Investment |
Residential real estate |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3 |  |  | $ | 156 |  |  | $ | 156 |
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | 119 |

There were no subsequent defaults of troubled debt restructurings for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021.

NOTE 9 – RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

COVID-19 Update

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, or CARES Act, was signed into law on March 27, 2020, and as a qualified SBA lender, we were automatically authorized to originate PPP loans. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, we originated $67.6 million of loans under the PPP and helped customers receive $129.8 million of forgiveness payments under the terms of the program. The balance of PPP loans outstanding on September 30, 2021, approximates $54.2 million.

On December 27, 2020, President Trump signed another COVID-19 relief bill that extended and modified several provisions of the PPP. This included an additional allocation of $284 billion for PPP loans. The SBA reactivated the PPP on January 11, 2021 through May 31, 2021. In the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Middlefield Bank generated and received SBA approval on 683 PPP loans totaling $67.6 million and received $3.0 million in related deferred PPP fees under the 2021 PPP authorization.

Since the opening of the PPP, several larger banks have been subject to litigation regarding the process and procedures that those banks used in processing applications for the PPP. Middlefield Bank may be exposed to the risk of similar litigation, from both customers and non-customers that approached the bank regarding PPP loans, regarding the process and procedures used in processing applications for the PPP. If any such litigation is filed against Middlefield Bank and is not resolved in a manner favorable to Middlefield Bank, it may result in significant financial liability or adversely affect Middlefield Bank’s reputation. In addition, litigation can be costly, regardless of the outcome. Any financial liability, litigation costs, or reputational damage caused by PPP-related litigation could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Middlefield Bank also has credit risk on PPP loans if a determination is made by the SBA that there is a deficiency in the manner in which the loan was originated, funded, or serviced by Middlefield Bank, such as an issue with the eligibility of a borrower to receive a PPP loan, which may or may not be related to the ambiguity in the laws, rules, and guidance regarding the operation of the PPP. In the event of a loss resulting from a default on a PPP loan and a determination by the SBA that there was a deficiency in the manner in which the PPP loan was originated, funded, or serviced by Middlefield Bank, the SBA may deny its liability under the guaranty, reduce the amount of the guaranty, or, if it has already paid under the guaranty, seek recovery of any loss related to the deficiency from Middlefield Bank.

31

As of September 30, 2021, 3 loans aggregating $9.7 million were modified for deferral, compared to 11 loans aggregating $24.5 million on December 31, 2020. Modifications consist of the deferral of principal payments and the extension of the maturity date. Of the loans on deferral as of September 30, 2021, all are interest-only deferrals.

COVID-19 Loan Forbearance Programs. Section 4013 of the CARES Act provides that banks may elect not to categorize a loan modification as a TDR if the loan modification is (1) related to COVID-19; (2) executed on a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019; and (3) executed between March 1, 2020, and the earlier of (A) 60 days after the date on which the national emergency concerning the novel coronavirus disease (COVID–19) outbreak declared by the President on March 13, 2020, under the National Emergencies Act terminates, or (B) December 31, 2020. According to the Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus (Revised) issued by the federal bank regulatory agencies on April 7, 2020, short-term loan modifications not otherwise eligible under Section 4013 that are made on a good faith basis in response to COVID-19 to borrowers who were current before any relief are not TDRs. This includes short-term (e.g., nine months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment that are insignificant. See Note 8 of the financial statements for additional disclosure of TDRs on September 30, 2021.

NOTE 10 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Cannabis Industry

We provide deposit services to customers that are licensed by the State of Ohio to do business in (or are related to) the Medical Marijuana Control Program as growers, processors, and dispensaries. Medical Marijuana businesses are regulated by the Ohio Department of Commerce and legal in the State of Ohio, although it is not legal at the federal level. The U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) published guidelines in 2014 for financial institutions servicing state-legal cannabis business. A financial institution that provides services to cannabis-related businesses can comply with Bank Secrecy Act (“BSA”) disclosure standards by following the FinCEN guidelines. We maintain stringent written policies and procedures related to the acceptance of such businesses and the monitoring and maintenance of such business accounts. We conduct a significant due diligence review of the cannabis business before the business is accepted, including confirmation that the business is properly licensed by the State of Ohio. Throughout the relationship, we continue monitoring the business, including site visits, to ensure that the business continues to meet our stringent requirements, including maintenance of required licenses and periodic financial reviews of the business.

While we believe we are operating in compliance with the FinCEN guidelines, there can be no assurance that federal enforcement guidelines will not change. Federal prosecutors have significant discretion and there can be no assurance that the federal prosecutors will not choose to strictly enforce the federal laws governing cannabis. Any change in the Federal government’s enforcement position could cause us to immediately cease providing banking services to the cannabis industry. We are upfront with our customers regarding the fact that we may have to terminate our relationship if a change occurs with the Federal government’s position and that the termination may come with little or no notice.

September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, deposit balances from cannabis customers were approximately $16.4 million and $11.8 million, or 1.4% and 1.0% of total deposits, respectively.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The information contained or incorporated by reference in this report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements, including certain plans, expectations, goals, and projections, which are subject to numerous assumptions, risks, and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from those contained or implied by such statements for a variety of factors, including changes in economic conditions, movements in interest rates, competitive pressures on product pricing and services, success and timing of business strategies, the nature, extent, and timing of government actions and reforms, and extended disruption of vital infrastructure and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Company could experience further adverse effects on its business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows. While it is impossible to know the impact of COVID-19 on the Company's future operations, the Company is disclosing potentially material items of which it is aware.

All forward-looking statements included in this report on Form 10-Q are based on information available at the time of the report. Middlefield Banc Corp. assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement.

32

CHANGES IN FINANCIAL CONDITION

Overview

The following is management’s discussion and analysis of certain significant factors which have affected the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as reflected in the unaudited consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2021, as compared with December 31, 2020, and operating results for the three and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, and 2020. These comments should be read in conjunction with the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes appearing elsewhere herein.

This discussion contains certain performance measures determined by methods other than under GAAP. Management of the Company uses these non-GAAP measures in its analysis of the Company’s performance. These measures are useful when evaluating the underlying performance and efficiency of the Company’s operations and balance sheet. The Company’s management believes that these non-GAAP measures provide a greater understanding of ongoing operations, enhance comparability of results with prior periods and demonstrate the effects of significant gains and charges in the current period. The Company’s management believes that investors may use these non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate the Company’s financial performance without the impact of unusual items that may obscure trends in the Company’s underlying performance. These disclosures should not be viewed as a substitute for financial measures determined under GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies. Non-GAAP measures include tangible book value per common share, return on average tangible common equity, and pre-tax, pre-provision income. The Company calculates the regulatory capital ratios using current regulatory report instructions. The Company’s management uses these measures to assess the quality of capital and believes that investors may find them useful in their evaluation of the Company. These capital measures may or may not be necessarily comparable to similar capital measures that may be presented by other companies.

2021 Nine Month Financial Highlights (on a year-over-year basis unless noted):

| ● | Net income of $13.8 million, or $2.19 per diluted share driven by record third-quarter earnings of $5.2 million, or a record $0.85 per diluted share

| ● | Net interest margin improved by 23 basis points to 3.79%, compared to 3.56%

| ● | Total noninterest income was up 29.5% to $5.7 million

| ● | Pre-tax, pre-provision(1) income increased 22.0% to $17.7 million

| ● | Return on average assets increased to 1.34% from 0.61%

| ● | Return on average equity increased to 12.58% from 5.48%

| ● | Return on average tangible common equity(1) increased to 14.20% from 6.22%

| ● | The efficiency ratio improved to 56.42%, compared to 58.59%

| ● | Year-to-date net charge-offs declined 96.0% to $125,000

| ● | Middlefield has repurchased 346,103 shares of stock year-to-date, including 165,058 shares repurchased during the 2021 third quarter

