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Note C - Finance Receivables, Net
12 Months Ended
Apr. 30, 2018
Notes to Financial Statements  
Financing Receivables [Text Block]
C - Finance Receivables, Net
 
The Company originates installment sale contracts from the sale of used vehicles at its dealerships. These installment sale contracts, which carry an interest rate of
15%
or
16.5%
per annum (based on the Company’s contract interest rate in effect at the contract origination date), are collateralized by the vehicle sold and typically provide for payments over periods ranging from
18
to
42
months. The Company’s finance receivables are defined as
one
segment and
one
class of loans, which is sub-prime consumer automobile contracts. The level of risks inherent in our financing receivables is managed as
one
homogeneous pool. The components of finance receivables as of
April 30, 2018
and
2017
are as follows:
 
(In thousands)   April 30, 2018   April 30, 2017
         
Gross contract amount   $
584,682
    $
545,916
 
Less unearned finance charges    
(83,244
)    
(79,062
)
Principal balance    
501,438
     
466,854
 
Less allowance for credit losses    
(117,821
)    
(109,693
)
                 
Finance receivables, net   $
383,617
    $
357,161
 
 
Changes in the finance receivables, net for the years ended
April 30, 2018,
2017
and
2016
are as follows:
 
    Years Ended April 30,
(In thousands)   2018   2017   2016
             
Balance at beginning of period   $
357,161
    $
334,793
    $
324,144
 
Finance receivable originations    
494,641
     
479,099
     
460,499
 
Finance receivable collections    
(260,104
)    
(249,264
)    
(248,166
)
Provision for credit losses    
(149,059
)    
(149,097
)    
(144,397
)
Losses on claims for payment protection plan    
(16,748
)    
(15,627
)    
(13,521
)
Inventory acquired in repossession and payment protection plan claims    
(42,274
)    
(42,743
)    
(43,766
)
                         
Balance at end of period   $
383,617
    $
357,161
    $
334,793
 
 
Changes in the finance receivables allowance for credit losses for the years ended
April 30, 2018,
2017
and
2016
are as follows:
 
    Years Ended April 30,
(In thousands)   2018   2017   2016
             
Balance at beginning of period   $
109,693
    $
102,485
    $
93,224
 
Provision for credit losses    
149,059
     
149,097
     
144,397
 
Charge-offs, net of recovered collateral    
(140,931
)    
(141,889
)    
(135,136
)
                         
Balance at end of period   $
117,821
    $
109,693
    $
102,485
 
 
The factors which influenced management’s judgment in determining the amount of the additions to the allowance charged to provision for credit losses are described below.
 
The level of actual charge-offs, net of recovered collateral, is the most important factor in determining the charges to the provision for credit losses. This is due to the fact that once a contract becomes delinquent the account is either made current by the customer, the vehicle is repossessed or the account is written off if the collateral cannot be recovered. Net charge-offs as a percentage of average finance receivables was
28.8%
for fiscal
2018
as compared to
30.5%
for fiscal
2017.
The decrease in net charge-offs for fiscal
2018
primarily resulted from a lower frequency of losses primarily due to improvements in the collections process. The fiscal
2016
provision included a
$4.8
million increase in the provision as a result of the increase in our provision percentage applied to the growth in finance receivables during the
second
quarter of fiscal
2016.
 
Collections and delinquency levels can have a significant effect on additions to the allowance and are reviewed frequently. Collections as a percentage of average finance receivables were
53.1%
for the year ended
April 30, 2018
compared to
53.6%
for the year ended
April 30, 2017.
Delinquencies greater than
30
days remained relatively consistent at
3.5%
for
April 30, 2018
compared to
3.6%
at
April 30, 2017.
 
Macro-economic factors, and more importantly, proper execution of operational policies and procedures have a significant effect on additions to the allowance charged to the provision. Higher unemployment levels, higher gasoline prices and higher prices for staple items can potentially have a significant effect. The Company continues to focus on operational improvements within the collections area such as credit reporting for customers, GPS technology on vehicles sold and text messaging payment reminders.
 
Credit quality information for finance receivables is as follows:
 
(Dollars in thousands)   April 30, 2018   April 30, 2017
                 
    Principal Balance   Percent of Portfolio   Principal Balance   Percent of Portfolio
Current   $
424,511
     
84.67
%   $
397,341
     
85.12
%
3 - 29 days past due    
59,544
     
11.87
%    
52,869
     
11.32
%
30 - 60 days past due    
12,448
     
2.48
%    
11,658
     
2.50
%
61 - 90 days past due    
3,331
     
0.66
%    
3,516
     
0.75
%
> 90 days past due    
1,604
     
0.32
%    
1,470
     
0.31
%
Total   $
501,438
     
100.00
%   $
466,854
     
100.00
%
 
Accounts
one
and
two
days past due are considered current for this analysis, due to the varying payment dates and variation in the day of the week at each period end. Delinquencies
may
vary from period to period based on the average age of the portfolio, seasonality within the calendar year, the day of the week and overall economic factors. The above categories are consistent with internal operational measures used by the Company to monitor credit results.
 
Substantially all of the Company’s automobile contracts involve contracts made to individuals with impaired or limited credit histories, or higher debt-to-income ratios than permitted by traditional lenders. Contracts made with buyers who are restricted in their ability to obtain financing from traditional lenders generally entail a higher risk of delinquency, default and repossession, and higher losses than contracts made with buyers with better credit. The Company monitors contract term length, down payment percentages, and collections for credit quality indicators.
 
    Twelve Months Ended
April 30,
    2018   2017
                 
Principal collected as a percent of average finance receivables    
53.1
%    
53.6
%
Average down-payment percentage    
6.4
%    
6.0
%
 
         
    April 30, 2018   April 30, 2017
Average originating contract term
(in months
)
   
29.7
     
29.5
 
Portfolio weighted average contract term, including modifications
(in months
)
   
32.5
     
32.5
 
 
The decrease in collections as a percentage of average finance receivables was primarily due to the longer overall contract term and the increase in the contract interest rate, offset by a slightly higher average age of receivables. The increases in contract term are primarily related to efforts to keep payments affordable, for competitive reasons and to continue to work more with our customers when they experience financial difficulties. In order to remain competitive, term lengths
may
continue to increase
.