| (1) | See reconciliation of non-GAAP measures in following tables

33

(Dollar amounts in thousands, except per share and share amounts, unaudited) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | For the Three Months Ended |  |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | June 30, |  |  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |  |  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Per common share data |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income per common share - basic |  | $ | 0.85 |  |  | $ | 0.70 |  |  | $ | 0.65 |  |  | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 2.20 |  |  | $ | 0.92 |
Net income per common share - diluted |  | $ | 0.85 |  |  | $ | 0.70 |  |  | $ | 0.65 |  |  | $ | 0.39 |  |  | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 2.19 |  |  | $ | 0.92 |
Dividends declared per share |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | 0.48 |  |  | $ | 0.45 |
Book value per share (period end) |  | $ | 24.13 |  |  | $ | 23.50 |  |  | $ | 22.80 |  |  | $ | 22.54 |  |  | $ | 22.27 |  |  | $ | 24.13 |  |  | $ | 22.27 |
Tangible book value per share (period end) (2) (3) |  | $ | 21.39 |  |  | $ | 20.82 |  |  | $ | 20.17 |  |  | $ | 19.91 |  |  | $ | 19.63 |  |  | $ | 21.39 |  |  | $ | 19.63 |
Dividends declared |  | $ | 978 |  |  | $ | 1,004 |  |  | $ | 1,016 |  |  | $ | 957 |  |  | $ | 957 |  |  | $ | 2,998 |  |  | $ | 2,877 |
Dividend yield |  |  | 2.66 | % |  |  | 2.72 | % |  |  | 3.10 | % |  |  | 2.65 | % |  |  | 3.09 | % |  |  | 2.69 | % |  |  | 3.11 | %
Dividend payout ratio |  |  | 18.79 | % |  |  | 22.69 | % |  |  | 24.38 | % |  |  | 38.45 | % |  |  | 51.65 | % |  |  | 21.73 | % |  |  | 49.10 | %
Average shares outstanding - basic |  |  | 6,136,648 |  |  |  | 6,297,071 |  |  |  | 6,364,132 |  |  |  | 6,378,706 |  |  |  | 6,376,291 |  |  |  | 6,265,803 |  |  |  | 6,387,581 |
Average shares outstanding - diluted |  |  | 6,157,181 |  |  |  | 6,312,230 |  |  |  | 6,378,493 |  |  |  | 6,397,681 |  |  |  | 6,385,765 |  |  |  | 6,287,556 |  |  |  | 6,397,674 |
Period ending shares outstanding |  |  | 6,054,083 |  |  |  | 6,215,511 |  |  |  | 6,344,657 |  |  |  | 6,379,323 |  |  |  | 6,378,110 |  |  |  | 6,054,083 |  |  |  | 6,378,110 |
Selected ratios |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Return on average assets |  |  | 1.51 | % |  |  | 1.30 | % |  |  | 1.22 | % |  |  | 0.72 | % |  |  | 0.54 | % |  |  | 1.34 | % |  |  | 0.61 | %
Return on average equity |  |  | 13.95 | % |  |  | 12.10 | % |  |  | 11.65 | % |  |  | 6.76 | % |  |  | 5.11 | % |  |  | 12.58 | % |  |  | 5.48 | %
Return on average tangible common equity (2) (4) |  |  | 15.71 | % |  |  | 13.65 | % |  |  | 13.17 | % |  |  | 7.64 | % |  |  | 5.79 | % |  |  | 14.20 | % |  |  | 6.22 | %
Efficiency (1) |  |  | 54.15 | % |  |  | 57.28 | % |  |  | 57.91 | % |  |  | 59.29 | % |  |  | 51.96 | % |  |  | 56.42 | % |  |  | 58.59 | %
Equity to assets at period end |  |  | 10.69 | % |  |  | 10.74 | % |  |  | 10.42 | % |  |  | 10.33 | % |  |  | 10.41 | % |  |  | 10.69 | % |  |  | 10.41 | %
Noninterest expense to average assets |  |  | 0.58 | % |  |  | 0.58 | % |  |  | 0.60 | % |  |  | 0.57 | % |  |  | 0.52 | % |  |  | 1.76 | % |  |  | 1.70 | %

(1) The efficiency ratio is calculated by dividing noninterest expense less amortization of intangibles by the sum of net interest income on a fully taxable equivalent basis plus noninterest income
(2) See reconciliation of non-GAAP measures below
(3) Calculated by dividing tangible common equity by shares outstanding
(4) Calculated by dividing annualized net income for each period by average tangible common equity

|  | For the Three Months Ended |  |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | June 30, |  |  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |  |  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
Yields |  | 2021 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans receivable (2) |  |  | 4.74 | % |  |  | 4.43 | % |  |  | 4.48 | % |  |  | 4.28 | % |  |  | 4.48 | % |  |  | 4.54 | % |  |  | 4.64 | %
Investment securities (2) |  |  | 3.37 | % |  |  | 3.47 | % |  |  | 3.75 | % |  |  | 3.65 | % |  |  | 3.66 | % |  |  | 3.51 | % |  |  | 3.68 | %
Interest-earning deposits with other banks |  |  | 0.21 | % |  |  | 0.18 | % |  |  | 0.20 | % |  |  | 0.21 | % |  |  | 0.27 | % |  |  | 0.20 | % |  |  | 0.56 | %
Total interest-earning assets |  |  | 4.20 | % |  |  | 4.05 | % |  |  | 4.11 | % |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | 4.23 | % |  |  | 4.12 | % |  |  | 4.38 | %
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing demand deposits |  |  | 0.12 | % |  |  | 0.12 | % |  |  | 0.16 | % |  |  | 0.21 | % |  |  | 0.32 | % |  |  | 0.13 | % |  |  | 0.36 | %
Money market deposits |  |  | 0.46 | % |  |  | 0.46 | % |  |  | 0.47 | % |  |  | 0.53 | % |  |  | 0.70 | % |  |  | 0.47 | % |  |  | 1.00 | %
Savings deposits |  |  | 0.06 | % |  |  | 0.06 | % |  |  | 0.07 | % |  |  | 0.11 | % |  |  | 0.20 | % |  |  | 0.06 | % |  |  | 0.29 | %
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 1.08 | % |  |  | 1.19 | % |  |  | 1.28 | % |  |  | 1.56 | % |  |  | 1.77 | % |  |  | 1.19 | % |  |  | 1.97 | %
Total interest-bearing deposits |  |  | 0.41 | % |  |  | 0.46 | % |  |  | 0.53 | % |  |  | 0.70 | % |  |  | 0.93 | % |  |  | 0.47 | % |  |  | 1.14 | %
Non-Deposit Funding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings |  |  | 1.13 | % |  |  | 1.18 | % |  |  | 1.10 | % |  |  | 0.95 | % |  |  | 0.45 | % |  |  | 1.14 | % |  |  | 0.73 | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 0.42 | % |  |  | 0.47 | % |  |  | 0.54 | % |  |  | 0.71 | % |  |  | 0.91 | % |  |  | 0.48 | % |  |  | 1.12 | %
Cost of deposits |  |  | 0.30 | % |  |  | 0.34 | % |  |  | 0.40 | % |  |  | 0.54 | % |  |  | 0.72 | % |  |  | 0.35 | % |  |  | 0.89 | %
Cost of funds |  |  | 0.31 | % |  |  | 0.35 | % |  |  | 0.41 | % |  |  | 0.55 | % |  |  | 0.71 | % |  |  | 0.35 | % |  |  | 0.88 | %
Net interest margin (1) |  |  | 3.91 | % |  |  | 3.72 | % |  |  | 3.73 | % |  |  | 3.49 | % |  |  | 3.57 | % |  |  | 3.79 | % |  |  | 3.56 | %

(1) Net interest margin represents net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.
(2) Tax-equivalent adjustments to calculate the yield on tax-exempt securities and loans were determined using an effective tax rate of 21%.

34

Reconciliation of Common Stockholders' Equity to Tangible Common Equity |  | For the Three Months Ended |  |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
(Dollar amounts in thousands, unaudited) |  | September 30, |  |  | June 30, |  |  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |  |  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Stockholders' Equity (GAAP) |  | $ | 146,055 |  |  | $ | 146,044 |  |  | $ | 144,670 |  |  | $ | 143,810 |  |  | $ | 142,056 |  |  | $ | 146,055 |  |  | $ | 142,056 |
Less Goodwill and other intangibles |  |  | 16,555 |  |  |  | 16,635 |  |  |  | 16,715 |  |  |  | 16,795 |  |  |  | 16,878 |  |  |  | 16,555 |  |  |  | 16,878 |
Tangible Common Equity (Non-GAAP) |  | $ | 129,500 |  |  | $ | 129,409 |  |  | $ | 127,955 |  |  | $ | 127,015 |  |  | $ | 125,178 |  |  | $ | 129,500 |  |  | $ | 125,178 |
Shares outstanding |  |  | 6,054,083 |  |  |  | 6,215,511 |  |  |  | 6,344,657 |  |  |  | 6,379,323 |  |  |  | 6,378,110 |  |  |  | 6,054,083 |  |  |  | 6,378,110 |
Tangible book value per share (Non-GAAP) |  | $ | 21.39 |  |  | $ | 20.82 |  |  | $ | 20.17 |  |  | $ | 19.91 |  |  | $ | 19.63 |  |  | $ | 21.39 |  |  | $ | 19.63 |

Reconciliation of Average Equity to Return on Average Tangible Common Equity |  | For the Three Months Ended |  |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | June 30, |  |  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |  |  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Average Stockholders' Equity (GAAP) |  | $ | 148,048 |  |  | $ | 146,719 |  |  | $ | 145,065 |  |  | $ | 146,374 |  |  | $ | 144,167 |  |  | $ | 146,611 |  |  | $ | 142,949 |
Less Average Goodwill and other intangibles |  |  | 16,594 |  |  |  | 16,674 |  |  |  | 16,754 |  |  |  | 16,836 |  |  |  | 16,919 |  |  |  | 16,674 |  |  |  | 17,002 |
Average Tangible Common Equity (Non-GAAP) |  | $ | 131,454 |  |  | $ | 130,045 |  |  | $ | 128,311 |  |  | $ | 129,538 |  |  | $ | 127,248 |  |  | $ | 129,937 |  |  | $ | 125,947 |
Net income |  | $ | 5,204 |  |  | $ | 4,425 |  |  | $ | 4,167 |  |  | $ | 2,489 |  |  | $ | 1,853 |  |  | $ | 13,796 |  |  | $ | 5,860 |
Return on average tangible common equity (annualized) (Non-GAAP) |  |  | 15.71 | % |  |  | 13.65 | % |  |  | 13.17 | % |  |  | 7.64 | % |  |  | 5.79 | % |  |  | 14.20 | % |  |  | 6.22 | %

Reconciliation of Pre-Tax Pre-Provision Income (PTPP) |  | For the Three Months Ended |  |  | For the Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | June 30, |  |  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |  |  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
Net income |  | $ | 5,204 |  |  | $ | 4,425 |  |  | $ | 4,167 |  |  | $ | 2,489 |  |  | $ | 1,853 |  |  | $ | 13,796 |  |  | $ | 5,860 |
Add Income Taxes |  |  | 1,174 |  |  |  | 968 |  |  |  | 896 |  |  |  | 467 |  |  |  | 295 |  |  |  | 3,038 |  |  |  | 934 |
Add Provision for loan losses |  |  | - |  |  |  | 200 |  |  |  | 700 |  |  |  | 2,100 |  |  |  | 4,000 |  |  |  | 900 |  |  |  | 7,740 |
PTPP |  | $ | 6,378 |  |  | $ | 5,593 |  |  | $ | 5,763 |  |  | $ | 5,056 |  |  | $ | 6,148 |  |  | $ | 17,734 |  |  | $ | 14,534 |

General. The Company’s total assets ended the September 30, 2021 quarter at $1.37 billion, a decrease of $26.1 million from December 31, 2020. For the same period, cash and cash equivalents increased $19.9 million, or 17.7%, while net loans decreased $94.6 million, or 8.7%, offset by an increase of $48.7 million in investments. Total liabilities decreased $28.4 million or 2.3%, while stockholders’ equity increased $2.2 million, or 1.6%.

Cash and cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents increased $19.9 million to $132.4 million on September 30, 2021, from $112.4 million on December 31, 2020. Deposits from customers into savings and checking accounts, loan and securities repayments, and proceeds from borrowed funds typically increase these accounts. Decreases result from customer withdrawals, new loan originations, security purchases, and repayments of borrowed and brokered funds. Cash remains elevated and can be traced to pandemic-related government stimulus. This resulted in increased deposits, as both retail and commercial customers keep excess funds in liquid deposits accounts. The increase in cash and cash equivalents since December 31, 2020, is due to the forgiveness of PPP loans.

The Company will continue to hold elevated levels of cash and cash equivalents to meet the demands of customers during the economic downturn. The Company monitors cash and cash equivalents daily to ensure adequate liquidity positions are maintained while searching for quality earning assets for excess funds.

Investment securities. Investment securities available for sale on September 30, 2021, totaled $163.1 million, an increase of $48.7 million, or 42.6%, from $114.4 million on December 31, 2020. During this period, the Company recorded repayments, calls, and maturities of $9.5 million and a net unrealized holding loss through AOCI of $853,000. Securities purchased were $59.4 million, and there were no sales of securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The Company recorded $223,000 in gains on equity securities as of September 30, 2021, on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Income and Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The gain on equity securities is the result of fair value marks of the equity securities held during these nine months.

On September 30, 2021, the Company held $32.3 million of subordinated debt in other banks, as compared to $21.3 million on December 31, 2020. The average yield on this portfolio was 4.90% on September 30, 2021, as compared to 5.19% on December 31, 2020.

Periodically, management reviews the entire municipal bond portfolio to assess credit quality. Each security held in this portfolio is assessed on attributes that have historically influenced default incidences in the municipal market, such as sector, security, impairment filing, timeliness of disclosure, external credit assessment(s), credit spread, state, vintage, and underwriter. Municipal bonds compose 73% of the overall portfolio. These investments have historically proven to have extremely low credit risk.

35

Loans receivable. The loans receivable category consists primarily of single-family mortgage loans used to purchase or refinance personal residences located within the Company’s market area, commercial and industrial loans, home equity lines of credit, and commercial real estate loans used to finance properties that are used in the borrowers’ businesses, or to finance investor-owned rental properties, and, to a lesser extent, construction and consumer loans. The portfolio is well dispersed geographically. Net loans receivable decreased $94.6 million, or 8.7%, to $996.0 million as of September 30, 2021. The following table summarizes fluctuation within the primary segments of the loan portfolio (in thousands):

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | $ change |  |  | % change |
Commercial real estate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Owner occupied |  | $ | 110,883 |  |  | $ | 103,121 |  |  | $ | 7,762 |  |  |  | 7.5 | %
Non-owner occupied |  |  | 310,222 |  |  |  | 309,424 |  |  |  | 798 |  |  |  | 0.3 | %
Multifamily |  |  | 30,762 |  |  |  | 39,562 |  |  |  | (8,800 | ) |  |  | -22.2 | %
Residential real estate |  |  | 232,020 |  |  |  | 233,995 |  |  |  | (1,975 | ) |  |  | -0.8 | %
Commercial and industrial |  |  | 163,052 |  |  |  | 232,044 |  |  |  | (68,992 | ) |  |  | -29.7 | %
Home equity lines of credit |  |  | 105,450 |  |  |  | 112,543 |  |  |  | (7,093 | ) |  |  | -6.3 | %
Construction and Other |  |  | 49,378 |  |  |  | 63,573 |  |  |  | (14,195 | ) |  |  | -22.3 | %
Consumer installment |  |  | 8,515 |  |  |  | 9,823 |  |  |  | (1,308 | ) |  |  | -13.3 | %
Total loans |  | $ | 1,010,282 |  |  | $ | 1,104,085 |  |  | $ | (93,803 | ) |  |  | -8.5 | %

The decrease in the commercial and industrial portfolio includes the forgiveness of PPP loans of $129.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The Company expects muted loan growth through the remainder of the year as a result of excess liquidity throughout the economy.

The Company’s Mortgage Banking operation generates loans for sale to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”). Loans held for sale on September 30, 2021 totaled $676,000, a decrease of $202,000, or 23.0%, from December 31, 2020. This decrease is the result of decreased activity due to fewer refinance opportunities. The Company recorded proceeds from the sale of $31.6 million of these loans for $1.1 million in gains on the sale of loans as of September 30, 2021, on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.

The federal banking regulators have issued guidance for those institutions which are deemed to have concentrations in commercial real estate lending. According to the supervisory criteria contained in the guidance for identifying institutions with a potential commercial real estate concentration risk, institutions that have (1) total reported loans for construction, land development, and other land acquisitions which represent 100% or more of an institution’s total risk-based capital; or (2) total commercial real estate loans representing 300% or more of the institution’s total risk-based capital and the institution’s commercial real estate loan portfolio has increased 50% or more during the prior 36 months are identified as having potential commercial real estate concentration risk. Institutions that are deemed to have concentrations in commercial real estate lending are expected to employ heightened levels of risk management concerning their commercial real estate portfolios and may be required to hold higher levels of capital. The Company, like many community banks, has a concentration in commercial real estate loans, and the Company has experienced growth in its commercial real estate portfolio in recent years. On September 30, 2021, non-owner-occupied commercial real estate loans (including construction, land, and land development loans) represent 270.3% of total risk-based capital. Construction, land, and land development loans represent 32.6% of total risk-based capital. Management has extensive experience in commercial real estate lending, and has implemented and continues to maintain heightened risk management procedures and strong underwriting criteria for its commercial real estate portfolio. Loan monitoring practices include but are not limited to periodic stress testing analysis to evaluate changes to cash flows, owing to interest rate increases and declines in net operating income. Nevertheless, we may be required to maintain higher levels of capital as a result of our commercial real estate concentrations, which could require us to obtain additional capital, and may adversely affect shareholder returns. The Company has an extensive capital planning policy, which includes pro forma projections including stress testing within which the Board of Directors has established internal minimum targets for regulatory capital ratios that are more than well-capitalized ratios.

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The Company monitors daily fluctuations in unused commitments as a means of identifying potentially material drawdowns on existing lines of credit. On September 30, 2021, unused line of credit commitments increased $13.9 million, or 4.2%, from December 31, 2020.

Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and Asset Quality. The allowance for loan and lease losses increased $775,000, or 5.8%, to $14.2 million on September 30, 2021, from $13.5 million on December 31, 2020. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, net loan recoveries totaled $34,000, or 0.01% of average loans, annualized, compared to net charge-offs of $2.9 million, or 1.01% of average loans, annualized, for the same period in 2020. No provision was needed during the three months ended September 30, 2021, to maintain the allowance for loan and lease losses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net loan charge-offs totaled $125,000, or 0.02% of average loans, annualized, compared to net charge-offs of $3.1 million, or 0.39% of average loans, annualized, for the same period in 2020. To maintain the allowance for loan and lease losses, the Company recorded a provision for loan loss of $900,000 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The ratio of the allowance for loan and lease losses to nonperforming loans was 209.1% for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to 169.8% for the same period in the prior year. This is due to the allowance being adjusted to address the economic slowdown since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the decrease in the PPP loans increased the reserve percentage because these loans had low reserve.

Management analyzes the adequacy of the allowance for loan and lease losses regularly through reviews of the performance of the loan portfolio considering economic conditions, changes in interest rates and the effect of such changes on real estate values, and changes in the amount and composition of the loan portfolio. The allowance for loan and lease losses is a significant estimate that is particularly susceptible to changes in the near term. Management’s analysis includes a review of all loans designated as impaired, historical loan loss experience, the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, economic conditions, current interest rates, trends in the borrower’s industry, and other factors that management believes warrant recognition in providing for an appropriate allowance for loan and lease losses. Future additions or reductions to the allowance for loan and lease losses will be dependent on these factors. Additionally, the Company uses an outside party to conduct an independent review of commercial and commercial real estate loans that is designed to validate management conclusions of risk ratings and the appropriateness of the allowance allocated to these loans. The Company uses the results of this review to help determine the effectiveness of policies and procedures and to assess the adequacy of the allowance for loan and lease losses allocated to these types of loans. Management believes the allowance for loan and lease losses is appropriately stated on September 30, 2021. Based on the variables involved and management’s judgments about uncertain outcomes, the determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses is considered a critical accounting policy.

Goodwill. The carrying value of goodwill was $15.1 million on September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020. The Company performs a periodic quantitative analysis of goodwill using multiple approaches. The primary methodology is the discounted cash flow approach, while also considering a market approach of comparing to multiples of similar public companies as well as market price with control premiums.

Each of the valuation methods used by the Company requires significant assumptions. Depending on the specific method, assumptions are made regarding growth rates, discount rates for cash flows, control premiums, and selected multiples. Changes to any of the assumptions could result in significantly different results. Based on the most recent analysis performed as of March 31, 2020, the Company determined that goodwill was not impaired. The Company also performed a qualitative assessment of goodwill as of September 30, 2021, with no resulting goodwill impairment.

Nonperforming assets. Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans, loans 90 days or more past due, other real estate owned, and repossessed assets. Real estate owned is written down to fair value at its initial recording and continually monitored for changes in fair value. A loan is classified as nonaccrual when, in the opinion of management, there are serious doubts about the collectability of interest and principal. Accrual of interest is discontinued on a loan when management believes, after considering economic and business conditions, the borrower’s financial condition is such that collection of principal and interest is doubtful. Payments received on nonaccrual loans are applied against the principal until doubt about collectability ceases.

37

|  | Asset Quality History |
(Dollar amounts in thousands) |  | September 30, 2021 |  |  | June 30, 2021 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |  |  | September 30, 2020 |
Nonperforming loans |  | $ | 6,806 |  |  | $ | 7,760 |  |  | $ | 8,958 |  |  | $ | 7,858 |  |  | $ | 6,690 |
Other real estate owned |  |  | 7,090 |  |  |  | 7,090 |  |  |  | 7,372 |  |  |  | 7,387 |  |  |  | 7,391 |
Nonperforming assets |  | $ | 13,896 |  |  | $ | 14,850 |  |  | $ | 16,330 |  |  | $ | 15,245 |  |  | $ | 14,081 |
Allowance for loan and lease losses |  |  | 14,234 |  |  |  | 14,200 |  |  |  | 14,122 |  |  |  | 13,459 |  |  |  | 11,359 |
Ratios: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Nonperforming loans to total loans |  |  | 0.67 | % |  |  | 0.73 | % |  |  | 0.81 | % |  |  | 0.71 | % |  |  | 0.59 | %
Nonperforming assets to total assets |  |  | 1.02 | % |  |  | 1.09 | % |  |  | 1.18 | % |  |  | 1.10 | % |  |  | 1.03 | %
Allowance for loan and lease losses to total loans |  |  | 1.41 | % |  |  | 1.34 | % |  |  | 1.28 | % |  |  | 1.22 | % |  |  | 1.01 | %
Allowance for loan and lease losses to nonperforming loans |  |  | 209.14 | % |  |  | 182.99 | % |  |  | 157.65 | % |  |  | 171.28 | % |  |  | 169.79 | %

Nonperforming loans exclude TDRs that are performing under their terms over a prescribed period. TDRs are those loans which the Company, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, grants a concession to the borrower that the Company would not otherwise consider. The Company has 27 TDRs accruing interest with a balance of $2.4 million as of September 30, 2021. A TDR that yields a market interest rate at the time of restructuring and is in compliance with its modified terms is no longer reported as a TDR in calendar years after the year in which the restructuring took place. To comply with its modified terms, a loan that is a TDR must not be in nonaccrual status and must be current or less than 30 days past due on its contractual principal and interest payments under the modified repayment terms. Nonperforming loans secured by real estate totaled $6.4 million as of September 30, 2021, from $7.2 million on December 31, 2020.

A major factor in determining the appropriateness of the allowance for loan and lease losses is the type of collateral that secures the loans. Of the total nonperforming loans on September 30, 2021, 94.5% were secured by real estate. Although this does not insure against all losses, real estate typically provides for at least partial recovery, even in a distressed-sale and declining-value environment. The Company’s objective is to minimize the future loss exposure of the Company.

The allowance for loan and lease losses to total loans ratio increased from 1.22% as of December 31, 2020, to 1.41% as of September 30, 2021.

Deposits. The Company considers various sources when evaluating funding needs, including but not limited to deposits, which are a significant source of funds, totaling $1.20 billion or 98.9% of the Company’s total average funding sources at September 30, 2021. Total deposits decreased $24.6 million on September 30, 2021, from $1.23 billion on December 31, 2020. The following table summarizes fluctuation within the primary segments of the deposit portfolio (in thousands):

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |  |  | $ Change |  |  | % Change |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand |  | $ | 316,770 |  |  | $ | 291,347 |  |  | $ | 25,423 |  |  |  | 8.7 | %
Interest-bearing demand |  |  | 237,576 |  |  |  | 195,722 |  |  |  | 41,854 |  |  |  | 21.4 | %
Money market |  |  | 178,423 |  |  |  | 198,493 |  |  |  | (20,070 | ) |  |  | -10.1 | %
Savings |  |  | 256,114 |  |  |  | 243,888 |  |  |  | 12,226 |  |  |  | 5.0 | %
Time |  |  | 211,674 |  |  |  | 295,750 |  |  |  | (84,076 | ) |  |  | -28.4 | %
Total deposits |  |  | 1,200,557 |  |  |  | 1,225,200 |  |  |  | (24,643 | ) |  |  | -2.0 | %

The Company has experienced an outflow of maturing time deposits to other products due to the current low-interest-rate environment. The Company uses certain non-core funding instruments to grow the balance sheet and maintain liquidity. These deposits, either from a broker or a listing service, were $15.4 million on September 30, 2021, as compared to $66.9 million on December 31, 2020.

Borrowed funds. The Company uses short-term and long-term borrowings as another source of funding for asset growth and liquidity needs. These borrowings primarily include advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati (the “FHLB”), subordinated debt, short-term borrowings from other banks, and federal funds purchased. Other borrowings decreased $4.1 million, or 23.9%, to $13.0 million as of September 30, 2021, from $17.0 million as of December 31, 2020.

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Stockholders’ equity. Stockholders’ equity increased $2.2 million, or 1.6%, to $146.0 million at September 30, 2021 from $143.8 million at December 31, 2020. This increase was mostly the result of an increase in retained earnings of $10.8 million, net of a decrease in AOCI of $674,000, and an increase in treasury stock of $8.1 million. The change in retained earnings is due to the year-to-date net income offset by dividends paid, the change in AOCI is due to fair value adjustments of available-for-sale securities, and the change in treasury stock is due to the Company repurchasing 346,103 of its outstanding shares during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

General. Net income for the three months ended September 30, 2021, was $5.2 million, a $3.4 million, or 180.8%, increase from the amount earned during the same period in 2020. Diluted earnings per share for the quarter increased to $0.85, compared to $0.29 from the same period in 2020. Net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, was $13.8 million, a $7.9 million, or 135.4%, increase from the amount earned during the same period in 2020. Diluted earnings per share for these nine months increased to $2.19, compared to $0.92 from the same period in 2020.

The Company’s annualized return on average assets (“ROA”) and return on average equity (“ROE”) for the quarter were 1.51% and 13.95%, respectively, compared with 0.54% and 5.11% for the same period in 2020. The Company’s ROA and ROE for the nine months were 1.34% and 12.58%, respectively, compared with 0.61% and 5.48% for the same period in 2020.

Net interest income. Net interest income, the primary source of revenue for the Company, is determined by the interest rate spread, which is defined as the difference between income on earning assets and the cost of funds supporting those assets, and the relative amounts of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Management periodically adjusts the mix of assets and liabilities, as well as the rates earned or paid on those assets and liabilities, to manage and improve net interest income. The level of interest rates and changes in the amount and composition of interest-earning assets and liabilities affect the Company’s net interest income. Management’s goal is to maintain a balance between steady net interest income growth and the risks associated with interest rate fluctuations.

Net interest income for the three months ended September 30, 2021, totaled $12.5 million, an increase of 10.0% from that reported in the comparable period of 2020. The net interest margin was 3.91% for the third quarter of 2021, an increase from the 3.57% reported for the same quarter of 2020. The increase in the net interest margin is attributable to a decrease in the average balance of certificates of deposit of $131.7 million, an increase in the average balance of investments of $42.7 million, an increase of 26 basis points in the yield on loans, and a decrease of 69 basis points on the yield on certificates of deposit. These are partially offset by a decrease in the average loan balance of $93.8 million.

Net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, totaled $36.3 million, an increase of 13.0% from that reported in the comparable period of 2020. The net interest margin was 3.79% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, an increase from the 3.56% reported for the same period of 2020. The increase in the net interest margin is attributable to a decrease in yield on certificates of deposits and money market deposits of 78 and 53 basis points, respectively, as well as a decrease in the average balance of certificates of deposits of $117.5 million. These are partially offset by a decrease in the loan yield of 10 basis points.

The Company’s net interest margin is subject to fluctuation as a result of PPP loan forgiveness. As the Company is in an asset-sensitive position, reductions in market interest rates harm margin as the Company’s interest-earning assets reprice faster than its interest-bearing liabilities. Much of our asset sensitivity is due to commercial loans that have variable interest rates. Both loan types have floor rates. The benefit of these floors is more evident if the Federal Reserve maintains short-term interest rates at current levels.

Interest and dividend income. Interest and dividend income decreased $60,000, or 0.4%, for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year. This is attributable to a decrease in interest and fees on loans of $345,000 and is partially offset by an increase in taxable interest on investment securities of $212,000. Net interest earned on securities increased by $267,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2021, when compared to the same period in the prior year. The average balance of investment securities increased $42.7 million, or 38.2%, while the 3.37% yield on the investment portfolio decreased by 29 basis points, from 3.66%, for the same period in the prior year. The decrease in the average loan balance for the three months ended September 30, 2021, is due in part to the forgiveness of PPP loans, from which the related gross deferred fee income was $1.3 million.

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Interest and dividend income decreased $146,000, or 0.4%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year. This is attributable to a decrease in interest and fees on loans of $652,000, partially offset by an increase in taxable interest on investment securities of $629,000. Net interest earned on securities increased by $581,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, when compared to the same period in the prior year. The average balance of investment securities increased $27.0 million, or 24.9%, while the 3.51% yield on the investment portfolio decreased by 17 basis points, from 3.68%, for the same period in the prior year. The change in the average loan balance for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, is due in part to the issuance of PPP loans, from which the related gross deferred fee income was $3.6 million.

Interest expense. Interest expense decreased by $1.2 million, or 55.7%, for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year. This decrease is attributable to a decrease in the average balance of certificates of deposits of $131.7 million, or 37.6%. This decrease is further attributable to decreases of 69, 24, and 20 basis points in certificates of deposit, money markets, and interest-bearing demand deposits, respectively.

Interest expense decreased by $4.3 million, or 57.0%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the same period in the prior year. This decrease is attributable to a decrease in the average balance of certificates of deposits of $117.5 million, or 32.8%. This decrease is further attributable to decreases of 78, 53, 23, and 23 basis points in certificates of deposit, money markets, savings, and interest-bearing demand deposits, respectively.

The changes in costs were due to decreasing interest rates on deposit products in response to the unprecedented reduction in the targeted federal funds interest rate, as well as other continuing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Provision for loan losses. The provision for loan losses represents the charge to income necessary to adjust the allowance for loan and lease losses to an amount that represents management’s assessment of the estimated probable incurred credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Each quarter, management reviews estimated probable incurred credit losses in the loan portfolio. Based on this review, no provision was recorded for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, a decrease of $4.0 million from the quarter ended September 30, 2020. While the prior period provision was mostly attributable to the pandemic, the lack of provision for this quarter was impacted by credit quality and low loan growth.

A provision for loan losses of $900,000 was recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, a decrease of $6.8 million from the same period in 2020. While the prior period provision was mostly attributable to the pandemic, the provision for this period was impacted by credit quality and low loan growth.

The ALLL to total loans for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, was 1.41%, compared to 1.01% during the same period in the prior year. The Company remains confident in its conservative and disciplined approach to credit and risk management.

With the passage of the PPP, administered by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”), the Company has actively participated in assisting its customers with applications for resources through the program. On September 30, 2021, the Company carried $54.2 million of PPP loans classified as C&I loans for reporting purposes. Loans funded through the PPP program are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government. This guarantee exists at the inception of the loans and throughout the lives of the loans and was not entered into separately and apart from the loans. ASC 326 requires credit enhancements that mitigate credit losses, such as the U.S. government guarantee on PPP loans, to be considered in estimating credit losses. The guarantee is considered “embedded” and, therefore, is considered when estimating credit loss on the PPP loans. Although the loans are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government and absent any specific loss information about any of our PPP loans, the Company does provide a $217,000 qualitative provision for loan losses on its PPP loans on September 30, 2021.

Noninterest income. Noninterest income increased by $10,000, or 0.55%, for the three months ended September 30, 2021, over the comparable 2020 period. This increase was the result of an increase in service charges on deposit accounts of $185,000, or 26.8%, which is partially due to cash management fees relating to cannabis-related business. The increase is also the result of an increase of a $130,000 gain on equity securities. These increases are offset by a decrease of $351,000 in gain on loan sales, resulting from the decrease in demand for residential refinances.

Noninterest income increased $1.3 million, or 29.5%, during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, over the comparable 2020 period. This increase was the result of increases in service charges on deposit accounts and earnings on bank-owned life insurance of $709,000, or 39.2%, and $119,000, or 37.1%, respectively. There was also an increase in gain on equity securities of $380,000. The increase in service charges is due to cash management fees on cannabis-related business accounts and the increase in earnings on bank-owned life insurance is due to a payout on a claim.

Noninterest expense. Noninterest expense of $7.9 million for the third quarter of 2021 was 13.0%, or $916,000, higher than the third quarter of 2020. Salaries and employee benefits increased $1.0 million, or 29.1%, and gain on other real estate owned increased $234,000, partially offset by a decrease in professional fees of $153,000, or 52.9%. The salary increase is mostly due to an increase in profit sharing expense, recognition of deferred PPP costs, and a restricted stock expense. The change in gains on other real estate owned was the result of an aggregate loss in the previous year. The decrease in consulting fees results from lower legal and consulting fees relative to the same period in the previous year.

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Noninterest expense of $24.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, was 10.3%, or $2.3 million, higher than the same period in 2020. Salaries and employee benefits increased $1.9 million, or 16.7%, and gain on other real estate owned increased $334,000, partially offset by a decrease in professional fees of $129,000, or 12.8%. The salary increase is mostly due to an increase in profit sharing expense, recognition of deferred PPP costs, and a restricted stock expense. The change in gains on other real estate owned was the result of an aggregate loss in the previous year. The decrease in consulting fees results from lower legal and consulting fees relative to the same period in the previous year.

Provision for income taxes. The Company recognized $1.2 million in income tax expense, which reflected an effective tax rate of 18.4% for the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to $295,000 with an effective tax rate of 13.7% for the comparable 2020 period. The Company recognized $3.0 million in income tax expense, which reflected an effective tax rate of 18.0% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to $934,000 with an effective tax rate of 13.7% for the comparable 2020 period. The increase in the effective tax rate is due to the increase in taxable income.

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Average Balance Sheet and Yield/Rate Analysis. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, information concerning the total dollar amounts of interest income from interest-earning assets and the resultant average yields, the total dollar amounts of interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities and the resultant average costs, net interest income, interest rate spread and the net interest margin earned on average interest-earning assets. For purposes of this table, average balances are calculated using monthly averages and the average loan balances include nonaccrual loans and exclude the allowance for loan and lease losses, and interest income includes accretion of net deferred loan fees. Yields on tax-exempt securities and loans (tax-exempt for federal income tax purposes) are shown on a fully tax-equivalent basis utilizing a federal tax rate of 21%. Yields and rates have been calculated on an annualized basis utilizing monthly interest amounts.

|  | For the Three Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | Average |  |  |  |  |  |  | Average |  |  | Average |  |  |  |  |  |  | Average |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Balance |  |  | Interest |  |  | Yield/Cost |  |  | Balance |  |  | Interest |  |  | Yield/Cost |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans receivable (3) |  | $ | 1,027,935 |  |  | $ | 12,258 |  |  |  | 4.74 | % |  | $ | 1,121,763 |  |  | $ | 12,603 |  |  |  | 4.48 | %
Investment securities (3) |  |  | 154,718 |  |  |  | 1,134 |  |  |  | 3.37 | % |  |  | 111,994 |  |  |  | 867 |  |  |  | 3.66 | %
Interest-earning deposits with other banks (4) |  |  | 105,910 |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | 0.21 | % |  |  | 53,826 |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | 0.27 | %
Total interest-earning assets |  |  | 1,288,563 |  |  |  | 13,447 |  |  |  | 4.20 | % |  |  | 1,287,583 |  |  |  | 13,507 |  |  |  | 4.23 | %
Noninterest-earning assets |  |  | 82,952 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 66,836 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,371,515 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,354,419 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing demand deposits |  | $ | 225,264 |  |  | $ | 67 |  |  |  | 0.12 | % |  | $ | 149,048 |  |  | $ | 120 |  |  |  | 0.32 | %
Money market deposits |  |  | 182,831 |  |  |  | 214 |  |  |  | 0.46 | % |  |  | 176,136 |  |  |  | 312 |  |  |  | 0.70 | %
Savings deposits |  |  | 253,960 |  |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 0.06 | % |  |  | 223,507 |  |  |  | 113 |  |  |  | 0.20 | %
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 218,323 |  |  |  | 596 |  |  |  | 1.08 | % |  |  | 349,981 |  |  |  | 1,561 |  |  |  | 1.77 | %
Short-term borrowings |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 0.00 | % |  |  | 19,740 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 0.28 | %
Other borrowings |  |  | 12,999 |  |  |  | 37 |  |  |  | 1.13 | % |  |  | 17,130 |  |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | 0.65 | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 893,377 |  |  |  | 952 |  |  |  | 0.42 | % |  |  | 935,542 |  |  |  | 2,148 |  |  |  | 0.91 | %
Noninterest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits |  |  | 323,726 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 270,868 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities |  |  | 6,364 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,756 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity |  |  | 148,048 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 146,253 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 1,371,515 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,354,419 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,495 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 11,359 |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate spread (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.78 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.32 | %
Net interest margin (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.91 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.57 | %
Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 144.24 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 137.63 | %

(1) Interest rate spread represents the difference between the average yield on interest-earning assets and the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.
(2) Net interest margin represents net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.
(3) Tax-equivalent adjustments to calculate the yield on tax-exempt securities and loans were $195 and $186 for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(4) Includes dividends received on restricted stock.

42

Analysis of Changes in Net Interest Income. The following table analyzes the changes in interest income and interest expense, between the three-month periods ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, in terms of (1) changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and (2) changes in yields and rates. The table reflects the extent to which changes in the Company’s interest income and interest expense are attributable to changes in rate (change in rate multiplied by prior period volume), changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior period rate), and changes attributable to the combined impact of volume/rate (change in rate multiplied by the change in volume). The changes attributable to the combined impact of volume/rate are allocated consistently between the volume and rate variances.

|  | 2021 versus 2020 |
|  | Increase (decrease) due to |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Volume |  |  | Rate |  |  | Total |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans receivable |  | $ | (1,060 | ) |  | $ | 715 |  |  | $ | (345 | )
Investment securities |  |  | 394 |  |  |  | (127 | ) |  |  | 267 |
Interest-earning deposits with other banks |  |  | 35 |  |  |  | (17 | ) |  |  | 18 |
Total interest-earning assets |  |  | (631 | ) |  |  | 571 |  |  |  | (60 | )
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing demand deposits |  |  | 61 |  |  |  | (114 | ) |  |  | (53 | )
Money market deposits |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | (110 | ) |  |  | (98 | )
Savings deposits |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | (90 | ) |  |  | (75 | )
Certificates of deposit |  |  | (587 | ) |  |  | (378 | ) |  |  | (965 | )
Short-term borrowings |  |  | (14 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (14 | )
Other borrowings |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 9 |
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | (520 | ) |  |  | (676 | ) |  |  | (1,196 | )
Net interest income |  | $ | (111 | ) |  | $ | 1,247 |  |  | $ | 1,136 |

43

Average Balance Sheet and Yield/Rate Analysis. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, information concerning the total dollar amounts of interest income from interest-earning assets and the resultant average yields, the total dollar amounts of interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities and the resultant average costs, net interest income, interest rate spread and the net interest margin earned on average interest-earning assets. For purposes of this table, average balances are calculated using monthly averages and the average loan balances include nonaccrual loans and exclude the allowance for loan and lease losses, and interest income includes accretion of net deferred loan fees. Yields on tax-exempt securities and loans (tax-exempt for federal income tax purposes) are shown on a fully tax-equivalent basis utilizing a federal tax rate of 21%. Yields and rates have been calculated on an annualized basis utilizing monthly interest amounts.

|  | For the Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2021 |  |  | 2020 |
|  | Average |  |  |  |  |  |  | Average |  |  | Average |  |  |  |  |  |  | Average |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Balance |  |  | Interest |  |  | Yield/Cost |  |  | Balance |  |  | Interest |  |  | Yield/Cost |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans receivable (3) |  | $ | 1,070,058 |  |  | $ | 36,310 |  |  |  | 4.54 | % |  | $ | 1,065,964 |  |  | $ | 36,962 |  |  |  | 4.64 | %
Investment securities (3) |  |  | 135,522 |  |  |  | 3,074 |  |  |  | 3.51 | % |  |  | 108,551 |  |  |  | 2,493 |  |  |  | 3.68 | %
Interest-earning deposits with other banks (4) |  |  | 94,955 |  |  |  | 141 |  |  |  | 0.20 | % |  |  | 51,361 |  |  |  | 216 |  |  |  | 0.56 | %
Total interest-earning assets |  |  | 1,300,535 |  |  |  | 39,525 |  |  |  | 4.12 | % |  |  | 1,225,876 |  |  |  | 39,671 |  |  |  | 4.38 | %
Noninterest-earning assets |  |  | 74,883 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 64,938 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 1,375,418 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,290,814 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing demand deposits |  | $ | 211,797 |  |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | 0.13 | % |  | $ | 130,886 |  |  | $ | 349 |  |  |  | 0.36 | %
Money market deposits |  |  | 187,945 |  |  |  | 655 |  |  |  | 0.47 | % |  |  | 166,193 |  |  |  | 1,246 |  |  |  | 1.00 | %
Savings deposits |  |  | 254,574 |  |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | 0.06 | % |  |  | 201,871 |  |  |  | 443 |  |  |  | 0.29 | %
Certificates of deposit |  |  | 240,582 |  |  |  | 2,143 |  |  |  | 1.19 | % |  |  | 358,048 |  |  |  | 5,269 |  |  |  | 1.97 | %
Short-term borrowings |  |  | 113 |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | - |  |  |  | 30,174 |  |  |  | 81 |  |  |  | 0.36 | %
Other borrowings |  |  | 13,440 |  |  |  | 115 |  |  |  | 1.14 | % |  |  | 15,149 |  |  |  | 166 |  |  |  | 1.46 | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | 908,451 |  |  |  | 3,245 |  |  |  | 0.48 | % |  |  | 902,321 |  |  |  | 7,554 |  |  |  | 1.12 | %
Noninterest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits |  |  | 314,172 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 242,951 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities |  |  | 6,184 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,593 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity |  |  | 146,611 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 142,949 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 1,375,418 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,290,814 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 36,280 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 32,117 |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate spread (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.64 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.26 | %
Net interest margin (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.79 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3.56 | %
Ratio of average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 143.16 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 135.86 | %

(1) Interest rate spread represents the difference between the average yield on interest-earning assets and the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.
(2) Net interest margin represents net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.
(3) Tax-equivalent adjustments to calculate the yield on tax-exempt securities and loans were $542 and $565 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
(4) Includes dividends received on restricted stock.

44

Analysis of Changes in Net Interest Income. The following table analyzes the changes in interest income and interest expense, between the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2021, and 2020, in terms of (1) changes in the volume of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and (2) changes in yields and rates. The table reflects the extent to which changes in the Company’s interest income and interest expense are attributable to changes in rate (change in rate multiplied by prior period volume), changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior period rate), and changes attributable to the combined impact of volume/rate (change in rate multiplied by the change in volume). The changes attributable to the combined impact of volume/rate are allocated consistently between the volume and rate variances.

|  | 2021 versus 2020 |
|  | Increase (decrease) due to |
(Dollars in thousands) |  | Volume |  |  | Rate |  |  | Total |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans receivable |  | $ | 142 |  |  | $ | (794 | ) |  | $ | (652 | )
Investment securities |  |  | 742 |  |  |  | (161 | ) |  |  | 581 |
Interest-earning deposits with other banks |  |  | 183 |  |  |  | (258 | ) |  |  | (75 | )
Total interest-earning assets |  |  | 1,067 |  |  |  | (1,213 | ) |  |  | (146 | )
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing demand deposits |  |  | 218 |  |  |  | (358 | ) |  |  | (140 | )
Money market deposits |  |  | 163 |  |  |  | (754 | ) |  |  | (591 | )
Savings deposits |  |  | 114 |  |  |  | (434 | ) |  |  | (320 | )
Certificates of deposit |  |  | (1,731 | ) |  |  | (1,395 | ) |  |  | (3,126 | )
Short-term borrowings |  |  | (81 | ) |  |  | - |  |  |  | (81 | )
Other borrowings |  |  | (19 | ) |  |  | (32 | ) |  |  | (51 | )
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  |  | (1,336 | ) |  |  | (2,973 | ) |  |  | (4,309 | )
Net interest income |  | $ | 2,403 |  |  | $ | 1,760 |  |  | $ | 4,163 |

45

LIQUIDITY

Management's objective in managing liquidity is maintaining the ability to continue meeting the cash flow needs of banking customers, such as borrowings or deposit withdrawals, as well as the Company’s financial commitments. The principal sources of liquidity are net income, loan payments, maturing and principal reductions on securities and sales of securities available for sale, federal funds sold, and cash and deposits with banks. The Company offers a line of retail deposit products created to align with customer expectations while expanding the Company’s core funding base. Along with its liquid assets, the Company has additional sources of liquidity available to ensure that adequate funds are available as needed. These include, but are not limited to, the purchase of federal funds, the ability to borrow funds under line of credit agreements with correspondent banks and a borrowing agreement with the FHLB, and the adjustment of interest rates to obtain depositors. Management believes the Company has the capital adequacy, profitability, and reputation to meet the current and projected needs of its customers.

On September 30, 2021, the additional borrowing capacity at the FHLB was $424.6 million, as compared to $401.7 million on December 31, 2020. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, wholesale funding decreased by $51.6 million. The Company also has the option of borrowing from the Federal Reserve discount window with any assets not currently pledged elsewhere. Management believes that the combination of high levels of potentially liquid assets, cash flows from operations, and additional borrowing capacity provided Middlefield Bank with strong liquidity as of September 30, 2021. Although the Company currently exhibits strong liquidity, management will continue to monitor liquidity in future periods to look for signs of stress resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities consisted mainly of depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment and software, the provision for loan losses, net amortization of securities, earnings on bank-owned life insurance, accretion of net deferred loan fees, and net changes in other assets and liabilities. For a more detailed illustration of sources and uses of cash, refer to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

INFLATION

Substantially all of the Company's assets and liabilities relate to banking activities and are monetary. The consolidated financial statements and related financial data are presented following GAAP. GAAP currently requires the Company to measure the financial position and results of operations in terms of historical dollars, except securities available for sale, impaired loans, and other real estate loans that are measured at fair value. Changes in the value of money due to rising inflation can cause purchasing power loss.

Management's opinion is that movements in interest rates affect the financial condition and results of operations to a greater degree than changes in the rate of inflation. It should be noted that interest rates and inflation do affect each other, but do not always move in correlation with each other. The Company's ability to match the interest sensitivity of its financial assets to the interest sensitivity of its liabilities in its asset/liability management may tend to minimize the effect of changes in interest rates on the Company's performance.

REGULATORY MATTERS

The Company is subject to the regulatory requirements of the Federal Reserve System as a bank holding company. The bank subsidiary is subject to regulations of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) and the Ohio Division of Financial Institutions.

The Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC have extensive authority to prevent and remedy unsafe and unsound practices and violations of applicable laws and regulations by institutions and holding companies. The agencies may assess civil money penalties, issue cease-and-desist or removal orders, seek injunctions, and publicly disclose those actions. In addition, the Ohio Division of Financial Institutions possesses enforcement powers to address violations of Ohio banking law by Ohio-chartered banks.

REGULATORY CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS

Financial institution regulators have established guidelines for minimum capital ratios for banks, thrifts, and bank and thrift holding companies. The net unrealized gain or loss on available-for-sale securities is generally not included in computing regulatory capital. To avoid limitations on capital distributions, including dividend payments, Middlefield Bank and the Company must each hold a capital conservation buffer above the adequately capitalized risk-based capital ratios. Within the tabular presentation that follows is the adequately capitalized ratio plus a 2.50% capital conservation buffer.

46

Middlefield Bank and the Company met each of the well-capitalized ratio guidelines on September 30, 2021. The following table indicates the capital ratios for Middlefield Bank and the Company on September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020.

|  | As of September 30, 2021 |
|  | Leverage |  |  | Tier 1 Risk Based |  |  | Common Equity Tier 1 |  |  | Total Risk Based |
The Middlefield Banking Company |  |  | 9.69 | % |  |  | 12.31 | % |  |  | 12.31 | % |  |  | 13.56 | %
Middlefield Banc Corp. |  |  | 9.94 | % |  |  | 12.63 | % |  |  | 11.87 | % |  |  | 13.88 | %
Adequately capitalized ratio |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | 6.00 | % |  |  | 4.50 | % |  |  | 8.00 | %
Adequately capitalized ratio plus fully phased-in capital conservation buffer |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | 8.50 | % |  |  | 7.00 | % |  |  | 10.50 | %
Well-capitalized ratio (Bank only) |  |  | 5.00 | % |  |  | 8.00 | % |  |  | 6.50 | % |  |  | 10.00 | %

|  | As of December 31, 2020 |
|  | Leverage |  |  | Tier 1 Risk Based |  |  | Common Equity Tier 1 |  |  | Total Risk Based |
The Middlefield Banking Company |  |  | 9.45 | % |  |  | 11.47 | % |  |  | 11.47 | % |  |  | 12.68 | %
Middlefield Banc Corp. |  |  | 10.22 | % |  |  | 11.68 | % |  |  | 10.96 | % |  |  | 12.88 | %
Adequately capitalized ratio |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | 6.00 | % |  |  | 4.50 | % |  |  | 8.00 | %
Adequately capitalized ratio plus fully phased-in capital conservation buffer |  |  | 4.00 | % |  |  | 8.50 | % |  |  | 7.00 | % |  |  | 10.50 | %
Well-capitalized ratio (Bank only) |  |  | 5.00 | % |  |  | 8.00 | % |  |  | 6.50 | % |  |  | 10.00 | %

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

ASSET AND LIABILITY MANAGEMENT

The primary objective of the Company’s asset and liability management function is to maximize the Company’s net interest income while simultaneously maintaining an acceptable level of interest rate risk given the Company’s operating environment, capital and liquidity requirements, performance objectives, and overall business focus. The principal determinant of the exposure of the Company’s earnings to interest rate risk is the timing difference between the repricing or maturity of interest-earning assets and the re-pricing or maturity of interest-bearing liabilities. The Company’s asset and liability management policies are designed to decrease interest rate sensitivity primarily by shortening the maturities of interest-earning assets while at the same time extending the maturities of interest-bearing liabilities. The Board of Directors of the Company continues to believe in a strong asset/liability management process to insulate the Company from material and prolonged increases in interest rates.

The Company’s Board of Directors has established an Asset and Liability Management Committee consisting of outside directors and senior management. This committee, which meets quarterly, generally monitors various asset and liability management policies and strategies.

Interest Rate Sensitivity Simulation Analysis

The Company engages an external consultant to facilitate income simulation modeling quarterly. This modeling measures interest rate risk and sensitivity. The Asset and Liability Management Committee of the Company believes the various rate scenarios of the simulation modeling enable the Company to more accurately evaluate and manage the exposure of interest rate fluctuations on net interest income, the yield curve, various loan and mortgage-backed security prepayments, and deposit decay assumptions.

Earnings simulation modeling and assumptions about the timing and volatility of cash flows are critical in net portfolio equity valuation analysis. Particularly important are the assumptions driving mortgage prepayments and the expected attrition of the core deposit portfolios. These assumptions are based on the Company’s historical experience and industry standards and are applied consistently across all rate risk measures.

The Company has established the following guidelines for assessing interest rate risk:

Net interest income simulation (“NII”) - Projected net interest income over the next twelve months will not be reduced by more than 10% given a gradual shift (i.e., over 12 months) in interest rates of up to 200 basis points (+ or -) and assuming no balance sheet growth.

47

Portfolio equity simulation - Portfolio equity is the net present value of the Company’s existing assets and liabilities. The Company uses an Economic Value of Equity (“EVE”) analysis which shows the estimated changes in portfolio equity considering certain long-term shock rates. Given a 200 basis point immediate and permanent increase in market interest rates, portfolio equity may not correspondingly decrease or increase by more than 20% of stockholders’ equity. Given a 100 basis point immediate and permanent decrease in market interest rates, portfolio equity may not correspondingly decrease or increase by more than 10% of stockholders’ equity.

The following table presents the simulated impact of a 200 basis point upward or 100 basis point downward shift of market interest rates on net interest income and the change in portfolio equity. This analysis was done assuming the interest-earning asset and interest-bearing liability levels at September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, remained constant. The impact of the market rate movements was developed by simulating the effects of rates changing gradually over one year from the September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020 levels for net interest income and portfolio equity. The impact of market-rate movements was developed by simulating the effects of an immediate and permanent change in rates at September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, for portfolio equity:

|  | September 30, 2021 |  |  | December 31, 2020 |
Change in Rates |  | % Change in NII |  |  | % Change in EVE |  |  | % Change in NII |  |  | % Change in EVE |
+200bp |  |  | 2.60 | % |  |  | 1.50 | % |  |  | 1.70 | % |  |  | 9.10 | %
-100bp |  |  | (1.10 | )% |  |  | (13.10 | )% |  |  | (0.70 | )% |  |  | (19.90 | )%

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The Company’s critical accounting estimates involving the more significant judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2021, have remained unchanged from December 31, 2020.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Controls and Procedures Disclosure

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the Company’s reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are, to the best of their knowledge, effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the periods specified in Securities and Exchange Commission rules and forms. After the date of their evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that there were no significant changes in internal control or in other factors that could significantly affect the Company’s internal controls, including any corrective actions concerning significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.

A material weakness is a significant deficiency (as defined in Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Auditing Standard No. 2), or a combination of significant deficiencies, that results in there being more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by management or employees in the normal course of performing their assigned functions.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) that occurred during the Company’s most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

48

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. | Legal Proceedings

| From time to time, the Company and MBC may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of their normal course of business. Currently, the Company and MBC are not involved in any legal proceedings, the outcome of which, in management’s opinion, would be material to their financial condition or results of operations.

Item 1a. | Risk Factors

| There have been no material changes in the Company’s risk factors from those disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Details of repurchases of Company common stock during the second quarter of 2021 are included in the following table:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total shares purchased as |  |  | Maximum number of shares |
2021 period |  | Total shares |  |  |  |  |  |  | part of a publicly |  |  | that may yet be purchased |
In thousands, except per share data |  | purchased |  |  | Average price paid per share |  |  | announced program (a) |  |  | under the program |
July |  |  | 72,752 |  |  | $ | 23.72 |  |  |  | 253,797 |  |  |  | 346,203 |
August |  |  | 30,608 |  |  | $ | 24.14 |  |  |  | 284,405 |  |  |  | 315,595 |
September |  |  | 61,698 |  |  | $ | 23.80 |  |  |  | 346,103 |  |  |  | 253,897 |
Total |  |  | 165,058 |  |  | $ | 23.82 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

| (a) | On November 13, 2020, the Company announced that the Board of Directors approved a resumption and increase of the Company’s stock repurchase program (the “Program”). The Program commenced April 19, 2019, but repurchases under the program were temporarily suspended in March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. At the time the Program was suspended, the Company had repurchased 157,032 shares from the 300,000 share authorization under the Program. On November 9, 2020, the Board authorized an increase to the Program of 157,032 shares, resulting in 300,000 shares being available for repurchase. The Company has repurchased 271,279 shares since November 9, 2020. On August 9, 2021, the Board authorized an increase to the Program of 300,000 shares, resulting in 328,721 shares being available for repurchase. The Program may be modified, suspended, or terminated by the Company at any time.

Item 3. | Defaults by the Company on its Senior Securities

| None

Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures

| N/A

Item 5. | Other information

| None

49

Item 6. | Exhibits

Exhibit list for Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 10-Q Quarterly Report for the Period Ended September 30, 2021

Exhibit Number | Description |  | Location
3.1 | Second Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Middlefield Banc Corp., as amended |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2005, filed on March 29, 2006
3.2 | Regulations of Middlefield Banc Corp. |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s registration statement on Form 10 filed on April 17, 2001
4 | Specimen stock certificate |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s registration statement on Form 10 filed on April 17, 2001
4.1 | Amended and Restated Trust Agreement, dated as of December 21, 2006, between Middlefield Banc Corp., as Depositor, Wilmington Trust Company, as Property trustee, Wilmington Trust Company, as Delaware Trustee, and Administrative Trustees |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 8-K Current Report filed on December 27, 2006
4.2 | Junior Subordinated Indenture, dated as of December 21, 2006, between Middlefield Banc Corp. and Wilmington Trust Company |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 8-K Current Report filed on December 27, 2006
4.3 | Guarantee Agreement, dated as of December 21, 2006, between Middlefield Banc Corp. and Wilmington Trust Company |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 8-K Current Report filed on December 27, 2006
10.1.0* | 2017 Omnibus Equity Plan |  | Incorporated by reference to Middlefield Banc Corp.’s definitive proxy statement for the 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, Appendix A, filed on April 4, 2017
10.1.1* | 2007 Omnibus Equity Plan |  | Incorporated by reference to Middlefield Banc Corp.’s definitive proxy statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, Appendix A, filed on April 7, 2008
10.2* | Change in Control Agreement between Middlefield Banc Corp. and Thomas G. Caldwell |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 8-K Current Report filed on March 12, 2019
10.3* | Change in Control Agreement between Middlefield Banc Corp. and James R. Heslop, II |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 8-K Current Report filed on March 12, 2019

50

10.4 | Federal Home Loan Bank of Cincinnati Agreement for Advances and Security Agreement dated September 14, 2000 |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s registration statement on Form 10 filed on April 17, 2001
10.4.1* | Severance Agreement between Middlefield Banc Corp. and Teresa M. Hetrick, dated January 7, 2008 |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4.1 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 8-K Current Report filed on January 9, 2008
10.4.2* | Change in Control Agreement between Middlefield Banc Corp. and Charles O. Moore |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4.2 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 8-K Current Report filed on March 12, 2019
10.4.3* | Change in Control Agreement between Middlefield Banc Corp. and Donald L. Stacy |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4.3 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 8-K Current Report filed on March 12, 2019
10.4.4* | Severance Agreement between Middlefield Banc Corp. and Alfred F. Thompson, Jr., dated January 7, 2008 |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4.4 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 8-K Current Report filed on January 9, 2008
10.4.5* | Change in Control Agreement between Middlefield Banc Corp. and Michael L. Allen |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4.5 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 10-Q Current Report filed on November 5, 2019
10.4.6* | Change in Control Agreement between Middlefield Banc Corp. and John D. Lane |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4.6 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 10-Q Current Report filed on November 5, 2019
10.4.7* | Change in Control Agreement between Middlefield Banc Corp. and Michael C. Ranttila |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4.7 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 10-K Current Report filed on March 12, 2021
10.5 | [reserved] |  |
10.6* | Amended Director Retirement Agreement with Richard T. Coyne |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 8-K Current Report filed on January 9, 2008
10.7* | Amended Director Retirement Agreement with Frances H. Frank |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 8-K Current Report filed on January 9, 2008
10.8 | [reserved] |  |
10.9 | [reserved] |  |
10.10 | [reserved] |  |

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10.11* | Director Retirement Agreement with Martin S. Paul |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2001, filed on March 28, 2002
10.12 | [reserved] |  |
10.13 | [reserved] |  |
10.14* | Executive Survivor Income Agreement (aka DBO agreement [death benefit only]) with Donald L. Stacy |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2003, filed on March 30, 2004
10.15* | DBO Agreement with Jay P. Giles |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2003, filed on March 30, 2004
10.16* | DBO Agreement with Alfred F. Thompson, Jr. |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2003, filed on March 30, 2004
10.17* | DBO Agreement with Teresa M. Hetrick |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2003, filed on March 30, 2004
10.18 * | Executive Deferred Compensation Agreement with Jay P. Giles |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2011, filed on March 20, 2012
10.19 | [reserved] |  |
10.20* | DBO Agreement with James R. Heslop, II |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2003, filed on March 30, 2004
10.21* | DBO Agreement with Thomas G. Caldwell |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2003, filed on March 30, 2004
10.22* | Annual Incentive Plan |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 8-K Current Report filed on March 12, 2019
10.22.1 | [reserved] |  |

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10.23** | Amended Executive Deferred Compensation Agreement with Thomas G. Caldwell |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2019, filed on March 4, 2020
10.24** | Amended Executive Deferred Compensation Agreement with James R. Heslop, II |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2019, filed on March 4, 2020
10.25** | Amended Executive Deferred Compensation Agreement with Donald L. Stacy |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2019, filed on March 4, 2020
10.26** | Executive Variable Benefit Deferred Compensation Agreement with James R. Heslop, II |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.26 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2019, filed on March 4, 2020
10.27** | Executive Variable Benefit Deferred Compensation Agreement with Donald L. Stacy |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2019, filed on March 4, 2020
10.28** | Executive Deferred Compensation Agreement with Charles O. Moore |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2019, filed on March 4, 2020
10.29* | Form of conditional stock award under the 2007 Omnibus Equity Plan |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 8-K Current Report filed on March 4, 2016
10.29.1 | Form of conditional stock award under the 2017 Omnibus Equity Plan |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 8-K Current Report filed on July 24, 2017
10.30** | Executive Deferred Compensation Agreement with Michael L. Allen |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 10-Q Current Report filed on May 7, 2019
10.31** | Executive Deferred Compensation Agreement with John D. Lane |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 10-Q Current Report filed on May 7, 2019
10.32** | Executive Deferred Compensation Agreement with Michael C. Ranttila |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.32 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s Form 10-K Current Report filed on March 12, 2021
31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a) certification of Chief Executive Officer |  | filed herewith

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31.2 | Rule 13a-14(a) certification of Chief Financial Officer |  | filed herewith
32 | Rule 13a-14(b) certification |  | filed herewith
99.1 | Form of Indemnification Agreement with directors of Middlefield Banc Corp. and with executive officers of Middlefield Banc Corp. and The Middlefield Banking Company |  | Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of Middlefield Banc Corp.’s registration statement on Form 10, Amendment No. 1, filed on September 14, 2001
101.INS*** | Inline XBRL Instance |  | furnished herewith
101.SCH*** | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema |  | furnished herewith
101.CAL*** | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation |  | furnished herewith
101.DEF*** | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition |  | furnished herewith
101.LAB*** | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels |  | furnished herewith
101.PRE*** | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation |  | furnished herewith
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |  |

* management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

** management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement, a schedule has been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K and will be provided on a supplemental basis to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request

*** XBRL information is furnished and not filed or a part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, is deemed not filed for purposes of section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise is not subject to liability under these sections

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned and hereunto duly authorized.

| MIDDLEFIELD BANC CORP. |
Date: November 10, 2021 | By: /s/Thomas G. Caldwell |
| Thomas G. Caldwell |
| President and Chief Executive Officer |
Date: November 10, 2021 | By: /s/Donald L. Stacy |
| Donald L. Stacy |
| Principal Financial and Accounting Officer |

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